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2020版新一线高考英语（译林版）一轮复习教学案：第1部分选修6Unit3 Understandingeachother
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Unit 3 Understanding each other
[单词 拼写应用]
核心单词
1．adjust vi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节
2．expectation n．期望，盼望
3．familiar adj.通晓；熟悉
4．ensure vt.保证，担保，确保
5．account n．描述，叙述；账目
6．alike adj.相像，十分相似 adv.十分相像地；同样地
7．retell vt.复述，转述
8．hug vt.&vi.&n.拥抱，抱紧
9．plain n．平原 adj.清楚的，明显的；坦诚的；朴素的
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．She sat in the chair，hugging(hug) her knees.
2．The government department concerned ensured(ensure) that timely action was taken to resolve the heating in winter.
3．Have you been to the Great plains(plain)?
4．It is a tale which has often been retold(retell) within West Indian literature.
5．It was a few moments before his eyes adjusted(adjust) to the bright glare of the sun.
6．Against all expectations(expectation)，she was enjoying herself.
拓展单词
1．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺词
2．permit vt.&vi.允许，准许， n．许可证→permission n．允许，许可
3．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止→prohibition n．禁止；禁令
4．religion n．宗教→religious adj.宗教的；虔诚的
5．accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的
6．celebrate v．庆祝→celebration n．庆典；庆祝活动
7．brave adj.勇敢的→bravery n．勇敢→bravely adv.勇敢地；极好地
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It took a while for her to accustom herself to the new school life. That meant after a while she became accustomed to living in the new school. (accustom)
2．The prohibition order means that French is prohibited in this school. (prohibit)
3．Even if you have a permit，I won't permit you to enter the hall without her permission. (permit)
4．He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others' religious freedom. (religion)
5．People celebrate the birthday differently. Mike's family are going travelling in celebration of Mike's 18th birthday. (celebrate)
阅读词汇
1．end-of-term n．学期末
2．bridegroom n．新郎
3．stove n．炉子，火炉
4．offence n．冒犯；侮辱
5．firework n．焰火，烟花
6．minority n．少数民族；少数(人)
7．feast n．盛宴，宴会；节日
8．mask n．面具 vt.伪装，掩饰
9．carve vt.雕刻
10．steam vt.&vi.蒸，蒸发 n．蒸汽
11．claw n．爪，爪子
12．roast vt.烤，烘焙 adj.烤的，焙的
13．mustard n．芥末；芥末酱
14．barbecue n．户外烧烤
15．arrow n．箭；箭头标记
拓展联想
1．拜访“金融”部落
①account 账目；账户
②budget 预算(案)
③capital 资金；资本
④cheque 支票
⑤interest 利息
⑥finance 财政，金融
2．“允许”与“禁止”
①permit v．允许
②allow v．允许
③forbid v．禁止
④ban v．&n.禁止
⑤prohibit v．禁止
3.打入“犯罪”团伙
①offence n．冒犯，犯罪
②crime n．违法行为或罪行
③criminal n．罪犯
④guilt n．犯罪，有罪
4．“适应/合”短语集合
①adjust(oneself) to
②adapt (oneself) to
③fit in
④fit in with
⑤agree with
5．“后缀-ation”高频名词
①celebration 庆祝；庆典
②congratulation 祝贺
③expectation 期望
④graduation 毕业；毕业典礼
⑤consideration 考虑
⑥conservation 保护；保护区
⑦appreciation 欣赏；感激
⑧adaptation 适应；改编本
⑨occupation 占领；职业
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语
1．take up 占据(时间或空间)
2．adjust to 适应
3．be familiar with 对……熟悉；通晓
4．have power over 控制，支配
5．get accustomed to(doing) sth. 习惯(做)某事
[语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填空
There are some differences between Chinese and Westerners' eating habits and some people have difficulty in ①being familiar with them nowadays.For example，Chinese ②get accustomed to sharing all the dishes together while Westerners ③adjust to having their plate of food alone. In addition，Chinese usually ④take up more time to have dinner than Westerners.
6．let alone 更不用说
7．show sb.around 带某人参观、游览
8．be aware of 知道，意识到
9．after all 毕竟，终究
10．meet with 遇见，碰到
[语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填空
Last week，I attended a wedding ceremony of one of my friends.After greeting the bridegroom and the bride，I was ⑤shown around their new home.Throughout the reception many fireworks were set off. Few of the people there could bear the noise，⑥let alone communicate with each other.After attending the ceremony，I dream of ⑦meeting with my Mr.Right.⑧After all，love is a light that never dims.
11．be home to 为……的所在地/栖息地/家园
12．provide...with... 给……提供……
13．be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
14．belong to 属于
15．congratulate sb.on sth. 祝贺某人某事
[语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填空
China is a vast country which ⑨is home to an amazing variety of landscape，plants and animals.It ⑩provides most countries of the world with various goods and though it ⑪belongs to developing countries，the whole world has witnessed its rapid and huge progress in many fields.Many national leaders ⑫congratulate our country on having made so many great achievements.
