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2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮复习外研新课改省份专用讲义：选修6Module1SmallTalk
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Module 1 Small Talk
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．yawn v． 打呵欠
2．sigh v. 叹气，叹息
3．immigration n. 移民
4．visa n. 签证
5．reception n. 欢迎会；招待会
6．embassy n. 使馆
7．firm n. 公司
8．outspoken adj. 直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的
9．motto n. 座右铭，格言
10．typist n. 打字员
11．mature adj. 成熟的
12．tease v. 戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄
13．contradict v. 反驳
14．pregnant adj. 怀孕的
15．acquaintance n. 熟人
16．divorce n. 离婚，离异
17．anniversary n. 周年纪念日
18．violate v. 骚扰，妨碍，侵犯
19.define v．解释，给……下定义
20．circumstance n. 情形，情况
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．lack v. 缺乏，缺少
2．opportunity n. 机会
3．prize n. 奖品，奖金
4．tidy v. 使……整洁，整理
5．favour n. 恩惠，照顾
6．certain pron. 某些
7．reply n. 回答，答复，回信
8．shortcoming n. 缺点，短处
9．awkward adj. 尴尬的
10．coincidence n. 巧合
11．customer n. 顾客，客户
12．cautious adj. 谨慎的，慎重的，小心的
13．anyhow adv. 不管怎么说，无论如何
14．interrupt v. 打断
15．function n. 功能
16．purpose n. 目的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．informal adj.非正式的→formal adj.正式的
2．serious adj.严肃的→seriously adv.严肃地
3．confidently adv.自信地→confident adj.自信的→confidence n．信心；自信
4．advance adj.预先的，在前的n.前进 v．前进；提前→advanced adj.先进的；高级的
5．application n．申请→apply v．申请；应用
6．impolite adj.不礼貌的→impolitely adv.不礼貌地→polite adj.礼貌的
7．absence n．缺乏，不存在→absent adj.缺席的，不在场的；缺少的，缺乏的
8．apology n．道歉，致歉→apologise v．道歉
9．messy adj.棘手的，难办的→mess n．混乱的局面
10．modest adj.谦虚的，谦逊的→modesty n．谦虚；谦逊
11．successful adj.成功的→success n．成功→succeed vi.成功；继承，接替
12．imagine v．想象→imagination n．想象，想象力→imaginary adj.想象中的，假想的，虚构的→imaginative adj.富有想象力的
[语境活用]
1．It's impolite for you to speak to your parents impolitely in public. On the contrary, it's polite to talk to them gently. (polite)
2．We did wrong to him. I have apologised to him and you should make an apology too.(apology)
3．He succeeded his father as manager of the company. Soon their business became very successful. Lots of people wanted to know the secret of his success. (success)
4．Tom used to be confident about his future. He once said confidently that he would go to a key college. But his confidence was almost shaken by the failure in the final examination. (confident)
5．I have never seen my grandmother but I always imagine her as a kind, old lady. My mother told me that she was a writer with great imagination and wrote several imaginary novels. (imagine)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.make_friends 交朋友，建立友谊
2．(be)_nervous_about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安
3．think_of 想起，回忆起
4．look_away_from 把目光从……移开
5．in_addition 除此之外，另外
6．find_out 了解(到)；找出(信息)
7．as_a_consequence 因此，结果
8．cheer_sb._up 使某人高兴/振作起来
9．leave_out 省去，删去，漏掉
10．(be)_aware_of 知道
11．take_the_lead 带头，领先
12．show_off 炫耀
1.Many people thought highly of what he said, but personally, I thought he just showed himself off.
2．He left_out very important information in his report. That was why he was criticized by his boss.
3．He withdrew from political life and as_a_consequence he was soon forgotten.
4．Mountain climbing must be very tiring. In_addition,_you might feel sick with the air getting thinner.
5．When I meet with difficulties, her eyes will encourage me and help cheer_me_up.
6．I think_of the happy time we spent together every time I go back to my hometown.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours!
和一个人谈论他自己，他会和你说上几个小时。
“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。
当你完成它以后就打电话给我，我就会来你工作的地方接你。
Call_me_when_you_get_it_through,_and I'll pick you up at your work place.
2.Her motto was “Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.”
她的“座右铭”是“每当我张口，就会讲错话。”
every time引导时间状语从句。
每次我看到这张照片时，我总想起在大学的美好时光。
Every_time_I_see_the_photo,_I always think of the wonderful time in university.
3.It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
据估计80%的英语会话是闲聊。
it作形式主语，真正主语为后面 that 引导的从句。
(2017·北京高考书面表达)众所周知，长江是亚洲最长的河流，拥有许多景点。
It's_widely_known_that the Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and has so many scenic spots.
二、课堂重点深化
1. lack v．& n．缺乏，缺少
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①For lack of confidence, she is lacking (lack) in skills of communicating.
②While college graduates complain of a lack of available jobs, factories are facing difficulties in hiring workers.
[系统归纳]
(1)lack sth. 缺乏/少某物
(2)(a) lack of ... 缺乏/少……
for lack of ... 因缺乏……
(3)lacking adj. 缺少的，不足的
be lacking in 缺少(品质、特点等)；在……方面缺乏
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③由于缺少空间，在大城市已经修建了越来越多的高楼。
More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for_lack_of_space.
2．advance adj.预先的，在前的 v．前进，进展；促进；提前 n．前进，进展，进步；增长
[自主体验]
写出下列句中advance的词性和含义
①The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keepers sometimes had advance notice.adj.预先的
②There have been great advances in medicine in the last ten years.n.进展，进步
③This will further advance the friendly relations between the two countries. v．促进
④The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Monday. v．提前
[系统归纳]
(1)in advance＝ahead of time 提前
in advance of 比……进步；在……之前
make advances in 在……方面取得进展
(2)advanced adj. 高级的；进步的；先进的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)此外，我建议你到书店买一本历史书，提前了解一下唐朝的历史，这可能有助于你更好地理解将要学习的唐诗。
Besides, I advise you to go to the bookstore to buy a history book and learn_the_history_of_the_Tang_Dynasty_in_advance,_which can help you better understand the poems to be learned.
3. absence n．缺乏，不存在
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①In the absence of proof, the police could not take action against the man.
②What made the teacher angry was his absence from school yesterday without permission.
补全句子
③I will go on a business trip tomorrow. Mark will be in charge of the company in/during_my_absence.
我明天要出差，我不在时由马克负责这个公司。
[系统归纳]
(1) absence from 缺席；不在
in the absence of 由于缺乏；(人)不在，缺席； (物)不存在，缺少
in/during one's absence 在某人不在时，在某人缺席时
(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在的(作后置定语)
be absent from 缺席；不在
[重点强化]
佳句时时写(一句多译)
很长时间没有上学后，我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课。
④My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my_long_absence_from school. (absence)
⑤My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after I_had_been_absent from_school_for_a_long_time. (absent)
4．apology n．道歉，致歉
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I owe you an apology for what I said this morning. Anyhow I mean no offence.
②She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on the top floor.
补全句子
③If you are really wrong, you should make_an_apology_to_your_roommate. (apology)
如果你真的错了，你应该向你的室友道歉。
[系统归纳]
(1)make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而向某人道歉
accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉
(2)apologise v. 道歉
apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而向某人道歉
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④我衷心希望你能接受我的道歉并理解我。
I sincerely hope you can accept_my_apologies and understand me.
5．imagine v．想象
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Sometimes, imagination (imagine) is more important than knowledge during our studies.
②We all imagine her as a talented dancer.
补全句子
③The scenery of nature there is so beautiful that it's beyond_imagination.
那儿的自然风光真的是太美了，美得让人难以想象。
[系统归纳]
(1)imagine (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 想象(某人)做某事
imagine sb./sth. as/to be ... 把某人/物想象成……
imagine＋从句 想象……
(2)imagination n. 想象；想象力
beyond imagination 超乎想象
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④我经常想象未来我的生活会是什么样子。
I often imagine_what_my_life_will_be_like in the future.
1．in addition 除此之外，另外；此外
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2016·四川高考)In addition, I can see different kinds of beautiful birds.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Working out in the morning provides additional (addition) benefits beyond being physically fit.
