2019版英语高三一轮复习系列江苏专用文档：第二部分语法核心突破第十三课时 学案

第十三课时　构词法[感 悟 高 考]1.They gave money to the old people’s home either________or through their companies.(2015·安徽卷)A.legally   B.sincerelyC.personally   D.deliberately答案　C　[句意：他们或者亲自或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。legally合法地，法律上；sincerely真诚地，由衷地，诚恳地；personally亲自，当面，个别地，就自己而言；deliberately故意地，谨慎地，慎重地。根据or through their companies可知personally为正确答案。]2.The girl used to be shy，but is ________ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015·湖北卷)A.gradually   B.usuallyC.previously   D.merely答案　A　[句意：这个女孩以前很害羞，但是正(逐渐地)在小组活动中变得积极起来，而且更愿意表达自己了。根据题干中的is和getting可知，这里表示循序渐进的过程，故选gradually(逐渐地)。usually通常；previously先前地；merely仅仅。][要 点 精 析]一、派生法1. 表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前缀例词dis-advantage→disadvantage缺点comfort→discomfort不舒适il-legal→illegal不合法的logical→illogical不合逻辑的im-patient→impatient不耐烦的moral→immoral不道德的in-formal→informal非正式的convenient→inconvenient不方便的ir-regular→irregular不规则的responsible→irresponsible不负责任的mis-lead→mislead误导understand→misunderstand误解un-willing→unwilling不愿意的happy→unhappy不高兴的后缀例词-lesshope→hopeless绝望的care→careless粗心的2. 变动词的前缀和后缀前缀例词en-large→enlarge扩大rich→enrich使充实；使丰富后缀例词-enbroad→broaden使变宽hard→harden使变硬-ifyclass→classify把……分类beauty→beautify美化-izeapology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调3.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加-ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加-lyextreme→extremely尤其，非常stupid→stupidly 傻地改y为-ilyhappy→happily快乐地merry→merrily 快乐地去e加-lytrue→truly真实地4.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort→shortage不足；短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效accurate→accuracy准确性-domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧-encedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默-nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点careless→carelessness粗心大意-thstrong→strength力气；强项wide→width宽度-ycruel→cruelty残忍-tydisable→disability无能；残疾-ityresponsible→responsibility责任5. 动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-alapprove→approval赞成；批准arrive→arrival到来-anceappear→appearance出现；外貌perform→performance表演；节目-enceexist→existence存在；生存refer→reference参考；查阅-ionconstruct→construction建设evaluate→evaluation评估-ationconsider→consideration考虑imagine→imagination想象力-(s)siondiscuss→discussion讨论；辩论admit→admission接纳；准许入学-inghear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开始-mentargue→argument辩论；论据equip→equipment设备-urefail→failure失败；没做到press→pressure压力-turemix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure离开；出发-yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现其他vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势6. 表示“人”的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。后缀例词-rvillage→villager村民strange→stranger陌生人-arlie→liar说谎者-eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇员interview→interviewee被面试者-orinvent→inventor发明家educate→educator教育家；教师-esssteward→stewardess 女乘务员host→hostess 女主人；女主持人-eseChina→Chinese中国人Japan→Japanese日本人-anAmerica→American美国人Australia→Australian澳洲人-ianhistory→historian历史学家politics→politician政治家；政客-istspecial→specialist专家tour→tourist旅行者；观光者-antparticipate→participant参加者assist→assistant助手；图书管理员7. 动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词-ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的-alperson→personal个人的；私人的nature→natural自然的；天生的-fulhope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的-edconfuse→confused感到困惑的bore→bored感到厌倦的-ingsurprise→surprising令人惊讶的convince→convincing令人信服的-ibleaccess→accessible容易到达的；容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的-iveeffect→effective有效的；生效的instruct→instructive有教育意义的-ousanxiety→anxious忧虑的curiosity→curious好奇的-sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的-ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的-erneast→eastern东方的；向东的west→western西方的；向西的-ishfool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的-icscience→scientific科学的history→historic历史上著名的-aryimagine→imaginary想象中的二、转化法不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。动词→名词walk→take a walk散步swim→have a swim游泳名词↔动词book n.↔v.预订milk n.↔v.挤奶形容词↔动词slow adj.↔v.减慢narrow adj.↔v.使变窄；(差距等)缩小形容词↔副词hard adj.困难的↔adv.努力地high adj.高的↔adv.高deep adj.深的↔adv.深wide adj.宽的↔adv.广阔地[针 对 训 练]用所给词的适当形式填空1.CHRONOLOGICA is an informative(inform)and entertaining(entertain)tour into history，beautifully(beauty) illustrated and full of unbelievable(believe) facts.(2017·江苏卷· 阅读A)2.The second principle is to loosen(loose)the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.(2017·江苏卷·阅读C)3.While clean energy is increasingly(increase) used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak. (2017·江苏卷·阅读D)4.Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness(reflect)can cool the planet.(2017·江苏卷·阅读D)5.But during the past decade declining rainfull has allowed him to plant highly profitable(profit) crops. (2017·江苏卷·阅读D)6.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is，no knowledge is useless (use).7.Curiously (curious)，I gave him my full attention.8.However，Mare Van Rijsselberg，a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a mixture (mix) of sea and fresh water to grow healthy and tasty vegetables.9.But such a small thing couldn’t possibly (possible) destroy a village.10.Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.I had no other choice (choose)，though.11.That little act of kindness (kind) made everyone who saw it feel good—but it made me feel the best of all!12.He sank into depression (depress) when both his parents left him and went to the south in search of a better-paid job.13.Several days later，out of my expectation (expect)，I saw it quietly stand in a corner of the house where I worked.I was extremely glad to regain it.14.As far as I am concerned，my suggestion (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.15.In addition，there were no claims against the loss (lose) of 50 coins and I order the girl and his father to take those 50 coins as appreciation for their honesty!