拓展联想
1．“v.＋up”短语大阅兵
①take up 占据(时间或空间)
②pack up 打包
③build up 逐渐增加
④bring up 抚养；使……长大
⑤set up 建立；竖立
⑥put up 建造；举起；张贴
⑦make up 组成；虚构；弥补；化妆
⑧come up 走近；上来；上升；被提出
⑨give up 放弃
⑩break up 打碎；拆散；结束
2.“be＋adj.＋with”高频短语
①be familiar with 对……熟悉
②be satisfied with 对……满意
③be mad with 因……发疯
④be bored with 厌烦……
⑤be busy with 忙于……
⑥be popular with 受……欢迎
⑦be angry with 对……发怒
⑧be strict with 对……要求严格
⑨be patient with 对……耐心
⑩be content with 对……满意
3.结识all相关短语
①after all 毕竟，终究
②in all 总共，合计
③all in all 总的来说，大体而言
④at all 根本；完全
⑤above all 首先，最重要的
⑥all along 一直，始终
⑦not at all 一点也不
⑧all the time 一直地
⑨all through 在整个……期间
⑩all one's life 终生；一辈子
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1．have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。
Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)无论何时你理解唐诗有困难，你都可以向我寻求帮助。
You can turn to me for help whenever you have trouble in understanding Tang poems.
2.One/The reason why...is that...意为“……的(一种)原因是……”。
One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)星期五下午我不能跟你一块去书店的原因是那天下午我有个重要的会议参加。
The reason why I can't go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon is that I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon.
3.dislike/like/hate/appreciate/depend on＋it＋宾语从句
They dislike it when people do not look at the cards，so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.
(2016·江苏卷满分作文)很多人不喜欢别人催促他们给那些他们甚至不在意的比赛进行网上投票。
Many people dislike it when they are urged to cast on-line votes for competitions that they even don't care.
精讲8个考纲词汇
1．ensure vt.&n.保证；担保
(1)单句语法填空
①We ensure fulfilling(fulfill) the task on time.
②Warm clothing will ensure us against/from suffering from the cold.
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)The teachers spared no effort to make sure that all students had an equal chance.
(高级表达)The teachers spared no effort to ensure that all students had an equal chance.
先理解再牢记
ensure sth.保证某事
ensure sb.sth.保证/确保某人(得到)某物
ensure doing...保证做……
ensure sb.from/against...保护某人免受……的伤害
ensure that...＝make sure that...确保/保证……
[佳句背诵] To ensure food safety，the government has promised to reduce the amount of chemicals used in food production.
2.congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺
(1)单句语法填空
①The letter arrived，congratulating me on/upon my graduation from the university.
②“Congratulations(congratulate) on your success in completing the experiment，”
she said.
③I warmly congratulated him on getting(get) the first place in the competition.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
我们祝贺他生意成功。
①We congratulated him on his success in business.(congratulate)
②We offered/sent our congratulations to him on business.(congratulation)
先理解再牢记
(1)congratulate sb.on/upon(doing) sth.祝贺某人(做了)某事
congratulate oneself(on sth.)(因成就或成功)为自己感到骄傲或自豪
(2)(send/offer) congratulations to sb.on sth.祝贺某人某事
Congratulations！恭喜！
[易混辨析]
congratulate
“祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulate sb.on/upon sth.
celebrate
举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语
[佳句背诵] They celebrated their 25th wedding anniversary yesterday，and many relatives and friends congratulated them on their silver wedding.
3.permit vt.&vi.允许，准许 n．许可证
(1)单句语法填空
①Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook(cook) in the kitchen.
②The reading room never permits taking(take) books out.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
如果天气条件允许，我们明天就去长城。
①If weather permits，we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(if从句)
②Weather permitting，we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(独立主格)
先理解再牢记
(1)permit (doing) sth.允许(做)某事
permit sb.(to do)sth.允许某人(做)某事
time/weather permitting
＝if time/weather permits 时间/天气允许的话
(2)a driver's/driving permit 驾驶执照
(3)permission n．允许；许可
without permission 未经许可
ask for permission 请求允许
[佳句背诵] She had asked the government for permission to move the books to a safe place，but they refused.
4.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止，不准；阻止
(1)单句语法填空
①He threw himself in front of the door and prohibited us from leaving.
②We prohibit smoking(smoke) in the office during working hours.
③There is a prohibition on/against tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
有必要禁止人们在一些场所使用手机。
①It's necessary to prevent/stop/keep people from using mobile phones in some places.(prevent/stop/keep...from)
②It's necessary to prohibit people's using mobile phones in some places.(prohibit...doing)
③It's necessary to prohibit people from using mobile phones in some places.(prohibit...from)
先理解再牢记
(1)prohibit(doing) sth.禁止(做)某事
prohibit sb.'s doing sth./prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
(2)a prohibition on/against ……的禁令
[联想发散] “禁止/阻止某人做某事”的表达还有：
①discourage sb. from doing sth.
②ban sb. from doing sth.
③prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
④keep sb. from doing sth.
⑤forbid sb. from doing sth.
⑥stop sb. (from) doing sth.
5．adjust vi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节
(1)用adjust的适当形式填空
All the new chairs are ①adjustable，which can ②be adjusted to the height of the individual student.In addition，the ③adjustment is very easy to operate.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
由于新的形势，他们不得不对计划进行了许多调整。
①Because of the new situation，they had to adjust to their plan a lot.