[系统归纳]
(1)in addition＝besides/furthermore/what's more 另外，而且
in addition to＝besides/apart from/as well as 除……之外还……
(2)additional adj. 额外的，附加的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)此外，许多作品将会在这个剪纸展上展出。
In_addition,_many works will be displayed in the papercutting exhibition.
2．leave out省去，删去；漏掉；忽视，冷落；忽略，不考虑
[自主体验]
写出下列句中leave out的含义
①All the others seemed to know each other and I began to feel left out.忽视，冷落
②You can leave out the parts of the story that are not interesting.省去，删去
③He didn't say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose.漏掉
④We left out the possibility of his coming to the party.不考虑，忽略
[系统归纳]
leave for 动身去……
leave behind 遗留，遗忘；使落后
leave ... alone 不打扰，别管
leave ... aside 暂时不予考虑，暂时搁在一边
[重点强化]
单句语法填空
⑤When you go camping, please do not leave behind any trash.
⑥Leave religious factors aside,_it is actually a social problem.
⑦She wants to think things out quietly, so we had better leave her alone.
佳句时时写
⑧如果你能帮我看一下英语作文并检查一下我是否遗漏了一些信息，我将不胜感激。
I'd appreciate it if you could help me look through the English composition to check whether I have left_out_some_information.
3．show off炫耀；卖弄
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym.
②When they showed up for their Sunday game, they were completely different.
[系统归纳]
show up 暴露，显露；出现，露面
show sb. in/out 带某人进来/出去
show sb. around 带领某人参观某地
on show 在展出
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③下午，我将带你参观海河。
In the afternoon, I will show_you_around the Haihe River.
4．every time引导时间状语从句
[教材原句] Her motto was “Every_time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.”
[自主体验]
①“Every/Each_time_you_eat_a_sweet,_drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.
我妈妈过去常常告诉我“每次吃糖果时，喝杯绿茶”。
②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.
我记得上次你参观我们学校时给我看了一些有关那个主题的照片。
③I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice immediately/instantly/directly I_picked_up_the_phone.
我对他太熟悉了，一拿起电话就听出了他的声音。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)every time/each time引导时间状语从句，意为“每当……的时候”。
(2)the first time/(the) next time/the last time引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次/下次/上次(最后一次)……时”。
(3)the minute/moment/instant引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
(4)immediately/instantly/directly引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
注意事项
the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”；for the first time是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)Every time I look at the picture, I always think of my childhood.
②(增分要点句)The first time I interviewed him, he looked a bit nervous.
5．It is＋过去分词＋that从句
[教材原句] It_is_estimated_that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
[自主体验]
①(2015·安徽高考)It_is_reported_that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
据报道，一座空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。
②It's_known_to_all_that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
众所周知，“有志者，事竟成。”
③It_is_suggested_that all the people who will join in picking apples should wear a hat and a pair of gloves.
人们建议参加这次采摘苹果的所有人都要戴一顶帽子和一副手套。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
“It is＋过去分词＋that ...”结构常见的还有：
It is said that ... 据说……
It is reported that ... 据报道……
It is known to all that ... 众所周知……
It is hoped that ... 人们希望……
It is thought that ... 人们认为……
It is suggested that ... 人们建议……
It is believed that ... 人们相信/认为……
注意事项
此句式可转化为含有as引导定语从句的复合句，也可转化为“sb./sth. is＋过去分词＋to do/to have done ...”句型。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)It is reported that the weather there is very hot and dry, which is very different from that of your country.
②(精彩开头句)As is known to all, with the improvement of people's living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport.
③(增分要点句)Tiring as it might be, the military training is believed to be the best opportunity to make lifelong friends.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“社会交往”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一) 问候、介绍
温故浅易词汇
①greet ②introduce ③invite ④topic ⑤interest ⑥discuss
识记生疏词汇
①conversation n．会话 ②regards n．问候，致意
③response n．回复 ④respects n．敬意
⑤relation n．关系 ⑥companion n．同伴
⑦acquaintance n．熟人 ⑧accompany vt.陪伴
子话题(二) 情感交流
温故浅易词汇
①praise ②thank ③complain
④excuse ⑤apologize ⑥appreciate
⑦proud
识记生疏词汇
①criticize v．批评 ②blame v．责备
③admire v．钦佩 ④acknowledge v．答谢
⑤forgive v．原谅；宽恕 ⑥guilty adj.内疚的
⑦considerate adj.体贴的 ⑧merciful adj.仁慈的
⑨respectful adj.尊敬的 ⑩harmonious adj.和谐的
常用词块忆一忆
①small talk 闲聊
②have a conversation 交谈
③have a talk with 与……交谈
④make friends 交朋友
⑤have good communication with 与……沟通良好
⑥body language 肢体语言
⑦social rules 社会规则
⑧social skills 社交技能
⑨better listener 更好的倾听者
⑩find a balance 找到平衡
⑪be concerned about 关心
⑫ease one's mind 放松思绪
⑬show respect for 对……表示尊敬
⑭embarrassing experiences 尴尬的经历
⑮ring up 给……打电话
⑯get through 接通(电话)
⑰hang on 稍等
⑱hang up 挂断电话
⑲see sb.off 为某人送行
⑳wave goodbye to sb. 与某人挥手告别
写作佳句背一背
①We are expected to say “Thanks” when people help us, and make an apology with “Sorry”．
②I hope we can stay in touch with each other so that we can communicate with each other.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
话题应用文分步写作
假定你是李华，收到英国朋友Alice的邮件，以下是邮件内容：
Dear Li Hua，
How are you doing these days? I'm having some problems and would like to get your advice.
My parents want me to spend my summer with them this year but I would prefer to go somewhere with my friends. I love my parents but sometimes they are overprotective. I feel that I am old enough and responsible enough to
go away without their supervision (照看)．
Any suggestions you could give me about this issue would be greatly appreciated.
Yours，
Alice
请给Alice回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．感谢她的信任； 2.回应她的请求； 3.说明你的理由。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：句写对——给词写句
agree with, be concerned about, ease one's mind, experience, have a talk with, make a detailed plan, in advance, show respect for
1．很高兴收到你的邮件。
It's_my_pleasure_to_receive_your_email.
2．你的父母不同意你的想法。
Your_parents_don't_agree_with_you.
3．他们担心你的安全。
They_are_concerned_about_your_safety.
4．对于青少年来说和朋友一起去某个地方是个好主意。
It's_a_good_idea_for_teenagers_to_go_somewhere_with_friends.
5．旅行不仅有助于我们放松心情而且可以结交新朋友并体验新的文化。
Traveling_helps_us_ease_our_mind,_make_new_friends_and_experience_new_culture.
6．你应该和父母谈一谈。
You_should_have_a_talk_with_your_parents.
7．你最好事先为你的旅行做一个详细的计划。
You'd_better_make_a_detailed_plan_for_your_travel_in_advance.
8．你应该尊重他们。
You_should_show_respect_for_them.
9．祝你暑假愉快。
I_wish_you_a_pleasant_summer_vacation.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
10．在第1句后加入分词短语“征求我的建议”作定语。
It's_my_pleasure_to_receive_your_email_asking_for_my_advice.
11．在第6句后加入分词短语“尽力说服他们你的年龄足以正确地处理事情”。
You_should_have_a_talk_with_your_parents,_trying_to_persuade_them_you_are_old_enough_to_manage_things_properly.
12．在第7句前加入状语从句“如果他们同意”，在第7句后加入介词短语“包括你的目的地和交通工具”。
If_they_agree,_you'd_better_make_a_detailed_plan_for_your_travel_in_advance_including_your_destination_and_your_means_of_transportation.
13．在第8句前加入状语从句“如果他们不同意”。
If_they_don't_agree,_you_should_show_respect_for_them.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．用the reason why ... is that ...句式合并第2句和第3句。
The_reason_why_your_parents__don't_agree_with_you_is_that_they_are_concerned_about_your_safety.
