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2020版高考英语新设计大一轮人教新高考（浙鲁京琼）版讲义：必修二Unit2
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阅读
词汇
请匹配下列单词与其词义
1．princess A．n.座右铭；格言；警句
2．motto B．adj.快的；迅速的
3．swift C．n.光荣；荣誉
4．nowadaysD．n.公主
5．glory E．adv.现今；现在
6．mascot F．n.奴隶
7．slave G．n.(pl.) 体操；体能训练
8．gymnastics H．n.吉祥物
9．athletics I．n.(露天大型)体育场
10．stadium J．n.(pl.) 体育运动；竞技
答案 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.E 5.C 6.H 7.F 8.G 9.J 10.I
高频
词汇
请根据汉语提示完成下列词块
1．bargain over the price讨价还价
2．deserve to be rewarded应该奖励
3．replace coal by/with gas用煤气代替煤
4．charge two dollars for repairing the bike修自行车索价两美元
5．win a gold medal赢得金牌
6．fine him ten dollars罚他10美元
7．volunteer to water our plants自愿给我们的树木浇水
8．the host for tonight’s program今晚的节目主持人
9．an ancient city一座古城
10．have a pain in the head头痛
11．feel lonely and completely hopeless觉得孤寂、绝望
12．leave their beloved homeland离开他们热爱的祖国
拓展
词汇
请填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．It’s a chance to chat online with admission(s)(admit) officers，students，and college counselors (顾问)，and it won’t cost you a penny！(2018·浙江11月卷)
2．While regularly(regular) eating out seems to have become common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost.(2018·浙江6月卷)
3．Magically(magical), that show remains the Great Jason’s best performance to this day.(2016·浙江10月卷)
4．It has helped me become stronger, both mentally and physically (physical)．
5．It’s foolish (fool) of you to refer to your notes in such an important test.
6．We’ll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility (responsible) for your actions.
7．Advertisers are supposed to be honest about their advertisement．(advertise)
8．All the excited competitors who are relatively competitive are competing for the honor of winning the gold medals in the competition．(compete)
必会
短语
请根据汉语提示完成下列词块
1．as__a__matter__of__fact事实上
2．stand__for a lifelong learning experience代表终身学习
3．in__charge of the case负责这件案子
4．pick__up passengers搭载乘客
5．apart__from some spelling mistakes除了一些拼写错误
6．take__the__place__of the secretary代替那个秘书
7．take__part__in many school activities参加很多学校活动
8．work__out the problem with no difficulty毫无困难地解决这个问题
9．do it on__purpose故意所为
10．speak English and Spanish as__well说英语和西班牙语
必仿佳句
1.[原句] No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!
2．[原句] There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
3．[原句] This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become.
1．[仿写] 父母们不能容忍他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌，也不允许他们不服从自己的命令。
The parents didn’t tolerate their kids’ rudeness at the party, nor__did__they__allow themselves to be disobeyed.
2．[仿写] 人们普遍认为教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。
It’s generally believed that teaching is as__much__an__art__as it is a science.
3．[仿写] 一般说来，一个运动员在赛前训练得越刻苦，他获胜的可能性就越大。
Generally speaking, the__harder an athlete trains before a match, the__more__possibly he will win.
1.compete vi.竞争，比赛
(1)compete in 参加 (比赛，竞争)
compete for 为……而竞争
compete with/against sb(for...) (为……)与……对抗/竞争
(2)competition n. 比赛
competitive adj. 有竞争力的
competitor n. 竞争者；对手
单句语法填空
①The prize for the winner of the competition (compete) is a two－week holiday in Paris.
②He holds the firm belief that he will compete in the 32nd Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2020.
[佳句背诵] As the youngest competitor, I had to compete in the writing contest against/with 20 other top students for the annual writing award.I must be very competitive to be the winner.
作为最年轻的比赛者，我必须和另外20个顶尖的学生在写作比赛中竞争以取得这项年度写作奖。要成为获胜者，我必须有很强的竞争力。
2.admit vt.& vi.容许，承认；接纳，容纳
(1)admit (doing/having done) sth 承认(做)某事
admit sb/sth to be 承认某人/某物……是……
be admitted to/into 被接纳进入；被录取到……； 成为……的一员
(2)admission n. 进入；入场费；承认
单句语法填空/句型转换
①You must admit the task to__be(be) very difficult.
②As a man, you should have the courage to admit your mistakes.
→As a man, you should have the courage to admit having__made__mistakes．
→As a man, you should have the courage to admit that you__have__made__mistakes．
[佳句背诵] The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted to my favorite university will come true.
考试结果可能会正如所预料的那样，我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。
3.charge n．费用；主管 vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电
(1)charge sb for sth 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb with (doing) sth ＝accuse sb of (doing) sth 控告某人 (做)某事
(2)take charge of 掌管；负责
in charge of 控制；管理
free of charge＝for free 免费
单句语法填空/句型转换
①I wonder how much you will charge me for the six－week course.
②The man who had taken charge of the company was accused of taking drugs.
→The man (who__had__been)__in__charge__of the company was__charged__with taking drugs.
[佳句背诵] With the ticket, you may get a French fries free of charge/for free in KFC.
凭此券你可以在肯德基免费得到一份法式炸薯条。
4.bargain n．便宜货vi.讨价还价；讲条件
(1)a good/real bargain 便宜货
make a bargain with 与……达成交易/协议
(2)bargain with...about/for... 就……与……讨价还价
单句语法填空/完成句子
①He made a bargain with me, but he now is trying to break it off.
②She was__bargaining__with__the__storekeeper__for/about__a__skirt (正在为购买一条裙子和店主讨价还价) when I first caught sight of her.
[佳句背诵] These toys are a real/good bargain at such low prices.
