2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book6　Unit3　Understandingeachothe

Book 6　Unit 3　Understanding each other
晨读暮诵　单元话题——人际关系

1．treasure v．珍惜；珍藏
2．partner n．伙伴
3．memory n．记忆
4．appreciate v．感激；欣赏
5．communicate v．交际；沟通
6．relative n．亲属
7．precious adj.珍贵的
8．relationship n．人际关系
9．concern n．&v.关心，担心
10．forgive v．宽恕
11．misunderstanding n．误会
12．valuable adj.宝贵的，贵重的
13．fall in love with爱上
14．trust each other相互信任
15．be loyal to对……忠诚
16．turn to sb.for help向某人求助
17．look down upon看不起；轻视
18．know sb.well熟知某人
19．be on good terms with sb.与某人关系好
20．fit in with与……相适应/相融洽

1．A friend is someone whom you could tell everything to and also the one who understands what you are going through.
朋友是那个你可以向他倾诉一切并且懂得你所经历的事情的人。
2．I'm sorry you are having trouble in making friends.However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice.
很抱歉你在交友上遇到麻烦。然而，假如你听从我的建议，情况是很容易改变的。
3．As far as I'm concerned, to build a good relationship, we should trust each other first.
就我个人而言，要建立良好的人际关系，我们首先应该彼此信任。
4．Being polite is the most important step to develop relationship among friends.
礼貌是建立朋友关系当中最重要的一步。
5．What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.
我想强调的是我们中的每一个人都应该更多地倾听别人。
6．As we all know making friends can help us establish good interpersonal relationships.
众所周知，交友有助于我们建立良好的人际关系。

假如你是李华，你的两位美国笔友Jack与Sam几天前发生了不愉快的事。5月2日是Sam的生日，Jack想送他一份礼物来跟他和好，特地发来邮件寻求你的建议。请你根据以下要点给Jack回一封邮件：
1．选择什么礼物；
2．你的理由是什么；
3．其他建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
[参考范文]
Dear Jack，
I'm glad to hear that you are considering making up with Sam.If I were you, I would consider a bike as a birthday present for him.
As far as I know, Sam lives near his school so he can take more exercise by riding a bike. In the meanwhile, you can often go for an outing together by bike，which is of great benefit to rebuilding your friendship.Besides，riding a bike is an environmentally friendly means of transport.It's convenient for him to get around as well.
Apart from giving him a gift, you can also take the following ideas into consideration, such as travelling, seeing a movie, having meals and playing football or basketball together.Whatever you do, being sincere is the most important，I really hope that you can be good friends again. May your friendship last forever.
Yours truly，
Li Hua


[高频词汇]
1．________(vt.) 保证，担保，确保
2．________(n.) 招待会；接待；接受
3．________(vt.) (尤指以法令)禁止
4．________(prep.&adv.) 自始至终；贯穿整个时期；各处，遍及
5．________(adj.) 习惯于；惯常的
6．________(adj.) 相像； (adv.) 十分相像地；同样地
7．________(adj.) 通晓；熟悉
8．________(n.) 手势；姿势；示意动作
9．__________(adj.)轻微的
10．________(n.) 盛宴，宴会；节日
11．________(n.) 描述，叙述
12．________(n.) 面具；(vt.) 伪装，掩饰
13．________(n.) 平原；(adj.) 清楚的，明显的；坦诚的；朴素的
14．__________(vt.) 复述，转述
【答案】1.ensure　2.reception　3.prohibit　4.throughout　
5．accustomed　6.alike　7.familiar　8.gesture　9.slight　10.feast　11.account　12.mask　13.plain　14.retell
[派生词汇]
1．________(vt.) 向(某人)道贺，祝贺→________(n.) 祝贺
2．________(vt.& vi.) 允许，准许(n.) 许可证→________(n.) 允许，许可
3．________(n.) 冒犯；侮辱→________(vt.& vi.) 触怒；冒犯；犯过错
4．________(vi.& vt.) 适应，习惯；调整，调节→________(n.) 调整→________(adj.) 可调整的，可调节的
5．________(n.) 庆典；庆祝活动→________(v.) 庆祝
6．________(n.) 期望，盼望→________(v.) 期望
7．________(n.) 少数民族；少数，少数人→________(n.) 多数；多数人(反义词)
8．________(n.) 勇敢→________(adj.) 勇敢的
[词缀归纳]
在adjustable一词中，“­able”为形容词后缀。常见的还有：portable adj.手提式的；reasonable adj.合情合理的；reliable adj.可靠的，可信的；suitable合适的；valuable adj.宝贵的。
【答案】1.congratulate；congratulation　2.permit；permission
3．offence；offend　4.adjust；adjustment；adjustable　
5．celebration；celebrate　6.expectation；expect
7．minority；majority　8.bravery；brave
[语境活用]
1．As soon as I walked into the banquet hall，I began to look around the crowded room, seeking a________(熟悉的)face.
2．I can not see where they differ from each other; to me they look exactly________(相似的)．
3．The government department concerned ________(保证) that timely action was taken to resolve the heating in winter.
4.Your________(叙述)of what happened does not tie in with what three other witnesses have said.
