2020版新一线高考英语（人教版）一轮复习教学案：第1部分选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity

Unit 1　A land of diversity

 [单词　拼写应用]

核心单词

1．means  n．手段；方法

2．hardship  n．苦难；困苦

3．boom  n．(人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi.处于经济迅速发展时期

4．occur  vi.发生；出现

5．luggage  n．行李

6．hire   vt.& n．租用；雇用

7．thankful  adj.感激的；感谢的

8．reform   vt.& vi.改革；革新 n．改良；改革；改造

9．grasp  vt.& n．抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会

10．customs  n．海关；关税；进口税

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．It just occurred(occur) to me that if we wanted to go to the seashore for our vacation，we had better make reservations in advance.

2．I am not certain whether I have grasped (grasp) what you meant.

3．Last year he hired(hire) three labourers to help his harvest.

4．In the meantime，mobile online shopping market is_booming (boom) in China，with an annual growth rate of 63.5%.

5．Whenever it is，we should keep a thankful (thank) heart towards everything existed.

6．Great changes have taken place since our country reformed (reform) and opened to the outside world 40 years ago.

拓展单词

1．major  adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．专业→majority  n．大多数；大半→(反义词)minority  n．少数

2．elect  vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election  n．选举

3．punish  v．处罚；惩罚→punishment  n．处罚；惩罚

4．cross n．十字；交叉 adj.交叉的；生气的 v．使交叉；横过→crossing  n．横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道→across prep.在……的对面(过)；朝；向

5．apply vi.申请→applicant  n．申请人→application  n．申请书；申请

6．indicate  vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication n．迹象；标示→indicator  n．指示器；指示信号

7．apparent  adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地

8．race n．种族；比赛→racial  adj.人种的；种族的

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．Apparently，she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident.(apparent)

2．One of the major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job.(major)

3．Parents shouldn't punish the children for small mistakes，because too much punishment will lead to their losing confidence.(punish)

4．“Walk across this street and turn left at the first crossing．” the boy told the lady.(cross)

5．All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply)

阅读词汇

1．strait  n．海峡

2．Arctic  adj.北极的；北极区的

3．federal  adj.联邦制的；联邦政府的

4．aircraft  n．飞行器；航空器；飞机

5．pole  n．地极；电极；磁极

6．vice  n．& adj.代理；副职

7．shave  v．刮；剃

8．tram  n．(有轨)电车

9．bakery  n．面包房；面包厂

10．seagull  n．海鸥

11．cattle  n．牛(总称)

12．mourn  v．哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛

13．nephew  n．侄子；外甥

拓展联想

1.单复数意义不同的名词小结

①custom (风俗)→customs (海关)

②manner (方式)→manners (礼貌)

③paper (纸)→papers (文件)

④art (艺术)→arts (文科)

⑤arm (手臂)→arms (武器)

⑥work (工作)→works (作品)

2.带后缀­ing的名词集锦

①crossing十字路口

②training  训练

③feeling  感觉

④wedding  婚礼

⑤marketing  促销

⑥spending  花销

⑦engineering  工程

3.后缀“­or”表示“人”的高频名词

①conductor售票员；列车员

②translator  翻译家；译者

③director  导演；主管

④educator  教育工作者

⑤editor  编辑

⑥inventor 发明家；发明者

⑦operator 操作员；接线员

熟词生义

你知道下面句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗？

1．She found herself rarely checking the social­networking site, letting days or even weeks slip by between visits. (时间)不知不觉地过去

2．Not once did it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. 想到

3．As visitors, the least we can do is be civil to the people in their own land. 彬彬有礼的；客气的

 [短语　多维应用]

[句式　结构仿写]

精讲4个考纲单词

1．means n．手段；方法

(1)单句语法填空

①Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing part­time jobs.

②Every possible means has_been_tried (try)，but none has worked.

③All possible means have_been_tried (try)，but none has worked.

④(2018·江苏卷)Time is money，but that principle means (mean) different things for different types of restaurants.

(2)[链接写作]——句式升级

(普通表达)Punishment is  by  no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.

(高级表达)By_no_means_is_punishment_a_wise_choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒装)

先理解再牢记

(1)by this means通过这种方法

by means of  用……办法；借助……

by all means  一定，务必；当然可以

by no means  决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)

(2)a means of communication  一种通讯/交流工具

(3)mean vt.意味着

[名师点津]　means 是单复数同形的名词，其谓语动词的数取决于means 前的修饰语：

①若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；②若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

2.majority  n．大多数；大半

(1)单句语法填空

①An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are (be) against it.

②(2016·北京卷)In fact，he inspires me to major in English in college，to be a bridge between China and the world.

(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级

(普通表达)When it comes to education，most people believe that it is a lifetime study.

(高级表达)When it comes to education，the_majority_of people believe that it is a lifetime study.

先理解再牢记

(1)a/the majority of...大多数……(谓语动词用复数)

be in a/the majority  构成大部分/大多数

(2)major  n．& v．专业；主修

major in  主修……；以……为专业

(3)minority  n．少数

in the minority  占少数

[佳句背诵]　(2016·天津卷)The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme.

3.occur vi.发生；出现

(1)单句语法填空

①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face，something occurred (occur) to me.

②It didn't occur to her to ask for help.

(2)[链接写作]——一句多译

他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。

①It_hit_him_that he had left his keys in the office.(hit)

②It_struck_him_that he had left his keys in the office.(strike)

先理解再牢记

sth.occurs to sb.某人想到某事

It occurs to sb.某人想到做某事

It strikes/hits sb.that...某人突然想起……

[佳句背诵]　I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.