2．用for引导原因状语从句合并第4句和第5句。
It's_a_good_idea_for_teenagers_to_go_somewhere_with_friends,_for_traveling_helps_us_ease_our_mind,_make_new_friends_and_experience_new_culture.
3．用if省略句改写第13句。
If_not,_you_should_show_respect_for_them.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
根据语句间的逻辑关系，可添加in my view， first， second， anyway做好文章的衔接过渡。并用“Here are my tips for you.”引出建议。
Dear_Alice，
It's_my_pleasure_to_receive_your_email_asking_for_my_advice._The_reason_why_your_parents__don't_agree_with_you_is_that_they_are_concerned_about_your_safety.
In_my_view,_it's_a_good_idea_for_teenagers_to_go_somewhere_with_friends,_for_traveling_helps_us_ease_our_mind,_make_new_friends_and_experience_new_culture._Here_are_my_tips_for_you._First,_you_should_have_a_talk_with_your_parents,_trying_to_persuade_them_you_are_old_enough_to_manage_things_properly._Second,_if_they_agree,_you'd_better_make_a_detailed_plan_for_your_travel_in_advance_including_your_destination_and_your_means_of_transportation._If_not,_you_should_show_respect_for_them.
Anyway,_I_wish_you_a_pleasant_summer_vacation.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2018·浙江高考)Looking forward to your reply (答复) at your convenience.
2．(2018·江苏高考)Nowadays, most commodities or services are rated through certain (某些) channels.
3．The purpose (目的) of my writing is to tell you that there will be an outgoing for us these days.
4．I finally came out of the contest as the first prize (奖) winner.
5．In the past few months, I've made good preparations and felt pretty confident (自信的)．
6．However, what amazes you most is the following new function (功能).
7．It is difficult for us to imagine (想象) what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
8．We have been very successful (成功的) in attracting young graduates to the company.
9．I hope this opportunity (机会) will not only make you happy, but also satisfy your interest in Chinese operas.
10．If you're late, you should apologise (道歉) to the host either immediately or later.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．Though ❶lacking (lack) money and support from his family, he managed to complete the task ❷in advance, which I think is due to his strong ❸confidence (confident) and determination.
2．Could you do me ❶a favour to check my ❷application (apply) form? I want to guarantee not to leave ❸out any important information.
3．He was a ❶successful (success) figure in the field, but he was very ❷modest (modesty) and never liked showing ❸off.
4．Although the conversation was ❶informal (formal), you should have attended it on time. I think you should make an ❷apology (apologise) for your ❸absence (absent).
5．He was very cautious ❶about the job interview, because he was aware ❷of the fact that certain ❸opportunities (opportunity), once lost, can never return.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我希望你能够抓住这个机会进一步学习中国传统文化。(opportunity)
I wish that you_could_grasp_this_opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.
2．为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前订了出租车，而且起床很早。(advance)
To catch the early flight, we ordered_a_taxi_in_advance and got up very early.
3．每当我看到它，就禁不住想起我的朋友。(think of)
Whenever I look at it, I couldn't help thinking_of_my_friend.
4．众所周知，中国高考每年在6月举行。(it is＋过去分词＋that从句)
It's_widely_known_that the College Entrance Examination in China falls in June each year.
5．每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报纸。(every time)
Every_time_I_see_the_old_man_in_the_park,_he is absorbed in reading papers.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
Here are some ways to start talking.
Find common ground. Anything that the person can relate to and that establishes a connection can ❶be_considered (consider) connection ground, such as weather.
Involve the other person. Now that you ❷have_established (establish) common ground, it's time ❸to_involve (involve) the other person and get him talking by asking him to reveal some information about himself. Don't ask anything too ❹personal (person), like asking about the person's health, religion, or ❺political_views (政治观点). Just keep it light and fun and ask openended questions about the person's interest, jobs, or ❻surroundings (surrounding)．
Follow up with a question or a statement. The person's response will influence whether you follow up with a question, a statement, or a joke. Try to ❼find_a_balance (找到一个平衡) between questions and statements. Too many questions will make the person feel like he's being interrogated (质问), and too many statements won't give the person room ❽to_talk (talk)．
Take the time to listen. Really listening to things that the person says can make the speaker feel ❾pleased (please) and like to speak more. It also helps you find new common ground and guide the conversation in a more fun or productive direction (direct)．
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
social skills， lack the confidence， have good communication with， make friends with， have a conversation，embarrassing experiences， nervous， better listener， social rules， body language
In your daily life, you often have such ❶embarrassing_experiences — you try to avoid talking to someone you recognise when crossing the road; you can't talk confidently in the face of all the guests at a party, and also, you ❷lack_the_confidence to talk to others though you are eager to ❸make_friends_with people. In a word, you feel ❹nervous when you are at a social event. You needn't worry about situations like these if you have good ❺social_skills. And they are easy to learn. People with good social skills can ❻have_good_communication_with others and know how to ❼have_a_conversation. Here are a few ideas to help you.
▲Make good use of small talk in your conversations, but be careful of what topics are suitable.
▲Try to be a ❽better_listener with positive answers and ❾body_language. Always remember the words of Benjamin Disraeli, “Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours！”
▲Try to find out social_rules when you go to another country.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to do me a favour.
2．(2015·北京高考)Thanks to the advanced (advance) technology, we live in an age of bettered communication.
3．(2014·重庆高考) I knew it needed repairs badly, but it hurt me so much just to think of it.
4．(2013·福建高考)Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful (success)．
5．(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”， which was to make us more aware of the problems faced by disabled people.
6．(2012·湖北高考)Soon, I became one of the top students in my class, which greatly increased my confidence (confident) and got me motivated.
7．(2012·浙江高考)Therefore, I firmly (firm) believe that our future is in our own hands.
8．(2010·江苏高考)Firstly, we should be given more opportunities (opportunity) to use what we've learned in order to have a better grasp of it.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用lack, coincidence, show off, aware of填空)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)I still can't believe what a __59__ it was. I'm just so glad I was there in time to help my son.coincidence
2．(2014·天津高考完形填空)During my fourthgrade Christmas break, we flew to Rio to visit her. Looking at her large empty apartment, I became __24__ how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.aware_of
3．(2012·北京高考完形填空)As I look back on that day now, it surely __42__ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief until I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day.lacks
4．(2010·山东高考完形填空)It was a cool October evening. Excitement and family members filled the hall. I was only a 7yearold girl，but I was the center of attention. Finally，after weeks of preparation, I would __38__ all my hard work in a dance performance. Everything would be perfect — so I thought.show_off
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：随着“一带一路”的深入开展，各国之间的贸易往来和交流更加频繁，因此，了解不同国家的风俗、文化和交流方式变得更加重要。高考也以此话题来考查考生对文化交流的理解和掌握。我们应多关注此方面的素材，理解文化交流的重要意义。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加黑词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
Silence is unnatural to a man. He begins life with a cry and __1__ it in stillness. In between he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and he __2__ silence more than anything else. Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful __3__. If he is introduced to another person, and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he will regard himself as a failure, a worthless person, and will be full of envy of the most emptyheaded chatterbox (话多的人). He knows that ninetynine percent of human __4__ means no more than the buzz of a fly, but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to __5__ that he is a man and not a waxwork (蜡像)．
The __6__ of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to keep up the buzzing sound. There are, it must be __7__， different qualities of buzzes; there is even a buzz that is as annoying as the continuous noise made by a mosquito (蚊子). __8__ at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a quiet person. Most buzzes，__9__， are pleasant to the ear, and some of them are pleasant even to the mind. He would be a(n) __10__ man if he waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzz with his neighbors.