这些玩具的价格这么便宜，真划算。
5.replace vt.取代；替换；代替；把……放回原处
(1)replace (＝take the place of) sb/sth 取代某人/某物
replace sth with/by sth 用……替换……
(2)take the place of＝take one’s place
代替；替代
in place of 代替
句型转换
John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him.
→John is ill and I want to know who will take__the__place__of__him/take__his__place/be__in__place__of__him．(place)
[佳句背诵] It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks.
不吃正餐，改吃零食，这不是什么好主意。
6.deserve vt.值得；应受；应得
sb deserve to do sth 某人应该做某事；某人值 得做某事
sth deserve to be done ＝sth deserve doing 某事值得被做
单句语法填空/句型转换
①He does not deserve to__win (win) any respect from anybody just because he does not know how to respect others.
②This suggestion deserves consideration.
→This suggestion deserves considering/to__be__considered．(consider)
7.volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵 adj.志愿的；义务的 vt.& vi.自愿
(1)volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事
(2)voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的
单句语法填空
They volunteered to__offer(offer) service during the Olympic Games.
8.stand for代表，象征；表示；主张，支持；容忍
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中stand for的含义
①What do the five stars on our national flag stand for? 代表，表示
②We should respect people of all faiths and stand for religious freedom.支持；主张
③He has been acting very strangely these days.I can’t stand for his actions at all.容忍
9.pick up拾起，捡起；偶然获得，身体等好起来，收拾，整理；取回；收听；(开车)接人
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中pick up的含义
①We picked up the radio signals on our receiver.接收(信号)
②He picked up the book and gave it to her.拾起，捡起
③This room must be picked up before the guests arrive.整理，收拾
④We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.用车接(某人)
⑤The girl survived the accident，and now she is picking up.身体好转
[图形助记]
10.take part in参加；参与
participate in＝take part in 参加；参与
take an active part in 积极参加
play a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
单句语法填空/完成句子
①It goes without saying that taking an active part in social activities can broaden our horizons.
②Now it appears to me that he may play an important part in settling the problem(在解决这个问题中起着重要作用)．
[佳句背诵] We all feel honoured if you can take part in the activity with us.
如果你能与我们一起参加这项活动，我们都会感到莫大荣幸。
11.There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
国与国之间争取奥运会主办权的竞争和争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。
(1)as...as...的否定形式是not as/so...as...“不如”
(2)当as...as...中间有名词时，应采用：as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as或as＋many/much＋n.(复数或不可数)＋as
(3)表达倍数关系句型时则表达为：倍数＋as...as...
完成句子
①She has as__sweet__a__voice__as__her__mother (像她妈妈一样甜美的声音)．
②China has almost the same size as the USA but its population is six__times__as__large__as__that__of__the__USA (美国的六倍)．
[佳句背诵] Joan spent as much time as she could helping me with my English while I was in England.
当我在英国时，琼花了尽可能多的时间帮我学英语。
12.No other countries could join in, nor__could__slaves__or__women！
别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
(1)“nor/neither＋助动词/be/情态动词＋主语”，意为“……也不这样”。 (否定情况)
(2)“so＋助动词/be/情态动词＋主语”，意为“……也是如此”。 (肯定情况)
(3)“so＋主语＋助动词/be/情态动词”，表示说话人同意对方的观点，意为“……的确如此”
单句语法填空/完成句子
①He didn’t know what that would be, and neither/nor did I.
②My brother watched the movie, so did I.
① —Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music.
—So__he__is (他的确如此) and so__are__you (你也是).
Ⅰ.阅读——教材VS高考之一
The sports event staged by our city was a great success.Athletes ①competed fiercely for glory in the stadium, which ②admitted thousands of people.Their wonderful performance, ③deserving to be praised and respected, attracted the audience’s attention.To ensure its success, many local residents had ④volunteered for guard duty.The plastic lawn in the stadium had been ⑤replaced by a grass lawn.
1．写出黑体词汇在语境中的词性和词义
①vi.比赛；竞争 ②vt.容纳
③vt.值得 ④vi.自愿
⑤vt.取代；替换
2．Which of the following can replace the underlined “staged”？
A．hosted B．charged
C．bargained D．advertised
答案 A
Ⅱ.完形——教材VS高考之二
Nowadays, some athletes use drugs to compete unfairly in the Olympic Games.They want to win gold __1__ at any cost, which stand for money and glory.The Olympic motto “Swifter, Higher and Stronger” has been __2__ by their desire.Actually, drugs affect __3__ both physically and mentally.These people deserve it! To prevent cheating, athletes admitted into a sports event have to take a __4__ blood test.If caught using drugs, they will probably suffer a life ban besides being heavily fined.
1．A.medals B．bargains
C．responsibility D．basis
2．A.fined B．replaced
C．admitted D．advertised
3．A.volunteers B．posters
C．hosts D．competitors
4．A.regular B．magical
C．swift D．hopeless
答案 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.A
Ⅲ.语法填空——教材VS高考之三
Does your school host the sports meet 1.regularly(regular)? Is there a gym or a stadium in your school? Do you want to be 2.an athlete? Have you taken part in a 3.competition(compete) and won a medal? Or have you worked as a volunteer for a sports meet? If you always give the reply of “No”， you have to admit that you haven’t understood the meaning of sports.Replace the answer 4.with “Yes” now.You may look foolish if you know nothing about sports.Can you imagine the 5.magical(magic) power of sports?
Nowadays it’s not only a means to keep you fit in physical state, but also in mental state.Everyone has the responsibility 6.to__get(get) the glory for his homeland and anyone who tries his best 7.deserves(deserve) the respect because he represents his or her country.So, get yourself 8.charged(charge) swiftly and go out to put up posters to advertise for the sports meet.Tell more people about the basis and mottos as well.
