2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book6　Unit2　Whatishappinesstoyou

Book 6　Unit 2　What is happiness to you?
晨读暮诵　单元话题——兴趣与爱好

1．hobby n．爱好
2．devotion n．奉献
3．magazine n．杂志
4．instrument n．乐器
5．collection n．收藏品；收集
6．outing n．短途旅行；远足
7．sightseeing n．观光；游览
8．relaxation n．放松
9．gifted adj.有天赋的
10．energetic adj.精力充沛的
11．prefer v．更喜欢；宁愿
12．be fond of/be keen on喜欢
13．feel like doing sth.想要做某事
14．have/show an interest in对……有兴趣
15．be/get used to习惯于
16．be crazy about对……狂热
17．be addicted to沉迷于
18．have a strong desire to do sth.有一种去做某事的强烈欲望
19．have fun玩得高兴
20．get excited about 为……激动

1．A wide variety of interests and hobbies will broaden our horizons, enrich the after­school life and make us relaxed.
丰富多彩的兴趣爱好将开阔我们的视野，充实我们的课余生活，还能使我们放松。
2．A proper hobby does not occupy students' too much time.In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all their time on their study.As an old saying goes，“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”
一个适当的爱好并不会占用学生太多的时间。事实上，他们把全部的时间都用到学习上会有害健康，正如俗话所说：“只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。”
3．Collecting stamps not only gives me satisfaction，but also helps me relax myself under the great pressure from studies.
集邮不仅给我满足感，而且帮助我在学习的巨大压力下放松自己。
4．My parents think that playing basketball takes too much time and energy，which are supposed to be spent on study.
我的父母认为打篮球花费太多的时间和精力，而这些时间和精力本该花在学习上。
5．I enjoy my hobby.It offers me an opportunity to do something interesting and creative.Meanwhile, it provides me with a source of pleasure.
我享受着我的爱好。它提供给我一个做既有趣又有创意的事的机会，同时它还是我快乐的源泉。

(2015·高考重庆卷)Bookcrossing.com是一个面向全球的图书分享网站。该网站组织的分享活动有两种参与方式：一是自由分享(wild release)，即把书放在指定地点，由其他参与者自由获取；二是定向分享(controlled release)，即直接传递给另一位参与者。
假设你是李华，请用英文写信申请参加。内容应包括：
·表明写信目的
·选择一种分享方式
·简述做出该选择的理由
·希望了解更多信息
注意：词数不少于80。
[参考范文]
Dear Sir/Madam，
Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide，I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.
You've introduced two ways to share books: wild release and controlled release.Of the two, the latter wins my favor.By the means of controlled release，I only need to deliver books to other participants, not only are books shared but it can build up a bridge connecting readers from different parts of the world as well.
If you could provide more specific information，I would be well grateful. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua


[高频词汇]
1．________(vt.) 围绕，环绕
2．________(n.) 疼痛，痛苦；折磨
3．________(adj.) 青少年的；地位(或职位、级别)低下的
4．________(adj.) 严重的；严厉的，严格的；艰巨的
5．________(n.) 感激，感谢；欣赏；理解；(艺术方面的)鉴定，评估
6．________(vt.) 完成，实现
7．________(vt.) 拥护；支持；提倡
8．________(adj.) 短暂的；暂时的
9．________(adv.) 径直地；直接地
10．________(vt.& vi.) 服从，听从，顺从
11．________(n.) 天资，天赋；天才
12．________(vt.) 分配
13．________(adj.) 足够的；合乎需要的
14．________(vt.& vi.) 停止；放弃；离开
15．________(adj.) 清晰的，生动的，鲜明的
16．________(vt.) 预言，预告，预报
17．________(adj.) 即食的，方便的；立刻的
18．________(adj.) 最多的，最大的；(n.) 最大值，最大极限
19．________(adj.) 最少的，最小的；(n.) 最小值，最小极限
20．________(adj.) 成熟的；(vi.) 成熟；使充分发展
【答案】1.surround　2.suffering　3.junior　4.severe
5．appreciation　6.accomplish　7.advocate　8.temporary　9.directly　10.obey　11.talent　12.allocate　13.adequate
14．quit　15.vivid　16.predict　17.instant　18.maximum
19．minimum　20.mature
[派生词汇]
1．________(vi.& vt.) (使)适应；改编→________(n.) 适应；改写本
2．________(adj.) 令人钦佩的；令人羡慕的；值得赞美的→________(v.) 钦佩；称赞，赞美→________(n.) 钦佩者；爱慕者
3．________(vt.) 陪伴，陪同；伴随；为……伴奏→________(n.) 公司；陪伴，作伴
4．__________(n.)动力，动机→ __________(vt.)激励，激发；成为……的动机→________(adj.)积极的，主动的
5．________(vt.) 帮助，协助(adj.) 助理的；副的→________(n.) 助手；助教→________(n.) 帮助；支持
[词缀归纳]
depth是由“形容词deep＋后缀­th”构成，原形容词发生了变形。常见的含有后缀­th的高频名词有：length长度；warmth温暖；truth真理；width宽度；growth成长；strength力量；力气；长度。
【答案】1.adapt；adaptation　2.admirable；admire；admirer　3.accompany；company　4.motivation；motivate；
motivated　5.assist；assistant；assistance
[语境活用]
1．His eighth book came out earlier this year and was an ________(立刻的)best­seller.