Those who __11__ to pick up the weather as a conversational opening seem to me not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation __12__ learning anything new. Some of them are satisfied if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people's __13__， though they have __14__ to tell them except that they have seen two or three new plays or that they had food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing meaningful for a long time, they just prove themselves to be __15__ conversationalists.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了人们在日常生活中聊天的目的。在聊天的过程中，人们并不是交流所有的观点，而且绝大多数的聊天是没有意义的。
1．A.discusses B．ends
C．leads D．faces
解析：选B 根据空前的“begins life with a cry and”和空后的stillness可推知，人生开始于啼哭，结束于沉寂。
2．A.fears B．appreciates
C．desires D．dreams
解析：选A 根据“In between he does all he can to make a noise in the world”以及下文中的“fearful”的提示可知，他害怕沉默，所以A项正确。
3．A.beginning B．result
C．silence D．loss
解析：选C 根据上下文可知，甚至他(与他人)的交谈也在试图阻止可怕的沉默。
4．A.activity B．conversation
C．behavior D．socialization
解析：选B 他知道人们绝大部分的谈话都空洞无物，像苍蝇的嗡嗡声，但他还是急于加入他们并且急于证明他是一个人而不是一个蜡像。根据上文讲人们制造声音来打破沉默以及下文多处提到的conversation可知此处指谈话。
5．A.share B．prove
C．ignore D．announce
解析：选B 参见上题解析。故B项符合语境。
6．A.effect B．aim
C．topic D．art
解析：选B 人们谈话的目的大部分不是为了交流想法，而是为了把谈论继续下去。故选B项。
7．A.recognised B．realized
C．expected D．admitted
解析：选D 人们必须承认，嘈杂声有不同的特点。D项符合语境。
8．A.But B．So
C．Unless D．And
解析：选A 嘈杂声虽然令人厌烦，但在宴会上，一个人宁可做一个像蚊子那般不断发出嘈杂声的人也不愿意沉默。前后两句为转折关系，故用But。
9．A.fortunately B．confidently
C．curiously D．surprisingly
解析：选A 根据空后的“are pleasant to the ear”可知，幸运的是，这些嗡嗡的嘈杂声大多还是令人愉快的，所以A项符合语境。
10．A.outspoken B．impolite
C．foolish D．mature
解析：选C 如果一个人直到有了一个合理恰当的想法才加入谈话，那他就会显得愚蠢。
11．A.long B．continue
C．mean D．hate
解析：选D 根据“not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk”可知，此处指那些不喜欢以天气作为谈话开端的人。
12．A.in the hope of B．in need of
C．in the face of D．in favour of
解析：选A 大家都知道很多聊天没有实际内容，所以很少有人抱着学新东西的目的去聊天。in the hope of“怀着……的希望”，符合语境。
13．A.minds B．bodies
C．actions D．ears
解析：选D 一些人只要获准给其他人的耳朵制造声音就满足了。D项符合语境。
14．A.nothing B．something
C．everything D．anything
解析：选A 他们在谈话中除了谈一些生活琐事以外，没有什么可以告诉他人的。故选A。
15．A.modest B．serious
C．successful D．secretive
解析：选C 在晚上结束的时候，他们长时间的谈话空洞无物，只证明了自己是成功的健谈者。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
完形填空技法(6)——利用反映作者态度或感情色彩的词汇来解题
我们在快速阅读文章的过程中，要细心找出能够反映作者态度或感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词、动词等，这些词汇经常是我们做题时的重要参照线索，可以帮助我们快速圈定某些题目的正确答案。例如上文第9题，由后面的pleasant可知答案为A项fortunately。
A
(2019·郑州市第一次质量预测)The hit movie Notting Hill (《诺丁山》) begins with a famous scene. Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and spills orange juice all over her. After the collision, Grant repeatedly says, “I'm so sorry. I'm so sorry.”
His actions in this scene are very British. If Roberts were from Britain, then she would probably apologize repeatedly as well — even if the crash were not her fault. But this doesn't happen in the movie, as Roberts is from the US.
A report in The Telegraph once said that three quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the street — regardless of whether they are responsible or not. In fact, Britons use “sorry” in many situations. For example, if they mishear someone, they say “Sorry？” The person they are talking to will also apologize by replying, “No, I am sorry！” This can go on for up to five minutes as they compete for who is the most sorry.
Why are Britons so sorry? Mark Tyrrell, a psychology writer in the UK, thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system. “We say sorry because historically the new middle class in Britain had to apologize for not being the working class, but also for not really being the upper class.” Another theory is that they apologize to avoid conflicts. For example, if they bump into someone, he might get angry. To avoid this, they instantly say “Sorry！”
True manners are about being considerate, and today's constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were. The word “sorry” has lost some of its meaning. Do you see my point? Sorry, it might just be a British thing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国人的道歉文化及其原因：一是因为历史上英国的新中产阶级；二是为了避免冲突。
1．Why does the author mention a scene in the movie Notting Hill at the beginning?
A．To give an example of British modesty.
B．To introduce different ways of saying sorry.
C．To show what kind of men are considered gentlemen in the UK.
D．To draw our attention to when and how British people say sorry.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知，文章开头用电影作例，描述了英国人道歉的场景，引出文章的主题——英国的道歉文化。
2．Which of the following statements might Mark Tyrrell agree with?
A．People should not apologize if they are not responsible.
B．Americans care less about manners than British people do.
C．That British people apologize so much is linked to the class system.
D．British people care too much about which social class they are from.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Mark Tyrrell ...thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system.”可知，Mark Tyrrell认为英国人的道歉根源于其阶级制度。由此可推断，C项正确。
3．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．It's unnecessary for British people to be so polite.
B．The overuse of apologizing shows Britons are truly sincere.
C．People should not stick to the traditional use of the word “sorry”．
D．Using “sorry” more doesn't necessarily mean people are more polite.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容以及最后一段中的“today's constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were”可知，英国人道歉或是与他们的阶级制度有关，或是为了避免冲突，但今天的多次道歉已经失去了一些意义，并不意味着人们更有礼貌。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A．To explore the best way of saying sorry.
B．To explain why Britons overuse the word “sorry”．
C．To show how saying sorry has changed over time.
D．To suggest many British people lack traditional manners.
解析：选B 写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文由电影场景引入主题，介绍了英国的道歉文化，并介绍了英国人道歉的原因及今天道歉的意义，主要目的是介绍英国人过量使用道歉的原因。
B
Some people are so rude!
Who sends an email or a text message that just says “Thank you”？ Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on Google? Don't these people realize that they're wasting your time?
Maybe I'm the rude one for not appreciating life's little politeness. But many social agreed standards just don't make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
In texts, you don't have to declare who you are or even say hello. Email, too, is slower than a text. Voice mail is a now impolite way of trying to connect.
My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages, none of which I listened to. Exasperated,_he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls. “Why are you leaving him voice mail？” my sister asked. “Just text him.”
In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask onceacceptable questions about: the weather forecast, a business's phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, which can be easily found on Google Maps. But people still ask these things. And when you answer, they respond with a thankyou email.
How to handle these differing standards? Easy. Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thankyou message. Others, like me, want no reply.
The anthropologist (人类学家) Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that timewasting forms of communication do.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如今在智能手机时代，人们应该选择何种方式进行沟通。
5．What does the underlined word “Exasperated” mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．Worried. B．Surprised.
C．Annoyed. D．Tired.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句中的“he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls”可知，作者的父亲对作者不给自己回电话很不满，由此可推知exasperated意思是“恼怒的，生气的”，故选C。
6．Why didn't the writer reply to his father?
A．He liked text messages better.
B．He enjoyed checking his voice mail.
C．He didn't receive any voice mail messages.
D．He didn't want to talk with his father.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“‘Why are you leaving him voice mail？’ my sister asked. ‘Just text him’．”可推知，作者不喜欢用语音信箱，更偏爱发短信，故选A。
7．Which of the following does the writer agree to?
A．People needn't learn from one another in traditional societies.
B．Dealing with voice mail should vary with each individual.
C．People needn't turn to Google for help when in trouble.
D．Declaring who you are or saying hello in texts is necessary.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第七段的内容可推知，标准是变化的，处理方式应该因人而异，而不是一刀切，语音信箱的使用亦是如此，故选B。
8．What's the best title of this passage?
A．Nowadays: what should we do with text messages?
B．Nowadays: do you like leaving others a voice message?
C．Nowadays: what means should we use in communication?
D．Nowadays: do you need a thankyou message?