4.indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示

(1)单句语法填空

①There is a great deal of evidence indicating (indicate) that listening to soft music can reduce stress.

②As is_indicated(indicate) in the survey，more and more people choose to travel abroad.

③The way a person is dressed in is a good indication (indicate) of his/her character or personality.

(2)[链接写作]——完成句子

图画显示，一个男孩坐在桌边专心读书。

As_is_indicated_in_the_picture，a boy is sitting at the table，absorbed in reading.

先理解再牢记

(1)indicate sth.(to sb.) (向某人)暗示某事

indicate that/wh­clause  表示……；示意……

(2)indication  n．暗示；表示；预兆

[佳句背诵]　(2016·四川卷)Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep.

诠释2个核心短语

1．make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等

(1)单句语法填空

①She had to look for part­time babysitting jobs these years to_make (make) a living.

②The village，which had seemed deserted，immediately came to life.

(2)[链接写作]——完成句子

汤姆是一位能靠打鱼谋生的人。

Tom is a man who can  make_a_living_by fishing.

先理解再牢记

(1)make a living learn one's living维持生计，谋生

(2)live/lead a ...life  过着……生活

come (back) to life  苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气

bring ...back to life  使……苏醒过来；给……活力

2.take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留

(1)写出下列句中take in的含义

①(2016·四川卷)The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.吸收

②Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺骗

③It was several minutes before I took in what he was saying.理解

④I managed to rent a house big enough to take in people.收留

(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级

(普通表达)I listened to the speech carefully，but I still couldn't understand.

(高级表达)I listened to the speech carefully，but I still couldn't take_anything_in．

先理解再牢记

take apart 拆开

take down 拿下，记下

take off  起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功

take on    呈现；雇用；承担

take over  接收；接管；取代

take up   占用；占据；开始从事

[佳句背诵]　(2018·浙江卷)Now that I have an advantage over other applicants，I'm eager to be taken on for this voluntary job.

突破1个高考句型

(教材P2)That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。

[要点提炼]　why...为表语从句，意为“这/那就是……的原因”。

(1)单句语法填空

①(2018·浙江卷)I have a good command of English and is easy to get along with.That's why I'm writing to apply for the job.

②The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.

(2)[链接写作]——一句多译

他有重要的事情要处理，这就是他没参加会议的原因。

①He had an urgent thing to deal with and that_was_why he didn't attend the meeting.

②He didn't attend the meeting and that's_because he had an urgent thing to deal with.

先理解再牢记

(1)That's why...那就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)

(2)That's because...那是因为……(because从句表示原因)

(3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……

[佳句背诵]　Tom was very lazy.That was why he never achieved anything in his life.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The government is made up of 120 officials elected ( elect) by the people of the country.

2．With the tourist trade booming (boom)，the residents of this area are paying more attention to the protection of nature.

3．The advertisement for engineers in the local paper attracted many applicants (applicant)．

4．Unluckily，she slipped (slip) and fell down from the upstairs.

5．In spite of difficulties，the mayor never abandoned reforming(reform) education system in our city.

6．She had looked everywhere for her children，but they were nowhere to_be_found (find)，which made her very worried.

7．Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive punishment(punish)．

8．The majority of the interviewees prefer (prefer)watching TV at home to going to the cinema.

9．To_keep (keep) up with a good state with your teachers and classmates，you should learn to be on good terms with them.

10．The bread was so hard；that's why we didn't eat it.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Emerson would always set down new ideas that were occurred to him.

去掉were

2．Father is thank to me for persuading him to give up smoking.

thank→thankful

3．We regret to inform you that our company has been hired another girl for the job of secretary.去掉been

4．Having punished by his boss，he was in a very bad mood.

Having后加been

5．In fact，I didn't realize its importance after I was elected the monitor.

去掉the

6．They settled down in Canada and made new life for themselves.

made后加a

Ⅰ.课文语法填空

根据P1－3课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.However，it is  likely 1.that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.

Scientists believe that these settlers 2.crossed(cross)the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.In the 16th century，after the 3.arrival(arrive)of the Europeans，the native people suffered 4.greatly(great)．

Thousands were killed or forced into 5.slavery(slave)．In addition，many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.However，some survived these terrible times，and today there are more Native Americans 6.living (live)in California than in any other state.

In the 18th century California  7.was_ruled(rule)by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century，when they fought against the native people and took 8.their land.

Two centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of 9.the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were 10.religious(religion) men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.

Ⅱ.写作改错双练

根据提示运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并改正学生习作。

1．众所周知，自从1978年改革以来，中国经历了移民大潮。(immigration)

2．据报道，成千上万的农民从农村涌向城市。(It is reported that...)

3．尽管辛苦，他们中的多数人都能适应城市生活。(make a life)

4．有些农民甚至申请到了城市居民权，享受和当地人一样的权利。(apply for)

5．他们通过努力工作为城市的繁荣做出了贡献，自己也过上了幸福的生活。(by means of；boom)

第一步：练写作

用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。

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第二步：练改错

下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。

As we all know，China experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978.It is reported that thousands of farmer from the countryside crowd into the cities，the majority of who can make a life in the cities despite great hardship.Some even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights of the local people.In addition，they have made a great contribution to the boom of the cities by means of work hard and live a happy life.

【答案】　

As we all know，China  experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978.It is reported that thousands of  from the countryside crowd into the cities，the majority of  can make a life in the cities despite great hardship.Some even have applied for the right to live

in the city and enjoy the same rights  the local people.In addition，they have made a great contribution to the boom of the cities by means of  hard and live a happy life.