2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book2　Unit3　Amazingpeople

Book 2　Unit 3　Amazing people
晨读暮诵　单元话题——社会人物

1．respectable adj.令人尊敬的
2．achievement n．成就
3．volunteer n．志愿者
4．aggressive adj.有进取心的
5．determination n．决心
6．attractive adj.有魅力的
7．distinguished adj.杰出的
8．cooperate v．合作
9．virtue n．美德
10．responsibility n．责任
11．with a strong will有坚强的意志
12．do research on对……做研究
13．be determined to do sth.决心做某事
14．do a good deed做好事
15．in need of需要
16．share…with…与……分享
17．set an example to为……树立榜样
18．be beneficial to对……有好处

1．Many hands make light work.
众人拾柴火焰高。
2．As a dedicated player，Yao Ming sets us a good example.
作为一名富有献身精神的运动员，姚明给我们树立了一个良好的榜样。
3．With great determination and perseverance，she commits to helping the blind and deaf children，which makes a great contribution to the charity.
凭着巨大的决心和毅力，她全身心帮助盲聋儿童，为慈善事业作出重大贡献。
4．She is honored and known as “Mother of Charity” in the world.
她被国际上誉为“慈善之母”。

(2018·高考北京卷)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：
1．该人物是谁；
2．该人物的主要贡献；
3．该人物对你的影响。
注意：1.词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear_Jim，
It's great to hear from you.I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.
As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi (Maps and Records of the World), introduced modern technologies and ideas to China.That opened our eyes to the world.In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.
Interested in knowing more? I can find you some books! Just let me know.
Cheers!
Yours，
Li_Hua


[高频词汇]
1．________(adj.)好奇的，求知欲强的
2．________(n.)大笔的钱，财富；运气
3．________(vt.)保存；保护；保持
4．________(n.)入口
5．________(n.)内容
6．________(n.)巧合，碰巧
7．________(vt.)打扰，扰乱
8．________(n.)信号(vi.&vt.)发信号；表明
9．________(n.)船长，飞机机长；队长；海军上校，陆军、空军上尉
10．________(adj.)广泛的，普遍的
11．________(vt.)启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞
12．________(n.)伴侣；陪伴
13．________(n.)奉献；忠诚；专心
14．________(vt.&n.)谋杀
15．________(adj.)各种各样的
16．________(n.)宇航员
17．________(n.)候选人；申请人
18．________(n.)幸存，存活
19．________(n.)上级，上司(adj.)更好的，更高的
20．________(n.)地位，身份
21．________(n.)品质；质量
22．________(adj.)乐观的，抱乐观看法的
【答案】1.curious　2.fortune　3.preserve　4.entrance
5．content　6.coincidence　7.disturb　8.signal　9.captain
10．widespread　11.inspire　12.companion　13.devotion　14.murder　15.various　16.astronaut　17.candidate
18．survival　19.superior　20.status　21.quality　22.optimistic
[派生词汇]
1．________(adj.)科学的→________(n.)科学家→________(n.)科学
2．________(vi.&vt.)呼吸→________(n.)呼吸
3．________(n.)要求，规定→________(vt.)要求
4．________(vt.)使灰心；劝阻→________(vt.)鼓励→________(n.)勇气
5．________(vi.&vt.)申请；使用，应用→________(n.)申请→________(n.)申请者
[词缀归纳]
在scientific一词中，­ic为构成形容词的后缀。课标中常见的有：energetic adj.有活力的；enthusiastic adj.热情的，热心的；fantastic adj.想象的，奇异的；optimistic adj.乐观的；specific adj.特定的。
【答案】1.scientific；scientist；science　2.breathe；breath
3．requirement；require　4.discourage；encourage；courage
5．apply；application；applicant
[语境活用]
1．He is a ________(好奇的) boy who is always asking questions.
2．We should be ________(乐观的) about the things we do and always hope for the best.
3．This is how I got involved with my charity work to improve the ________(质量) of life for all disabled people.
4．The new cell phone is ________(更好的)in design to the older one.I prefer to buy the new cell phone though it is much more expensive.
5．Alf will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in ________(地位) is well worth the loss of money.
6．What a c________ that I was in Rome at the same time as you!
7．Have you a________ to the company for a job? They are employing more people.
8．I am very sorry if I have d__________ you, but would you like to do me a favor?
9．Her d________ to the protection of the mountain gorillas in Africa reminded people of dangers these animals are facing.
10．At first, Jerry was given at most a one­in­ten chance of s________.The doctors didn't think he would see the summer.
【答案】1.curious　2.optimistic　3.quality　4.superior　
5．status　6.coincidence　7.applied　8.disturbed　
9．devotion　10.survival

1．be curious ________　　　　　　对……感到好奇
2．________ sail 启航
3．search ________ 搜寻
4．along ________ 与……一起
5．be known ________ 作为……而出名
6．come ________ (偶然)遇见；发现
7．as ________ as 也；以及；和
8．die ________ 死于……
9．in connection ________ 关于，与……有关
10．result ________ 导致，结果是……
11．pay ________ 带来好结果；得到回报
12．star ________ 在……担任主角，主演
13．get in touch ________ 与……取得联系
14．come ________ use 开始使用
15．be fit ________ 适合于
16．________ control of 掌管，控制
17．look up ________ 敬佩
【答案】1.about　2.set　3.for　4.with　5.as　6.across　7.well
8．of　9.with　10.in　11.off　12.in　13.with　14.into
15．for　16.in　17.to
[语境活用]
1．I came ________ this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday.