②Because of the new situation，they had to make many adjustments to their plan.
先理解再牢记
(1)adjust to (doing) sth.适应(做)某事
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……
adjust sth.to 调整某物以适应……
(2)adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
make an adjustment/adjustments to 对……做出调整
(3)adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的
[佳句背诵] She found it hard to adjust to working at night.
6.accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的
(1)单句语法填空
①I'm accustomed to listening(listen) to some light music before sleep.
②The students quickly accustomed themselves(they) to the new timetable，which excited the teachers.
③Accustomed(accustom) to living in the countryside，I found it hard to live in the city.
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)We had to get used to the new working conditions.
①(高级表达)We had to accustom ourselves to the new working conditions.(accustom)
②(高级表达)We had to get/become accustomed to the new working conditions.(accustomed)
先理解再牢记
(1)be accustomed to(doing) sth.
＝be used to (doing) sth.习惯(做)某事(表状态)
get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
＝get/become used to (doing) sth.习惯(做)某事(表动作)
(2)accustom oneself to (doing) sth.使自己习惯于(做)某事
[名师点津] 短语be/become/get accustomed to中的to是介词，其后需要跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
7.account n．描述，叙述；报道；账户 v．说明；解释；认为
(1)写出下列句中account的词性及含义
①He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened. n．描述
②Some banks make it difficult to open an account，especially for the old. n．账户
③She kept a detailed account of the suspect's movements. n．报道
④We all account him a qualified teacher，and he is also respected by his students.v.认为
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)I will never give up whatever difficulty I meet with.
(高级表达)On no account will I give up whatever difficulty I meet with.
先理解再牢记
(1)on account of 由于；因为
on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
open an account 开一个账户
(2)take...into account/consideration＝take account of 考虑……
(3)account for 说明(原因等)；(做出)解释；占……(比例)
(4)accountant n．会计
[联想发散] 表示“决不”的短语小结：
①in no case ②by no means
③at no time ④in no way
⑤under no circumstances
8.expectation n．期望；盼望
(1)单句语法填空
①She ate a light lunch in expectation of a good dinner.
②Contrary to expectations(expectation)，interest rates did not rise.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
He failed in the exam，and all of us had expected it.
①As expected，he failed in the exam.(用as从句改写)
②He failed in the exam，which was expected．(用which定语从句改写)
先理解再牢记
(1)meet/live up to one's expectations 不负某人所望
in expectation of 预料；期望
beyond (one's) expectations 料想不到
(2)expect (sb.)to do sth.预料(某人)做某事
as expected 正如所料；不出所料
[佳句背诵] It helps me learn a lot of new knowledge beyond (my) expectation.
诠释3个核心短语
1．let alone 更不用说，更别提
(1)单句语法填空
①Please let me alone．I need a quite place to think it over.
②At the sight of a snake lying on the ground，she let out a scream.
③If you fail in the exam，you will let him down．
④It remains unknown who let out the secret.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
他连自己的生活都难以维持，更不用说养家了。
He could barely keep body and soul together，let alone support his family.
先理解再牢记
let/leave sb.alone 不打扰某人，别烦某人
let/leave sth.alone 别碰某物；别管某事
let sb.down 使某人失望
let go (of) 放手，松手，放开，使自由
let out 使出去，放出；泄露(秘密)；发出
let in 使进来，进入
[名师点津] let alone一般用于否定句之后，其同义短语是not to mention，not to speak of，to say nothing of等。
2.take up占据(时间或空间)；开始从事；拿起；接受；继续
(1)写出下列句中take up的含义
①Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受
②We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占据
③She took up the story where Tim had left off.继续
④I always take up the book and read when I am in low spirits.拿起
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
我愿意把说过的话统统收回。
I will take back everything I said.
先理解再牢记
take in 吸收；领会，理解；欺骗
take back 收回(说过的话)；退回(货物)；与……重归于好
take down 写下；拆除
take on 呈现(新面貌)；开始雇用；承担责任
take off 脱掉；起飞；成功
take over 接任；接替；采用
[佳句背诵] Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
3.give out 放出；发出；分发；公布；发表；用完；筋疲力尽
(1)写出下列句中give out的含义
①The radio is giving out a strange signal.发出
②I saw a man giving out handbills in the street.分发
③Just as I approached the town，my legs finally gave out.筋疲力尽
④He has refused to give out any information on the matter.公布
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
他已把他的大部分钱捐赠给慈善事业。
He has given away most of his money to charity.
先理解再牢记
give away 泄露；赠送；捐赠
give in 上交；让步；投降
give off 发出
give up 放弃
give way to 让步
give voice to 表达对……的看法
[佳句背诵] (2016·天津卷)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice to her opinion on the subject.
突破2个高考句型
1．(教材P35)Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.许多外国人很难适应这种做法。
[句型公式] have trouble (in) doing sth.
(1)单句语法填空
①Some students have trouble with grammar while others have difficulty (in) remembering(remember) new words.