解析：选C 标题归纳题。根据对文章内容的整体理解可知，第三段引入本文话题，最后两段点题总结，本文主要讨论的是如今(在智能手机时代)我们应该用何种方式沟通，故选C项。
Module 1 Small Talk
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．yawn v． 打呵欠
2．sigh v. 叹气，叹息
3．immigration n. 移民
4．visa n. 签证
5．reception n. 欢迎会；招待会
6．embassy n. 使馆
7．firm n. 公司
8．outspoken adj. 直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的
9．motto n. 座右铭，格言
10．typist n. 打字员
11．mature adj. 成熟的
12．tease v. 戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄
13．contradict v. 反驳
14．pregnant adj. 怀孕的
15．acquaintance n. 熟人
16．divorce n. 离婚，离异
17．anniversary n. 周年纪念日
18．violate v. 骚扰，妨碍，侵犯
19.define v．解释，给……下定义
20．circumstance n. 情形，情况
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．lack v. 缺乏，缺少
2．opportunity n. 机会
3．prize n. 奖品，奖金
4．tidy v. 使……整洁，整理
5．favour n. 恩惠，照顾
6．certain pron. 某些
7．reply n. 回答，答复，回信
8．shortcoming n. 缺点，短处
9．awkward adj. 尴尬的
10．coincidence n. 巧合
11．customer n. 顾客，客户
12．cautious adj. 谨慎的，慎重的，小心的
13．anyhow adv. 不管怎么说，无论如何
14．interrupt v. 打断
15．function n. 功能
16．purpose n. 目的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．informal adj.非正式的→formal adj.正式的
2．serious adj.严肃的→seriously adv.严肃地
3．confidently adv.自信地→confident adj.自信的→confidence n．信心；自信
4．advance adj.预先的，在前的n.前进 v．前进；提前→advanced adj.先进的；高级的
5．application n．申请→apply v．申请；应用
6．impolite adj.不礼貌的→impolitely adv.不礼貌地→polite adj.礼貌的
7．absence n．缺乏，不存在→absent adj.缺席的，不在场的；缺少的，缺乏的
8．apology n．道歉，致歉→apologise v．道歉
9．messy adj.棘手的，难办的→mess n．混乱的局面
10．modest adj.谦虚的，谦逊的→modesty n．谦虚；谦逊
11．successful adj.成功的→success n．成功→succeed vi.成功；继承，接替
12．imagine v．想象→imagination n．想象，想象力→imaginary adj.想象中的，假想的，虚构的→imaginative adj.富有想象力的
[语境活用]
1．It's impolite for you to speak to your parents impolitely in public. On the contrary, it's polite to talk to them gently. (polite)
2．We did wrong to him. I have apologised to him and you should make an apology too.(apology)
3．He succeeded his father as manager of the company. Soon their business became very successful. Lots of people wanted to know the secret of his success. (success)
4．Tom used to be confident about his future. He once said confidently that he would go to a key college. But his confidence was almost shaken by the failure in the final examination. (confident)
5．I have never seen my grandmother but I always imagine her as a kind, old lady. My mother told me that she was a writer with great imagination and wrote several imaginary novels. (imagine)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.make_friends 交朋友，建立友谊
2．(be)_nervous_about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安
3．think_of 想起，回忆起
4．look_away_from 把目光从……移开
5．in_addition 除此之外，另外
6．find_out 了解(到)；找出(信息)
7．as_a_consequence 因此，结果
8．cheer_sb._up 使某人高兴/振作起来
9．leave_out 省去，删去，漏掉
10．(be)_aware_of 知道
11．take_the_lead 带头，领先
12．show_off 炫耀
1.Many people thought highly of what he said, but personally, I thought he just showed himself off.
2．He left_out very important information in his report. That was why he was criticized by his boss.
3．He withdrew from political life and as_a_consequence he was soon forgotten.
4．Mountain climbing must be very tiring. In_addition,_you might feel sick with the air getting thinner.
5．When I meet with difficulties, her eyes will encourage me and help cheer_me_up.
6．I think_of the happy time we spent together every time I go back to my hometown.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours!
和一个人谈论他自己，他会和你说上几个小时。
“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。
当你完成它以后就打电话给我，我就会来你工作的地方接你。
Call_me_when_you_get_it_through,_and I'll pick you up at your work place.
2.Her motto was “Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.”
她的“座右铭”是“每当我张口，就会讲错话。”
every time引导时间状语从句。
每次我看到这张照片时，我总想起在大学的美好时光。
Every_time_I_see_the_photo,_I always think of the wonderful time in university.
3.It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
据估计80%的英语会话是闲聊。
it作形式主语，真正主语为后面 that 引导的从句。
(2017·北京高考书面表达)众所周知，长江是亚洲最长的河流，拥有许多景点。
It's_widely_known_that the Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and has so many scenic spots.
二、课堂重点深化
1. lack v．& n．缺乏，缺少
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①For lack of confidence, she is lacking (lack) in skills of communicating.
②While college graduates complain of a lack of available jobs, factories are facing difficulties in hiring workers.
[系统归纳]
(1)lack sth. 缺乏/少某物
(2)(a) lack of ... 缺乏/少……
for lack of ... 因缺乏……
(3)lacking adj. 缺少的，不足的
be lacking in 缺少(品质、特点等)；在……方面缺乏
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③由于缺少空间，在大城市已经修建了越来越多的高楼。
More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for_lack_of_space.
2．advance adj.预先的，在前的 v．前进，进展；促进；提前 n．前进，进展，进步；增长
[自主体验]
写出下列句中advance的词性和含义
①The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keepers sometimes had advance notice.adj.预先的
②There have been great advances in medicine in the last ten years.n.进展，进步
③This will further advance the friendly relations between the two countries. v．促进
④The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Monday. v．提前
[系统归纳]
(1)in advance＝ahead of time 提前
in advance of 比……进步；在……之前
make advances in 在……方面取得进展
(2)advanced adj. 高级的；进步的；先进的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)此外，我建议你到书店买一本历史书，提前了解一下唐朝的历史，这可能有助于你更好地理解将要学习的唐诗。
Besides, I advise you to go to the bookstore to buy a history book and learn_the_history_of_the_Tang_Dynasty_in_advance,_which can help you better understand the poems to be learned.
3. absence n．缺乏，不存在
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①In the absence of proof, the police could not take action against the man.
②What made the teacher angry was his absence from school yesterday without permission.
补全句子
③I will go on a business trip tomorrow. Mark will be in charge of the company in/during_my_absence.
我明天要出差，我不在时由马克负责这个公司。
[系统归纳]
(1) absence from 缺席；不在
in the absence of 由于缺乏；(人)不在，缺席； (物)不存在，缺少
in/during one's absence 在某人不在时，在某人缺席时
(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在的(作后置定语)
be absent from 缺席；不在
[重点强化]
佳句时时写(一句多译)
很长时间没有上学后，我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课。
④My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my_long_absence_from school. (absence)
⑤My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after I_had_been_absent from_school_for_a_long_time. (absent)
4．apology n．道歉，致歉
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I owe you an apology for what I said this morning. Anyhow I mean no offence.
②She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on the top floor.
补全句子
③If you are really wrong, you should make_an_apology_to_your_roommate. (apology)
如果你真的错了，你应该向你的室友道歉。
[系统归纳]
(1)make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而向某人道歉
accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉
(2)apologise v. 道歉
apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而向某人道歉
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④我衷心希望你能接受我的道歉并理解我。
I sincerely hope you can accept_my_apologies and understand me.
5．imagine v．想象
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Sometimes, imagination (imagine) is more important than knowledge during our studies.
②We all imagine her as a talented dancer.
补全句子
③The scenery of nature there is so beautiful that it's beyond_imagination.
那儿的自然风光真的是太美了，美得让人难以想象。
[系统归纳]
(1)imagine (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 想象(某人)做某事
imagine sb./sth. as/to be ... 把某人/物想象成……
imagine＋从句 想象……
(2)imagination n. 想象；想象力
beyond imagination 超乎想象
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④我经常想象未来我的生活会是什么样子。
I often imagine_what_my_life_will_be_like in the future.
1．in addition 除此之外，另外；此外
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①(2016·四川高考)In addition, I can see different kinds of beautiful birds.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Working out in the morning provides additional (addition) benefits beyond being physically fit.