2．His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has resulted ________ many good changes in their lives
3．Steve was very curious ________ the world I came from.He kept asking many questions about life in my hometown.
4．It is thought that Zheng He, a Chinese in the Ming Dynasty, may have been the first person who ________ sail America from the East.
5．She is a good woman who ________ up to the old and looks after the young.
6．A man may usually be known by the books he reads as ________ as by the friends he keeps.
7．The manager made her employees know that hard work would pay ________ one day.
8．There has been some violence after the football match, but the police are now ________ control of the situation.
9．They want to talk to you in connection ________ an unpaid tax bill.
10．I can't get ________ touch with my old friends after my cell phone was stolen.
【答案】1.across　2.in　3.about　4.set　5.looks　6.well
7．off　8.in　9.with　10.in

1. [原句]　By the 1920s，he had become an explorer，searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.
[点拨]　by表示“在……之前，不迟于”，后常接表示时间点的名词。若后接过去时间，则用过去完成时；若接将来时间，则用将来完成时。
[仿写]　等我到达公交车站时，公共汽车已经开走了。
By the time I got to the bus station，the bus __________.
2. [原句]He too visited the tomb，only to catch a high fever the next day.
[点拨]　only to do sth.用作结果状语，意为“不料……，竟然……”。
[仿写]　她兴冲冲地回到家里，却发现一个人也没有。
She came home excitedly，____________ nobody was in.
3. [原句]　Without her work, there would be very few mountain gorillas left today.
[点拨]　without构成含蓄虚拟条件句，意为“如果没有……就会……”。
[仿写]　没有太阳，万物不会生长。
Without the sun, nothing __________________.
4. [原句]　Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test，it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut.
[点拨]　“it was… that…”是强调句型。该句型中，被强调的部分必须是除了谓语动词以外的句子成分，当被强调部分指人且作主语时，that可以用who代替。
[仿写]　并不是因为事情难我们才不敢做，而是因为我们不敢做事情才难。
________________________ we do not dare，but it is because we do not dare that things are difficult.
【答案】1.had already gone　2.only to find　3.would grow
4．It is not because things are difficult that

第一板块　核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．curious adj.好奇的，求知欲强的
(1)be curious about　　　　　　　对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 极想做某事
(2)curiosity n. 好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
(3)curiously adv. 好奇地
①The couple was so curious about wild plants that they decided to travel to the forest.
这对夫妇对野生植物如此好奇，以至于他们决定到森林里去旅行。
②Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them.
孩子们对周围的世界天生就有好奇心。
③Passers­by stared ________ at the foreign kid，with blue eyes and fair skin，wondering why he had Chinese parents.
路人们好奇地盯着这个蓝眼睛白皮肤的外国孩子，琢磨着他怎么会有一对中国父母。
【答案】③curiously

(2016·高考北京卷，阅读理解A)In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website.
[翻译]高中时，我对电脑产生了好奇心，并建立了我的第一个网站。
2．fortune n．[C]一大笔钱；财富[U]运气
(1)seek one's fortune　　　寻找致富及成功之路
make a/one's fortune 发财
try one's fortune 碰运气
tell one's fortune 算命
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的，交好运的
be fortunate to do sth. 幸运的去做某事
(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
①He was fortunate enough to escape unharmed.
他真是幸运，逃了出来，没有受伤。
②________， all of the passengers and crew members were rescued from the ship.
幸运地是，船上所有乘客及船员都获救了。
③Getty made a large fortune in his life，but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.
盖提一生中积累了很多财富，但是他把钱给了艺术界，因为他想让人们了解并热爱艺术。
【答案】②Fortunately
3．preserve vt.保存，保护，保持
(1)preserve sb./sth.from…保护……免于……
preserve one's self­respect/the public order/the world peace维护自尊/维护公共秩序/维护世界和平
(2)类似结构：
protect…from/against… 保护……以避免……的伤害
阻止……做某事
①The society was set up to preserve endangered species ________ extinction.
成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不至于灭绝。
②In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area.
为了回答这个问题，我们必须首先调查人们是否真的想保留他们对一块区域的历史看法。
③I think these interesting old customs should be preserved.
我认为这些有趣的古老的习俗应该保留下来。
【答案】①from
4．content n．内容；[复数]容纳的东西；目录；[单数]含量；满足adj.满足的，满意的vt.使满足
(1)do sth.to one's heart's content
心满意足地/尽情地做某事
(2)be content to do sth. 乐于做某事
be content with 对……满足/满意
(3)content oneself with 满足于；使(某人)自己对
……感到满足
①That rich man is tired of city life，so he is content to live in the country.
那位富人厌倦了城市生活，所以他愿意生活在乡下。
②As time went on，he contented himself with a simple life.
