2019版英语高三一轮复习系列江苏专用文档：第二部分语法核心突破第二课时 学案

第二课时　形容词和副词[感 悟 高 考]1.Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death，smart-phones defeated ________ PCs in sales.(2017·江苏卷)A.controversial   B.contradictoryC.confidential   D.conventional答案　D　[句意：就是在乔布斯死后的五年，智能手机在销售上击败了传统的个人电脑。controversial有争议的；contradictory对立的，相互矛盾的；confidential机密的，秘密的；conventional传统的。故选D。]2.A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，________ if you are travelling at high speed.(2016·浙江卷)A.eventually   B.strangelyC.merely   D.especially答案　D　[句意：突然停下来是非常可怕的经历，尤其是你高速行驶时。此处用especially “特别，尤其”强调程度。]3.In this article，you need to back up general statements with ________ examples.(2016·浙江卷)A.specific   B.permanentC.abstract   D.universal答案　A　[句意：在这篇文章，你需要用具体例子来支持一般性陈述。specific具体的；permanent永久的；abstract抽象的；universal通用的。根据句意可知选A。][要 点 精 析]一、形容词、副词的辨析1.解决形容词和副词辨析类问题，一定要弄懂各个选项的词义和词性差别，并结合语境选择符合句意的单词。形容词在句中功能的问题，要通过分析句子结构来解决。We used to see each other regularly, but I haven’t heard from him since last year.我们原先经常见面，但是从去年开始我就一直没有他的消息了。The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.该研究缺乏可靠的证据，因此它的结论值得怀疑。2.除了副词词义辨析外，yet (但是), besides (此外，而且)，still (仍然), though (虽然), however (然而), meanwhile(与此同时)也是高频考点。解答此类题目首先要把握副词词义，然后采用句子翻译法，分析前后两句的逻辑关系，从而得出正确答案。Mike was usually so careful, yet this time he made a small mistake.迈克通常很仔细，但这次他犯了个小错误。二、形容词、副词的顺序1.副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough要放在被修饰词的后面。We only had $100 and that was nowhere near enough to buy a new computer.我们只有100美元。这笔钱远远不够买一台新电脑。2.副词修饰形容词的特殊词序：so as/how/that/too＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数可数名词。Come on, Maria! You can also enjoy as convenient a life as you have been dreaming of, if you don’t lose heart.加油，玛丽亚！你若不灰心，你也能享受到你梦想中的便利生活。3.几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.上周日，在户外我们一起玩得很开心。4.though副词，表示语义的转折，意为“然而”，常放在句子末尾。Playing on a frozen sports field sounds a lot of fun. Isn’t it rather risky, though?在结冰的场地上玩耍听起来很有趣，然而，这难道不是太冒险了吗？5.多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序是高考考查的重点，考生必须牢记下面的口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。It is said that the beautiful red stone building was designed by a famous Frenchman, who has designed thousands of excellent buildings all over the world.据说那个漂亮的红石头房子是由一位著名的法国人设计，他已在世界各地设计了成千上万的优秀建筑。三、形容词(短语)作状语形容词(短语)作状语时主要表示原因、伴随或方式等。He lay in bed, wide awake.他躺在床上醒着。We arrived home very late, safe and sound.我们回家很晚，安然无恙。四、形容词、副词的比较等级1.形容词、副词的原级比较(1)“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”与“not＋as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。①Actually, Jack is as old as Jim.事实上，杰克和吉姆(年龄)一样大。②He doesn’t run so/as fast as his younger brother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。(2)当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：·as＋形容词原级＋an＋可数名词单数＋as·as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as·as＋much＋不可数名词＋as①Today is as busy a day as yesterday.今天跟昨天一样忙。②Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书没有我的书多。(3)“as＋形容词原级＋as＋具体数字”表示“高/深/多……达……”。①The temperature here is as high as 39 ℃.这里的气温高达39摄氏度。②The building is as tall as 100 meters.这座楼高达100米。2.形容词、副词的比较级(1)比较级＋than...“比……更”；less...than“不如……”。Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library.在网上搜寻信息要比在图书馆里方便。(2)比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still, even, far, any (用于否定句或疑问句), a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等。—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.—Why? It’s far more interesting than the films I have ever seen.——我不得不说这部电影真的没意思。——为什么？它比我看过的所有电影都有意思。(3)the＋比较级，the＋比较级“越……，越……”。The earlier the treatment is given, the better the patient’s chances.病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。(4)the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”。Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。3.形容词、副词的最高级(1)三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among等。Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the best possible education.雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。(2)最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost等。This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen.这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。(3)最高级含义的其他表达法►“否定词语＋比较级”或“否定词语＋such/so ... as”结构表示最高级含义。—Do you think that the Chinese National Games were a success?—Yes, absolutely! It couldn’t be better.——你认为这届中国全运会成功吗？——是的，绝对成功！没有比它更好的了。►比较级形式表示最高级含义。比较级＋than＋Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.＝Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.＝Julia is the tallest girl in her class.朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(4)the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。The last thing they want is to work in the red areas where life is hard.他们最不乐意的是在生活艰难的红色区域里工作。