Ⅳ.写作——教材VS高考之四
你校一年一度的体育节将至，请你根据以下内容，用英语写一篇介绍奥运会的文章。
1．任何国家都可以参加；
2．选手要达到统一标准；
3．有志愿者提供帮助。
注意：1.词数不少于60；
2．至少使用5个所提示的关键词语。
提示词：ring, stand for, take part in, athlete, standard, admit, competitor, volunteer, take charge of
【参考范文】
The five rings on the Olympic flag stand for the five continents on the earth, which means any country can take part in the Olympic Games.But only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their events will be admitted as competitors.There are some volunteers as well who offer help to the Olympic Games, for example, taking charge of the accommodation of athletes.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When Kathrine Switzer became the first woman to enter the Boston Marathon with a number，in 1967，she knew she’d be chasing(追赶) history.She didn’t expect to be chased off the course.
At the time，women weren’t officially allowed to enter the race.To be accepted，Switzer signed up with her initials as “K.V.Switzer.”On race day，though，in lipstick and earrings，she took her place at the starting line.Switzer was at mile two when race manager，John Semple，ran up and tried to get her off the course，yelling，“Get the hell out of my race！” But with her boyfriend knocking Semple back，she fended off the official and finished in four hours and twenty minutes.
To mark the 50th anniversary of her barrier－breaking run，Switzer，now 70，plans to repeat the 26.2－mile journey this month.In the race，Switzer will wear the number 261，the same one the official tried ripping off from her 50 years ago.In her honor，the Boston Marathon will leave the number out in future races.
Switzer has 39 marathons under her belt，including coming in first in New York in 1974 and running in the Olympics in 1984.The last time she finished one in Boston was in 1976，two years after successfully campaigning to let women officially enter it.Her number might not show up in the Boston Marathon again，but Switzer’s movement goes beyond letting women enter that race.Founding a nonprofit international women’s running club，Switzer chose the name 261 Fearless.
“My goal is to reach women in places right now where they’re not allowed to leave the house alone，drive a car or get an education，”Switzer told CBS Boston.“If running can give them a sense of strength，where they are no longer victims and vulnerable，that’s what I hope it can do.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述第一个跑波士顿马拉松(1967年)的女性Kathrine Switzer克服困难并且不断努力创造马拉松的奇迹的故事。
1．How did Kathrine Switzer enter the Boston Marathon in 1967?
A．By dressing up as a male.
B．By yelling at the race manager.
C．By signing up with her initials.
D．By getting a runner off the course.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“At the time...as ‘K.V.Switzer’”可知，那时，女性是不允许参加比赛的，为了获取参赛资格，Kathrine Switzer报名时用的是缩写的名字K.V.Switzer，这样主办单位辨认不出她是男是女。故选C。]
2．What is John Semple’s attitude towards Switzer running the Marathon?
A．He was supportive of her participation.
B．He tried to get her out of the competition.
C．He unwillingly allowed her to finish her running.
D．He thought Switzer should have got official approval first.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“John Semple，ran up...out of my race！”可知，John Semple追赶Kathrine Switzer，大吼着要她退出比赛。故选B。]
3．Concerning the number 261，what can we learn from the text?
A．A running club was named after it.
B．It will be reserved for Boston Marathon.
C．Switzer wore it in all her Marathon races.
D．The Boston Marathon will honor it in future races.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Founding a nonprofit...the name 261 Fearless.”可知，在Switzer成立了一个非盈利的国际女性赛跑俱乐部，这个俱乐部就是以号码261而命名的。故选A。]
4．What’s Switzer’s goal in founding an international women’s running club?
A．To make profit out of it.
B．To honor her first Marathon.
C．To train more women to run Marathon.
D．To encourage women to win equal rights.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“My goal is to reach women...get an education”可知，Switzer成立女性赛跑俱乐部的目的就是让女性享有独立出门、开车和受教育的权利。故选D。]
B
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (比萨斜塔)has never stood straight. The building’s lean has puzzled engineers for hundreds of years. Engineers began building the bell tower in Italy in 1173. It took more than 200 years to finish. It was built on unexpectedly soft ground and the tower began to lean before it was done. The mistake has made the building one of the world’s strange sights.
How can something so unstable last for hundreds of years? The tower has survived two world wars, millions of visitors, and four strong earthquakes. Engineering Professor George Mylonakis wanted to know why. He studied the ground beneath the building and looked at how soil affects the building and how well it stands up.
Mylonakis and other engineers came up with an answer about the tower. The answer has to do with the soft ground under the tower. The engineers found other important reasons, too. The tower is very tall and is made of stone that makes it stiff. Its height and firmness combined with the softness of the foundation soil cause the vibrational (振动的) characteristics of the structure to be improved considerably in such a way that the tower does not resonate (共振)with earthquake ground motion. So during an earthquake, the tower does not shake as much as the earth under it.
Still, Mylonakis said the tower had almost fallen since it continued to lean more as the soft ground settled under it. In the early 1990s, it was in real danger of falling and the Italian government closed the tower to visitors and started to save it. Crews gradually began to take out small amounts of soil from the high north side. With less soil under it, that side of the tower sank slightly. Engineers also fixed equipment that allows them to make adjustments to the water pressure beneath the tower, further controlling how much the tower leans.
The building still leans. It just leans a bit less than before. Most importantly, the tower is no longer in danger. John Burland worked on the project to save the tower. He said it is highly unlikely that the soft ground under the tower will cause it to fall and only a very large earthquake would knock down the tower.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。工程学教授George Mylonakis通过研究探索了意大利比萨斜塔屹立不倒的可能原因。
5．What does the underlined word “stiff ” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Shaky. B．Sinking.
C．Solid. D．Splendid.
答案 C [词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The tower is very tall and is made of stone”和其后的“Its height and firmness”可推知，tall对应height，made of stone对应firmness，故此处表示比萨斜塔由石头筑成，这些石头使得它很坚固。故画线词与solid “坚固的，牢固的”意思最为接近。]
6．What measure was taken to save the tower in the early 1990s?