随着时间的流逝，他满足于过简朴的生活。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中content的含义。
③But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.________
④The tray, and its contents, fell on a man who was just about to take a bite of his sandwich.________
⑤When I start to read a book, I always skim over the contents first.________
⑥The baby contented himself with a new toy.________
【答案】③满足的，满意的　④容纳的东西　⑤目录　⑥使满足
5．discourage vt.阻止；使泄气，使灰心
(1)discourage doing sth.　　　　阻止做某事
discourage sb.from doing sth. 劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心
(2)discouraging adj. 令人泄气的
discouraged adj. (人)感到泄气的
discouragement n. 泄气；阻止
①Students soon get discouraged if you criticize them too often.
如果你经常批评学生的话，他们很快就会泄气的。
②Today，Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants ________ eating crops.
今天，露西想看看非洲蜜蜂是否可以阻止大象吃庄稼。
③An encouraging word to those who are down can help them out while a ________ word can kill them.
一句鼓励的话能帮助失意的人振作，而一句丧气的话会让他们一蹶不振。
【答案】②from　③discouraging
6．desire n．渴望，欲望，愿望vt.渴望，期望；想要
(1)a desire to do sth.　　　　　做某事的渴望/愿望
a desire for sth. 对某物的渴望
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
desire that… 渴望/想要……
①The young man has a strong desire to make peace with his colleagues.
这个年轻人非常想和同事们重归于好。
②Her motivation for writing was a desire ________ women to get the right to higher education.
她写作的动力是渴望妇女能得到接受高等教育的权利。
③I desire that these letters ________ after I leave.
我期望我走了以后把这些信件都烧掉。
【答案】②for　③be burnt
[温馨提示]　desire后跟名词性从句时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气形式，即“(should＋)动词原形”。
7．apply vi.申请；适用vt.使用，应用；专心于；涂抹，敷
apply to　　　　　　适用于；向……申请
apply for… 申请……
apply…to… 把……运用于……
apply oneself to 致力于，专心于
①If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her.
如果宪法说所有的人都是自由和平等的，那么她认为这也应该适合于她。
②He applied ________ the job through the regular channels.
他通过正规的途径申请这一工作。
③We applied our minds ________ a solution to our problem.
我们绞尽脑汁寻求解决问题的办法。
【答案】②for　③to finding
8．come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解
come about　　　　　发生；产生
come down with 患(病)
come on 快点；得了；加油
come out (花)开放；出版；结果是
come up 长出；走近；被提出
come up with 提出；想出
come true 实现
come to oneself 苏醒，恢复知觉
①She explained for a long time, but her meaning didn't really come across.
她解释了很长时间，但她的意思没有被人真正理解。
②In the mid­1700s, a Frenchman came up ________ a new design of road.
18世纪中期，一个法国人提出了道路设计新方案。
③When we were wondering what to do, the manager came ________.
当我们正在想该做什么时，经理出现了。
【答案】②with　③out
9．result in导致，结果是……
as a result　　　　　　　结果，因为，由于
as a result of 由于……的结果
without result 徒劳，毫无结果
result from 造成……的结果
①The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths.
气旋已经造成了成千上万人的死亡。
②As a result of the fire，a lot of people lost their lives.
由于大火死了许多人。
③He did the experiment for 200 times ________ result.
这个实验他做了两百次，毫无结果。
【答案】③without
[温馨提示]　result in的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”；result from的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”。
10．pay off成功，带来好结果；得到回报；还清
pay back　　　　　　偿还，偿付；报复
pay for 付钱买……，为……付出代价
pay sb.money for sth. 为……付给某人钱
①Sacrifices pay off in the end.
牺牲最终得到了回报。
②You can depend on it that I'll pay your money back on Friday.
你尽管放心，我星期五就把钱还给你。
③I'll make her pay ________ ruining my chances!
她破坏了我的机会，我要她为此吃苦头！
【答案】③for
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．________(inspire) by James Goodall's example，many other zoologists have begun working with apes in the wild.
2．Jenny worked hard before the final examination，and it paid ________.She got an A.
3．She came ________ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
4．I think these traditional Chinese customs should ________(preserve)．
5．At the front of the book is a table of ________(content), giving details of what is in the book.
6．He applied to a computer company ________ a post in England, but failed.
7．Don't let failure ________ (courage)you.Go on with the creative work.
8．He accumulated a ________(fortunate) by buying and selling used cars and became one of the richest persons in the town.
9．So curious the couple was ________ the milu deer that they decided to go to Dafeng for further research.
10．________ a result，I had no choice but to completely focus on my study.
【答案】1.Inspired　2.off　3.across　4.be preserved
5．contents　6.to　7.discourage　8.fortune　9.about　10.As
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．There is no doubt that the careless driver should be responsible for the accident that resulted from the death of two passengers.
_____________________________________________________________
2．Just out curiosity，where were you last night?
_____________________________________________________________
3．He kept in touch with his brother as soon as he got to Beijing.
_____________________________________________________________
4．They sold their house at the right time and made fortune.