5.It is a tale which has often been________(转述) within West Indian literature.
6．It snowed________(自始至终)the night. The whole town was covered with snow.
7. It was a few moments before his eyes________(适应) to the bright glare of the sun.
8.Our________(期望)is that we should be there.In fact, we should have gotten there a long time ago.
【答案】1.familiar　2.alike　3.ensured　4.account
5．retold　6.throughout　7.adjusted　8.expectation

1．be ________ to do sth.　　　　　应该做某事
2．adjust ________ 适应
3．be accustomed to ________ sth. 习惯做某事
4．after ________ 毕竟，终究
5．do ________ 没有……也行
6．________ alone 更不用说
7．take ________ 占据(时间或空间)
8．belong ________ 属于
9．be home ________ 是……的家园
10．have power ________ 控制，支配
11．be familiar ________ 通晓，熟悉
12．show sb.________ 带某人参观、游览
13．shake hands ________ 和……握手
14．be aware ________ 意识到……，清楚……
15．have trouble (in) ________ sth. 做……有困难
16．congratulate sb.________ sth. 祝贺某人某事
17．provide…________… 给……提供……
18．meet　________ 遇见，碰到
【答案】1.supposed　2.to　3.doing　4.all　5.without
6．let　7.up　8.to　9.to　10.over　11.with　12.around
13．with　14.of　15. doing　16.on　17.with　18.with
[语境活用]
1．We could overcome any hard difficulty，let________ this little thing.
2．A great deal of my time is taken________ with reading critical essays and reviews.
3．The species that fail to adjust________ the changing conditions of existence will gradually become extinct.
4．Having been with him for a while，I was deeply aware ________ that he was someone worth trusting.
5．Pat will show you________ the building so you can meet everyone.
6．China is a vast country which is home________ an amazing variety of landscapes, plants and animals.
7．Each great man belongs________ his time and can come only at his proper moment.
8．I am not familiar________ the field. I'm ready to hear your suggestions.
9．The first time I met Mr. Black in London，he shook hands________ me warmly.
10．In general I feel like I get accustomed ________ Chinese way of life and like here very much.
【答案】1.alone　2.up　3.to　4.of　5.around　6.to　7.to
8．to　9.with　10.to

1. [原句]　It's quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.
[点拨]　it为形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语watching…
[仿写]　学而不思则惘。
It is no use ________ without thinking.
2. [原句]　Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.
[点拨]　have trouble (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”。
[仿写]　当你学英语有困难时，你可以向老师寻求帮助。
You could ask the teacher for help when you ________ English.
3. [原句]　One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.
[点拨]　the reason why…is that…“……的原因是……”，其中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。
[仿写]　我们种树的原因是它们能为我们提供新鲜的空气。
________ we have to grow the trees ________ they can provide us with fresh air.
4．[原句]　They dislike it when people do not look at the cards，so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.
[点拨]　dislike/like/hate/appreciate/depend on＋it＋宾语从句，动词dislike之后不能直接跟名词性从句作宾语，需用it作形式宾语。
[仿写]　如果您能给我一些关于如何解决这些问题的建议，我将不胜感激。
________ if you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.
【答案】1.learning　2.have trouble (in) learning　3.The reason why；is that　4.I would appreciate it

第一板块　核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．ensure vt.保证，担保，确保
ensure (doing) sth.　　　　保证(做)某事
ensure sb.sth. 保证/确保某人(得到)某物
ensure sb.from/against sth. 保护某人免受……的伤害
ensure that…＝make sure that… 确保/保证……
①His wife ensured that he took all his pills every day.
他妻子确保他每天都服下所有该服的药片。
②Every few years，the coal workers have their lung X rays ________ their health.
矿工们每隔几年就要做肺部X光检查以确保健康。
③You must come early to ensure ________ a good seat.
要确保弄到个好位子，你必须早点来。
【答案】②to ensure　③getting
2．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺
(1)congratulate sb.on/upon (doing) sth.　祝贺某人(做了)某事
congratulate oneself (on sth.) (因成就或成功)为自己感到骄傲或自豪
(2)congratulation n. 祝贺，贺词
congratulations to sb.on sth. 为某事祝贺某人
Congratulations! 恭喜！
①You can congratulate yourself on having done a good job.
你的工作做得很出色，你应该感到自豪。
②We offer our ________ to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.
我们祝贺你们通过了高考。
[词义辨析]　
congratulate
作“祝贺，道贺”解时，应以被祝贺的人作宾语，用介词on或upon引出祝贺的原因
celebrate
表示举行仪式、典礼的庆祝，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语
③Their son was admitted to Beijing University. They held a party to ________ it.In the party，their friends ________ them on their son's success.Some who didn't come telephoned to give their ________ to them.
【答案】②congratulations　③celebrate；congratulated；congratulations
3．permit vt.& vi.允许，准许n.许可证
(1) 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
sth.permitting… ……许可的话(独立主格)
(2)permission n．[U] 允许，许可
with/without one's permission 获取某人同意/没有获得某人许可
ask for permission 请求允许
①No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission.
未经许可，参考书不准带出阅览室。
②Students are not permitted ________ calculators when they take college entrance examinations.