A．Limit the number of visitors.
B．Remove soil from two sides.
C．Monitor the amount of soil water.
D．Make the tower lower in the north.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Crews gradually began to take...sank slightly”可知，工作人员逐渐从斜塔较高的北边的下方挖出少量土壤，下方的土壤减少后，斜塔的北边便会微微下沉，故斜塔的北边会低一点。]
7．What do John Burland’s words suggest in the last paragraph?
A．The tower is safe in most cases.
B．The tower still leans in danger.
C．The tower may fall due to the soft ground.
D．The tower will stand even if large earthquakes hit.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He said it is highly unlikely that...knock down the tower”可知，John Burland认为比萨斜塔塔下的松软土壤导致它坍塌的可能性很小，只有发生非常严重的地震它才可能坍塌，故选A。]
C
(2019·杭州学军中学一模)The biggest challenge faced by travelers especially those who like to have a backpacking trip is how to ensure a steady supply of clean clothes.Now，thanks to a great invention called Scrubba Wash Pack，that worry may be a thing of the past.
The portable washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010，while planning to climb Mt.Kilimanjaro.Struck by the limited packing space，he got inspiration from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes.Then he quitted his career as a lawyer and focused on perfecting the bag’s design.By 2012，the bag was ready for the public.It weighed only 180 grams and required very little storage space，making it perfect for anyone wishing to travel light.
Not surprisingly，the bag worth 55 dollars was an instant hit with travelers，university students and even passengers.However，Newland was not satisfied.He still saw a flaw with his invention—dirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag! The recently introduced Scrubba Wash Pack solves that problem.
In order to make the pack active，dirty clothes are placed inside the bag along with two to three liters of water.The bag is then shut tightly to ensure all air is squeezed out and the clothes are massaged for a few minutes.After a quick wash，they are clean and ready to be dried.According to Newland，the pack can clean anything from jeans to smelly socks! What’s even more amazing is that with a capacity to hold 13－liter of water，it can be used to wash more clothes at a time.
The best part is that the 99－dollar pack that will be available for sale later this year，only weighs 300 grams and is completely foldable，making it easy to store when it’s not in use.With the Scrubba Wash Pack，wandering through foreign cities searching for a washing shop，or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是便携式洗衣袋发明创造及改良的经过。
8．What led Ash Newland to create the Scrubba Wash Bag?
A．His job requirements.
B．A traditional washboard.
C．His interest in invention.
D．His personal experience.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句中的“while planning to climb...to clean clothes”可知，Ash Newland在计划爬山时，因为行李箱空间有限，想发明一种能够用来洗衣服的袋子。因此这是因为他自己的经历才让他产生的想法。故选D。]
9．It can be inferred that the improved Wash Pack________．
A．turns out to be much environmentally friendlier
B．will replace the traditional washing machines
C．will be widely used by more travelers in the future
D．can encourage more people to travel a long distance
答案 C [推理判断题。从第四段和第五段关于该洗衣袋的性能的描述可以看出，该款洗衣袋给旅游者带来的好处，由此可以推测出它在市场上会受到旅游者的青睐，故选C。]
10．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To introduce a great new invention.
B．To explain the development of backpack.
C．To list some common problems for travelers.
D．To compare two kinds of washing machines.
答案 A [写作目的题。文章在开始就记叙了Ash Newland因为曾经旅途感受洗衣之困而发明了便携式洗衣袋，后面又详细地说明了该洗衣袋的好处，因此可以得知本文的写作目的是介绍便携式洗衣袋及其给旅游者带来的好处，它让旅游者对于旅途中洗衣的担心成为过去。故选A。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Are you tired of shopping for furniture and coming home empty－handed? Helpless for purchasing what simply is not a match for your home’s decoration? The following tips will help guide you on your furniture－buying journey.
If you want to purchase wood furniture, look for quality woodwork.__1__， it will not last very long. It is best to spend more to get a piece of furniture with some excellent woodwork on it.
Don’t ever purchase any large piece of furniture without first measuring it.__2__. Bring a tape measure when you shop for furniture and know in advance the special limitations you are working with.
__3__， think about how it will fit in with the rest of your decoration.It’s one thing to see a side table out while you’re shopping, but it’s another thing to bring it home and try to make it work with everything else you have. Think carefully before you buy.
__4__， realize and remember they might not be your best source of advice and information.They may be focused on customer service, but only to sell. An actual decorator is someone who can really help find the right furniture for your home.