_____________________________________________________________
5．He expressed a desire that the papers would be made public.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.from→in　2.out后加of　3.kept→got
4．fortune前加a/their　5.would→should或去掉would
第二板块　经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．By the 1920 s, he_had_become an explorer，searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.
到了20世纪20年代，他已成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。
by the 1920s意为“到20世纪20年代”，属于“by＋时间名词”，在句中作时间状语。
“by＋时间名词”作状语，句子时态如下：
(1)“by＋表示过去的时间”作状语时，句子谓语一般用过去完成时
by the time＋从句(一般过去时)，主句一般用过去完成时
(2)“by＋表示将来的时间”作状语时，句子谓语一般用将来完成时
by the time＋从句(一般现在时)，主句一般用将来完成时
①He has read about 40 pages of the book by now.
现在这本书他已读了大约40页。
②By the time the doctor arrived at the spot，the patient had died.
当医生到达现场时，病人已经死了。
③By the end of next month，Mary ________________ her study in China.
到下个月底，玛丽将完成在中国的学习。
【答案】③will have finished
2．Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test，it_was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut.
虽然杨利伟并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的席位。
该句使用了强调句型。其常用结构如下：
基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他．
一般疑问结构：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？
特殊疑问结构：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋其他？
not…until结构：It is/was not until…that…
①It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper, after turning it around in her mind for days.
在她脑海里翻来覆去想了好几天之后，正是在一个餐馆里，安妮在一张纸上写下了这句成语。
②Was it three years ago that he went to America for a further study?
他是三年前去美国深造的吗？
③—________________ you got to know she traveled to USA?
—Oh, through one of her colleagues.
——你是怎么知道她去美国旅行的？
——哦，听她的一位同事说的。
④It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
直到将近信的结尾她才提及了自己的计划。
【答案】③How was it that
[温馨提示]　判断是否是强调句的方法：把It is/was…that去掉，看句子的结构及语意是否完整，若完整，则为强调句，若不完整，则不是。
It was at the school gate that I met an old friend of mine.(强调句)
It was the school gate where I met an old friend of mine. (定语从句)

(2018·高考天津卷，单项选择14)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
[分析]　本句是对when引导的时间状语从句进行强调。
[翻译]　只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来时，我们才看到坐在乘客位置的莉莉。
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．正是贝多芬为我们创造了美妙的音乐。
________ Beethoven ________ created wonderful music for us.
2．在英语老师进来前，我们就已经开始练习说英语了。
By the time the English teacher came in, we ________________________.
3．从月球上看，地球表面百分之70被水覆盖，看起来像个大篮球。
________the moon, our earth with water covering seventy percent of its surface, appears a blue ball.
4．他到达那个村庄，结果发现它变化很大。
He arrived at the village，________________________ it had changed greatly.
5．要不是我们航班延误，我们现在就在三亚享受阳光了。
We ________________________ the sunshine in Sanya now without the delay of our flight.
【答案】1.It was；who/that　2.had started practising speaking English　3.Seen from　4.only to find　5.would be enjoying
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面的小作文。
1．孩子们往往对任何新奇事物都感到好奇。(be curious about)
2．我们不应该阻止他们探索新事物，而应该激励他们这样做。(discourage，inspire)
3．如果利用得好，好奇心很可能会带来成功。(result in)
4．即使不成功，对孩子来说也是一种经历，他们会从中学到许多有益的东西。(even if)
【参考范文】
Children are often curious about any new and strange thing.We should not discourage them from exploring these things but inspire them to do so.If made good use of，curiosity is very likely to result in success.Even if they don't succeed，it's also an experience for your child，where they can benefit a lot.

[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When Debbie decided to pursue(追逐) her dream，she rented a typewriter，put it on the kitchen table，and began typing each morning after the kids went to school.When the kids came home，she moved the typewriter and made them dinner.When they went to bed，she moved it back and typed some more.For two years，Debbie followed this routine.Supermom had become a struggling writer and she was loving every minute of it.
One night，however her husband，Wayne，sat her down and said，“Honey，I'm sorry，but you're not bringing in any income.we can't do this anymore.We can't survive on just what I make.” That night，her heart was broken and her mind was too busy to let her sleep.Debbie knew that working 40 hours a week would leave her no time to write.
Seeing her despair，her husband woke up and asked，“What's wrong？” “I really think I'd have made it as a writer.I really do.” Wayne was silent for a long time，then sat up，turned on the light，and said，“All right，honey，go for it.” So Debbie returned to her dream and her typewriter，pounding out page after page for another two years. Her family went without vacations，pinched(捏) pennies，and wore hand­me­downs.
But the sacrifice and the persistence finally paid off.After five years of struggling，Debbie sold her first book.Then another.And another.Until finally，today，over 60 million copies of her books are in print，and she has millions of loyal fans.
And Wayne? All that sacrifice in support of his wife paid off handsomely.He got to retire at age 50 and now spends his time building an airplane in the basement of their 7,000 square­foot mansion( 宅邸). Debbie's kids got a gift far more important than a few summer camps.As adults，they realize what Debbie gave them was far more important—permission and encouragement to pursue their own dreams.
1．What's the dream of Debbie?
A．Owning a typewriter.
