2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：2.4



[话题单词]
1．challenge n． 挑战
2．consequence n． 后果
3．environment n． 环境
4．species n． 物种
5．creature n． 生物
6．survival n． 幸存；存活
7．extinction n． 灭绝
8．disappearance n． 消失
9．overfish v． 过度捕鱼
10．finless adj. 无鳍的
11．porpoise n． 海豚
12．botanical adj. 植物的
13．whale n． 鲸鱼
14．kangaroo n． 袋鼠
15．giraffe n． 长颈鹿
[话题短语]
1．a law of nature自然法则
2．use up Earth’s resources用尽地球资源
3．go against nature违反自然
4．keep the balance of nature保护生态平衡
5．protect the endangered animals保护濒危动物
6．treat wild animals as our friends把动物当作朋友
7．attach great importance to十分重视
8．take effective measures采取有效措施
9．in harmony with nature与自然和谐相处
10．in ruins严重受损
11．die out灭绝
12．escape from从……逃跑
13．result in导致
14．without limit无节制地
15．negative effect负面影响
[话题佳句]
1．That’s a problem we Chinese must pay special attention to.
这是我们中国人尤其要关注的问题。
2．We should raise the awareness of protecting our environment.
我们应该提高保护环境的意识。
3．Some actions should be taken to handle the pollutions as quickly as possible.
我们应尽快采取措施来对付各种污染。
4．How to deal with environmental pollution remains a problem in the world.
如何解决环境污染仍然是一个世界难题。
5．As we all know，people can live without most industrial products，but we can not survive without nature.
众所周知，人们没有工业产品可以活下来，但没有大自然却难以生存。
6．How important and necessary for us to keep the balance of nature and protect the environment!
对于我们来说，维持生态平衡，保护赖以生存的环境是多么重要啊！
[佳作背诵]
你校计划进行一次宣传活动，主题是保护人类共同的朋友——动物。现请你就此写一份宣传材料，内容包括动物的生存现状、动物对于人类的重要性等，并且在最后提出倡议。
Dear friends，
Have you noticed that the number of rare animals is on the decrease? With our environment going worse，many animals can’t adapt themselves to the new changes so that many species are endangered or have even died out. Besides, human activity also has a great influence on them. For example, people often kill them in order to get their meat or fur.
Animals are our friends. They play an important role in keeping the balance of nature. We can’t live without them. What’s more, both humans and animals should share the earth equally. To show our love to animals can definitely help us live more happily.
To conclude，please remember your care can make a difference. Join us in protecting our best friends—animals.

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍
②appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到
③succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任
④hunt vt. & vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻
⑤inspect vt.检查；视察→inspection n．检查
⑥mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→ merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的 →merciless adj.残忍的
⑦affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭→effect n．影响；作用→affection n．喜爱；感情
⑧employ vt.雇用；利用时间、精力等 →employee n．雇员，雇工 →employer n．雇主 →employment n．雇用；使用；就业
⑨harm n. & vt.损害；危害 →harmful adj.有害的 →harmless adj.无害的
⑩respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应→ response n．回答；响应
2．阅读单词
①importance n．重要性
②attention n．注意；关注；注意力
③bite vt. & vi.叮；咬；刺痛
④decrease vi. & vt.减少；使变小或变少→increase v．增加
⑤certain adj.确定的；某一；一定
⑥powerful adj.强大的；有力的
⑦secure adj.安全的；可靠的
⑧wild adj.野生的；野的；荒凉的
⑨incident n．事件；事变
⑩unexpected adj.想不到的；意外的
⑪reserve v．预订；保留n.储备；保护区
reservation n．预订；保留意见
⑫loss n．损失；遗失；丧失→lose v．损失→lost adj.消失的
⑬ending n．结局；结尾
end n. & v．结束
⑭distant adj.远的；远处的
distance n．远方
⑮faithfully adv.忠诚地；忠实地→faithful adj.忠实的，忠诚的；如实的→faith n．信仰；信念；信任；忠实
⑯relief n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物→relieve v．缓和；减少(痛苦等)；解除(负担)；使快乐
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．The railway station is at a distance (distant)of two miles away from our school.
2．I received a letter containing (contain)some important information about the project.
3．Sorry，you can't take the seats，because they are reserved(reserve)for special guests.
4．Have you succeeded (succeed)in passing the exam?
5．That big company has over 500 employees (employ)．
6．I'd appreciate (appreciate)it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
7．Much affected(affect)by the story，I am determined to be a volunteer worker.
8．By the year 2020，computers will have already become more handy and also more powerful(power) than the human brain.
9．Lacking proper protection against cold，we tried to make a fire to protect us from the cold night.(protect)
10．None of the students responded to her question；in other words，her question failed to get a response from any of the students.(respond)