2．Nowadays, healthy lifestyles are being________(提倡)in society.
3．If you had________(遵守) orders, this disaster wouldn't have happened.
4．In a different context we might have been able to develop certain________(天赋)and qualities.
5.She________(放弃)her job from management position and then launched a store selling facility stuffs.
6.He swam to the drowning boy and________(帮助) him to climb onto the bank.
7.These are the cells that________(直接地)attack and kill micro­organisms.
8．It will be many years before anyone can________(预测) a hurricane's behavior with much accuracy.
【答案】1.instant　2.advocated　3.obeyed　4.talents
5．quitted　6.assisted　7.directly　8.predict

1．be surrounded ________　　被……环绕
2．apart ________ 远离，和……不在一起；除了
3．cheer ________ 高兴起来，振作起来
4．________ good spirits 心情好
5．adapt ________ 适应；改编；使适合
6．go ________ 追求；谋求
7．be accompanied ________ 伴随有，附有，带有
8．________ one's own 独自，单独；独立地
9．head ________ 朝……方向(地方)行进，前往
10．________ one's relief 使某人欣慰的是
11．feel caught ________ 在……之间感到左右为难
12．ahead ________ 在……前面；早于
13．quit ________ sth. 停止做某事
14．________ that point 在那时，在那个阶段
15．________ a rush 匆忙地，急切地
16．assist sb.________ sth. 帮助某人做某事
17．believe________ 信任，相信
【答案】1.by　2.from　3.up　4.in　5.to　6.after　7.by
8．on　9.for　10.to　11.between　12.of　13.doing
14．at　15.in　16.with　17.in
[语境活用]
1.Now that I live________my own, I get to deal with my duties without being told to.
2.Having settled in that remote area, the young man quickly adapted ________ the weather.
3．Apart ________ industrial use, plastics have found wide application in our daily life.
4.Before the party had been going half an hour, everyone was________good spirits.
5.I do hope she can cheer________and accept the challenge of life bravely.
6.Go________your goals and don't be afraid to ask for assistance.
7.Much________ our relief, all the difficulties were overcome by us through our efforts.
8.Spreading her wings, the bird headed________ the island.
9.When you believe in somebody, don't be________ a rush to change your mind.
10.If we had been spotted________that point, I don't know what would have happened to us.
【答案】1.on　2.to　3.from　4.in　5.up　6.after　7.to　8.for　9.in　10.at

1. [原句]　By the time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games, she had been a junior gymnast for eleven years.
[点拨]　介词by意为“到……为止”，常与完成时态连用。
[仿写]　使我非常高兴的是，我想出去的时候，雨就停了。
Much to my joy，it had stopped raining ________________ I wanted to go out.
2. [原句]　I have received letters from so many people，all expressing their concern.
[点拨]　all expressing their concern是一个由“逻辑主语＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。
[仿写]　每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。
________________，the teacher began his class.
3. [原句]　It feels like allocating adequate time for each is just not practical.
[点拨]　句型it feels like…意为“似乎；感觉好像……”，本句中like后接一个宾语从句。
[仿写]　感觉好像我以前来过这里。
_____________________________________________________________
4. [原句]　All I had to do was go to school and spend a few hours studying when I came home.
[点拨]　句中go和spend前省略了to，此处是不定式短语作表语。当主语部分有实义动词do时，作表语的不定式常省略to。
[仿写]　我们唯一能做的就是过一种多姿多彩的生活。
The only thing (that) we can do is ________________.
【答案】1.by the time　2.Everyone being ready　3.It feels like I've been here before.　4.(to) live a colorful life

第一板块　核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．surround vt.围绕，环绕
(1)surround…with…　　　　使……包围……
be surrounded by/with… 被……包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 环境，周围的事物
①Tom was sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.
汤姆坐在地板上，周围摆满了箱子。
②The buildings have been designed to blend in with their ________.
这些建筑物设计巧妙，与周围环境浑然一体。
【答案】②surroundings
[巧学助记]
Once upon a time, a king who was very polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by tall trees and with wonderful surroundings.
从前，在一个大树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一个国王，他对邻邦十分友好。
2．adapt vi.& vt.(使)适应；改编；改造；改装
(1)adapt (oneself) to　　　　使……适应于……
(2)adapt sth.from 根据……改编某物
be adapted for 为……而改写/改编
(3)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的
adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本
①Not only has she adapted herself to the fast rhythm of city life, but she is becoming more and more outgoing.