[系统归纳]
(1)in addition＝besides/furthermore/what's more 另外，而且
in addition to＝besides/apart from/as well as 除……之外还……
(2)additional adj. 额外的，附加的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)此外，许多作品将会在这个剪纸展上展出。
In_addition,_many works will be displayed in the papercutting exhibition.
2．leave out省去，删去；漏掉；忽视，冷落；忽略，不考虑
[自主体验]
写出下列句中leave out的含义
①All the others seemed to know each other and I began to feel left out.忽视，冷落
②You can leave out the parts of the story that are not interesting.省去，删去
③He didn't say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose.漏掉
④We left out the possibility of his coming to the party.不考虑，忽略
[系统归纳]
leave for 动身去……
leave behind 遗留，遗忘；使落后
leave ... alone 不打扰，别管
leave ... aside 暂时不予考虑，暂时搁在一边
[重点强化]
单句语法填空
⑤When you go camping, please do not leave behind any trash.
⑥Leave religious factors aside,_it is actually a social problem.
⑦She wants to think things out quietly, so we had better leave her alone.
佳句时时写
⑧如果你能帮我看一下英语作文并检查一下我是否遗漏了一些信息，我将不胜感激。
I'd appreciate it if you could help me look through the English composition to check whether I have left_out_some_information.
3．show off炫耀；卖弄
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym.
②When they showed up for their Sunday game, they were completely different.
[系统归纳]
show up 暴露，显露；出现，露面
show sb. in/out 带某人进来/出去
show sb. around 带领某人参观某地
on show 在展出
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③下午，我将带你参观海河。
In the afternoon, I will show_you_around the Haihe River.
4．every time引导时间状语从句
[教材原句] Her motto was “Every_time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.”
[自主体验]
①“Every/Each_time_you_eat_a_sweet,_drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.
我妈妈过去常常告诉我“每次吃糖果时，喝杯绿茶”。
②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.
我记得上次你参观我们学校时给我看了一些有关那个主题的照片。
③I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice immediately/instantly/directly I_picked_up_the_phone.
我对他太熟悉了，一拿起电话就听出了他的声音。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)every time/each time引导时间状语从句，意为“每当……的时候”。
(2)the first time/(the) next time/the last time引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次/下次/上次(最后一次)……时”。
(3)the minute/moment/instant引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
(4)immediately/instantly/directly引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
注意事项
the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”；for the first time是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)Every time I look at the picture, I always think of my childhood.
②(增分要点句)The first time I interviewed him, he looked a bit nervous.
5．It is＋过去分词＋that从句
[教材原句] It_is_estimated_that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
[自主体验]
①(2015·安徽高考)It_is_reported_that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
据报道，一座空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。
②It's_known_to_all_that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
众所周知，“有志者，事竟成。”
③It_is_suggested_that all the people who will join in picking apples should wear a hat and a pair of gloves.
人们建议参加这次采摘苹果的所有人都要戴一顶帽子和一副手套。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
“It is＋过去分词＋that ...”结构常见的还有：
It is said that ... 据说……
It is reported that ... 据报道……
It is known to all that ... 众所周知……
It is hoped that ... 人们希望……
It is thought that ... 人们认为……
It is suggested that ... 人们建议……
It is believed that ... 人们相信/认为……
注意事项
此句式可转化为含有as引导定语从句的复合句，也可转化为“sb./sth. is＋过去分词＋to do/to have done ...”句型。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)It is reported that the weather there is very hot and dry, which is very different from that of your country.
②(精彩开头句)As is known to all, with the improvement of people's living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport.
③(增分要点句)Tiring as it might be, the military training is believed to be the best opportunity to make lifelong friends.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“社会交往”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一) 问候、介绍
温故浅易词汇
①greet ②introduce ③invite ④topic ⑤interest ⑥discuss
识记生疏词汇
①conversation n．会话 ②regards n．问候，致意
③response n．回复 ④respects n．敬意
⑤relation n．关系 ⑥companion n．同伴
⑦acquaintance n．熟人 ⑧accompany vt.陪伴
子话题(二) 情感交流
温故浅易词汇
①praise ②thank ③complain
④excuse ⑤apologize ⑥appreciate
⑦proud
识记生疏词汇
①criticize v．批评 ②blame v．责备
③admire v．钦佩 ④acknowledge v．答谢
⑤forgive v．原谅；宽恕 ⑥guilty adj.内疚的
⑦considerate adj.体贴的 ⑧merciful adj.仁慈的
⑨respectful adj.尊敬的 ⑩harmonious adj.和谐的
常用词块忆一忆
①small talk 闲聊
②have a conversation 交谈
③have a talk with 与……交谈
④make friends 交朋友
⑤have good communication with 与……沟通良好
⑥body language 肢体语言
⑦social rules 社会规则
⑧social skills 社交技能
⑨better listener 更好的倾听者
⑩find a balance 找到平衡
⑪be concerned about 关心
⑫ease one's mind 放松思绪
⑬show respect for 对……表示尊敬
⑭embarrassing experiences 尴尬的经历
⑮ring up 给……打电话
⑯get through 接通(电话)
⑰hang on 稍等
⑱hang up 挂断电话
⑲see sb.off 为某人送行
⑳wave goodbye to sb. 与某人挥手告别
写作佳句背一背
①We are expected to say “Thanks” when people help us, and make an apology with “Sorry”．
②I hope we can stay in touch with each other so that we can communicate with each other.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
话题应用文分步写作
假定你是李华，收到英国朋友Alice的邮件，以下是邮件内容：
Dear Li Hua，
How are you doing these days? I'm having some problems and would like to get your advice.
My parents want me to spend my summer with them this year but I would prefer to go somewhere with my friends. I love my parents but sometimes they are overprotective. I feel that I am old enough and responsible enough to
go away without their supervision (照看)．
Any suggestions you could give me about this issue would be greatly appreciated.
Yours，
Alice
请给Alice回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．感谢她的信任； 2.回应她的请求； 3.说明你的理由。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：句写对——给词写句
agree with, be concerned about, ease one's mind, experience, have a talk with, make a detailed plan, in advance, show respect for
1．很高兴收到你的邮件。
It's_my_pleasure_to_receive_your_email.
2．你的父母不同意你的想法。
Your_parents_don't_agree_with_you.
3．他们担心你的安全。
They_are_concerned_about_your_safety.
4．对于青少年来说和朋友一起去某个地方是个好主意。
It's_a_good_idea_for_teenagers_to_go_somewhere_with_friends.
5．旅行不仅有助于我们放松心情而且可以结交新朋友并体验新的文化。
Traveling_helps_us_ease_our_mind,_make_new_friends_and_experience_new_culture.
6．你应该和父母谈一谈。
You_should_have_a_talk_with_your_parents.
7．你最好事先为你的旅行做一个详细的计划。
You'd_better_make_a_detailed_plan_for_your_travel_in_advance.
8．你应该尊重他们。
You_should_show_respect_for_them.
9．祝你暑假愉快。
I_wish_you_a_pleasant_summer_vacation.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
10．在第1句后加入分词短语“征求我的建议”作定语。
It's_my_pleasure_to_receive_your_email_asking_for_my_advice.
11．在第6句后加入分词短语“尽力说服他们你的年龄足以正确地处理事情”。
You_should_have_a_talk_with_your_parents,_trying_to_persuade_them_you_are_old_enough_to_manage_things_properly.
12．在第7句前加入状语从句“如果他们同意”，在第7句后加入介词短语“包括你的目的地和交通工具”。
If_they_agree,_you'd_better_make_a_detailed_plan_for_your_travel_in_advance_including_your_destination_and_your_means_of_transportation.
13．在第8句前加入状语从句“如果他们不同意”。
If_they_don't_agree,_you_should_show_respect_for_them.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．用the reason why ... is that ...句式合并第2句和第3句。
The_reason_why_your_parents__don't_agree_with_you_is_that_they_are_concerned_about_your_safety.
2．用for引导原因状语从句合并第4句和第5句。
It's_a_good_idea_for_teenagers_to_go_somewhere_with_friends,_for_traveling_helps_us_ease_our_mind,_make_new_friends_and_experience_new_culture.