1．后缀－ful构成的必备形容词
①beautiful漂亮的
②careful小心的，谨慎的
③doubtful怀疑的，疑惑的
④faithful守信的
⑤forgetful健忘的
⑥helpful有帮助的
⑦hopeful充满希望的
⑧skillful熟练的
⑨successful成功的
⑩wonderful精彩的
2．词形相近词对比记
①inspect vt.检查；视察
②aspect n．样子；外表；方面
③respect n. & vt.尊敬；敬重
④suspect vt.怀疑
⑤expect vt.预料；盼望；认为
3．“出现；消失”家族
①die out灭亡；逐渐消失
②disappear消失；失踪
③appear出现
④vanish消失；突然不见
⑤show up出现
⑥turn up出现；发生
4．词尾－al构成的名词荟萃
①survival幸存
②arrival到达
③refusal拒绝
④musical音乐片
⑤burial埋葬
⑥criminal罪犯
⑦memorial纪念馆
⑧approval批准；同意
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋名词＋介词
①pay attention to注意
②do harm to对……有害
③protect...from保护……不受……(危害)
2．介词＋名词
①in peace和平地；和睦地；安详地
②in danger (of)在危险中；垂危
③in relief如释重负；松了口气
④without mercy毫不怜悯地
3．其他形式
①die out灭亡；逐渐消失
②according to按照；根据……所说
③so that以至于；结果；为了
④burst into laughter突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
⑤come into being形成；产生
用上面所给短语的适当形式填空
1. Hearing that her son came back safe and sound，she smiled in relief.
2．As is reported on TV，many kinds of animals and plants are dying out in the world every year.
3．Shall we go on Saturday morning？We can set out early so that we'll have more time to read and select books.
4．Hearing the funny story，the students all burst into laughter.
5．The doctors pronounced that he was no longer in danger.

1．“动词＋out”短语荟萃
①hold out坚持下去
②set out出发，着手，摆放
③make out理解，看清楚
④come out出版，出来
⑤cut out删去，切断
⑥take out取出，去掉
2．“关注”词汇一览
①pay attention to注意
②keep an eye on密切注视
③focus one's attention on关注
④concentrate on关注；集中注意力
⑤keep a close watch on密切关注
⑥fix one's eyes on注视
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests.
这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。
as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……；像……那样”。suggest在此处意为“建议”。
我们应该按照该组织的建议来保护这一地区的珍稀动物。
We should protect the rare animals in this area as the organization suggests.
2.They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.
他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
the way是先行词，后跟省略了 that/in which的定语从句。
世界上很多国家的人们对日本人猎杀海豚的方式感到愤慨。
The people in many countries in the world are angry with the way the Japanese kill the dolphins.
3.This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there are very few left.
这是红髯猴的唯一的家园，但是现在所剩无几了。
“there are very few left”是 there be 句型，其中left作 few的定语。
我们学校的报纸上有一个栏目叫“外国文化”。
In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Wildlife Protection
Dinosaurs died out because of 1.an unexpected incident.But wildlife today disappears or is in danger just because humans do harm to it.For example，tigers2.are hunted(hunt)for fur to make carpets so that they can only live in secure reserves; grassland is destroyed 3.without mercy so that dust storms come into being affecting distant cities.
Last year，scientists saw some monkeys 4.rubbing(rub) themselves with a certain kind of insects to protect 5.themselves from fierce mosquitoes biting.According to the result of the inspection，they found that the insect contains a 6.powerful(power) drug，so local farmers were employed 7.to catch(catch) the insects.The ending was 8.that the insects disappeared from the whole zone.9.When told that it was a loss to humans，the farmers burst into laughter and responded，“Our real loss is our decreasing income.”We should appreciate the 10.natural(nature) balance and pay more attention to the importance of wildlife protection.Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace，can we smile in relief.
Notes：dinosaur /'daɪnəsɔː(r)/ n. 恐龙　mosquito /mə'skiːtəʊ/ n．蚊子


affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭
(教材原句)It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。
拓展词：affection n．喜爱；爱慕
(1)be affected by heat/cold中暑/着凉
be affected by/with a high fever发高烧
be greatly/deeply affected 很/深受感动
(2)have an effect on... 对……产生影响
take effect 生效；奏效
come into effect 生效；实行
be of no effect 无效的；无用的
(1)Never hate your enemies.It affects(affect) your judgement.不要憎恨你的敌人，那会影响你的判断力。
(2)The education quality affects(＝has an effect on)society's need for the graduates directly.
教育质量直接影响社会对毕业生的需求。
(3)单句语法填空
①The baby was affected by/with a high fever and had to be sent to the hospital immediately.
②There is no doubt that the human activity has an effect on the planet.
(4)写作能力提升
He was affected by the failure in the exam and lost heart.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→Affected by the failure in the exam， he lost heart.
(5)写出句子中黑体词的汉语意思
The disease affects many different organs of the body.(疾病)侵袭
appreciate v．欣赏，赏识；感激，感谢；理解；意识到
(教材原句)You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together.
你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。
拓展词：appreciation n．欣赏；感激；理解
appreciate(sb./sb.'s)doing sth.感激(某人)做某事
appreciate it if...如果……将非常感激
appreciate sb.'s friendship珍视某人的友谊
[要点释疑]
appreciate后不接不定式；其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语；且其后不直接跟从句，需先接it，再接从句，类似用法的动词还有：like，enjoy，hate，love，take，dislike，have等。
(1)Life has its ups and downs.You will never fully appreciate the ups unless you have some downs.
人生充满了起起落落，没有在低处历练过的人，也无法享受高处的快感。
(2)It is at time like this that one really appreciates(appreciate) the kindness of a friend.
只有在这样的时刻，一个人才会真正领会到朋友的深情厚谊。
(3)单句语法填空
①I sincerely appreciate your lending (lend)me the money.
②I would appreciate it greatly if you can take action at once.
③He expressed his appreciation (appreciate)for what we had done for him.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.
succeed vi.成功
vt.接替；继任
(教材原句)What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed？要成功地保护野生动植物必须做什么？
拓展词：success n. [U]成功；成就；[C]成功的人或事物
successful adj.成功的
successfully adv.成功地
succeed in doing sth.＝be successful in doing sth.＝manage to do sth.成功地做某事
succeed to sth.继承……
succeed sb. as接替某人成为……
(1)Our greatest weakness lies in giving up.The most certain way to succeed(succeed) is always to try one more time.
我们最大的弱点就是轻言放弃，追求成功最有把握的方法就是永远再多试一次。
(2)Undoubtedly，good health is very important for any person who wants to succeed in(＝be successful in)his career.毫无疑问，健康的身体对于那些想在事业上有所成就的人来说非常重要。
(3)语境活用
He succeeded his father as the manager of the company.Soon their business became very successful.Lots of people wanted to know the secret of his success.
他接替他的父亲成为公司的经理，很快他们的生意变得非常成功。许多人都想知道他成功的秘密。
(4)写作能力提升
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The key to successful (success)small talk is learning how to connect with others，not just communicate with them.
employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
(教材原句)Can they be employed to work in the park and not hurt the animals?
他们能被雇去公园工作并且不伤害动物吗？
拓展词：employer n．雇用者，雇主，老板；employee n．雇工，雇员；employment n．职业，工作，使用
(1)employ sb. as...雇用某人作……
employ sb. to do sth.雇用某人做某事
从事于/忙于(做)某事
(2)in sb.'s employ 受雇于某人；为某人工作
(3)out of employment失业
in employment有工作；在业
(1)Several specialists have been employed(employ) from overseas to solve the problem.
已经从海外聘请了几名专家来解决这个问题。
(2)单句语法填空
①He has been employed in writing a new book these days.
②For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.
(3)写作能力提升
He was employed in reading and he didn't see Tom come in.
①Employed in reading，he didn't see Tom come in.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
②Employing himself in reading，he didn't see Tom come in.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC，with many seeking employment(employ) in engineering，aviation，education，medicine and a wide variety of other professions.