她不仅已经适应了快节奏的城市生活，而且变得越来越开朗。
②Children all like animated cartoons adapted ________ fairy tales.
孩子们都喜欢看由神话改编的动画卡通片。
【答案】②from
[温馨提示]　(1)adapt (oneself) to中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。
(2)adopt与adapt形式相近，但它意为“采纳，采用；收养”。

(2014·高考江西卷，书面表达)对你们所有的新生，如何适应新环境是你们必须面对的首要事情。
[翻译]　To all of you，fresh students，how to adapt yourselves to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.
3．accompany vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随；为……伴奏
(1)accompany sb.to sp.　　　　　陪伴某人去某地
accompany sb.at/on 为……伴奏
be accompanied by 由……陪同
(2)company n．[U] 陪伴，作伴
keep sb.company 陪伴某人
①Jane was willing to accompany you to the park for a walk.
简愿意陪你去公园散步。
②Only the stars kept little Shun company when he returned home at night.
在夜晚小顺回家时，唯有星光陪伴着他。
③If she sang，he would accompany her ________ the piano.
如果她唱歌的话，他就会弹钢琴为她伴奏。
【答案】③on/at
[温馨提示]　accompany在作动词“陪伴”讲时，经常用于accompany sb.to sp.结构，但不能用accompany sb.to do sth.这一结构。
4．quit vt.& vi.停止；放弃；离开；辞去(工作)；辍学
quit(doing) sth.　　　　　　停止(做)某事
quit office/school/one's job 离职/退学/辞掉工作
①I wish you'd all quit complaining.
我希望你们都别抱怨了。
②She had no option but to ________ in order to take care of her child.
为了照顾孩子，她别无选择，只好辞职。
【答案】②quit her job
5．advocate vt.拥护；支持；提倡
advocate (doing) sth.　　　　　　主张(做)某事
advocate that…(should)do sth. 主张……
①We advocate ________ international dispute by negotiation，instead of appealing to arms.
我们主张通过协商解决国际争端，而不主张诉诸武力。
②Many experts advocate that children should be rewarded for their good behaviour.
很多专家主张孩子们应该因其良好表现而得到奖励。
【答案】①solving
6．assist vt.帮助，协助
(1)帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n．　　　　　　帮助，援助
come/go to sb.'s assistance 来/去帮助某人
with the assistance of 在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助手
　　　adj. 助理的；副的
①Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries.
有两个人正配合警方的询问。
②Local villagers assisted the doctors ________ looking after the people injured in the bus crash.
当地村民帮助医生照料在车祸中受伤的人们。
③Despite his cries，no one came to his ________.
尽管他大声喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。
【答案】②in　③assistance
7．instant adj.即食的，方便的；立刻的n.瞬间，片刻
(1)for an instant　　　　　　　　一瞬间
in an instant 一会儿，马上，立刻
the instant… 一……就……
(2)instantly adv. 马上，立即
　　　　conj. 一……就……
①The instant(＝Instantly/As soon as/Immediately) I reached the platform, the train began to move.
我一到站台，火车就开动了。
②In ________ instant the rain stopped and the sky cleared up.
须臾之间，雨过天晴。
【答案】②an
8．apart from远离，和……不在一起；除了，除……之外(还有)
take…apart　　　　　　将……拆卸/拆开
tell…apart 把……区别/分辨开
be torn apart 被彻底毁灭
fall apart 破裂；崩溃；断裂；散开
set…apart 使……与众不同
①Apart from working and sleeping，the thing Americans do the most is watching TV—5 hours a day on average.
除了工作和睡觉，美国人做得最多的事就是看电视——平均每天5个小时。
②These two signatures are so similar that we can hardly tell them ________.
这两个签名非常相似，我们几乎不能把它们区分开来。
③There was one boy rather noticeably standing apart ________ the other children.
有个男孩引人注目地独自站在一边，不接近其他孩子。
【答案】②apart　③from
9．in good spirits心情好，兴高采烈
in high spirits　　　　　兴高采烈，情绪高涨
in low/bad spirits 沮丧，情绪低落
out of spirits 没精打采
keep up one's spirits 使某人打起精神来/振作精神
lift one's spirits 振奋某人的精神
①They were all in high spirits，for they had got another good harvest.
他们都兴高采烈，因为他们又获得了好收成。
②I'm in bad spirits at the thought of starting all over again.
想到一切都得从头再来，我感到沮丧。
③They need lots of laughs to keep their spirits ________.
他们需要一些开心的事来打起精神。
【答案】③up
10．go after追求，追赶；谋求
go against　　　反对；违反
go ahead 开始，继续；进行；干吧
go by (时间)过去
go in for 从事，爱好
go over 检查；复习
go through 检查；通过；经历
go without 没有……也行，没有……而勉强应付
①If you want a fulfilling and passionate life, you have to go after it.
如果你想要充实和富有激情的生活，你必须要去追求。
②Let's go ________ all the lessons we have learnt this term before the exam.