五、倍数表达法常用的倍数表达法：·倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as·倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than·倍数＋the＋名词＋of·倍数＋what从句Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.＝Our classroom is three times larger than theirs.＝Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.这条路的长度是三年前的4倍。[解 题 策 略]1.形容词词义辨析法形容词的考查在高考试题中比较多，在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。In this lecture，I can only give you a purely ________ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.A.private   B.personalC.unique   D.different答案　B　[根据词义可以快速排除C“独特的”和D“不同的”，只有A和B比较接近。private 私人的，私下的；personal 个人的；personal view表示“个人观点”。]2.副词词义辨析法副词的考查在高考试题中比较多，在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。具体来说，要注意：①一些副词的具体含义；②一些副词在具体句子中的辨析。(1)—Volunteering is becoming ________ popular in China.—Yeah，people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.A.naturally   B.successfullyC.splendidly   D.increasingly答案　D　[句意：——志愿者活动在中国变得越来越受欢迎了。——是的，人们开始意识到帮助别人就是帮助他们自己。naturally自然地，理所当然地；successfully成功地；splendidly华丽地，壮观地；increasingly逐渐地，慢慢地。](2)Do you think shopping online will ________ take the place of shopping in stores?A.especially   B.frequentlyC.merely   D.finally答案　D　[especially 特别，尤其；frequently 经常；merely 仅仅；finally 最终。句意：你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗？][针 对 训 练]1.I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________ in the coming years.(2016·浙江卷)A.little more   B.no moreC.much more   D.many more答案　D　[句意：我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动，希望在来年能参加更多。many more后省略了events。根据句意可知选D。]2.I’m so ________ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.(2015·安徽卷)A.special   B.superiorC.grateful   D.attractive答案　C　[句意：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我愉快地结束了糟糕的一天。special特殊的；superior更好的；更高的；grateful感激的；attractive有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情，故选C。]3.It was ________ of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(2015·福建卷)A.careless   B.considerateC.patient   D.generous答案　B　[句意：Michael通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb to do sth这一结构。careless粗心的；considerate考虑周到的；patient有耐心的；generous慷慨的，大方的。]4.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment，he has to hurry a little if he wants to be ________.(2015·湖北卷)A.accurate   B.punctualC.efficient   D.reasonable答案　B　[句意：尽管会议大厅靠近他的公寓，如果他想要守时，他还是要快一点。accurate精确的；punctual准时的，守时的；efficient高效的，生效的；reasonable合理的。故选B。]5.I don’t think what he said is ________ to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.(2015·湖北卷)A.faithful   B.parallelC.relevant   D.similar答案　C　[句意：我认为，他说的话与我们讨论的主题无关，他偏离了重点。be faithful to忠诚于；be parallel to与……平行，与……类似；be relevant to与……相近，与……相关；be similar to与……相似。故选C。]6.These computers don’t work________；they are connected with each other，so everyone can reach his friend’s computer.A.partly   B.brieflyC.separately   D.automatically答案　C　[句意：这些电脑不是单独工作，它们互相连接着，所以每个人都能进入朋友的电脑。根据句意可知选C项“单独地”。partly部分地；briefly简要地；automatically自动地。]7.With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a(n) ________ way of reaching target customers.(福建卷)A.temporary   B.complexC.accurate   D.efficient答案　D　[句意：随着网上购物的快速流行，网络被看作是获得目标消费者的最有效的方法。efficient 有效的，故选D项。temporary暂时的；complex复杂的；accurate精确的。]8.Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldn’t have found it ________.(江西卷)A.nowhere   B.howeverC.otherwise   D.instead答案　C　[句意：“多谢你指点去那所房子的路，否则我们就找不到了。” nowhere无处；however然而；otherwise否则，别样地；instead代替。故选C。]9.What was so ________ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.(湖北卷)A.awful   B.essential C.impressive   D.obvious 答案　C　[句意：关于Jasmine Westland的胜利，令人印象深刻的是她光着脚第一个冲向了终点。awful讨厌的，可怕的；essential基本的，必要的；impressive印象深刻的；obvious 明显的。故选C。]10.Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a ________ smile and let him go.(湖北卷)A.cautious   B.grateful  C.tolerant   D.wild答案　C　[句意：她没有指责打破花瓶的男孩，而是给他一个宽容的微笑，让他走了。cautious谨慎的；grateful感激的；tolerant宽容的；wild野生的。故选C。]11.I can’t meet you on Sunday.I’ll be ________ occupied.(江苏卷)A.also   B.just C.nevertheless   D.otherwise答案　D　[句意：我星期天不能见你，因为到时我将会有其他的事要忙。also也……；just恰好；nevertheless然而，不过；otherwise另外；在其他方面，根据语境可知选D。]12.It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and，________，supply more jobs.(安徽卷)A.however   B.anywhereC.therefore   D.otherwise答案　C　[句意：我们将在市场中起更重要的作用，因而能提供更多的工作，这是我们的希望。however 然而，表示转折；anywhere 在任何地方；无论何处；therefore因此，表示因果关系；otherwise否则，要不然的话。根据句意应选C。]13.Instead of hiding behind walls，a defender sometimes must ________ engage and disable enemy forces before they strike.A.flexibly   B.activelyC.primitively   D.conservatively答案　B　[句意：防御者有时不应该躲在墙后，而必须积极主动地在敌军发动进攻之前攻击敌军，使他们溃不成军。A项意为“灵活地”；B项意为“主动地；积极地”；C项意为“最初地”；D项意为“保守地；谨慎地”。根据题意可知选B。]14.Despite the failure of his business，he remains optimistic and ________ untroubled by his problems.A.hopefully   B.approximatelyC.seemingly   D.frequently答案　C　[句意：尽管生意失败，但他依旧乐观，貌似没有被他的问题所困扰。seemingly意为“看来似乎，貌似”；hopefully意为“充满希望地”；approximately意为“大约”；frequently意为“经常地”。]