②You can't imagine the trouble/difficulty I had persuading(persuade) him to change his mind.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
不论什么时候学习遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。
①Please don't hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have trouble/difficulty with your study.
②No matter when you have trouble/difficulty in studying，please don't hesitate to ask for our help.
先理解再牢记
(1)have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，trouble为不可数名词，前面可加修饰词much，little，no等。
(2)trouble可换用difficulty(不可数名词)，意思不变。
(3)若trouble/difficulty后跟名词，常接介词with。
[名师点津] 对于句式have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.的考查，常把trouble/difficulty提前，后跟定语从句，省略介词in，导致have与后面的动名词连在一起，做题时要注意辨别。
2.(教材P38)One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.英语里有如此多的法语词汇的一个原因是法国人曾统治英格兰很长时间。
[句型公式] 在此句型One reason why...is that...中why引导定语从句修饰the reason；that引导表语从句，说明the reason的内容。
(1)单句语法填空
①The reason why he failed the exam was that he had been absent from the class for a long time.
②The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was that he didn't catch the first bus.
③The reason that/which he explained to us was that he hadn't read the book before.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)Because there was a lot of work to do，I didn't go to the cinema.
(高级表达)The reason why I didn't go to the cinema was that there was a lot of work to do.
先理解再牢记
(1)The reason for which/why...is that...……的原因是……
(2)That/This/It is why...“那就是为什么/因为……”，why从句表示结果
(3)That/This/It is because...“那就是因为……”，because从句表示原因
[佳句背诵] One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If you want to ensure your catching(catch) the plane，take a taxi.
2．He must be very happy to receive congratulations(congratulate) on his success.
3．The boy rushed off as soon as his father gave him permission(permit)．
4．It seems that local laws prohibit building(build) near the parks.
5．People have been accustomed to carrying(carry) a cell phone with them at any time.
6．How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework?
7．On account of lack of human protection，the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise (长江江豚) is becoming smaller and smaller.
8．I have much difficulty with maths and I am worried about it.
9．Boys are very much in a/the minority at the dancing class.
10．Each of the houses is slightly(slight) different.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅有一处错误)
1．The reason why he got so angry was because he found his son lying to him.because→that
2．He told me the difficulty he had worked in the remote village.worked→working
3．She came to congratulate me to my winning the first place in the English contest.第二个to→on
4．We must adjust ourselves to live in the changing society unless we want to be left behind.live→living
5．He was familiar with me but I couldn't think of his name at once.with→to
6．I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions in account.in→into
7．Mrs White showed her students some old maps borrowing from the library.borrowing→borrowed
8．He chose this company on account high pay.
account后加of
9．It impressed me what she remembered my name.what→that
10．Most members were in favor of the suggestion；only a minority was against it.was→were
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P34－35课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ma Li has to do her homework on 1．cultural(culture)differences. So she goes to the student center to interview others and find some information she needs.
People in the UK and the USA do the same thing when they get presents. They like to open them as soon as they get them. There are many 2.differences(different) in wedding ceremony. In Korea，guests are surprised 3.to find(find) that they have a live hen and a rooster 4.which/that are supposed to drive bad spirits 5．away from the wedding ceremony. In Brunei，a male guest has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men and 6.a female guest has to be with the bride and the other women in a different area. In addition，in many countries people point with their first finger.
7.While if you go to Brunei，you should point with 8.your (you) thumb instead of your first finger，which can cause 9．offence(offend)．
But what is really 10.interesting(interest) is that there are sometimes great cultural differences even between native English speakers. So remember when in Rome，do as the Romans do.
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
根据提示运用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文，并改正学生习作。
1．彼得去年来中国在北大学习一些中国文化，为了避免在适应校园生活方面产生的麻烦，他广交朋友，并请他们带他游览北京。(have trouble in，adjust，show around)
2．如果时间许可，他也向当地人学习一些餐桌礼仪，这当然会占用他的一些业余时间。(permit，take up)
3．他了解到中国人习惯于大家共吃一桌菜，而美国人则每个人吃自己餐具里的食物。(accustomed to，take...into account)
4．他认为要想保证一切顺利，熟悉中美文化的差异很重要。(be familiar with，ensure)
5．我认为他取得成功的原因是他不遗余力地做这件事。(the reason why...)
第一步：练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。
第二步：练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。
Peter came to China to learn some Chinese culture in Beijing university last year.To avoid having trouble in adjust to campus life，he made many friends and asked them to show him around Beijing.Time permits，he would also learn some table manners from the local people，which，of course，took up some of his spare time.He learned that Chinese get accustomed to share all the dishes together while Americans prefer to have food alone if we take eating into account.
He thinks it is very important to be familiar to the differences between China and America to ensure all things going right.I think the reason why he made such great achievements was because he spared no effort to do it.
【答案】
Peter came to China to learn some Chinese culture in Beijing university last year.To avoid having trouble in to campus life，he made many friends and asked them to show him around Beijing.Time ，he would also learn some table manners from the local people，which，of course，took up some of his spare time.He learned that Chinese get accustomed to all the dishes together while Americans prefer to have food alone if we take eating into account.
He thinks it is very important to be familiar the differences between China and America to ensure all things going right.I think the reason why he made such great achievements was he spared no effort to do it.