让我们在考试之前把我们这学期学过的所有课程复习一下吧。
③As the days went ________，survivors were left with few options and little hope.
日子一天天过去，幸存者们渐渐地绝望了，他们几乎没有选择的余地。
【答案】②over　③by
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Ben，as a new immigrant from China，found it hard to adapt ________ the American life.
2．________________(warn) of danger in the street at night，she had to go home with a friend accompanying her.
3．________(surround) by beautiful green mountains and situated at the foot of Huangshan Mountain makes Tai Ping Lake a famous tourist attraction.
4．A team of nurses ________(assist) the doctor in performing the operation on the boy wounded in the earthquake.
5．Some high school teachers strongly ________ (advocation) the reform of the current educational system to make students develop in an all­round way.
6．Millions of people around the world suffer from a painful addiction to biting their nails，which can be harder ______(quit) than smoking cigarettes.
7．Apart ________ the cold，thin air and low oxygen levels also can cause mountain sickness.
8．—What will we do tomorrow?
—It is unclear whether the meeting will go ________ as planned.
9．—Would you mind going to the movies by yourself tonight?
—With no one ________ (accompany) me at night，I am afraid I will feel lonely in the theatre.
10．________ (accomplish) his research paper，Professor Reagan experienced various hardships and loneliness on the Antarctic exploration for nearly half a year.
【答案】1.to　2.Having been warned　3.Being surrounded
4．assisted　5.advocate　6.to quit　7.from　8.ahead
9．to accompany　10.To accomplish
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．She offered to assist them the marketing of the product.
_____________________________________________________________
2．If you really want my advice，I do think you should quit do that.
_____________________________________________________________
3．The freshman has not yet adapted him to the life here.
_____________________________________________________________
4．He remains in good spirit，and everyone in our class wishes him a very speedy recovery.
_____________________________________________________________
5．You're heading to disaster if you go on with her.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.them后加with　2.第二个do→doing　3.him→himself　4.spirit→spirits　5.to→for
第二板块　经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
All I had to do was go to school and spend a few hours studying when I came home.
我要做的事情就是上学，以及回家后再学习几个小时。
句中and连接的省略to的不定式短语“go to school”和“spend a few hours…”作表语。当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略不定式符号to。
不定式作表语时省略to的常见情况：
(1)all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
①All we need to do ________ each day with passion.
我们需要做的事就是充满激情地过好每一天。
(2)what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
②What you must do __________ where your strengths and weaknesses lie.
你必须做的是考虑你的强项和弱点分别在哪里。
(3)(主句)主语为the only，the first，the least或形容词最高级等或主语被这些词修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
③The first thing he did was (to) finish his homework after school.
放学后他做的第一件事是完成作业。
【答案】①is (to)live　②is (to) consider

(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ，书面表达)作为你的好朋友，我唯一能做的事情就是帮你快速提高你的汉语。
[翻译]　As your good friend, the only thing I can do is to help you improve your Chinese quickly.
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．Now you needn't do anything but fill in the form.
→All you have to do now ________ the form.
2．I have no choice but to accept the fact that she has lied to me.
→The only thing ______________ the fact that she has lied to me.
3．To tell her the truth is the only thing that I'll do.
→The only thing I'll do ________ her the truth.
【答案】1.is fill in　2.I can do is (to) accept　3.is (to) tell
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面的小作文。
1．对于幸福，不同的人有不同的观点。(as for)
2．一些人有钱，他们认为自己幸福。
3．另外一些人有很多朋友，所以他们感觉幸福。
4．还有一些人因为生活有意义而感到幸福。(meaningful)
5．对于科学家来说，一个发现或发明远比其他任何东西能给他带来极大的满足和幸福。(rather than)
【参考范文】
As for happiness，different people have different ideas.Some people are rich，and they think they are happy.Other people have many friends，so they feel happy.Still others are happy because their lives are meaningful.For a scientist，a discovery or an invention rather than anything else gives him great satisfaction and happiness.


[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(湖南省2018届高三三十四校联考第二次考试)The first drawings on walls appeared in caves thousands of years ago.Later the Ancient Romans and Greeks wrote their names and protest poems on buildings.Modern graffiti seems to have appeared in Philadelphia in the early 1960s, and by the late sixties it had reached New York.The new art form really took off in the 1970s, when people began writing their names, or “tags”， on buildings all over the city.In the mid­seventies it was sometimes hard to see out of a subway car window, because the trains were completely covered in spray paintings known as masterpieces.
In the early days, the “taggers” were part of street crowds who were concerned with marking their territory (领地)．They worked in groups called “crews” and called what they did “writing”—the term “graffiti” was first used by The New York Times and the novelist Norman Mailer.Art galleries in New York began buying graffiti in the early seventies.But at the same time that it began to be regarded as an art form, John Lindsay, the then mayor of New York, declared the first war on graffiti.By the 1980s it became much harder to write on subway trains without being caught, and instead many of the more established graffiti artists began using roofs of buildings.