3．用if省略句改写第13句。
If_not,_you_should_show_respect_for_them.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
根据语句间的逻辑关系，可添加in my view， first， second， anyway做好文章的衔接过渡。并用“Here are my tips for you.”引出建议。
Dear_Alice，
It's_my_pleasure_to_receive_your_email_asking_for_my_advice._The_reason_why_your_parents__don't_agree_with_you_is_that_they_are_concerned_about_your_safety.
In_my_view,_it's_a_good_idea_for_teenagers_to_go_somewhere_with_friends,_for_traveling_helps_us_ease_our_mind,_make_new_friends_and_experience_new_culture._Here_are_my_tips_for_you._First,_you_should_have_a_talk_with_your_parents,_trying_to_persuade_them_you_are_old_enough_to_manage_things_properly._Second,_if_they_agree,_you'd_better_make_a_detailed_plan_for_your_travel_in_advance_including_your_destination_and_your_means_of_transportation._If_not,_you_should_show_respect_for_them.
Anyway,_I_wish_you_a_pleasant_summer_vacation.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2018·浙江高考)Looking forward to your reply (答复) at your convenience.
2．(2018·江苏高考)Nowadays, most commodities or services are rated through certain (某些) channels.
3．The purpose (目的) of my writing is to tell you that there will be an outgoing for us these days.
4．I finally came out of the contest as the first prize (奖) winner.
5．In the past few months, I've made good preparations and felt pretty confident (自信的)．
6．However, what amazes you most is the following new function (功能).
7．It is difficult for us to imagine (想象) what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
8．We have been very successful (成功的) in attracting young graduates to the company.
9．I hope this opportunity (机会) will not only make you happy, but also satisfy your interest in Chinese operas.
10．If you're late, you should apologise (道歉) to the host either immediately or later.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．Though ❶lacking (lack) money and support from his family, he managed to complete the task ❷in advance, which I think is due to his strong ❸confidence (confident) and determination.
2．Could you do me ❶a favour to check my ❷application (apply) form? I want to guarantee not to leave ❸out any important information.
3．He was a ❶successful (success) figure in the field, but he was very ❷modest (modesty) and never liked showing ❸off.
4．Although the conversation was ❶informal (formal), you should have attended it on time. I think you should make an ❷apology (apologise) for your ❸absence (absent).
5．He was very cautious ❶about the job interview, because he was aware ❷of the fact that certain ❸opportunities (opportunity), once lost, can never return.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我希望你能够抓住这个机会进一步学习中国传统文化。(opportunity)
I wish that you_could_grasp_this_opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.
2．为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前订了出租车，而且起床很早。(advance)
To catch the early flight, we ordered_a_taxi_in_advance and got up very early.
3．每当我看到它，就禁不住想起我的朋友。(think of)
Whenever I look at it, I couldn't help thinking_of_my_friend.
4．众所周知，中国高考每年在6月举行。(it is＋过去分词＋that从句)
It's_widely_known_that the College Entrance Examination in China falls in June each year.
5．每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报纸。(every time)
Every_time_I_see_the_old_man_in_the_park,_he is absorbed in reading papers.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
Here are some ways to start talking.
Find common ground. Anything that the person can relate to and that establishes a connection can ❶be_considered (consider) connection ground, such as weather.
Involve the other person. Now that you ❷have_established (establish) common ground, it's time ❸to_involve (involve) the other person and get him talking by asking him to reveal some information about himself. Don't ask anything too ❹personal (person), like asking about the person's health, religion, or ❺political_views (政治观点). Just keep it light and fun and ask openended questions about the person's interest, jobs, or ❻surroundings (surrounding)．
Follow up with a question or a statement. The person's response will influence whether you follow up with a question, a statement, or a joke. Try to ❼find_a_balance (找到一个平衡) between questions and statements. Too many questions will make the person feel like he's being interrogated (质问), and too many statements won't give the person room ❽to_talk (talk)．
Take the time to listen. Really listening to things that the person says can make the speaker feel ❾pleased (please) and like to speak more. It also helps you find new common ground and guide the conversation in a more fun or productive direction (direct)．
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
social skills， lack the confidence， have good communication with， make friends with， have a conversation，embarrassing experiences， nervous， better listener， social rules， body language
In your daily life, you often have such ❶embarrassing_experiences — you try to avoid talking to someone you recognise when crossing the road; you can't talk confidently in the face of all the guests at a party, and also, you ❷lack_the_confidence to talk to others though you are eager to ❸make_friends_with people. In a word, you feel ❹nervous when you are at a social event. You needn't worry about situations like these if you have good ❺social_skills. And they are easy to learn. People with good social skills can ❻have_good_communication_with others and know how to ❼have_a_conversation. Here are a few ideas to help you.
▲Make good use of small talk in your conversations, but be careful of what topics are suitable.
▲Try to be a ❽better_listener with positive answers and ❾body_language. Always remember the words of Benjamin Disraeli, “Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours！”
▲Try to find out social_rules when you go to another country.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to do me a favour.
2．(2015·北京高考)Thanks to the advanced (advance) technology, we live in an age of bettered communication.
3．(2014·重庆高考) I knew it needed repairs badly, but it hurt me so much just to think of it.
4．(2013·福建高考)Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful (success)．
5．(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”， which was to make us more aware of the problems faced by disabled people.
6．(2012·湖北高考)Soon, I became one of the top students in my class, which greatly increased my confidence (confident) and got me motivated.
7．(2012·浙江高考)Therefore, I firmly (firm) believe that our future is in our own hands.
8．(2010·江苏高考)Firstly, we should be given more opportunities (opportunity) to use what we've learned in order to have a better grasp of it.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用lack, coincidence, show off, aware of填空)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)I still can't believe what a __59__ it was. I'm just so glad I was there in time to help my son.coincidence
2．(2014·天津高考完形填空)During my fourthgrade Christmas break, we flew to Rio to visit her. Looking at her large empty apartment, I became __24__ how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.aware_of
3．(2012·北京高考完形填空)As I look back on that day now, it surely __42__ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief until I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day.lacks
4．(2010·山东高考完形填空)It was a cool October evening. Excitement and family members filled the hall. I was only a 7yearold girl，but I was the center of attention. Finally，after weeks of preparation, I would __38__ all my hard work in a dance performance. Everything would be perfect — so I thought.show_off
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：随着“一带一路”的深入开展，各国之间的贸易往来和交流更加频繁，因此，了解不同国家的风俗、文化和交流方式变得更加重要。高考也以此话题来考查考生对文化交流的理解和掌握。我们应多关注此方面的素材，理解文化交流的重要意义。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加黑词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
Silence is unnatural to a man. He begins life with a cry and __1__ it in stillness. In between he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and he __2__ silence more than anything else. Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful __3__. If he is introduced to another person, and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he will regard himself as a failure, a worthless person, and will be full of envy of the most emptyheaded chatterbox (话多的人). He knows that ninetynine percent of human __4__ means no more than the buzz of a fly, but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to __5__ that he is a man and not a waxwork (蜡像)．
The __6__ of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to keep up the buzzing sound. There are, it must be __7__， different qualities of buzzes; there is even a buzz that is as annoying as the continuous noise made by a mosquito (蚊子). __8__ at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a quiet person. Most buzzes，__9__， are pleasant to the ear, and some of them are pleasant even to the mind. He would be a(n) __10__ man if he waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzz with his neighbors.