Unit 3 Understanding each other
[单词 拼写应用]
核心单词
1．adjust vi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节
2．expectation n．期望，盼望
3．familiar adj.通晓；熟悉
4．ensure vt.保证，担保，确保
5．account n．描述，叙述；账目
6．alike adj.相像，十分相似 adv.十分相像地；同样地
7．retell vt.复述，转述
8．hug vt.&vi.&n.拥抱，抱紧
9．plain n．平原 adj.清楚的，明显的；坦诚的；朴素的
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．She sat in the chair，hugging(hug) her knees.
2．The government department concerned ensured(ensure) that timely action was taken to resolve the heating in winter.
3．Have you been to the Great plains(plain)?
4．It is a tale which has often been retold(retell) within West Indian literature.
5．It was a few moments before his eyes adjusted(adjust) to the bright glare of the sun.
6．Against all expectations(expectation)，she was enjoying herself.
拓展单词
1．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺词
2．permit vt.&vi.允许，准许， n．许可证→permission n．允许，许可
3．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止→prohibition n．禁止；禁令
4．religion n．宗教→religious adj.宗教的；虔诚的
5．accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的
6．celebrate v．庆祝→celebration n．庆典；庆祝活动
7．brave adj.勇敢的→bravery n．勇敢→bravely adv.勇敢地；极好地
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It took a while for her to accustom herself to the new school life. That meant after a while she became accustomed to living in the new school. (accustom)
2．The prohibition order means that French is prohibited in this school. (prohibit)
3．Even if you have a permit，I won't permit you to enter the hall without her permission. (permit)
4．He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others' religious freedom. (religion)
5．People celebrate the birthday differently. Mike's family are going travelling in celebration of Mike's 18th birthday. (celebrate)
阅读词汇
1．end-of-term n．学期末
2．bridegroom n．新郎
3．stove n．炉子，火炉
4．offence n．冒犯；侮辱
5．firework n．焰火，烟花
6．minority n．少数民族；少数(人)
7．feast n．盛宴，宴会；节日
8．mask n．面具 vt.伪装，掩饰
9．carve vt.雕刻
10．steam vt.&vi.蒸，蒸发 n．蒸汽
11．claw n．爪，爪子
12．roast vt.烤，烘焙 adj.烤的，焙的
13．mustard n．芥末；芥末酱
14．barbecue n．户外烧烤
15．arrow n．箭；箭头标记
拓展联想
1．拜访“金融”部落
①account 账目；账户
②budget 预算(案)
③capital 资金；资本
④cheque 支票
⑤interest 利息
⑥finance 财政，金融
2．“允许”与“禁止”
①permit v．允许
②allow v．允许
③forbid v．禁止
④ban v．&n.禁止
⑤prohibit v．禁止
3.打入“犯罪”团伙
①offence n．冒犯，犯罪
②crime n．违法行为或罪行
③criminal n．罪犯
④guilt n．犯罪，有罪
4．“适应/合”短语集合
①adjust(oneself) to
②adapt (oneself) to
③fit in
④fit in with
⑤agree with
5．“后缀-ation”高频名词
①celebration 庆祝；庆典
②congratulation 祝贺
③expectation 期望
④graduation 毕业；毕业典礼
⑤consideration 考虑
⑥conservation 保护；保护区
⑦appreciation 欣赏；感激
⑧adaptation 适应；改编本
⑨occupation 占领；职业
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语
1．take up 占据(时间或空间)
2．adjust to 适应
3．be familiar with 对……熟悉；通晓
4．have power over 控制，支配
5．get accustomed to(doing) sth. 习惯(做)某事
[语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填空
There are some differences between Chinese and Westerners' eating habits and some people have difficulty in ①being familiar with them nowadays.For example，Chinese ②get accustomed to sharing all the dishes together while Westerners ③adjust to having their plate of food alone. In addition，Chinese usually ④take up more time to have dinner than Westerners.
6．let alone 更不用说
7．show sb.around 带某人参观、游览
8．be aware of 知道，意识到
9．after all 毕竟，终究
10．meet with 遇见，碰到
[语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填空
Last week，I attended a wedding ceremony of one of my friends.After greeting the bridegroom and the bride，I was ⑤shown around their new home.Throughout the reception many fireworks were set off. Few of the people there could bear the noise，⑥let alone communicate with each other.After attending the ceremony，I dream of ⑦meeting with my Mr.Right.⑧After all，love is a light that never dims.
11．be home to 为……的所在地/栖息地/家园
12．provide...with... 给……提供……
13．be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
14．belong to 属于
15．congratulate sb.on sth. 祝贺某人某事
[语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填空
China is a vast country which ⑨is home to an amazing variety of landscape，plants and animals.It ⑩provides most countries of the world with various goods and though it ⑪belongs to developing countries，the whole world has witnessed its rapid and huge progress in many fields.Many national leaders ⑫congratulate our country on having made so many great achievements.