在参加大学入学考试时学生不允许使用计算器。
③Time/Weather ________，I will see you after the meeting.
如果时间/天气允许的话，会后我去看你。
【答案】②to use　③permitting
[温馨提示]　permit充当名词时为可数名词，意为“许可证，执照”；permission为不可数名词，意为“许可”。
4．adjust vi.& vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节
(1)adjust to (doing) sth.　　　适应(做)某事，习惯(做)某事
adjust…to… 将……调整到……；使……适应……
adjust oneself to (doing) sth.　　 使自己适应(做)某事
(2)adjustment n. 调整，适应
make an adjustment to 对……做出调整
①These desks and seats can be adjusted to the height of any child.
这些桌椅可以随儿童的身高而调整。
②We must adjust ourselves ________ the changing society unless we want to be left behind.
如果我们不想落后，我们就必须让自己适应这个不断变化的社会。
③Since everything develops, we have to make an ________ to the changing situation.
既然一切在发展变化，我们必须做出调整以适应改变的形势。
【答案】②to　③adjustment

(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ，书面表达)星期五下午我不能跟你一块去书店的原因是那天下午我有个重要的会议要参加。
[翻译]　The reason why I can't go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon is that I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon.

5．accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的
(1)get/become/grow/be accustomed to (doing) sth.　　习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于
accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
①She was a person accustomed to ________ eight hours' sleep a night.
她是那种习惯每晚睡八个小时的人。
②Accustomed to living in the countryside，Mr. Wang found it hard to live in the city.
习惯于生活在农村，王先生发现很难在城市生活。
【答案】①having
[温馨提示]　be accustomed to表示状态；become/get/grow accustomed to表示非延续性的动作。
6．familiar adj.通晓；熟悉
be familiar to　　　　　　为……所熟悉
be familiar with 精通……，通晓……
①We're quite familiar ________ each other；my room neighbours his.
我们很熟悉，我的房间挨着他的。
②Guo Degang has become a crosstalk performer familiar to every one of us.
郭德刚已成为一位我们大家都熟悉的相声演员。
【答案】①with
[温馨提示]　be familiar to的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。
7．account n．[C]描述，叙述；解释，说明；账户vt.认为vi.解释；(数量上、比例上)占
(1)give an account of　　给予描述；进行说明
take sth. into account/take account of sth. 认真考虑某事
on account of 由于，因为
on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
open an account 开一个账户
(2)account for (数量上、比例上)占，占据；是……的原因；对……做出解释和说明
①These products, in total, account ________ about 80% of all our sales.
这些产品总共约占我们全部销售额的80%。
②On no account are visitors allowed to feed animals in the wild­animal park.
决不允许游客在野生动物区给动物喂食。
③The newspaper gave an incorrect account of the traffic accident.
这报纸给予的关于交通事故的叙述是不正确的。
【答案】①for
8．let alone更不用说
leave/let sb.alone　　　　别烦某人
leave/let sth.alone 别碰某物；别管某事
①He can't even understand simple conversations，let alone difficult ones.
简单的对话他尚且都不懂，更何况难的了。
②Please let me ________.I need a quiet place to think it over.
请不要打扰我。我需要安静的地方思考。
③He will let alone things that might cause trouble.
他从来不干会招惹是非的事。
④They didn't even touch on that question，let alone discuss it.
那个问题他们根本没有提到，更谈不上讨论了。
【答案】②alone
[温馨提示]　let alone“更不用说”，相当于一个插入语，但其后所接的词的形式要求与前面的平行一致，一般用于否定句之后。其同义短语是not to mention。
9．take up占据(时间或空间等)；开始从事；接着，继续；拿起；接受
[一词多义]
写出下列句中take up的含义。
①Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？________
②We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.________
③She took up the story where Tim had left off.________
④I always take up the book and read when I am in my low spirits.________
⑤This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.________
【答案】①接受　②占据　③继续　④拿起　⑤开始养成(习惯)
10．have power over控制，支配
in power　　　　　　　　　　在掌权
come to/into power 上台执政，掌权
beyond one's power 为某人能力所不及
in/within one's power 在能力/权力之内
do everything in one's power 尽力做某事
①That we have power over a situation gives us a feeling of power.
我们控制了局面，这让我们感到自己很强大。
②The decision is in the hand of him；I couldn't do the things ________ my power.
决定权在他那儿，我不能越权而为之。
③I shall be happy to give you any information ________ my power.
我将很乐意向您提供我所知道的任何信息。
【答案】②beyond　③in
[温馨提示]　in power 表示状态；come to/into power 表示动作。
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—They are quiet，aren't they?
—Yes.They are accustomed to ________(not talk) at meals.
2．The party will be held in the garden，weather ________(permit)．
3．—I got that job I wanted at the public library.
—________(congratulate)！That's good news.
4．________ (ensure) that your resume works for you, I recommend writing it more like a proposal than a job description.
5．I haven't decided on the menu yet，let alone ________ (buy) the food.
6．The new rule has come into effect that in no account ________ (be) smoking permitted in public places.
7．The government passed a regulation to prohibit ________(park) in the city centre.
8．—Are you getting on well with your workmates?
—Well，almost none is familiar ________ me up till now.