The furniture has much to do with your home’s quality, and is what makes your home complete. __5__．
A．Make sure the furniture is green
B．When you buy a single piece of furniture
C．The furniture may have been poorly built
D．High－quality furniture can really affect a home
E．If nails(钉子) are used to keep a piece of furniture together
F．While it’s good to talk to the salespeople in furniture stores
G．Knowing where to show it means making sure it will fit there
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，文中介绍了购买家具的注意事项。
1．E [根据空前的“look for quality woodwork”和空后的“it will not last very long”可知，购买木制家具时要选优质的木制品，如果家具使用了钉子，那它可能用不了多久。所以选E项。]
2．G [根据空前的“Don’t ever purchase any large piece of furniture without first measuring it”和空后的“Bring a tape measure...limitations”可知，空处内容与家具尺寸是否适合准备放置的地方有关。所以选G项。]
3．B [根据空后的“It’s one thing to see a side table...with everything else you have”可知，购买单件家具时，要注意它是否与别的家具匹配。所以选B项。]
4．F [根据空后的“realize and remember...but only to sell”可知，虽然听听售货员的建议比较好，但他们的目的是出售家具，故空处与和售货员交谈有关。所以选F项。]
5．D [根据空前的“The furniture...is what makes your home complete”可知，家具和整个家有很大关系，高质量的家具更是对家有重要影响。所以选D项。]
阅读
词汇
请匹配下列单词与其词义
1．princess A．n.座右铭；格言；警句
2．motto B．adj.快的；迅速的
3．swift C．n.光荣；荣誉
4．nowadaysD．n.公主
5．glory E．adv.现今；现在
6．mascot F．n.奴隶
7．slave G．n.(pl.) 体操；体能训练
8．gymnastics H．n.吉祥物
9．athletics I．n.(露天大型)体育场
10．stadium J．n.(pl.) 体育运动；竞技
答案 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.E 5.C 6.H 7.F 8.G 9.J 10.I
高频
词汇
请根据汉语提示完成下列词块
1．bargain over the price讨价还价
2．deserve to be rewarded应该奖励
3．replace coal by/with gas用煤气代替煤
4．charge two dollars for repairing the bike修自行车索价两美元
5．win a gold medal赢得金牌
6．fine him ten dollars罚他10美元
7．volunteer to water our plants自愿给我们的树木浇水
8．the host for tonight’s program今晚的节目主持人
9．an ancient city一座古城
10．have a pain in the head头痛
11．feel lonely and completely hopeless觉得孤寂、绝望
12．leave their beloved homeland离开他们热爱的祖国
拓展
词汇
请填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．It’s a chance to chat online with admission(s)(admit) officers，students，and college counselors (顾问)，and it won’t cost you a penny！(2018·浙江11月卷)
2．While regularly(regular) eating out seems to have become common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost.(2018·浙江6月卷)
3．Magically(magical), that show remains the Great Jason’s best performance to this day.(2016·浙江10月卷)
4．It has helped me become stronger, both mentally and physically (physical)．
5．It’s foolish (fool) of you to refer to your notes in such an important test.
6．We’ll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility (responsible) for your actions.
7．Advertisers are supposed to be honest about their advertisement．(advertise)
8．All the excited competitors who are relatively competitive are competing for the honor of winning the gold medals in the competition．(compete)
必会
短语
请根据汉语提示完成下列词块
1．as__a__matter__of__fact事实上
2．stand__for a lifelong learning experience代表终身学习
3．in__charge of the case负责这件案子
4．pick__up passengers搭载乘客
5．apart__from some spelling mistakes除了一些拼写错误
6．take__the__place__of the secretary代替那个秘书
7．take__part__in many school activities参加很多学校活动
8．work__out the problem with no difficulty毫无困难地解决这个问题
9．do it on__purpose故意所为
10．speak English and Spanish as__well说英语和西班牙语
必仿佳句
1.[原句] No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!
2．[原句] There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
3．[原句] This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become.
1．[仿写] 父母们不能容忍他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌，也不允许他们不服从自己的命令。
The parents didn’t tolerate their kids’ rudeness at the party, nor__did__they__allow themselves to be disobeyed.
2．[仿写] 人们普遍认为教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。
It’s generally believed that teaching is as__much__an__art__as it is a science.
3．[仿写] 一般说来，一个运动员在赛前训练得越刻苦，他获胜的可能性就越大。
Generally speaking, the__harder an athlete trains before a match, the__more__possibly he will win.
1.compete vi.竞争，比赛
(1)compete in 参加 (比赛，竞争)
compete for 为……而竞争
compete with/against sb(for...) (为……)与……对抗/竞争
(2)competition n. 比赛
competitive adj. 有竞争力的
competitor n. 竞争者；对手
单句语法填空
①The prize for the winner of the competition (compete) is a two－week holiday in Paris.
②He holds the firm belief that he will compete in the 32nd Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2020.
[佳句背诵] As the youngest competitor, I had to compete in the writing contest against/with 20 other top students for the annual writing award.I must be very competitive to be the winner.
作为最年轻的比赛者，我必须和另外20个顶尖的学生在写作比赛中竞争以取得这项年度写作奖。要成为获胜者，我必须有很强的竞争力。
2.admit vt.& vi.容许，承认；接纳，容纳
(1)admit (doing/having done) sth 承认(做)某事
admit sb/sth to be 承认某人/某物……是……
be admitted to/into 被接纳进入；被录取到……； 成为……的一员
(2)admission n. 进入；入场费；承认
单句语法填空/句型转换
①You must admit the task to__be(be) very difficult.
②As a man, you should have the courage to admit your mistakes.
→As a man, you should have the courage to admit having__made__mistakes．
→As a man, you should have the courage to admit that you__have__made__mistakes．
[佳句背诵] The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted to my favorite university will come true.
考试结果可能会正如所预料的那样，我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。
3.charge n．费用；主管 vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电
(1)charge sb for sth 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb with (doing) sth ＝accuse sb of (doing) sth 控告某人 (做)某事
(2)take charge of 掌管；负责
in charge of 控制；管理
free of charge＝for free 免费
单句语法填空/句型转换
①I wonder how much you will charge me for the six－week course.
②The man who had taken charge of the company was accused of taking drugs.
→The man (who__had__been)__in__charge__of the company was__charged__with taking drugs.
[佳句背诵] With the ticket, you may get a French fries free of charge/for free in KFC.
凭此券你可以在肯德基免费得到一份法式炸薯条。
4.bargain n．便宜货vi.讨价还价；讲条件
(1)a good/real bargain 便宜货
make a bargain with 与……达成交易/协议
(2)bargain with...about/for... 就……与……讨价还价
单句语法填空/完成句子
①He made a bargain with me, but he now is trying to break it off.
②She was__bargaining__with__the__storekeeper__for/about__a__skirt (正在为购买一条裙子和店主讨价还价) when I first caught sight of her.
[佳句背诵] These toys are a real/good bargain at such low prices.