拓展联想
1．“v.＋up”短语大阅兵
①take up 占据(时间或空间)
②pack up 打包
③build up 逐渐增加
④bring up 抚养；使……长大
⑤set up 建立；竖立
⑥put up 建造；举起；张贴
⑦make up 组成；虚构；弥补；化妆
⑧come up 走近；上来；上升；被提出
⑨give up 放弃
⑩break up 打碎；拆散；结束
2.“be＋adj.＋with”高频短语
①be familiar with 对……熟悉
②be satisfied with 对……满意
③be mad with 因……发疯
④be bored with 厌烦……
⑤be busy with 忙于……
⑥be popular with 受……欢迎
⑦be angry with 对……发怒
⑧be strict with 对……要求严格
⑨be patient with 对……耐心
⑩be content with 对……满意
3.结识all相关短语
①after all 毕竟，终究
②in all 总共，合计
③all in all 总的来说，大体而言
④at all 根本；完全
⑤above all 首先，最重要的
⑥all along 一直，始终
⑦not at all 一点也不
⑧all the time 一直地
⑨all through 在整个……期间
⑩all one's life 终生；一辈子
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1．have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。
Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)无论何时你理解唐诗有困难，你都可以向我寻求帮助。
You can turn to me for help whenever you have trouble in understanding Tang poems.
2.One/The reason why...is that...意为“……的(一种)原因是……”。
One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)星期五下午我不能跟你一块去书店的原因是那天下午我有个重要的会议参加。
The reason why I can't go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon is that I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon.
3.dislike/like/hate/appreciate/depend on＋it＋宾语从句
They dislike it when people do not look at the cards，so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.
(2016·江苏卷满分作文)很多人不喜欢别人催促他们给那些他们甚至不在意的比赛进行网上投票。
Many people dislike it when they are urged to cast on-line votes for competitions that they even don't care.
精讲8个考纲词汇
1．ensure vt.&n.保证；担保
(1)单句语法填空
①We ensure fulfilling(fulfill) the task on time.
②Warm clothing will ensure us against/from suffering from the cold.
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)The teachers spared no effort to make sure that all students had an equal chance.
(高级表达)The teachers spared no effort to ensure that all students had an equal chance.
先理解再牢记
ensure sth.保证某事
ensure sb.sth.保证/确保某人(得到)某物
ensure doing...保证做……
ensure sb.from/against...保护某人免受……的伤害
ensure that...＝make sure that...确保/保证……
[佳句背诵] To ensure food safety，the government has promised to reduce the amount of chemicals used in food production.
2.congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺
(1)单句语法填空
①The letter arrived，congratulating me on/upon my graduation from the university.
②“Congratulations(congratulate) on your success in completing the experiment，”
she said.
③I warmly congratulated him on getting(get) the first place in the competition.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
我们祝贺他生意成功。
①We congratulated him on his success in business.(congratulate)
②We offered/sent our congratulations to him on business.(congratulation)
先理解再牢记
(1)congratulate sb.on/upon(doing) sth.祝贺某人(做了)某事
congratulate oneself(on sth.)(因成就或成功)为自己感到骄傲或自豪
(2)(send/offer) congratulations to sb.on sth.祝贺某人某事
Congratulations！恭喜！
[易混辨析]
congratulate
“祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulate sb.on/upon sth.
celebrate
举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语
[佳句背诵] They celebrated their 25th wedding anniversary yesterday，and many relatives and friends congratulated them on their silver wedding.
3.permit vt.&vi.允许，准许 n．许可证
(1)单句语法填空
①Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook(cook) in the kitchen.
②The reading room never permits taking(take) books out.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
如果天气条件允许，我们明天就去长城。
①If weather permits，we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(if从句)
②Weather permitting，we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(独立主格)
先理解再牢记
(1)permit (doing) sth.允许(做)某事
permit sb.(to do)sth.允许某人(做)某事
time/weather permitting
＝if time/weather permits 时间/天气允许的话
(2)a driver's/driving permit 驾驶执照
(3)permission n．允许；许可
without permission 未经许可
ask for permission 请求允许
[佳句背诵] She had asked the government for permission to move the books to a safe place，but they refused.
4.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止，不准；阻止
(1)单句语法填空
①He threw himself in front of the door and prohibited us from leaving.
②We prohibit smoking(smoke) in the office during working hours.
③There is a prohibition on/against tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
有必要禁止人们在一些场所使用手机。
①It's necessary to prevent/stop/keep people from using mobile phones in some places.(prevent/stop/keep...from)
②It's necessary to prohibit people's using mobile phones in some places.(prohibit...doing)
③It's necessary to prohibit people from using mobile phones in some places.(prohibit...from)
先理解再牢记
(1)prohibit(doing) sth.禁止(做)某事
prohibit sb.'s doing sth./prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
(2)a prohibition on/against ……的禁令
[联想发散] “禁止/阻止某人做某事”的表达还有：
①discourage sb. from doing sth.
②ban sb. from doing sth.
③prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
④keep sb. from doing sth.
⑤forbid sb. from doing sth.
⑥stop sb. (from) doing sth.
5．adjust vi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节
(1)用adjust的适当形式填空
All the new chairs are ①adjustable，which can ②be adjusted to the height of the individual student.In addition，the ③adjustment is very easy to operate.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
由于新的形势，他们不得不对计划进行了许多调整。
①Because of the new situation，they had to adjust to their plan a lot.
