2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第3部分第一节第八讲　高级词汇与高级句式的润色升级

第八讲　高级词汇与高级句式的润色升级英语句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句；按种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；按其功能可分为强调句、省略句和倒装句；按语气可分为陈述语气和虚拟语气。英语像汉语一样，表达同一个意思，可用不同句式和不同词语。下面介绍常用的8种方法。一、使用介词短语写作时，为了增加句子的色彩，常常使用介词短语来取代相应的动词和句子，从而使句子更加具有弹性和简洁性。1．We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and dogs give us their all.→We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and in return dogs give us their all.2．It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money because they do them a favor.→It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them.二、使用动词短语写作时，常常使用动词短语，使平凡的句子更加生动。1．We all think he is a great man.→We all think highly of him.2．As a result, the plan was a failure.→The plan turned out to be a failure.三、使用特殊句型写作时，常常使用倒装句、强调句、感叹句、并列句等，从而体现短文的感情色彩。1．I was very happy to receive your letter.→How happy I was when I received your letter!2．What you said disappointed him.→It was what you said that disappointed him.3．They met the young man as soon as they got to the station.→Hardly had they got to the station when they met the young man.→No sooner had they got to the station than they met the young man.四、使用副词副词，如hopefully，thankfully，eventually，surely等的使用，可以使句子变得更具表现力。1．A large number of people were present at the meeting，which was out of our expectation.→Unexpectedly，a large number of people were present at the meeting.2．In the past，people thought that the earth was the middle of the universe.→Previously，the earth was thought to be the centre of the universe.五、使用with复合结构使用with＋宾语＋宾补(介词短语、副词、非谓语动词)结构，可以使句子变得简洁。1．Because there is nothing left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.→With nothing left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.2．As more and more forests are being cut down, some species are dying out.→With more and more forests cut down, some species are dying out.六、使用虚拟语气使用虚拟语气可以使句子变得更加富有情感色彩。1．I didn't take enough money，so I didn't buy that bike.→If I had taken enough money I would have bought that bike.2．It's time for us to take measures to protect the wild animals.→It's high time that we took measures to protect the wild animals.七、使用新颖的词汇写作时要恰当得体地使用一些蕴含感情色彩，别人有可能想不到的词汇，恰当地求新求异。1．As far as I'm concerned, parents' much protection will do more harm than good to children's future development.→As far as I'm concerned, parents' limitless protection will do more harm than good to children's future development.2．I received your e­mail last week, but I am busy preparing for my final exam, which is important for me, so I didn't reply to you without delay.→I received your e­mail last week, but I am busy preparing for my final exam, which is vital for me, so I didn't reply to you without delay.八、使用被动语态1．We will have selected about thirty volunteers to the Mars throughout the world.→About thirty volunteers will have been selected to the Mars throughout the world.2．I'm delighted to know that the Shanghai Museum will organize a famous art exhibition and you are collecting opinions of the public as to selecting the location for the exhibition，which encouraged me to write to express my ideas.→I'm delighted to know that a famous art exhibition will be organized by the Shanghai Museum and opinions of the public are being collected as to selecting the location for the exhibition, which encouraged me to write to express my ideas.Ⅰ.用较高级句式转换下列句子1．All the lights are on，the square looks more beautiful.(with的复合结构)_____________________________________________________________2．If it is necessary，we will build a primary school for the village.(省略句)_____________________________________________________________3．He didn't go to bed until his wife came back.(强调句)_____________________________________________________________4．She didn't know he had committed a crime.(感叹句)_____________________________________________________________5．I had hardly arrived at the station when the train departed.(倒装句)_____________________________________________________________6．They carried out a survey among 260 students.(被动语态)_____________________________________________________________7．Because I was ill that day.I didn't take part in the sports meeting.(虚拟语气)_____________________________________________________________8．They didn't realize the importance of environmental protection until all the fish in the river died out.(倒装句式或强调句)_____________________________________________________________【答案】1.With all the lights on，the square looks more beautiful.　2.If necessary，we will build a primary school for the village.　3.It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.　4.She didn't know what a crime he had committed.　5.Hardly had I arrived at the station when the train departed.　6.A survey was carried out among 260 students.　7.I was ill that day.Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.　8.Not until all the fish in the river died out did they realize the importance of environmental protection.或： It was not until all the fish in the river died out that they realized the importance of environmental protection.Ⅱ.句子翻译1．作为一名学生，我可以告诉你没有什么比让我的老师当众表扬我更高兴的事情了。(比较级和否定词连用)_____________________________________________________________2．如果我能比现在年轻三岁的话，我将强烈推荐自己设立更多的可行的明确的目标。(虚拟语气)_____________________________________________________________3．我将会问他是什么使得他那么杰出。(名词性从句)_____________________________________________________________4．在我看来，在高中阶段学习态度非常重要。(强调句)_____________________________________________________________5．因为我还没有完成作业，我没能及时向他提供我的帮助。(分词作状语)_____________________________________________________________6．如果真的那样的话，我将会过着充满朝气和生机勃勃的生活。(省略句)_____________________________________________________________7．有考试要担心，我睡得一点也不好。(with的复合结构)_____________________________________________________________8．当今，违反交通规则和随处扔垃圾现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了危害。(动名词作主语和现在分词作状语)_____________________________________________________________【答案】1.As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.　2.Were I three years younger than I am now, I would strongly recommend me that I set more practical and specific goals.　3.I would ask him what made him so outstanding.　4.In my opinion，it is the attitude towards to study that matters.　5.Not having finished my homework，I didn't offer him my help in time.　6.If so，I will be living  an active and energetic life then.　7.With the exam to worry about，I couldn't have a sound sleep.　8.These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment. Ⅲ.根据括号中的要求，用不同句式或词语改写画线部分的句子，并体会改动后的效果Last Sunday，I went sightseeing with my friends in the park.1.Upon entering the park，we were attracted by the beautiful scenery there.But a displeasing picture entered my eyes.2.On the boat were two young tourists 3.eating, talking and laughing loudly.They neglected the existence of the sign，4.which said “Don't Litter！” They were throwing rubbish, and even spitting into the lake，5.without realizing their behavior had done great damage to the beauty of the park.This is a common sight in some public places.6.Littering pollutes the environment and bad manners ruin the beauty of tourist attractions.Dear friends，mind your behavior in public places.7. Only in this way can we live in a beautiful home with the blue sky，blue water and green land forever.1．改为when引导的时间状语从句_____________________________________________________________2．句子不使用倒装形式_____________________________________________________________3．改为简单句_____________________________________________________________4．改为简单句_____________________________________________________________5．改为简单句_____________________________________________________________6．改为as引导的定语从句_____________________________________________________________7．不使用倒装形式_____________________________________________________________【答案】1.When we entered the park　2.Two young tourists were on the boat　3.they were eating，talking and laughing loudly　4.and it said “Don't Litter！”　5.they didn't realize their behavior had done great damage to the beauty of the park　6.As we know，littering pollutes the environment and bad manners ruin the beauty of tourist attractions　7.In this way we can live in a beautiful home with the blue sky，blue water and green land forever.