9．My family were moving to the countryside and I would have to make some ________(adjust) and learn to lead a different life there.
10．The three sisters decided to hold a family party to ________(celebration) their parents' silver wedding.
【答案】1.not talking　2.permitting　3.Congratulations
4．To ensure　5.bought　6.is　7.parking　8.with
9．adjustment　10.celebrate
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The new school rule prohibit wearing colorful clothes.
_____________________________________________________________
2．You'll soon get accustomed to walk long distances.
_____________________________________________________________
3．Six months after the accident，he still had difficulty walking.
_____________________________________________________________
4．I hate them when you say such a thing in public.
_____________________________________________________________
5．The reason why he was late for school is because his car broke down on the way.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.prohibit→prohibits　2.walk→walking
3．在difficulty后加in　4.them→it　5.because→that
第二板块　经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．Many foreigners have_trouble_getting accustomed to it.
很多外国人很难习惯这一点。
have(there is)trouble(in)doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”；trouble为不可数名词，前面可加修饰词much，little，no等。trouble可换用difficulty(不可数名词)；若trouble后跟名词，介词in换成with。
①Not having got enough hands，we had great difficulty in carrying out the task.
由于人手不够，我们很难完成这个任务。
②Tom and his father had trouble with Chinese customs and culture during the travel.
这次旅行中，汤姆和他的父亲在中国习俗和文化方面遇到了麻烦。
③You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had ________ her children.
你简直无法想象这名妇女抚养孩子所遇到的困难。
【答案】③bringing up
[温馨提示]　对于句式have trouble/difficulty doing sth.的考查，常把trouble/difficulty提前，后跟定语从句，省略介词in，导致have与后面的动名词连在一起，要注意辨别。
2．One_reason_why there are so many French words in English is_that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.
英语里有如此多的法语词汇的原因是法国人曾统治英格兰很长时间。
(1)The reason why…is that…表示“……的原因是……”。在此句型中why引导的定语从句修饰the reason；that引导表语从句，说明the reason的内容。
①The reason why he failed the exam is that he didn't work hard.
他考试不及格的原因是他没努力学习。
(2)The reason why…is that…的变化形式是：The reason for…is that…
②________ their success ________ they knew how to study.
他们成功的原因在于他们知道如何学习。
【答案】②The reason for；is that
[温馨提示]　主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。

(2015·高考湖北卷，阅读理解A)The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist­heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods，despite signs asking them not to.
[分析]　句中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。
[翻译]　在Haytor马驹淘气的原因是由于这儿是一个游客众多的地方，尽管有警示牌要求他们不要去喂食马驹，但游客们还是经常去做。
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．试图跟他理论就是浪费时间。
It is a waste of time ________ to reason with him.
2．他没通过驾考的原因是他没怎么训练。
__________________ he didn't pass the driving test is ________ he had little training.
3．在学习数学时，我遇到了很大的困难，我很担心。
I have great trouble ________________ and I am so worried.
【答案】1.trying　2.The reason why；that　3.(in) learning Maths
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面的小作文。
1．正如谚语所说：入乡随俗。
2．出国时，一定要熟悉当地文化。(be familiar with)
3．或许他们打招呼的方式是拥抱而不是握手。(greet, hug)
4．尤其是你参加一些庆祝仪式时，即使你觉得一些风俗很奇怪，但牢记你认为正常的事情在别人看来可能一样奇怪。(celebration，normal，unusual)
【参考范文】
As the saying goes，when in Rome，do as the Romans do.When you go abroad，you must be familiar with their culture.Perhaps they greet you by hugging instead of shaking hands.Especially when you attend some celebrations even if some customs might seem strange to you，remember that what you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others.

[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018石家庄高三质检)Many young people these days adore the advertised magazine body and become too focused on attaining this image instead of worrying more about what lasts and even grows over time.But could you imagine being considered beautiful for years，and suddenly being ugly after moving to another continent? It is a sad reality that people don't realize how vacillating the idea of beauty can be from one country to another.
Think of the most typical American girl you know.Is she blonde­haired with white skin and light blue eyes，and does she love shopping or sports? Now place this girl in the heart of Africa，where beauty is placed on what you can control.The Maasai tribe in Kenya focuses on how clean people are，and how stylish their piercings (穿孔) are.This tribe's culture is to be a brave fighter，so they will cut their skin with patterns in it to show that they are strong.If you don't look fierce，you are not beautiful.
Other countries like North Korea and South Korea have their own unique views on beauty.In an interview，a woman who has lived in both North Korea and South Korea claims that beauty in North Korea is based more on your ability to be a good woman and wife.She says that women in North Korea are less concerned about fashion and beauty in the physical sense.She says they did have a time when big eyes were a big deal and everyone wanted to get double eyelid surgery.This is something extreme and could perhaps be influenced by Western culture.But don't you think the idea of getting surgery done to look more attractive is crazy?
1．What does the underlined word “vacillating” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Inconsistent.　　 B．Reasonable.
C．Unusual. D．Similar.
2．The Maasai tribe in Kenya is mentioned to show that in their eyes ________.