B．Loving every minute of life.
C．Becoming a writer.
D．Following this routine.
2．Why did her heart break?
A．Because she brought in no income.
B．Because they can't live on just what her husband made.
C．Because Debbie had to follow her routine.
D．Because she didn't get support from her husband.
3. What's NOT necessary for her success?
A．Sacrifice.　　　　　　 B．Money.
C．Persistence. D．Support.
4. Which is far more important to pursue the kids' dreams?
A．Permission and encouragement.
B．A few summer camps.
C．They got many gifts.
D．A great environment of family.
【答案与解析】
1．C　细节理解题。由第三段第二句“I really think I'd have made it as a writer…”可知，黛比的梦想是成为一名作家。
2．D　推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，黛比心碎的原因是因为丈夫的话，她的努力起初没有得到丈夫的支持，故选D。
3．B　细节理解题。由第四段第一句“But the sacrifice and the persistence finally paid off.”可知A和成功的必备条件，而由最后一段第二句All that sacrifice in support of his wife paid off handsomely.可知D项也是成功的必备条件，故本题选B。
4．A　细节理解题。由最后一段最后两句可知，黛比给孩子的礼物比几次夏令营更重要，那就是追逐梦想的支持与鼓励，故选A。
B
(2019· 浙江省高三“五校联考”第一次考试)Japan has made a lot of noise in recent years about removing the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work.So it was shocking when, on August 7th, Tokyo Medical University (TMU), a distinguished medical school, admitted marking down the test scores of female applicants to keep the ratio of women in each class below 30%.
Their defence was that women are more likely to drop out to marry and have children.To judge female applicants to medical school purely on their academic performance would leave Japan with a shortage of doctors, they said.The admission has caused outrage.
“Doctoring has long been a male field.But it is not the only one.Discrimination is common in banks and trading firms, where stamina (耐力) and loyalty, qualities somehow associated with men, are prized，” says Mari Miura, a political scientist at Sophia University.All this embarrasses a government that has promised to make women “shine”．The policy seems based on the need for more workers rather than on genuine concern for women.
Shinzo Abe, the prime minister, says he wants to bring millions more women into the workforce to make up for a labour shortfall caused by its ageing and declining population.In the field of politics, the record under Mr.Abe's premiership (首相任期) is disappointing.Just two members of his 20­strong cabinet are women, including Seiko Noda, in charge of women's rights.Ms.Noda, who makes little secret of her ambition to beat Mr.Abe in a leadership contest next month, has just published a book called “Grab the Future”， her public declaration for pulling Japan into line with “global standards”．She has almost no chance of winning.
5．According to the passage, what has aroused the public's shock and outrage in Japan?
A．Women being more likely to drop out of school to marry and have children.
B．TMU judging female applicants to medical school merely on their test scores.
C．TMU putting a lower grade on female applicants to keep a low percentage of women in each class.
D．Japan tending to abandon the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work.
6．What do we know about Seiko Noda?
A．She is quite likely to win the leadership contest.
B．She never fails to show her ambition in public.
C．She is the only female member in Abe's cabinet.
D．Her newly released book “Grab the Future” is a bit hit.
7．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Doctoring has long been a male field in Japan.
B．Professions like banking and trading are tailored to men.
C．Shinzo Abe performed poorly in dealing with labour shortfall.
D．Discrimination against women in careers in Japan is a big concern.
【答案与解析】
5．C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，东京医科大学(TMU)承认降低了女性申请者的考试分数，使每个班级的女性比例低于30%。
6．B　细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“…makes little secret of her ambition to beat Mr. Abe in a leadership contest…”可知，她公开表现出她的雄心壮志。
7．D　主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章通过日本东京医科大学身陷“改分门”，被爆压低女考生录取率，从而引出日本对职业女性的歧视这一个大问题。
C
(2018·安徽省合肥市高三第二次质检)It's not every day that United States history mixes with microbes (微生物) in the soil.But when the grassland on the National Mall in Washington, D．C.was replaced, it offered scientists the opportunity to study changes in the soil beneath.
The work focused on the bacteria present in the soil.To the researchers' surprise, the communities of microbes did not change a lot before and after the replacement.These communities in the soil are known as the soil microbiome (微生物群)．
“My lab is interested in how microbes can move around in the environment, and how they change and adapt as a result of this movement，” explains Jo Anne Crouch, the lead author of the study.“We thought that the new ‘imported’turf (草皮) from New Jersey would introduce different communities of bacteria to the National Mall.However, we found that they weren't significantly different.”
Crouch's work focused on turf grass, defined as a large area of green grass.It is made up of the grass, its roots, and the soil and microbes found with them.
Think of the soil microbiome as similar to the collection of microbes found in the human body.When the microbes are out of balance, it can make someone sick.Crouch says it's the same for the soil microbiome.Many of the worst diseases in crops or other environments are linked with changes in the soil microbiome.
Additionally, Crouch says that even though the changes between the soils were small, scientists are also starting to appreciate that sometimes a really important microbe is a rare one.This means it would be hard to observe but could greatly affect how the groups function as a whole.“Agricultural areas and other natural spaces are highly and easily hurt by negative changes，” she says.“Microbiomes offer an almost entirely new opportunity to influence interactions among plants and microbes to improve plant productivity and health.”
