2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第3部分第一节第五讲　定语从句的写作

第五讲　定语从句的写作根据所掌握的定语从句的知识，熟练地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求。定语从句属于较为复杂的语法结构，根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用定语从句有助于提高写作的得分。定语从句在句中作定语修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫作先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。一、定语从句关系词的基本用法　　关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中充当的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物或事主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语as人、物或事主语、宾语whose人或物定语关系副词when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语 As the saying goes，“All roads lead to Rome.”正如谚语所说：“条条大路通罗马”。We will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July, which will makes us very excited.我们将参加今年7月由你们学校举办的夏令营，这使得我们非常激动。二、运用定语从句的注意事项运用定语从句必须注意两点：由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现；定语从句与简单句一样，也要求句子结构既正确又完整。将下列每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句，并分析定语从句中的成分。①The foreigner is from Canada.He visited our class yesterday.→The foreigner     is from Canada.②Mrs.Wang is the teacher.Her son was admitted to Peking University.→Mrs.Wang is the teacher    .③Our teacher told us such a story.It moved us all to tears.→Our teacher told us such a story  　　.④I will never forget the days.We worked in that small town in those days.→I will never forget the days    .三、as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句是写作中出现频率很高的一种句式，其用法如下：(1)关系代词as用于限制性定语从句时，常出现在固定句型as…as(和……一样大/高/深)，the same…as(和……一样/同类)，such…as(诸如……)中。①Such books  　　 should not be published.②I bought the same dress    .(2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语、宾语等，as引导的从句可在主句前、也可在主句后，且有“正如”之意。虽然which也有此用法，但它引导的定语从句位于主句后。①  ，he is very successful as a writer.②We collected money for these poor children， 　.③She always criticized Tom，   .(3)as常用于以下固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料)；as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)；as is known to all(众所周知)；as has been said before(如上所述)；as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)。As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.众所周知，月球每个月绕地球转一周。As is mentioned above，I will devote myself entirely to my senior high school life.正如上面所提到的一样，我将会全身心投入到我的高中生活。Ⅰ.把下列每题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句1．Winter is the time of year.The days are short and nights are long._____________________________________________________________2．He hasn't got enough money.He can buy the computer with it._____________________________________________________________3．The wolves hid themselves in the places.They couldn't be found._____________________________________________________________4．The freezing point is the temperature.Water changes into ice at the temperature._____________________________________________________________5．That tree is very old.Its branches are almost bare._____________________________________________________________【答案】1.Winter is the time of year when the days are short and nights are long.　2.He hasn't got enough money with which he can buy the computer.　3.The wolves hid themselves in the places which couldn't be found.　4.The freezing point is the temperature at which water changes into ice.　5.That tree whose branches are almost bare is very old.Ⅱ.用定语从句完成句子1．Anyone ________________ may speak out.(against)任何反对这个观点的人都可以说出来。2．He has lost the key to the drawer ____________________________.(keep)他丢了放置文件的抽屉的钥匙。3．He is not ____________________.(a fool)他不像看上去的那么傻。4．The number of the people who __________________.(own)拥有车的人的数量正在增加。5．__________________ yesterday，the murderer had been sentenced to life in prison.(report)正如昨天报道的那样，那名杀人犯已经被判处无期徒刑了。【答案】1.who is against the opinion　2.where the papers are kept　3.such a fool as he looks　4.own cars is increasing　5．As was reported Ⅲ.用定语从句翻译句子1．我赞同苏珊，她的文章让我想起了我当作家的父亲送给我的一支笔。(whose，who)_____________________________________________________________2．一年一度的将于7月15－17日举行的英语节，正在为Talent Show, Speech Contest和English Debate节目招募20名服务的志愿者。(which)_____________________________________________________________3．我将组织一些校园活动，像英语晚会，这是一个学生可以展示英语的平台。(where)_____________________________________________________________4．另外，每个学生都可以与外国朋友和谐相处，这使得你与他们相处变得更加容易。(which)_____________________________________________________________5．正如我们老师所指出的一样，当我们有不同观点的时候，我们可以为对方再考虑一下。(as)_____________________________________________________________【答案】1.I agree with Susan，whose article reminds me of my gift，a pen，given by my father，who is a writer.　2.Our annual English Festival, which will be held on June 15—17,  is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show, Speech Contest, and English Debate.　3.I will organize some campus activities，like“English Evening”，a platform where students can show their English.　4.In addition，every student can be in harmony with foreign friends，which makes it easier for you to get along with them.　5.As is pointed out by our teacher, we should consider it again for each other when we have different views.Ⅳ.阅读下面这篇短文，根据短文内容，用定语从句进行改写Dear Editor，I'm writing to tell you about the very discussion.We had a discussion about charging entrance fee for parks.Some students are against it.They take up 60%.The park is a public place.People can enjoy themselves in the park here.If people must buy a ticket, a gate and walls have to be built for a park.It will make a city look ugly.Some students are in favor of the idea.They take up 40%.They think ticket selling can make some money.With the money, we can pay the gardeners in the park and buy some other kinds of flowers and trees.Yours truly，Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Editor，I'm writing to tell you about the very discussion (that) we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged.Those who are against it take up 60%，for a park is a public place where/in which people can enjoy themselves.What's more，if a ticket must be bought，a gate and walls have to be built for a park, which will make a city look ugly.On the contrary, those who are in favor of the idea take up 40%.In their opinion, ticket selling can make some money，with which we can pay the gardeners in the park and buy some other kinds of flowers and trees.