A．getting dirty is stylish
B．looking fierce is beautiful
C．strong people cut their skin
D．American girls love shopping
3．According to the woman interviewed，women in North Korea now ________.
A．care a lot about their appearance
B．put the beauty of eyes in the first place
C．pay great attention to their ability
D．are crazy about double eyelid surgery
4．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．Inner beauty is of great importance.
B．Ideas of beauty vary among culture groups.
C．Different ways are needed to admire true beauty.
D．Fashion magazines easily influence young people.
【答案与解析】
1．A　词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知，许多年里，你都被认为是美丽的，在你搬到另一个大陆时突然会被认为是难看的。由此可知美会随着地点的不同发生变化，因此此处指人们没有意识到不同国家的人的审美观是不一致的。
2．B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“If you don't look fierce，you are not beautiful.”可知，肯尼亚的Maasai部落认为看起来凶猛就是美丽的。
3．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“…claims that beauty in North Korea is based more on your ability to be a good woman and wife.”可知，朝鲜的女性现在更加关注她们成为好女人和好妻子的能力。
4．B　主旨大意题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，不同国家的人对美的观点是不同的，即不同的文化群体的审美观不尽相同。
B
(2018·黑龙江仿真模拟五)To me, inspirations mean to put my thoughts, heart, and creations into my jewelry.Sometimes I become so inspired with what I'm working on that I can finish one or more sets in less than an hour.Because of that feeling, I have named my jewelry collection “Inspirations”．
I am a 17­year­old senior with sickle­cell anemia.With this, I am in and out of the hospital a lot.So I started making jewelry a year ago when I was in the hospital.I really needed something to do, so I was introduced to jewelry making by a child life expert.
One day while lying in my hospital bed, I decided to get up and go to the patient's playroom, and look through the craft designs.That was when I became inspired to design my jewelry collection, and named it “Inspirations”．
When I'm not sick, I try to keep a positive attitude through reading, schoolwork, and craft activities.Even though it's a lot of work, I try to stay focus at all times.When I need a break or just to be free I turn to my craft activities.This is a way to ease my mind and it always helps me to especially get through those stressful times.
I am getting very excited about graduating next year and preparing myself for college.Who knows my collection of Inspirations, would take me to the places I always dreamed of? I may see celebrities I admire and even sell them some of my beautiful “Inspirations”．If they wear my “Inspirations”， it will become well known and more demanding.What a great way to make some extra money for college! I never thought being sick would bring me “Inspirations”．I want people to look beyond my illness and see the creations I've made in my collection called “Inspirations”．
5．What does “sickle­cell anemia” refer to?
A．A hospital. B．A place.
C．An illness. D．A doctor.
6．Why did the writer name his jewelry collection “Inspirations”？
A．Because it was designed by a patient.
B．Because it was designed in the hospital.
C．Because its designs came from inspiration.
D．Because the designs were very various and fresh.
7．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The writer is a senior high school student.
B．The writer will graduate from college next year.
C．The writer wants to be a doctor in the future.
D．The writer plans to be a jewelry designer after graduation.
8．What is the best title of the passage?
A．My Jewelry Collection
B．My Illness
C．Creating Inspirations
D．How to Get Through Bad Times
【答案与解析】
5．C　词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句可知作者经常进出医院的原因是因为他生病了，所以此处sickle­cell anemia指的是一种病，故选C。
6．C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者给自己的珠宝命名为“灵感”是因为它的设计来自于作者的灵感。故选C。
7．A　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句可知作者是一个高中生，故选A，排除B。文章并没有提及作者以后想当医生或者珠宝设计师，所以C和D错误。
8．C　主旨大意题。文章主要讲了作者因为自己患有镰状细胞贫血而经常进出医院，在医院期间接触到了珠宝创作并从中找到了自己的灵感。整篇文章都是从创作灵感来展开的，故选C。
C
(黄冈中学2018届高5月适应性考试)Donald Trump was born in Queens, a borough of New York City.He was the fourth child.He had two brothers and two sisters.By his own telling, young Donald often created trouble in school.So when he was 13 years old, his parents sent him to a military­style school.
Trump went on to college first at Fordham University in New York, and then at the University of Pennsylvania.He earned a degree in economics.He was also already investing in real estate.After he graduated, Trump quickly returned to New York City and his career.
In time, he became the head of the family business.He re­named it the Trump Organization.As its president, Trump developed and put his name on luxury buildings, casinos, hotels, and golf courses around the world.Later, he became linked to the entertainment industry, too.He became a part owner of beauty pageants, hosted a television show, and wrote a book about how to succeed in business.
During these years, Trump also married three times and divorced twice.The media wrote especially about his first and second marriages because he openly had a relationship with his second wife while he was married to his first.In 2005, he married Melania Knauss, a former model from Slovenia.She is only the second first lady who was not born in the United States.The first was Louisa Adams, who came from Britain in 1801.
But, until he officially entered the 2016 campaign as a Republican candidate, few linked him to politics.
Trump is unusual among past presidents because he had never worked in the government before.Nor has Trump served in the military.Only Presidents Taylor, Grant, and Eisenhower had no previous government experience; however, they had all been generals.
Trump is the oldest person ever to take office.He was 70 years old when he was sworn in.
He is also one of the richest.