The debate over whether graffiti is art or deliberate damage is still going on.Peter Vallone, a New York city councilor, thinks that graffiti done with permission can be art, but if it is on someone else's property it becomes a crime.“I have a message for the graffiti destroyers out there，” he said recently, “and your freedom of expression ends where my property begins.” On the other hand, Felix, a member of the Berlin­based group Reclaim Your City, says that artists are reclaiming cities for the public from advertisers, and that graffiti represents freedom and makes cities livelier.
For decades graffiti has been a springboard to international fame for a few.Jean­Michel Basquiat began spraying on the street in the 1970s before becoming a respected artist in the 1980s.The Frenchman Blek le Rat and the British artist Banksy have achieved international fame by producing complex works with stencils (模板), often making political or humorous points.Works by Banksy have been sold for over ￡100,000.Graffiti is now sometimes big business.
1．Why was the 1970s an important decade in the history of graffiti?
A．That was when modern graffiti first appeared.
B．That was when modern graffiti first became really popular.
C．That was when graffiti first reached New York.
D．That was when graffiti first appeared on subway car windows.
2．What does the underlined word “taggers” in the second paragraph mean?
A．Names of people who graffitied.
B．Buildings where paints were sprayed.
C．People who marked surface with graffiti.
D．People who were interested in graffiti.
3．What can we know from the third paragraph?
A．New Yorkers think graffiti is art.
B．Graffiti was accepted by officials completely.
C．Buildings can be covered with graffiti freely.
D．There were once advertisements on city surface.
4．What is the author's final opinion about graffiti?
A．Graffiti has now become mainstream and can benefit artists.
B．Graffiti is not a good way to become a respected artist.
C．Some popular graffiti artists end up being ignored by the art world.
D．Some graffiti caused inconvenience to the local environment.
【答案与解析】
1．B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知在1970s这种涂鸦艺术开始流行起来，当时人们开始在城市各处的建筑物上写下他们的名字或“标签”。上世纪70年代中期的火车上也涂满了人们的杰作。故选B。
2．C　词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句和第二段第一句可知taggers指的是在街上或建筑物上写名字涂鸦的那群人，故选C。
3．D　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知艺术家们正在从广告商那里收回城市，由此可知城市曾经被广告占据，到处都是广告。故选D。
4．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句以及下文三个因涂鸦成名的例子，可知作者认为涂鸦艺术在发展过程中成了主流，成就了许多艺术家。故选A。
B
As an American artist and writer of children's books，Tasha Tudor's art and nineteenth­century lifestyle have fascinated adults and children for decades.She received many awards and honors for her contributions to children's literature.When people talk about her creativity in artwork，she said，“I do it to support my dogs and my four children.”Her great publishing record，the number of magazine stories that have been written about her over the years，and her admirers have no effects on her at all.
Much of Tasha's artwork and her reading are done in the wintertime.“I love winter，It's delightful，”she says.“I don't have to go anywhere because I work at home.If I'm snowed in，I can stay this way for months.” She hopes for early，deep snow to protect her garden from the hardship of the New England winter，and when it comes she puts on snowshoes when she needs to get down the mile­long dirt path that leads to the road.
Given her enjoyment of winter and her fantasy(梦幻) way of life，it's not surprising that Tasha's Christmas is a storybook holiday.She hangs flowers over the front door.Her tree comes from the woods, and it goes up on Christmas Eve，lit by homemade candies and decorated with her great­grandmother's collection that dates from 1850.In a place of honor on the tree are large cookies cut into the shapes of her animals.
The grandchildren and friends get presents from Tasha's old dolls; so do the animals and they have their own Christmas tree.“Of course，it's a known fact that all the animals talk on Christmas Eve，”she has written.Small，handmade gifts fill a big wooden box.
At the end of each year，Tasha can look back and know that her life is perfect，that she has again ignored the twentieth century，and that the magic continues.And for the rest of us，here's a bit of advice，Tasha style：“Nowadays，people are so restless.If they took some tea and spent more time rocking on the porch(门廊) in the evening listening to light music，they might enjoy life more.”
5．Tasha loved winter because it allowed her to________.
A．read stories to her grandchildren
B．show her DIY snowshoes to kids
C．stay indoors working and reading
D．enjoy bicycle riding along the path
6．From the passage，we can learn that Tasha's life is________.　
A．modern and fashionable
B．simple and fantastic
C．lonely and hard
D．adventurous and inspiring
7．Which of the following is TRUE about Tasha?
A．She cared little about fame.
B．She created an animal fund.
C．She wrote many stories for magazines.
D．She bought presents for her relatives.
8．In which section of a paper can you probably read the article?
A．Travel.　　　　　　　 B．Sports.
C．Economy. D．People.