8．Why did the researchers feel surprised when they focused on the bacteria in the soil?
A．More bacteria appeared in the soil.
B．Microbes were replaced obviously.
C．Soil microbiome almost remained stable.
D．The soil microbiomes damaged the environment.
9．By studying the turf grass, what did Crouch and her team find?
A．Microbes grew faster in their own community.
B．Soil microbiomes were different in different places.
C．Turf grass adapted to the environment nearby very soon.
D．Similar communities of bacteria were brought by turf grass.
10．Why did the author mention the microbes in the human body?
A．To indicate the two play a similar role.
B．To prove they are both the causes of diseases.
C．To examine the environments people live in.
D．To analyze the changes of human microbes.
11．What does Crouch mean in the last paragraph?
A．Microbes are still as hard to observe as before.
B．Studies on microbiomes can be beneficial to agriculture.
C．Scientists are still puzzled about the effect of microbiomes.
D．Too many microbiomes in the soil mean no harm to plants.
【答案与解析】
8．C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，使研究者惊讶的是，在草地被替换前后，其土壤中的微生物群落几乎保持稳定。
9．D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，通过对草皮的研究，克劳奇和她的团队发现类似的细菌群落是由草坪草带来的。
10．A　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Think of the soil microbiome as similar to the collection of microbes found in the human body.”可知，提到人体中的微生物群组是为了表示在这两个类型中相类似的角色。
11．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第一、二句可知，对微生物群落的研究对农业是有益的。
D
It is common and usual to see people freak_out when they face challenges in their life.We all pass in different life problems and challenges.No one is free of life problems.Only a dead man faces no problem.As long as you are alive，challenges are everywhere.

How do you face problems and challenges in your life? Problems and challenges are the building blocks of your personality.They make you who you are.Besides，whether what happened in your life builds or destructs you depends on how you look at it.If you take your problems as troubles，they will be troubles and may cause destruction.If you take them as constructive tools，you are going to be built up on them.
Problems are everywhere.No one can avoid them.And they are good too.They open up a different look and opportunity if you are willing to see.When you face troubles，do not frustrate or freak out.Just cool yourself to think in a different direction.Think in a positive way.Every problem has its own good as well as bad sides.Focus on the good one.Look at the bright side.
Besides，there is always a good person，perhaps your mom or dad，or one of your friends，right beside you who can turn everything into your best if you are willing to turn to them.No matter what happens，they will be there to help you.Trust them and they will never let you down.All you need to know is that you are loved wherever you are.
12．What's the meaning of the underlined phrase “freak out” in Paragraph 1?
A．Feel shy. B．Feel upset.
C．Feel happy. D．Stay calm.
13. In Paragraph 2，the writer implies that________.
A．problems cause troubles
B．challenges can be avoided
C．attitude is everything
D．personalities are built on failures
14．According to the last paragraph，when we're in trouble，we________.
A．can only depend on our parents
B．are not confident
C．should only believe ourselves
D．are not alone
15. What's the writer's purpose to write the passage?
A．To explain. B．To compare.
C．To prove. D．To encourage.
【答案与解析】
12．B　词义猜测题。由画线词所在句“…when they face challenges in their life.”可猜测freak out意为“心烦意乱的，不安的”。
13．C　推理判断题。由文章第二段“If you take your problems as troubles…If you take them as constructive tools…”可知态度决定一切，故C为正确选项。
14．D　细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Besides，there is always a good person…right beside you…”可知当处于困境时，我们并不孤独，故D为正确选项。
15.D　推理判断题。本文论述了人生难免会遇到困难，但是困难也能开阔视野，也能提供机会。最后作者告诉人们无论在什么情况下，都有人在你身边。故本文是鼓励的语气。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2018·陕西省高三省际名校联考)It can be truly terrifying to fall through ice on a frozen lake.　1　In fact, there is more time to help you survive than you think.
As you first hit the freezing water, you will almost breathe quickly at once.Remember to get control of your breathing and not to move around.　2　This means that it takes about one minute to gain control of your breathing，ten minutes to move before you get too cold.The final one is to remind you that it will take one hour before you become unconscious.
Take that first minute and fully focus on your breathing.Slow it down, and then look around to see if you can locate the thickest area of ice.When you locate the ice, stretch your arms over the surface, and then begin to flutter­kick(上下打水)until your body becomes horizontal with the surface.　3　
It is possible that you can live for several hours after passing out.This, however, does require some planning.You only have about 10 minutes before your muscles and nerves become too cold to work.Besides, what if you feel too weak to go on and you cannot get out？　4　The point is to encourage your coat to freeze to the ice, so that if you lose consciousness, you will keep your head out of ice.　5　
A．It can help to remember the “1­10­1 principle”．
B．However, if you remain calm, it can save your life.
C．Remove any clothing or heavy objects that are weighting you down.
D．Thus you will remain visible for rescue, even if you pass out.
E．Kick hard and use your arms and hands to climb out of the water.