And Trump is unusual in how he communicates with the public.As president, he continues to use Twitter to communicate his thoughts directly to anyone who wants to follow him.
While the long­term effects of Trump's presidency are not yet known, he will likely be remembered in part for his direct and unscripted style of communication.
9．Donald Trump is quite a different American president ever because ________.
A．only he has never entered politics before
B．he is the first to use the modern social media Twitter to speak
C．he is the richest president ever
D．only his wife wasn't born in the US
10．Trump is a successful businessman and his business involves in the following EXCEPT ________.
A．television　 B．beauty
C．real estate　 D．publishing
11．Which of the following can't suit Donald Trump?
A．He is the oldest president when taking office.
B．He has once served in the army.
C．He wrote a book about how to do business.
D．His father had five children.
12．What does the underlined word unscripted in the last sentences mean?
A．Unfinished.　 B．Undertaken.
C．Unprepared. D．Unspoken.
【答案与解析】
9．B　细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知特朗普在同公众沟通方面也是不同寻常的。作为总统，他使用推特直接向任何关注他的人传达他的想法，故选B。
10．D　细节理解题。由第二段第三句可知当时他也已经开始投资房地产。由第三段可知特朗普的商业涉及电视、选美和地产行业，故选D。
11．B　细节理解题。由第六段第一、二句可知特朗普与以往的总统不同，因为他此前从未在政府任职，也不曾在军队中服役，故选B。
12．C　词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知虽然特朗普总统任期的长远影响尚不得而知，但他可能会被记住，部分原因就是他直接的没有底稿的交流方式，所以unscripted的意思是“没有准备的”，故选C。
D
(湖南G10教育联盟2018届高三4月联考)The pursuit of longevity has long been on people's minds，prompting an abundance of research on the effects of food and diet on the human lifespan.According to recent research from the UC Irvine Institute, drinking coffee and wine could help you live longer.
The 90＋ Study evaluated more than 1,600 people over the age of 90 for their lifestyle habits and other qualities that might have contributed to their longevity.
Participants were visited every six months, when they were given various tests.Researchers also collected information about the participants' diets, lifestyles, and medical histories.
They found out that two of the habits that helped preserve lives the most are drinking alcohol and coffee.“I have no explanation for it，” admitted Dr. Claudia Kawas, “but I do firmly believe that moderate (适度的) drinking improves longevity.” So should we all be drinking more coffee and wine? While that would be great news, the research may not be as definitive as it seems.
“Most studies about alcohol consumption, including The 90＋ Study, are observational, so we can only say that something about drinking is associated with health and longevity，” registered dietitian Jennifer Markowitz told The Daily Meal.
“I'd be curious to see if the coffee and alcohol drinkers shared other important habits or lifestyle factors that might also play into their longevity.”
In other words, it might not be the wine and coffee that's helping people live longer, but the two substances do have some considerable health benefits.“Wine and coffee are packed with antioxidants( 抗氧化剂) which are known to protect our bodies from damage caused by free radicals，” explained registered dietitian Keri Gans to The Daily Meal.“Research on antioxidants has shown several health benefits, including the possibility they may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes, improve cognitive function, decrease the risk of dementia, and lower the risk of heart disease.”
Moderate drinking can be beneficial according to other studies—so long as it's moderate.
13．What's the passage mainly about?
A．Antioxidants having a positive effect on the lifespan.
B．The effects of food and diet on the human lifespan.
C．Advocating drinking wine and coffee in our daily life.
D．Moderate drinking helping people live longer.
14．The information was collected about the participants in the 90＋ Study EXCEPT________.
A．food consumption
B．lifestyle
C．hobbies
D．medical history
15．How can the wine and coffee benefit people's health?
A．They provide people with essential nutrition.
B．They are rich in antioxidants.
C．They protect free radicals in human bodies.
D．They can bring relief to pain.
【答案与解析】
13．D　主旨大意题。由文章第一段可知，文章主要介绍的是适度的饮用咖啡和酒有助于长寿。故D选项正确。
14．C　细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，研究者们搜集了参与者们的饮食、生活方式和医疗史的相关数据，故用排除法，C选项正确。
15．B　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中第二句可知，酒和咖啡里的抗氧化剂可以保护我们的身体免受自由基引起的危害。故B选项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
(吉林省长春市2018届高三年级四模)
How to Overcome Depression
Suffering from depression means more than just dealing with a bad week or even a bad month.Depression is a weakening condition that can make it impossible for you to enjoy your daily existence.To overcome your depression, you have to first determine if what you're feeling are the symptoms of depression.　1　While medications can help relieve symptoms, it is still important for depressed persons to understand the disorder and develop healthier strategies for coping with it.
Keep yourself busy.Fill your schedule with events and activities you love.Keeping a busy schedule will force you to stay active, focused, and thinking about the next thing on your plate.You can draw up a schedule for each day at the start of the week, or simply plan out each day the night before.　2　
Improve your diet.　3　Even if you're losing your appetite, you need to be determined to eat three meals a day.You don't need to try to lose weight or be incredibly healthy­conscious when you're dealing with your depression, but eating healthier food regularly will improve your mental and physical state.