【答案与解析】
5．C　细节理解题。根据第二段“I don't have to go anywhere…”可知冬天她能够在家里工作和读书，故C为正确选项。
6．B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知她的生活很简单；根据第三段可知她过着梦幻般的生活。
7．A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“她的崇拜者对她没任何影响”可知A为正确选项。
8．D　推理判断题。本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了美国一位著名的艺术家和儿童插画家。
C
(2018郑州二模)Our success，satisfaction and general happiness in life is not dependent on what happens to us but how we deal with it.
You will probably know from personal experience what a difference your attitude can make when，for example，you're returning faulty goods or making a complaint.An open，polite and friendly approach，expecting a satisfactory result，normally results in one as people tend to respond with a similar attitude.If，however，you present an argument with an angry，accusing tone，expecting trouble，there is little doubt that this is what you'll get!
Some people see the world through a filter of optimism and some through a filter of pessimism(悲观) which largely comes down to having a positive or negative (消极的) attitude.People who are suffering from a negative attitude primarily think that something can't be done; they talk about problems，see all the difficulties，find fault with and criticize other people and focus on all the things they would like but haven't got.On the contrary，people blessed with a positive attitude think that anything is possible.They look for ways to solve the problems，they see the good in everybody，and they are grateful for all the good things in their lives.
Whether suffering from or blessed with your attitude，this is not something that is put on us from the outside.We are very much responsible for our own attitude.We all start out with a “clean” board but this can get muddied by our experiences in life.As children we are made fun of and even get bullied (欺侮) and rejected，start to experience doubt and lose our self­confidence.If this continues into adulthood，it can result in a bad attitude in later life.
9．It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that people are likely to treat others ________.
A．the way they are treated
B．better when they are satisfied
C．worse when they are in trouble
D．the way they consider appropriate
10．According to the writer，what affects people's life attitude?
A．The situation they face.
B．The people around them.
C．Their expectations of life.
D．The way they view the world.
11．What is the purpose of the writer in writing this passage?
A．To show how to avoid a negative attitude.
B．To show the importance of a positive attitude.
C．To share his positive attitude with his readers.
D．To describe the effects of a negative attitude.
【答案与解析】
9．A　细节理解题。根据第二段的整体内容尤其是“as people tend to respond with a similar attitude”可知，你以什么样的态度对待他人，他人也会用同样的方式对待你。
10．D　推理判断题。根据第三段的整体内容并结合最后一段可知，人们看待世界的方式会左右他们对事物的态度，人们的人生经历对人生态度有影响，故选D。
11．B　目的意图题。根据第一段并结合全文的内容可知，作者写本文的目的在于表明积极的人生态度的重要性。
D
(浙江省嘉兴市2018届高三4月模拟英语试题)When Carson Palmer, a professional American football player, hurt his arm a few years ago, he took a week off from throwing the football.But in his head, Palmer practiced every day.The following weekend, Palmer had the best game of his life.
For more than a century, scientists have been trying to understand how this mental training works.In the 1930s, researchers proved by experiment that when you're imagining an action, your brain sends signals to your muscles(肌肉) which are too weak to tighten the muscles but might help train the body to perform.In other words, mental practice might create a pattern in your head, like an inner how­to guide for a particular skill.
Sports psychologists have conducted hundreds of studies comparing imagined and physical practice for actions.On the whole, the research shows that mental training works.A 2012 study, for example, compared 32 amateur golfers who practiced hitting the balls to another 32 who merely held a golf club in their hands and visualized(想象)their swings.Under the same training rules, both groups improved their skills by getting the ball about 4 inches closer to the hole.
Visualization has advantages over the real thing: You can do it anywhere, even when injured.It is safe—a major plus for high­risk performers such as gymnasts and surgeons.And you can practice for longer periods of time because you're not restricted by physical tiredness. “That's not to say it's easy, we've had Olympic­level athletes sitting in our lab, visualizing the movements for two hours，” says Tadhg Macintyre, a sports psychologist at the University of Limerick in Ireland.“When we're done, they're absolutely tired.”
It doesn't work for everyone, though.“If you're a novice,_the effect can be harmful，” warns Macintyre.If you're trying to visualize a free throw, and you don't even know the proper movement, then you're probably going to mentally practice the wrong skill.”
12．The author introduces the topic of the text by________.
A．giving an example
B．presenting an argument
C．explaining a phenomenon
D．making an assumption
13．What happens when one is visualizing an action?
A．A special skill is quickly acquired.
B．A certain model is formed in the head.
C．The muscles grow increasingly tense.
D．The brain sends strong messages to the body.
14．What does the underlined word “novice” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Coach.　　　　　　　 B．Specialist.
C．Beginner. D．Judge.
15．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Athletes are likely to win games through imagined practice.
B．Practicing a skill properly in mind can produce intended effect.
C．Practice whether mental or physical has its own characteristics.
D．Scientists have found a safe way for athletes to practice their skills.