F．Remember that you should always stay off ice that's only 3 inches.
G．Place your arms over the surface of the ice and remain still.
【答案】1～5　BAEGD
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
I always hear that brave people on social media.If bravery is as simple as showing __1__during a time of fear, I ___2__ a time when I had a scary experience.
My family had just arrived at our Christmas holiday house when the __3__ came to drop off the keys and __4__ us to watch out for rodents running around his house.My parents __5__ and said they would __6__ the situation if they appear.The thought of __7__ something like a mouse __8__ entered my mind.Besides, my father always came to my __9__ if I needed him.
While my parents __10__ our bags, I decided to watch a movie in my room.Everyone else was __11__ so I had to take care of my brother. Halfway through the movie, I really needed to take a bathroom __12__ so I stepped out of my room, leaving him alone in his baby bed.He disliked it, but I would only be __13__ for a moment.“What's the __14__ that could happen？” I thought.
When I left the room, my brother began to cry __15__ he usually did.However, his crying grew louder and more fearful, so I hurried back, and was greeted by an __16__ furry visitor.
“Dad！” I cried, “There is a rat in my room！”
“Killing it！” he __17__.
“But Dad, I can't.”
My mind __18__； I was so frightened.The first thing I saw was an umbrella, so __19__ it.WACK! I began to hit the rat until it stopped moving.
My parents were __20__that I put my fears aside to protect my brother.That day, I felt brave.
1．A.strength　 B．progress
C．intelligence　 D．skill
2．A.waste　　 B．recall
C．spend　　　 D．appreciate
3．A.neighbor　 B．agent　
C．stranger　　 D．owner
4．A.warned　 B．begged　
C．allowed　 D．encouraged
5．A.sighed　 B．nodded　
C．coughed　　 D．shook
6．A.ignore　　 B．handle
C．overcome　 D．challenge
7．A.observing　 B．playing　
C．teasing　　 D．killing
8．A.almost　 B．gradually
C．never　　　　 D．suddenly
9．A.life　　　　 B．hand　
C．mind　　　　 D．aid
10．A.unpacked　 B．unfolded
C．unlocked　 D．uncovered
11．A.occupied　 B．excited
C．hurried　　　 D．frightened
12．A.leave　 B．walk　
C．break　　 D．chance
13．A.available　 B．brave　　
C．lost 　　　 D．gone
14．A.least　　 B．worst　　
C．most 　　 D．best
15．A.when　　 B．if　　　
C．as　　　 D．until
16．A.unreasonable B．unexpected
C．unconscious D．unqualified
17．A.complained　 B．informed
C．yelled　　 D．signed
18．A.froze　　　 B．broke　
C．wandered　　 D．changed
19．A.kicked　　 B．handed
C．seized　　 D．threw
20．A.afraid　　 B．awkward　
C．overjoyed　 D．proud
【答案与解析】
1．A　联系语境可知此处表达的是“如果勇敢单单是在恐惧的时候展现出力量”，故选A。
2．B　根据本句中的when I had a scary experience可知，此处表示作者“回忆”了自己的一段经历。
3．D　根据本句中的“My family had just arrived at our Christmas holiday house”可知，作者一家刚到度假房，因此“房东”来送钥匙。
4．A　根据本句中的“watch out for rodents running around his house”可知，房东“警告”我们当心附近会有啮齿动物出没。
5．B　根据上文可知，房东警告我们当心附近会有啮齿动物出没，因此作者父母自然是“点头”。
6．B　根据语境可知，经过房东提醒，作者的父母表示会提防啮齿动物，如果啮齿动物出现，他们会“处理”的。
7．D　根据下文作者的经历可知，此处表示“杀死”老鼠之类的东西。
8．C　根据语境可知，作者“从来没”想过杀死老鼠之类的动物。
9．D　根据常识可知，如果“我”需要父亲，他会来帮助“我”。to one's aid帮助某人。
10．A　根据上文中的“My family had just arrived at our Christmas holiday house…”可推断，作者父母“打开”我们的包。
11．A　根据本句中的“I had to take care of my brother”可知，别人没有空闲。
12．C　这里表示在电影看到一半的时候，作者不得不去上厕所。故选C。
13．D　在电影看到一半的时候，作者实在忍不住要去上厕所，虽然弟弟不愿意一个人待着，但作者只去一会儿。
14．B　根据上文可知，作者只是去一会儿，这么一会儿情况最坏会怎么样？
15．C　根据语境可知，当作者离开房间时，弟弟开始像往常一样哭。
16．B　根据本句中的“furry visitor”以及下文可知，作者看到了一个毛茸茸的不速之客。
17．C　根据本句中的“Killing it！”可推断，父亲“喊道”，杀死它。
18．A　根据本句中的“I was so frightened”可知，作者吓得“僵住”了。
19．C　根据后面一句中的“hit the rat”可知，作者看到一把伞，抓住伞。
20．D　根据本句中的“I put my fears aside to protect my brother”可知作者能抛开自己的恐惧，保护弟弟，父母为作者感到“自豪”。
Ⅱ.语法填空
The warm weather outside may look perfect for outdoor exercise.But for 1.________ who are not that sporty，what could be nicer than having 2.________(relax) afternoon tea with a few good friends and taking 3.________ break?