Think positively.Being a more positive thinker will help you look at your life and world in a way that fills you with hope instead of despair.To think more positively, you should learn how to recognize your negative thoughts and to fight them with stronger positive thoughts whenever you can.For a jump start, find at least five things to be grateful for.　4　
　5　 Neglecting personal hygiene (卫生) is a common side effect of depression.While you will not beat your depression by transforming your looks, if you take time to maintain your appearance and hygiene every day, you will feel better about yourself.Shower daily, brush your teeth and wash your hair.
A．Control your emotions.
B．Improve your appearance.
C．Most importantly be happy about every single day.
D．Whichever method you choose, make a goal of sticking to it.
E．However, not everyone knows depression has a positive side.
F．Eating a healthy, balanced diet can also help you beat depression.
G．If you are feeling sad, lonely, or worthless, you may be suffering from depression.
【答案】1～5　GDFCB
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
Two men fell on hard times.Try as they might，they couldn't find__1__.They heard that a museum was willing to__2__$50 apiece for live rattlesnakes，so in desperation，they decided to__3__snakes.
Outfitted with a net and basket，they hiked to a__4__area renowned(有名的) for its large snake population.But as they scaled a steep ledge，rock gave way and they__5__down a slippery bank into a deep__6__crawling with rattlesnakes.
One of the men quickly sized up the situation and shouted to his friend，“Look！We're__7__！We're rich！”
Okay，maybe he didn't fully__8__his mess.But in most situations，I believe there is a sunny side.Take aging for instance, as we grow older，our__9__turns from silk to rags.And though we might be encouraged that at least wrinkles don't__10__，valuable experience，deep understanding and hard­won wisdom can also come__11__years of living.Some people are merely aging—others are “sageing(贤明)”. The__12__is in point of view.
It has to do with how we__13__our situation.Like a sign spotted outside a quaint shop: “We__14__junk.Antiques for sale.”I wonder，is my house full of junk or antiques？What about my life? I'm learning it's a matter of perspective; it's a matter of__15__I want to look at what comes my way.And it's also a matter of__16__，because perspective is something I choose more often than I__17__.
I've learned that my greatest__18__may well be my power to choose my outlook.The truth is，I can choose to view__19__times as growing times，I can choose to see aging as seasoning and I can choose to__20__whatever good there is to be found in living.
I choose.After all，it's my point of view.
1．A.work　　　　　　　 B．luck
C．happiness D．help
2．A.ask B．spend
C．charge D．pay
3．A.raise B．kill
C．catch D．eat
4．A.wide B．remote
C．familiar D．smooth
5．A.jumped B．looked
C．climbed D．rolled
6．A.pit B．well
C．pond D．lake
7．A.rich B．dangerous
C．silly D．horrible
8．A.express B．admit
C．appreciate D．explore
9．A.body B．skin
C．muscle D．bone
10．A.grow B．rise
C．die D．hurt
11．A.with B．in
C．for D．along
12．A.importance B．need
C．difference D．principle
13．A.affect B．consider
C．prove D．tolerate
14．A.collect B．recycle
C．get D．buy
15．A.how B．what
C．when D．if
16．A.time B．money
C．choice D．life
17．A.declare B．realize
C．reflect D．claim
18．A.challenge B．desire
C．concern D．power
19．A.tough B．wonderful
C．smooth D．modern
20．A.set aside B．deal with
C．leave out D．focus on
【答案与解析】
1．A　根据下文，博物馆收购活响尾蛇，他们打算去捉蛇，由此可知他们找不到“工作”。
2．D　由本空后的$50 apiece可知，博物馆愿意每条蛇“付”50美元。
3．C　由前文判断，这两个人准备去“捉”蛇。
4．B　结合语境，此处指他们来到了一个“偏远”的以有大量蛇而闻名的地方。
5．D　由下文的down a slippery bank into a…可知，他们滑落“滚进”了一个满是蛇的坑里。
6．A　结合上下文语境和选项可知，他们是滚进了一个“坑”里。pit坑；凹地；well井；pond池塘；lake湖。
7．A　由下文的We're rich可知，这个人大声地叫嚷：“看！我们发财了！我们发财了！”
8．C　结合语境可知此处指这个人似乎没有“明白”他们目前的困境，即他们掉进了一个到处是响尾蛇的地方。appreciate此处意为“理解；明白”，符合题意。
9．B　由第10空前的wrinkles可知，这里指随着年龄的增加，我们的“皮肤”会从丝绸般柔滑变得像破布一样。
10．D　结合上文可知，年龄增长，皱纹会增多，但我们可以从另外一个角度想，皱纹虽然多了，但起码不“疼”。
11．A　人生的经验和智慧等会“随着”年龄增加而增加。
12．C　与上文的aging和sageing呼应，指有的人只是年龄变老，而有的人却变得贤明，这就是观点“不同”的表现。
13．B　结合上文的how和后面的our situation可知，我们应该明白怎样“考虑”我们的处境。
14 D　由上文的shop和下文的Antiques for sale可知，这家商店的招牌上写着：我们“收购”垃圾，出售古董。
15．A　根据上文，作者想到自己的家里面，是垃圾呢，还是古董？从而联想到人生，这是一个我们“怎样”看待问题的情况。
16．C　与下文的I choose more often呼应，指这也是一个“选择”的问题。
17．B　根据语境，此处指看问题的角度往往是我自己选择的，而并不是我根据当时的情况所“认识到”的。
18．D　与下文的my power to choose my outlook呼应，指选择我们的看法是我们最大的“能力”。
19．A　与下文的growing times对比，指我们应该把“艰辛的”时刻看成一个成长的时刻。
20．D　与上文的see呼应，指我们可以将时间的流逝看作季节的交替而不是年龄的增长，我们也可以“关注”在这个过程中那些美好的事情。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Venice，1.________ small waterside(水边的)city in northeast Italy，boils with happiness and excitement once every year.Between February 21st and March 4th，the carnival (狂欢节)hits the streets.For most people the carnival means large parties and feasts.But in Venice，it also means 2.________(tradition) masks and costumes.