【答案与解析】
12．A　推理判断题。根据首段可知作者通过举例来展开论述。故选A。
13．B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知科学家发现当我们想象一个行为时，我们就会在脑海中产生一个模型。故选B。
14．C　词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知Macintyre警告大家：这种脑力训练不是适合每个人，如果你是初学者，效果可能有害。故选C。
15．B　主旨大意题。根据首段可知本文通过职业橄榄球运动员Carson Palmer手臂骨折后，他一直用意念练习打球，结果比赛表现出色这一事例，说明通过合适的脑力训练，技能会达到想要的结果。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
The worst time to look for a job is when you must have a new one immediately.　1　If you are not in need of an immediate career change，here are ways you can improve your long­term career prospects today：
　2　You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company.However，these roles should be related to your current skill set.They are career options that look interesting.Once you have a couple of targets，think about why and what interests you.Pay close attention to what appeals to you，and write it down.
Subscribe to a career specific magazine.All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue(收益)．　3　This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the peck.
Be professionally curious.Talk to people about their careers.Learn more about how success is measured in other roles，departments and companies.　4　You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search，so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go.
As in all things in life，getting ready in face of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise.　5　No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.
A．Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time.
B．Follow examples in your own workplace.
C．Changing jobs is to be expected.
D．Identify at least two different roles.
E．Reading about industry trends，advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions.
F．Choose jobs according to your strong points.
G．Job Searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision­making from a few options.
【答案】1～5　GDEAC
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
No one is born a winner.People make themselves into winners by their own __1__.
I learned this lesson from a(n) __2__ many years ago.I took the head __3__ job at a school in Baxley, Georgia.It was a small school with a weak football program.
It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the __4__ team at the end of spring practice.The old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to __5__the game.Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated.I couldn't __6__ I had got into such a situation.Thinking hard about it, I came to __7__ that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were __8__me.I had to change my __9__about their ability and potential.
I started doing anything I could to help them build a little __10__.Most important, I began to treat them like __11__.That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their __12__， we met every day and __13__passing and kicking the football.
Six months after suffering our __14__on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to __15__.Finally, we faced the number one team in the state.I felt that it would be a __16__for us even if we lost the game.But that wasn't what happened.My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest __17__of my life!
From the experience I learnt a lot about how the attitude of the leader can __18__the members of a team.Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and__19__them.I helped them to see themselves __20__， and they built themselves into winners.
Winners are made, but born.
1．A.luck　 B．tests　
C．efforts　　 D．nature
2．A.experiment B．experience
C．visit　　 D．show
3．A.operating B．editing
C．consulting D．coaching
4．A.successful B．excellent
C．strong D．new
5．A.cheer for B．prepare for
C．help with D．finish with
6．A.believe B．agree　
C．describe D．regret
7．A.realize　　 B．claim　
C．permit　　 D．demand
8．A.reacting to B．looking for
C．depending on D．caring about
9．A.decision B．attitude
C．conclusion D．intention
10．A.pride　　 B．culture
C．fortune D．relationship
11．A.leaders　　 B．partners
C．winners D．learners
12．A.rewards B．vacations
C．health D．honor
13．A.risked　　 B．missed
C．considered D．practiced
14．A.defeat　　 B．decline
C．accident D．mistake
15．A.relax　　 B．improve
C．expand D．defend
16．A.shame B．burden
C．victory D．favor
17．A.chances　 B．thrills　
C．concerns D．offers
18．A.surprise B．serve
C．interest　 D．affect
19．A.encouraged B．observed
C．protected D．impressed
20．A.honestly B．individually
C．calmly D．differently
【答案与解析】
1．C　根据前一句“No one is born a winner.(没有人天生就是赢家)”，以及常识可知，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。故选C。
2．B　根据下文可知，作者是从一次经历中得出这样的结论的。故选B。
3．D　根据后文可知，作者在一所学校担任总教练工作。故选D。
4．D　根据前半句“It was a tradition for the school's old team”中的old team可知，春季训练结束时，学校的新老队伍之间进行一场对抗赛是一个传统。故选D。
5．B　老队没有教练，他们甚至不为比赛练习。故选B。
6．A　根据前句可知，作者不能相信会遇到这样的情况。故选A。
7．A　come to realize开始意识到。句意：我开始意识到我的队伍也许不是佐治亚州头号队伍。故选A。
8．C　句意：但他们都在依靠我。故选C。
9．B　句意：我不得不改变我对他们能力和潜力的态度。故选B。
10．A　句意：我开始做任何我能做的事情来帮助他们建立一点自尊心。故选A。
11．C　根据后文“Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and __19__them.”以及文中最后一句提示可知，作者开始像对待获胜者一样对待他们。故选C。
12．B　根据That summer可知，当其他队的队员们享受着他们假期的时候，作者的队伍在训练。故选B。
13．D　根据上文“The old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to __5__ the game.”提示可得出答案。这里指练习传球和踢球。故选D。
14．A　根据上文“but to my disappointment we were defeated.”提示可得出答案。句意：在春季训练赛场遭受失败之后……故选A。
15．B　句意：我们继续在提高。故选B。
16．C　句意：我觉得即使我们输掉比赛，我们也仍然是胜利的。故选C。
17．B　根据前句可知，这是作者一生中最激动人心的一次。故选B。
18．D　句意：从这次经历中，我意识到领袖的态度会如何影响队里的每个成员。故选D。
19．A　根据I pushed可知，作者在推动和鼓励他们。故选A。
20．D　句意：我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。故选D。
Ⅱ.语法填空
People lie all the time，but depending on how skilled they are，it can be difficult to determine when someone 1.________(lie) to you.Do you know how to recognize the signs that someone is lying to you? Some of the signs are obvious 2.________others are more subliminal(微小的，难以察觉的)，but there are ways to catch someone in a lie，you just need to know what they are.