这些玩具的价格这么便宜，真划算。
5.replace vt.取代；替换；代替；把……放回原处
(1)replace (＝take the place of) sb/sth 取代某人/某物
replace sth with/by sth 用……替换……
(2)take the place of＝take one’s place
代替；替代
in place of 代替
句型转换
John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him.
→John is ill and I want to know who will take__the__place__of__him/take__his__place/be__in__place__of__him．(place)
[佳句背诵] It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks.
不吃正餐，改吃零食，这不是什么好主意。
6.deserve vt.值得；应受；应得
sb deserve to do sth 某人应该做某事；某人值 得做某事
sth deserve to be done ＝sth deserve doing 某事值得被做
单句语法填空/句型转换
①He does not deserve to__win (win) any respect from anybody just because he does not know how to respect others.
②This suggestion deserves consideration.
→This suggestion deserves considering/to__be__considered．(consider)
7.volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵 adj.志愿的；义务的 vt.& vi.自愿
(1)volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事
(2)voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的
单句语法填空
They volunteered to__offer(offer) service during the Olympic Games.
8.stand for代表，象征；表示；主张，支持；容忍
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中stand for的含义
①What do the five stars on our national flag stand for? 代表，表示
②We should respect people of all faiths and stand for religious freedom.支持；主张
③He has been acting very strangely these days.I can’t stand for his actions at all.容忍
9.pick up拾起，捡起；偶然获得，身体等好起来，收拾，整理；取回；收听；(开车)接人
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中pick up的含义
①We picked up the radio signals on our receiver.接收(信号)
②He picked up the book and gave it to her.拾起，捡起
③This room must be picked up before the guests arrive.整理，收拾
④We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.用车接(某人)
⑤The girl survived the accident，and now she is picking up.身体好转
[图形助记]
10.take part in参加；参与
participate in＝take part in 参加；参与
take an active part in 积极参加
play a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
单句语法填空/完成句子
①It goes without saying that taking an active part in social activities can broaden our horizons.
②Now it appears to me that he may play an important part in settling the problem(在解决这个问题中起着重要作用)．
[佳句背诵] We all feel honoured if you can take part in the activity with us.
如果你能与我们一起参加这项活动，我们都会感到莫大荣幸。
11.There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
国与国之间争取奥运会主办权的竞争和争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。
(1)as...as...的否定形式是not as/so...as...“不如”
(2)当as...as...中间有名词时，应采用：as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as或as＋many/much＋n.(复数或不可数)＋as
(3)表达倍数关系句型时则表达为：倍数＋as...as...
完成句子
①She has as__sweet__a__voice__as__her__mother (像她妈妈一样甜美的声音)．
②China has almost the same size as the USA but its population is six__times__as__large__as__that__of__the__USA (美国的六倍)．
[佳句背诵] Joan spent as much time as she could helping me with my English while I was in England.
当我在英国时，琼花了尽可能多的时间帮我学英语。
12.No other countries could join in, nor__could__slaves__or__women！
别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
(1)“nor/neither＋助动词/be/情态动词＋主语”，意为“……也不这样”。 (否定情况)
(2)“so＋助动词/be/情态动词＋主语”，意为“……也是如此”。 (肯定情况)
(3)“so＋主语＋助动词/be/情态动词”，表示说话人同意对方的观点，意为“……的确如此”
单句语法填空/完成句子
①He didn’t know what that would be, and neither/nor did I.
②My brother watched the movie, so did I.
① —Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music.
—So__he__is (他的确如此) and so__are__you (你也是).
Ⅰ.阅读——教材VS高考之一
The sports event staged by our city was a great success.Athletes ①competed fiercely for glory in the stadium, which ②admitted thousands of people.Their wonderful performance, ③deserving to be praised and respected, attracted the audience’s attention.To ensure its success, many local residents had ④volunteered for guard duty.The plastic lawn in the stadium had been ⑤replaced by a grass lawn.
1．写出黑体词汇在语境中的词性和词义
①vi.比赛；竞争 ②vt.容纳
③vt.值得 ④vi.自愿
⑤vt.取代；替换
2．Which of the following can replace the underlined “staged”？
A．hosted B．charged
C．bargained D．advertised
答案 A
Ⅱ.完形——教材VS高考之二
Nowadays, some athletes use drugs to compete unfairly in the Olympic Games.They want to win gold __1__ at any cost, which stand for money and glory.The Olympic motto “Swifter, Higher and Stronger” has been __2__ by their desire.Actually, drugs affect __3__ both physically and mentally.These people deserve it! To prevent cheating, athletes admitted into a sports event have to take a __4__ blood test.If caught using drugs, they will probably suffer a life ban besides being heavily fined.
1．A.medals B．bargains
C．responsibility D．basis
2．A.fined B．replaced
C．admitted D．advertised
3．A.volunteers B．posters
C．hosts D．competitors
4．A.regular B．magical
C．swift D．hopeless
答案 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.A
Ⅲ.语法填空——教材VS高考之三
Does your school host the sports meet 1.regularly(regular)? Is there a gym or a stadium in your school? Do you want to be 2.an athlete? Have you taken part in a 3.competition(compete) and won a medal? Or have you worked as a volunteer for a sports meet? If you always give the reply of “No”， you have to admit that you haven’t understood the meaning of sports.Replace the answer 4.with “Yes” now.You may look foolish if you know nothing about sports.Can you imagine the 5.magical(magic) power of sports?
Nowadays it’s not only a means to keep you fit in physical state, but also in mental state.Everyone has the responsibility 6.to__get(get) the glory for his homeland and anyone who tries his best 7.deserves(deserve) the respect because he represents his or her country.So, get yourself 8.charged(charge) swiftly and go out to put up posters to advertise for the sports meet.Tell more people about the basis and mottos as well.