These costumes were 3.________(original) meant to hide personal identities.Then，different social classes could mix in a sea of happiness.
Today，people in Venice still dress up in the strangest ways as armed soldiers，butchers and fishermen，for example.
Bars and cafes are filled with party­goers 4.________ come to show off their strange costumes.Their designs and creations 5.________(make) by special studios.Ready­made costumes are not acceptable.
“In the months 6.________ the carnival we work overtime to meet the demand，” said a mask maker.“Many kilometers of silk and lace are made 7.________ costumes.For shopkeepers，the carnival is the 8.________ time of the year.”
The Venice carnival dates back to the Middle Ages.At that time，the city was 9.________ of the wealthiest in Europe.Now the Venice carnival attracts huge crowds from all over the world.
The city certainly benefits—a whole industry 10.________(build) up around the carnival's masks and costumes.
“The Venice Carnival is a magical time! It's such great experience，” said one French tourist.
【答案】1.a　2.traditional　3.originally　4.who/that
5．are made　6.before　7.into　8.best　9.one
10．has been built
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
(2018·河北衡水中学大联考)May I have you attention，please？I had something important to tell you.Our school will organize a visit the National Museum of China on Saturday morning，December 10.The National Museum of China，where lies to the east of Tian'anmen Square，covers an area of about 70,000 square meter.We will gather at a school gate and starting out at 7：30 in the morning.Our visit starts at 8 o'clock but it will last three hours.Please take up your notebooks and pens with you.In addition，during the visit，please keep quietly.
Do remember 7：30，Saturday morning at the school gate.That's all.Thank you.
【答案】
May I have attention，please？I something important to tell you.Our school will organize a visit the National Museum of China on Saturday morning，December 10.The National Museum of China， lies to the east of Tian'anmen Square，covers an area of about 70,000 square .We will gather at school gate and out at 7：30 in the morning.Our visit starts at 8 o'clock it will last three hours.Please take your notebooks and pens with you.In addition，during the visit，please keep .
Do remember 7：30，Saturday morning at the school gate.That's all.Thank you.
Ⅱ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter对中国春联(Spring Festival couplets)产生了浓厚的兴趣，来信向你了解中国的春联文化。请你用英语写一封回信，为他介绍春联的用途、内容和寓意等。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to know you have a great interest in Spring Festival couplets.
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_____________________________________________________________
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Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Peter，
I'm_glad_to_know_you_have_a_great_interest_in_Spring_Festival_couplets.Now, let me introduce some details of them to you.
As a symbol of Chinese traditional culture, Spring Festival couplets are essential for Chinese people to celebrate the Spring Festival.They are always stuck on the door or the wall of a house.Written with a writing brush on red paper, Spring Festival couplets use some positive words to show wishes for love, health, success, wealth, happiness and so on.They always have a theme, representing a better life or a successful future, and some of them include best wishes and expectations.Besides, the topic of singing high praises of our motherland is another popular choice.
I do hope my introduction can be of help to you.If you have any other questions, please don't hesitate to inform me.
Yours，
Li_Hua
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Time________(permit)，I will see you after the meeting.
2．The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from ________(take) up this sport.
3．________(accustom) to the climate and food，the old couple prefer to live here for the rest of their life rather than move to another city.
4．The party was in________(celebrate) of my parents' silver wedding.
5．You can congratulate________(you) on having done a good job.
6．They exchanged________(greet) and sat down to lunch.
7．You are supposed________(attend) the lecture tomorrow.It is very useful.
8．Over 40% of Americans worry about losing eyesight，but it's easy to include steps into our daily life________(ensure) healthy eyes.
9．All human beings possess a body clock.Along with other alerting systems, this ________ (govern) the sleep/wake cycle.
10．Consistent with the researchers'________(expect) they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.
【答案】1.permitting　2.taking　3.Accustomed
4．celebration　5.yourself　6.greetings　7.to attend
8．to ensure　9.governs　10.expectation
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I have difficulty in persuade him.
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2．I hate it that I'm studying and he keeps bothering me.
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3．It was the bad weather that prohibited them in going to the science museum.
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4．I hardly had time to think these days, let lonely relax.
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5．With all the things she needed buying，she went home happily.
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【答案】1.persuade→persuading　2.that→when　3.in→from　4.lonely→alone　5.buying→bought