Those who __11__ to pick up the weather as a conversational opening seem to me not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation __12__ learning anything new. Some of them are satisfied if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people's __13__， though they have __14__ to tell them except that they have seen two or three new plays or that they had food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing meaningful for a long time, they just prove themselves to be __15__ conversationalists.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了人们在日常生活中聊天的目的。在聊天的过程中，人们并不是交流所有的观点，而且绝大多数的聊天是没有意义的。
1．A.discusses B．ends
C．leads D．faces
解析：选B 根据空前的“begins life with a cry and”和空后的stillness可推知，人生开始于啼哭，结束于沉寂。
2．A.fears B．appreciates
C．desires D．dreams
解析：选A 根据“In between he does all he can to make a noise in the world”以及下文中的“fearful”的提示可知，他害怕沉默，所以A项正确。
3．A.beginning B．result
C．silence D．loss
解析：选C 根据上下文可知，甚至他(与他人)的交谈也在试图阻止可怕的沉默。
4．A.activity B．conversation
C．behavior D．socialization
解析：选B 他知道人们绝大部分的谈话都空洞无物，像苍蝇的嗡嗡声，但他还是急于加入他们并且急于证明他是一个人而不是一个蜡像。根据上文讲人们制造声音来打破沉默以及下文多处提到的conversation可知此处指谈话。
5．A.share B．prove
C．ignore D．announce
解析：选B 参见上题解析。故B项符合语境。
6．A.effect B．aim
C．topic D．art
解析：选B 人们谈话的目的大部分不是为了交流想法，而是为了把谈论继续下去。故选B项。
7．A.recognised B．realized
C．expected D．admitted
解析：选D 人们必须承认，嘈杂声有不同的特点。D项符合语境。
8．A.But B．So
C．Unless D．And
解析：选A 嘈杂声虽然令人厌烦，但在宴会上，一个人宁可做一个像蚊子那般不断发出嘈杂声的人也不愿意沉默。前后两句为转折关系，故用But。
9．A.fortunately B．confidently
C．curiously D．surprisingly
解析：选A 根据空后的“are pleasant to the ear”可知，幸运的是，这些嗡嗡的嘈杂声大多还是令人愉快的，所以A项符合语境。
10．A.outspoken B．impolite
C．foolish D．mature
解析：选C 如果一个人直到有了一个合理恰当的想法才加入谈话，那他就会显得愚蠢。
11．A.long B．continue
C．mean D．hate
解析：选D 根据“not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk”可知，此处指那些不喜欢以天气作为谈话开端的人。
12．A.in the hope of B．in need of
C．in the face of D．in favour of
解析：选A 大家都知道很多聊天没有实际内容，所以很少有人抱着学新东西的目的去聊天。in the hope of“怀着……的希望”，符合语境。
13．A.minds B．bodies
C．actions D．ears
解析：选D 一些人只要获准给其他人的耳朵制造声音就满足了。D项符合语境。
14．A.nothing B．something
C．everything D．anything
解析：选A 他们在谈话中除了谈一些生活琐事以外，没有什么可以告诉他人的。故选A。
15．A.modest B．serious
C．successful D．secretive
解析：选C 在晚上结束的时候，他们长时间的谈话空洞无物，只证明了自己是成功的健谈者。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
完形填空技法(6)——利用反映作者态度或感情色彩的词汇来解题
我们在快速阅读文章的过程中，要细心找出能够反映作者态度或感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词、动词等，这些词汇经常是我们做题时的重要参照线索，可以帮助我们快速圈定某些题目的正确答案。例如上文第9题，由后面的pleasant可知答案为A项fortunately。
A
(2019·郑州市第一次质量预测)The hit movie Notting Hill (《诺丁山》) begins with a famous scene. Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and spills orange juice all over her. After the collision, Grant repeatedly says, “I'm so sorry. I'm so sorry.”
His actions in this scene are very British. If Roberts were from Britain, then she would probably apologize repeatedly as well — even if the crash were not her fault. But this doesn't happen in the movie, as Roberts is from the US.
A report in The Telegraph once said that three quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the street — regardless of whether they are responsible or not. In fact, Britons use “sorry” in many situations. For example, if they mishear someone, they say “Sorry？” The person they are talking to will also apologize by replying, “No, I am sorry！” This can go on for up to five minutes as they compete for who is the most sorry.
Why are Britons so sorry? Mark Tyrrell, a psychology writer in the UK, thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system. “We say sorry because historically the new middle class in Britain had to apologize for not being the working class, but also for not really being the upper class.” Another theory is that they apologize to avoid conflicts. For example, if they bump into someone, he might get angry. To avoid this, they instantly say “Sorry！”
True manners are about being considerate, and today's constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were. The word “sorry” has lost some of its meaning. Do you see my point? Sorry, it might just be a British thing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国人的道歉文化及其原因：一是因为历史上英国的新中产阶级；二是为了避免冲突。
1．Why does the author mention a scene in the movie Notting Hill at the beginning?
A．To give an example of British modesty.
B．To introduce different ways of saying sorry.
C．To show what kind of men are considered gentlemen in the UK.
D．To draw our attention to when and how British people say sorry.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知，文章开头用电影作例，描述了英国人道歉的场景，引出文章的主题——英国的道歉文化。
2．Which of the following statements might Mark Tyrrell agree with?
A．People should not apologize if they are not responsible.
B．Americans care less about manners than British people do.
C．That British people apologize so much is linked to the class system.
D．British people care too much about which social class they are from.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Mark Tyrrell ...thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system.”可知，Mark Tyrrell认为英国人的道歉根源于其阶级制度。由此可推断，C项正确。
3．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．It's unnecessary for British people to be so polite.
B．The overuse of apologizing shows Britons are truly sincere.
C．People should not stick to the traditional use of the word “sorry”．
D．Using “sorry” more doesn't necessarily mean people are more polite.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容以及最后一段中的“today's constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were”可知，英国人道歉或是与他们的阶级制度有关，或是为了避免冲突，但今天的多次道歉已经失去了一些意义，并不意味着人们更有礼貌。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A．To explore the best way of saying sorry.
B．To explain why Britons overuse the word “sorry”．
C．To show how saying sorry has changed over time.
D．To suggest many British people lack traditional manners.
解析：选B 写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文由电影场景引入主题，介绍了英国的道歉文化，并介绍了英国人道歉的原因及今天道歉的意义，主要目的是介绍英国人过量使用道歉的原因。
B
Some people are so rude!
Who sends an email or a text message that just says “Thank you”？ Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on Google? Don't these people realize that they're wasting your time?
Maybe I'm the rude one for not appreciating life's little politeness. But many social agreed standards just don't make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
In texts, you don't have to declare who you are or even say hello. Email, too, is slower than a text. Voice mail is a now impolite way of trying to connect.
My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages, none of which I listened to. Exasperated,_he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls. “Why are you leaving him voice mail？” my sister asked. “Just text him.”
In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask onceacceptable questions about: the weather forecast, a business's phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, which can be easily found on Google Maps. But people still ask these things. And when you answer, they respond with a thankyou email.
How to handle these differing standards? Easy. Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thankyou message. Others, like me, want no reply.
The anthropologist (人类学家) Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that timewasting forms of communication do.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如今在智能手机时代，人们应该选择何种方式进行沟通。
5．What does the underlined word “Exasperated” mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．Worried. B．Surprised.
C．Annoyed. D．Tired.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句中的“he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls”可知，作者的父亲对作者不给自己回电话很不满，由此可推知exasperated意思是“恼怒的，生气的”，故选C。
6．Why didn't the writer reply to his father?
A．He liked text messages better.
B．He enjoyed checking his voice mail.
C．He didn't receive any voice mail messages.
D．He didn't want to talk with his father.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“‘Why are you leaving him voice mail？’ my sister asked. ‘Just text him’．”可推知，作者不喜欢用语音信箱，更偏爱发短信，故选A。
7．Which of the following does the writer agree to?
A．People needn't learn from one another in traditional societies.
B．Dealing with voice mail should vary with each individual.
C．People needn't turn to Google for help when in trouble.
D．Declaring who you are or saying hello in texts is necessary.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第七段的内容可推知，标准是变化的，处理方式应该因人而异，而不是一刀切，语音信箱的使用亦是如此，故选B。
8．What's the best title of this passage?
A．Nowadays: what should we do with text messages?
B．Nowadays: do you like leaving others a voice message?
C．Nowadays: what means should we use in communication?
D．Nowadays: do you need a thankyou message?
解析：选C 标题归纳题。根据对文章内容的整体理解可知，第三段引入本文话题，最后两段点题总结，本文主要讨论的是如今(在智能手机时代)我们应该用何种方式沟通，故选C项。
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