②Because of the new situation，they had to make many adjustments to their plan.
先理解再牢记
(1)adjust to (doing) sth.适应(做)某事
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……
adjust sth.to 调整某物以适应……
(2)adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
make an adjustment/adjustments to 对……做出调整
(3)adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的
[佳句背诵] She found it hard to adjust to working at night.
6.accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的
(1)单句语法填空
①I'm accustomed to listening(listen) to some light music before sleep.
②The students quickly accustomed themselves(they) to the new timetable，which excited the teachers.
③Accustomed(accustom) to living in the countryside，I found it hard to live in the city.
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)We had to get used to the new working conditions.
①(高级表达)We had to accustom ourselves to the new working conditions.(accustom)
②(高级表达)We had to get/become accustomed to the new working conditions.(accustomed)
先理解再牢记
(1)be accustomed to(doing) sth.
＝be used to (doing) sth.习惯(做)某事(表状态)
get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
＝get/become used to (doing) sth.习惯(做)某事(表动作)
(2)accustom oneself to (doing) sth.使自己习惯于(做)某事
[名师点津] 短语be/become/get accustomed to中的to是介词，其后需要跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
7.account n．描述，叙述；报道；账户 v．说明；解释；认为
(1)写出下列句中account的词性及含义
①He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened. n．描述
②Some banks make it difficult to open an account，especially for the old. n．账户
③She kept a detailed account of the suspect's movements. n．报道
④We all account him a qualified teacher，and he is also respected by his students.v.认为
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)I will never give up whatever difficulty I meet with.
(高级表达)On no account will I give up whatever difficulty I meet with.
先理解再牢记
(1)on account of 由于；因为
on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
open an account 开一个账户
(2)take...into account/consideration＝take account of 考虑……
(3)account for 说明(原因等)；(做出)解释；占……(比例)
(4)accountant n．会计
[联想发散] 表示“决不”的短语小结：
①in no case ②by no means
③at no time ④in no way
⑤under no circumstances
8.expectation n．期望；盼望
(1)单句语法填空
①She ate a light lunch in expectation of a good dinner.
②Contrary to expectations(expectation)，interest rates did not rise.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
He failed in the exam，and all of us had expected it.
①As expected，he failed in the exam.(用as从句改写)
②He failed in the exam，which was expected．(用which定语从句改写)
先理解再牢记
(1)meet/live up to one's expectations 不负某人所望
in expectation of 预料；期望
beyond (one's) expectations 料想不到
(2)expect (sb.)to do sth.预料(某人)做某事
as expected 正如所料；不出所料
[佳句背诵] It helps me learn a lot of new knowledge beyond (my) expectation.
诠释3个核心短语
1．let alone 更不用说，更别提
(1)单句语法填空
①Please let me alone．I need a quite place to think it over.
②At the sight of a snake lying on the ground，she let out a scream.
③If you fail in the exam，you will let him down．
④It remains unknown who let out the secret.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
他连自己的生活都难以维持，更不用说养家了。
He could barely keep body and soul together，let alone support his family.
先理解再牢记
let/leave sb.alone 不打扰某人，别烦某人
let/leave sth.alone 别碰某物；别管某事
let sb.down 使某人失望
let go (of) 放手，松手，放开，使自由
let out 使出去，放出；泄露(秘密)；发出
let in 使进来，进入
[名师点津] let alone一般用于否定句之后，其同义短语是not to mention，not to speak of，to say nothing of等。
2.take up占据(时间或空间)；开始从事；拿起；接受；继续
(1)写出下列句中take up的含义
①Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受
②We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占据
③She took up the story where Tim had left off.继续
④I always take up the book and read when I am in low spirits.拿起
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
我愿意把说过的话统统收回。
I will take back everything I said.
先理解再牢记
take in 吸收；领会，理解；欺骗
take back 收回(说过的话)；退回(货物)；与……重归于好
take down 写下；拆除
take on 呈现(新面貌)；开始雇用；承担责任
take off 脱掉；起飞；成功
take over 接任；接替；采用
[佳句背诵] Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
3.give out 放出；发出；分发；公布；发表；用完；筋疲力尽
(1)写出下列句中give out的含义
①The radio is giving out a strange signal.发出
②I saw a man giving out handbills in the street.分发
③Just as I approached the town，my legs finally gave out.筋疲力尽
④He has refused to give out any information on the matter.公布
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
他已把他的大部分钱捐赠给慈善事业。
He has given away most of his money to charity.
先理解再牢记
give away 泄露；赠送；捐赠
give in 上交；让步；投降
give off 发出
give up 放弃
give way to 让步
give voice to 表达对……的看法
[佳句背诵] (2016·天津卷)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice to her opinion on the subject.
突破2个高考句型
1．(教材P35)Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.许多外国人很难适应这种做法。
[句型公式] have trouble (in) doing sth.
(1)单句语法填空
①Some students have trouble with grammar while others have difficulty (in) remembering(remember) new words.
②You can't imagine the trouble/difficulty I had persuading(persuade) him to change his mind.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
不论什么时候学习遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。
①Please don't hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have trouble/difficulty with your study.