Ⅳ.写作——教材VS高考之四
你校一年一度的体育节将至，请你根据以下内容，用英语写一篇介绍奥运会的文章。
1．任何国家都可以参加；
2．选手要达到统一标准；
3．有志愿者提供帮助。
注意：1.词数不少于60；
2．至少使用5个所提示的关键词语。
提示词：ring, stand for, take part in, athlete, standard, admit, competitor, volunteer, take charge of
【参考范文】
The five rings on the Olympic flag stand for the five continents on the earth, which means any country can take part in the Olympic Games.But only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their events will be admitted as competitors.There are some volunteers as well who offer help to the Olympic Games, for example, taking charge of the accommodation of athletes.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When Kathrine Switzer became the first woman to enter the Boston Marathon with a number，in 1967，she knew she’d be chasing(追赶) history.She didn’t expect to be chased off the course.
At the time，women weren’t officially allowed to enter the race.To be accepted，Switzer signed up with her initials as “K.V.Switzer.”On race day，though，in lipstick and earrings，she took her place at the starting line.Switzer was at mile two when race manager，John Semple，ran up and tried to get her off the course，yelling，“Get the hell out of my race！” But with her boyfriend knocking Semple back，she fended off the official and finished in four hours and twenty minutes.
To mark the 50th anniversary of her barrier－breaking run，Switzer，now 70，plans to repeat the 26.2－mile journey this month.In the race，Switzer will wear the number 261，the same one the official tried ripping off from her 50 years ago.In her honor，the Boston Marathon will leave the number out in future races.
Switzer has 39 marathons under her belt，including coming in first in New York in 1974 and running in the Olympics in 1984.The last time she finished one in Boston was in 1976，two years after successfully campaigning to let women officially enter it.Her number might not show up in the Boston Marathon again，but Switzer’s movement goes beyond letting women enter that race.Founding a nonprofit international women’s running club，Switzer chose the name 261 Fearless.
“My goal is to reach women in places right now where they’re not allowed to leave the house alone，drive a car or get an education，”Switzer told CBS Boston.“If running can give them a sense of strength，where they are no longer victims and vulnerable，that’s what I hope it can do.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述第一个跑波士顿马拉松(1967年)的女性Kathrine Switzer克服困难并且不断努力创造马拉松的奇迹的故事。
1．How did Kathrine Switzer enter the Boston Marathon in 1967?
A．By dressing up as a male.
B．By yelling at the race manager.
C．By signing up with her initials.
D．By getting a runner off the course.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“At the time...as ‘K.V.Switzer’”可知，那时，女性是不允许参加比赛的，为了获取参赛资格，Kathrine Switzer报名时用的是缩写的名字K.V.Switzer，这样主办单位辨认不出她是男是女。故选C。]
2．What is John Semple’s attitude towards Switzer running the Marathon?
A．He was supportive of her participation.
B．He tried to get her out of the competition.
C．He unwillingly allowed her to finish her running.
D．He thought Switzer should have got official approval first.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“John Semple，ran up...out of my race！”可知，John Semple追赶Kathrine Switzer，大吼着要她退出比赛。故选B。]
3．Concerning the number 261，what can we learn from the text?
A．A running club was named after it.
B．It will be reserved for Boston Marathon.
C．Switzer wore it in all her Marathon races.
D．The Boston Marathon will honor it in future races.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Founding a nonprofit...the name 261 Fearless.”可知，在Switzer成立了一个非盈利的国际女性赛跑俱乐部，这个俱乐部就是以号码261而命名的。故选A。]
4．What’s Switzer’s goal in founding an international women’s running club?
A．To make profit out of it.
B．To honor her first Marathon.
C．To train more women to run Marathon.
D．To encourage women to win equal rights.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“My goal is to reach women...get an education”可知，Switzer成立女性赛跑俱乐部的目的就是让女性享有独立出门、开车和受教育的权利。故选D。]
B
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (比萨斜塔)has never stood straight. The building’s lean has puzzled engineers for hundreds of years. Engineers began building the bell tower in Italy in 1173. It took more than 200 years to finish. It was built on unexpectedly soft ground and the tower began to lean before it was done. The mistake has made the building one of the world’s strange sights.
How can something so unstable last for hundreds of years? The tower has survived two world wars, millions of visitors, and four strong earthquakes. Engineering Professor George Mylonakis wanted to know why. He studied the ground beneath the building and looked at how soil affects the building and how well it stands up.
Mylonakis and other engineers came up with an answer about the tower. The answer has to do with the soft ground under the tower. The engineers found other important reasons, too. The tower is very tall and is made of stone that makes it stiff. Its height and firmness combined with the softness of the foundation soil cause the vibrational (振动的) characteristics of the structure to be improved considerably in such a way that the tower does not resonate (共振)with earthquake ground motion. So during an earthquake, the tower does not shake as much as the earth under it.
Still, Mylonakis said the tower had almost fallen since it continued to lean more as the soft ground settled under it. In the early 1990s, it was in real danger of falling and the Italian government closed the tower to visitors and started to save it. Crews gradually began to take out small amounts of soil from the high north side. With less soil under it, that side of the tower sank slightly. Engineers also fixed equipment that allows them to make adjustments to the water pressure beneath the tower, further controlling how much the tower leans.
The building still leans. It just leans a bit less than before. Most importantly, the tower is no longer in danger. John Burland worked on the project to save the tower. He said it is highly unlikely that the soft ground under the tower will cause it to fall and only a very large earthquake would knock down the tower.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。工程学教授George Mylonakis通过研究探索了意大利比萨斜塔屹立不倒的可能原因。
5．What does the underlined word “stiff ” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Shaky. B．Sinking.
C．Solid. D．Splendid.
答案 C [词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The tower is very tall and is made of stone”和其后的“Its height and firmness”可推知，tall对应height，made of stone对应firmness，故此处表示比萨斜塔由石头筑成，这些石头使得它很坚固。故画线词与solid “坚固的，牢固的”意思最为接近。]
6．What measure was taken to save the tower in the early 1990s?