If a person is lying they may feel you are scrutinizing (端详) them 3.________(careful) and they will look down at the floor or away from your eyes.Some people try 4.________ (stare) at you in a deliberate way because they feel 5.________(make) eye contact will make what they are saying more 6.________(believe)．
Liars often turn away from the person to 7.________they are speaking，blink rapidly，smile less 8.________have pitch changes in their tone of voice.They may cross their arms，which 9.________(be) a sign of being “closed”or trying not to reveal too much information.Sometimes people are excessively upset when they are lying.They can fidget with(摆弄) a part of their body or touch 10.________(part) of their face，an ear or a nose or play with keys or another item that they have in their hand.
【答案】1.is lying　2.while　3.carefully　4.to stare
5．making　6.believable　7.whom　8.and　9.is　10.parts
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
In the mid­1980s，researchers at Cleveland State University made a surprised discovery.We conducted an experiment by creating two imaginary job candidates David and John.The candidates had identically resumes and letters of reference.The only difference was what John's letter included the sentence “Sometimes，John can be difficult to get along.”They showed the resumes to a number of personnel director.Which candidate did the personnel directors overwhelmingly prefer to? It was John.The researchers concluded the criticism of John made the praise of John much believable.Admitting John's shortcoming actually helped to selling John.Admitting flaws gave you more credibility.A key to selling.
【答案】
In the mid­1980s，researchers at Cleveland State University made a discovery. conducted an experiment by creating two imaginary job candidates David and John.The candidates had resumes and letters of reference.The only difference was John's letter included the sentence “Sometimes，John can be difficult to get along .” They showed the resumes to a number of personnel .Which candidate did the personnel directors overwhelmingly prefer ? It was John.The researchers concluded the criticism of John made the praise of John believable.Admitting John's shortcoming actually helped to John.Admitting flaws you more credibility.A key to selling.
Ⅱ.书面表达
假如你是李华，一年前曾经在美国纽约的Chart School参加过为期一个月的国际学生交流项目。现在请你根据以下要点，给你在该校学习期间的老师Mr.Woods写一封电子邮件：
1．感谢在美国期间他对你英语学习的帮助和那次活动对你的影响；
2．询问他最新的电话号码和住址；
3．你的好友王磊想在今年夏天报考Chart School，是否方便和他联系。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr.Woods，
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Mr.Woods，
How are you doing these days?
Although it has been a year since I came back to China，I still relive the thirty thrilling and fascinating days once in a while.I know without your kindness and sincerity，my stay back then would have been quite different.It is you who have opened a new world to me.Never had I known a language could be taught and learnt that way，which，up to this day，remains a guide to my English learning.
By the way，I was wondering if I could have your new address and phone number.My friend，Wang Lei，is going to apply for your school this summer.Would you mind if he asked you for more details?
All the best wishes!
Yours，
Li_Hua
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Many experts advocate__________(reward) your child for good behaviour.
2．I wanted to do the thing__________my own without outside interference or help.
3．Tears ran down her cheeks as she told us about her ________(suffer)．
4．Most laws remain firm and are__________(obey) once they are established.
5．He said he had finally accomplished his dream ________becoming a pilot.
6．The examinations are around the corner.Some fans in our class are persuaded to quit ________ (play) football to focus on their studies.
7．This area is often used for ________(entertain) such as concerts，games or TV watching.
8．I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really________ (bear)．
9．Being a winner doesn't mean you'll always get everything you want, but it does mean you'll go ________ your goals in ways that are reliable.
10．Organs from a brain­dead man have been transplanted into four patients，________(rebuild) their lives.
【答案】1.rewarding　2.on　3.sufferings　4.obeyed　5.of
6．playing　7.entertainment　8.unbearable　9.after　10.rebuilding
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I had to go to the cinema on own because all the other boys were busy.
_____________________________________________________________
2．Apart to some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.
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3．The girl burst into tears instant the headmaster announced that she was the winner.
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4．She showed a talent in acting at an early age.
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5．What I did just now was to discuss with him how to solve the problem.
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【答案】1.own前加my　2.to →from　3.instant前加the/instant→instantly　4.in →for　5.去掉was后的to