But are you familiar with the culture of afternoon tea—its origins, 4.________ is included，and the proper etiquette? We sum up a few things you need to know about this traditional English custom so that you can enjoy it more.
While the tradition of drinking tea 5.________ (date) back to about 3000 BC in China，it was not until the mid­17th century 6.________ the concept of “afternoon tea” first appeared in the UK.
In 1840，Anna Maria Russell，the seventh Duchess of Bedford，started asking for a tea tray with butter，bread and cakes at 4 p．m. every day，as she found she was hungry at this time every day and the evening meal in her household was served 7.________(fashion) late at 8 p．m.She found this new habit difficult 8.________(break) and soon invited other ladies in society to join her.
This pause for tea quickly became a fashionable social event.9.________ the 1880s，the upper class and society women 10.________ put on gowns，gloves and hats for their afternoon tea.
【答案】1.those　2.relaxing　3.a　4.what　5.dates
6．that　7.fashionably　8.to break　9.During/In　10.would
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
(2018·吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量监测)One day, when I was about 5 or 6 years old, my parents went to a trip.Grandma seemed so happy to take care of me which she made me a special breakfast.Therefore, I complained about the food she cooked, Grandma quiet put down the bowl and went into the living room.I followed and saw tear in her eyes.It was the first time that I have ever seen my strong grandmother to cry.And I knew I was the one who had caused it.I apologized and asked her to forgive me.She smiled and told me I was good boy even if I didn't feel like one then.That memory will stay in her heart forever, because I learn that ask for forgiveness helps me to learn and grow.
【答案】
One day, when I was about 5 or 6 years old, my parents went a trip.Grandma seemed so happy to take care of me she made me a special breakfast.， I complained about the food she cooked, Grandma put down the bowl and went into the living room.I followed and saw in her eyes.It was the first time that I ever seen my strong grandmother cry.And I knew I was the one who had caused it.I apologized and asked her to forgive me.She smiled and told me I was good boy even if I didn't feel like one then.That memory will stay in heart forever, because I learn that for forgiveness helps me to learn and grow.
Ⅱ.书面表达
(2018·湖南师大附中期末考试)假如你是李华，你接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇人物介绍。请根据以下信息进行写作。
姓名：余光中
生平：1928年10月21日生于南京，2017年12月14日卒于台湾
毕业学校：1952年毕业于台湾大学
专业：外语
爱好：阅读和写作
身份：诗人﹑散文家和翻译家
成就以及代表作： 其诗文和译著共40多种，获得台湾地区文学界各种重要奖项；其代表作《乡愁》入选中小学课本。被称为文坛“璀璨五彩笔”。
提示词：
散文家 essayist；《乡愁》Homesickness; 璀璨五彩笔 ‘Bright Multicolored Pens’
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Editor,
It is my great honor to take on the task to write an article about a cultural celebrity.__________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Editor，
It_is_my_great_honor_to_take_on_the_task_to_write_an_article_about_a_cultural_celebrity. Today, I will introduce a well­known person, Yu Guangzhong. As a brilliant star in the literary circle, he is entitled as the ‘Bright Multicolored Pens’. He was born on October 21,1928 in Nanjing and died on December 14,2017 in Taiwan. With a strong interest in reading and writing, he graduated from Taiwan University in 1952，majoring in Foreign Language. Later, his outstanding talent and diligence made him a famous poet, essayist and translator, honored with a variety of awards in Taiwan. His poem, Homesickness has been selected into the textbook, deeply loved by the primary and middle school students. His achievements and personality have cast a heavy positive influence on people's life, which will be everlasting.
Yours,__
Li_Hua
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The meeting ________(last)a full week by the time it ends.
2．Don't ______________ (discourage) by the first failure—try again.
3．The island is 700 miles from the North Pole and the team of ________(explore) will arrive before November.
4．Marty has been working really hard on his painting and he think he ________(finish) it.
5．Because of his ________(devote)to his work, he spent little time with his family.
6．In computer programming, this model is superior ______ any of the others we have in the department.
7．Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.
8．Monitor in Class 8 rushed to the classroom to ask for help only ________ (find)none of the classmates there.
9．Jackson as well as his classmates ________ going to learn Shakespeare's works next week, of which some are hard to understand.
10．________ is certain, Professor Li says, is that the environmental effect of information technology as a whole is great and ever rising.
【答案】1.will have lasted　2.be discouraged　3.explorers
4．will have finished　5.devotion　6.to　7.that　8.to find
9．is　10.What
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He made a lot of careless mistakes, resulting from his failure in this driving test.
_____________________________________________________________
2．She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do whichever it takes to save her life.
_____________________________________________________________
3．The variety of food at the restaurant is limited, but every meal can serve at least two people and is under ￥10, so not only it affordable but practical as well.
_____________________________________________________________
4．His lifelong devotion to help children in poor areas moved many Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________
5．The scientist shows little concern about politics, only bury himself completely in his scientific research.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.from→in　2.whichever→whatever　3.在it前加is　4.help→helping　5.bury→burying