A．Limit the number of visitors.
B．Remove soil from two sides.
C．Monitor the amount of soil water.
D．Make the tower lower in the north.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Crews gradually began to take...sank slightly”可知，工作人员逐渐从斜塔较高的北边的下方挖出少量土壤，下方的土壤减少后，斜塔的北边便会微微下沉，故斜塔的北边会低一点。]
7．What do John Burland’s words suggest in the last paragraph?
A．The tower is safe in most cases.
B．The tower still leans in danger.
C．The tower may fall due to the soft ground.
D．The tower will stand even if large earthquakes hit.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He said it is highly unlikely that...knock down the tower”可知，John Burland认为比萨斜塔塔下的松软土壤导致它坍塌的可能性很小，只有发生非常严重的地震它才可能坍塌，故选A。]
C
(2019·杭州学军中学一模)The biggest challenge faced by travelers especially those who like to have a backpacking trip is how to ensure a steady supply of clean clothes.Now，thanks to a great invention called Scrubba Wash Pack，that worry may be a thing of the past.
The portable washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010，while planning to climb Mt.Kilimanjaro.Struck by the limited packing space，he got inspiration from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes.Then he quitted his career as a lawyer and focused on perfecting the bag’s design.By 2012，the bag was ready for the public.It weighed only 180 grams and required very little storage space，making it perfect for anyone wishing to travel light.
Not surprisingly，the bag worth 55 dollars was an instant hit with travelers，university students and even passengers.However，Newland was not satisfied.He still saw a flaw with his invention—dirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag! The recently introduced Scrubba Wash Pack solves that problem.
In order to make the pack active，dirty clothes are placed inside the bag along with two to three liters of water.The bag is then shut tightly to ensure all air is squeezed out and the clothes are massaged for a few minutes.After a quick wash，they are clean and ready to be dried.According to Newland，the pack can clean anything from jeans to smelly socks! What’s even more amazing is that with a capacity to hold 13－liter of water，it can be used to wash more clothes at a time.
The best part is that the 99－dollar pack that will be available for sale later this year，only weighs 300 grams and is completely foldable，making it easy to store when it’s not in use.With the Scrubba Wash Pack，wandering through foreign cities searching for a washing shop，or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是便携式洗衣袋发明创造及改良的经过。
8．What led Ash Newland to create the Scrubba Wash Bag?
A．His job requirements.
B．A traditional washboard.
C．His interest in invention.
D．His personal experience.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句中的“while planning to climb...to clean clothes”可知，Ash Newland在计划爬山时，因为行李箱空间有限，想发明一种能够用来洗衣服的袋子。因此这是因为他自己的经历才让他产生的想法。故选D。]
9．It can be inferred that the improved Wash Pack________．
A．turns out to be much environmentally friendlier
B．will replace the traditional washing machines
C．will be widely used by more travelers in the future
D．can encourage more people to travel a long distance
答案 C [推理判断题。从第四段和第五段关于该洗衣袋的性能的描述可以看出，该款洗衣袋给旅游者带来的好处，由此可以推测出它在市场上会受到旅游者的青睐，故选C。]
10．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To introduce a great new invention.
B．To explain the development of backpack.
C．To list some common problems for travelers.
D．To compare two kinds of washing machines.
答案 A [写作目的题。文章在开始就记叙了Ash Newland因为曾经旅途感受洗衣之困而发明了便携式洗衣袋，后面又详细地说明了该洗衣袋的好处，因此可以得知本文的写作目的是介绍便携式洗衣袋及其给旅游者带来的好处，它让旅游者对于旅途中洗衣的担心成为过去。故选A。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Are you tired of shopping for furniture and coming home empty－handed? Helpless for purchasing what simply is not a match for your home’s decoration? The following tips will help guide you on your furniture－buying journey.
If you want to purchase wood furniture, look for quality woodwork.__1__， it will not last very long. It is best to spend more to get a piece of furniture with some excellent woodwork on it.
Don’t ever purchase any large piece of furniture without first measuring it.__2__. Bring a tape measure when you shop for furniture and know in advance the special limitations you are working with.
__3__， think about how it will fit in with the rest of your decoration.It’s one thing to see a side table out while you’re shopping, but it’s another thing to bring it home and try to make it work with everything else you have. Think carefully before you buy.
__4__， realize and remember they might not be your best source of advice and information.They may be focused on customer service, but only to sell. An actual decorator is someone who can really help find the right furniture for your home.
The furniture has much to do with your home’s quality, and is what makes your home complete. __5__．
A．Make sure the furniture is green
B．When you buy a single piece of furniture
C．The furniture may have been poorly built
D．High－quality furniture can really affect a home
E．If nails(钉子) are used to keep a piece of furniture together
F．While it’s good to talk to the salespeople in furniture stores
G．Knowing where to show it means making sure it will fit there
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，文中介绍了购买家具的注意事项。
1．E [根据空前的“look for quality woodwork”和空后的“it will not last very long”可知，购买木制家具时要选优质的木制品，如果家具使用了钉子，那它可能用不了多久。所以选E项。]
2．G [根据空前的“Don’t ever purchase any large piece of furniture without first measuring it”和空后的“Bring a tape measure...limitations”可知，空处内容与家具尺寸是否适合准备放置的地方有关。所以选G项。]
3．B [根据空后的“It’s one thing to see a side table...with everything else you have”可知，购买单件家具时，要注意它是否与别的家具匹配。所以选B项。]
4．F [根据空后的“realize and remember...but only to sell”可知，虽然听听售货员的建议比较好，但他们的目的是出售家具，故空处与和售货员交谈有关。所以选F项。]
5．D [根据空前的“The furniture...is what makes your home complete”可知，家具和整个家有很大关系，高质量的家具更是对家有重要影响。所以选D项。]
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