②No matter when you have trouble/difficulty in studying，please don't hesitate to ask for our help.
先理解再牢记
(1)have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，trouble为不可数名词，前面可加修饰词much，little，no等。
(2)trouble可换用difficulty(不可数名词)，意思不变。
(3)若trouble/difficulty后跟名词，常接介词with。
[名师点津] 对于句式have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.的考查，常把trouble/difficulty提前，后跟定语从句，省略介词in，导致have与后面的动名词连在一起，做题时要注意辨别。
2.(教材P38)One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.英语里有如此多的法语词汇的一个原因是法国人曾统治英格兰很长时间。
[句型公式] 在此句型One reason why...is that...中why引导定语从句修饰the reason；that引导表语从句，说明the reason的内容。
(1)单句语法填空
①The reason why he failed the exam was that he had been absent from the class for a long time.
②The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was that he didn't catch the first bus.
③The reason that/which he explained to us was that he hadn't read the book before.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)Because there was a lot of work to do，I didn't go to the cinema.
(高级表达)The reason why I didn't go to the cinema was that there was a lot of work to do.
先理解再牢记
(1)The reason for which/why...is that...……的原因是……
(2)That/This/It is why...“那就是为什么/因为……”，why从句表示结果
(3)That/This/It is because...“那就是因为……”，because从句表示原因
[佳句背诵] One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If you want to ensure your catching(catch) the plane，take a taxi.
2．He must be very happy to receive congratulations(congratulate) on his success.
3．The boy rushed off as soon as his father gave him permission(permit)．
4．It seems that local laws prohibit building(build) near the parks.
5．People have been accustomed to carrying(carry) a cell phone with them at any time.
6．How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework?
7．On account of lack of human protection，the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise (长江江豚) is becoming smaller and smaller.
8．I have much difficulty with maths and I am worried about it.
9．Boys are very much in a/the minority at the dancing class.
10．Each of the houses is slightly(slight) different.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅有一处错误)
1．The reason why he got so angry was because he found his son lying to him.because→that
2．He told me the difficulty he had worked in the remote village.worked→working
3．She came to congratulate me to my winning the first place in the English contest.第二个to→on
4．We must adjust ourselves to live in the changing society unless we want to be left behind.live→living
5．He was familiar with me but I couldn't think of his name at once.with→to
6．I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions in account.in→into
7．Mrs White showed her students some old maps borrowing from the library.borrowing→borrowed
8．He chose this company on account high pay.
account后加of
9．It impressed me what she remembered my name.what→that
10．Most members were in favor of the suggestion；only a minority was against it.was→were
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P34－35课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ma Li has to do her homework on 1．cultural(culture)differences. So she goes to the student center to interview others and find some information she needs.
People in the UK and the USA do the same thing when they get presents. They like to open them as soon as they get them. There are many 2.differences(different) in wedding ceremony. In Korea，guests are surprised 3.to find(find) that they have a live hen and a rooster 4.which/that are supposed to drive bad spirits 5．away from the wedding ceremony. In Brunei，a male guest has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men and 6.a female guest has to be with the bride and the other women in a different area. In addition，in many countries people point with their first finger.
7.While if you go to Brunei，you should point with 8.your (you) thumb instead of your first finger，which can cause 9．offence(offend)．
But what is really 10.interesting(interest) is that there are sometimes great cultural differences even between native English speakers. So remember when in Rome，do as the Romans do.
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
根据提示运用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文，并改正学生习作。
1．彼得去年来中国在北大学习一些中国文化，为了避免在适应校园生活方面产生的麻烦，他广交朋友，并请他们带他游览北京。(have trouble in，adjust，show around)
2．如果时间许可，他也向当地人学习一些餐桌礼仪，这当然会占用他的一些业余时间。(permit，take up)
3．他了解到中国人习惯于大家共吃一桌菜，而美国人则每个人吃自己餐具里的食物。(accustomed to，take...into account)
4．他认为要想保证一切顺利，熟悉中美文化的差异很重要。(be familiar with，ensure)
5．我认为他取得成功的原因是他不遗余力地做这件事。(the reason why...)
第一步：练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。
第二步：练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。
Peter came to China to learn some Chinese culture in Beijing university last year.To avoid having trouble in adjust to campus life，he made many friends and asked them to show him around Beijing.Time permits，he would also learn some table manners from the local people，which，of course，took up some of his spare time.He learned that Chinese get accustomed to share all the dishes together while Americans prefer to have food alone if we take eating into account.
He thinks it is very important to be familiar to the differences between China and America to ensure all things going right.I think the reason why he made such great achievements was because he spared no effort to do it.
【答案】
Peter came to China to learn some Chinese culture in Beijing university last year.To avoid having trouble in to campus life，he made many friends and asked them to show him around Beijing.Time ，he would also learn some table manners from the local people，which，of course，took up some of his spare time.He learned that Chinese get accustomed to all the dishes together while Americans prefer to have food alone if we take eating into account.
He thinks it is very important to be familiar the differences between China and America to ensure all things going right.I think the reason why he made such great achievements was he spared no effort to do it.
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