die out灭亡；逐渐消失
(教材原句)As a result these endangered animals may even die out.
结果，这些濒危的动物甚至可能会消亡。
dying adj.垂死的；临终的；渴望的
death n．死；死亡
die away(指风、声、光等)逐渐减弱；渐渐消失
die down减弱；平息
die from死于(外因，如：外伤、自然灾害、交通事故等)
die of死于(内因，如：疾病、饥饿、寒冷、衰老等)
die off相继死去
be dying for/to do sth.渴望得到某物/做某事
(1)He is dying(die) to see you.他很想见你。
(2)The concert in the open air came to an end at midnight and the fire died down gradually.
露天音乐会半夜结束了，篝火也逐渐熄灭了。
(3)单句语法填空
①This kind of plant has already died out.
②The wind had died away by dusk.
③The leaves of this plant are dying off.
④Don't worry.The gossip will soon die down.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Dance expresses love and hate，joy and sorrow，life and death(die)，and everything else in between.
come into being形成；产生
(教材原句)They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.
千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多。当时他们的前景好像也很安全。
[要点释疑]
come into effect/force/operation开始生效/执行/实施
come into existence/being开始存在/形成/产生
come into power/office就职；上台执政
come into use/service开始被使用
come into the habit of养成……的习惯
come into being为不及物动词短语，无被动形式，也不用于进行时态。
(1)The new law will come into effect/force next month.新的法律将在下月生效。
(2)The big hotel has come(come)into use/service.
那家大宾馆已经投入使用。
(3)单句改错
①There is no road ahead of us but road will be come into being after we walk through.去掉be
②This decision，which aims to reduce air pollution，will come to effect from the first day of 2018.to→into
pay attention to注意
(教材原句)You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together.你应该多关注我居住的雨林并欣赏一下动物们是如何在一起生活的。
draw/attract/catch one's attention引起某人的注意
turn one's attention to...把注意力转移到……
fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on... 注意力集中在……
devote one's attention to...专心致志于……
bring sth. to one's attention吸引某人注意某事
have sb.'s attention让某人注意
(1)单句语法填空
①In order to protect the balance of nature，the professor suggested that we should pay attention to improving(improve)people's environmental awareness.
②You speak English very well，but more attention should be paid(pay)to your written English.
(2)写作能力提升
He stood there，his attention fixed(fix)on the notice on the wall.他站在那儿，集中注意力看墙上的布告。
①He stood there，and his attention was fixed on the notice on the wall.
②He stood there，fixing his attention on the notice on the wall.
③He fixed his attention on the notice on the wall while standing there.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)They no longer paid(pay) attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.

They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
句中way表示“方式，方法”，其后“the bones were joined together”为定语从句，修饰先行词the way，从句中缺少状语，用that/in which引导定语从句，也可以省略。
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。
(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth.的形式。
(1)Society tends to look at a woman by the way (that/in in which) she looks，whether that is appropriate or not.
不管那么说是否合适，这个社会对女人总是倾向于以貌取人。
(2)单句语法填空
①He orders his assistants around in a way that/which is very offensive.
②He was a little man with thick glasses，but he had a strange way to make (make)his classes lively and interesting.
③I'd like to know the way you think of to improve(improve)your handwriting.
After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs.
过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。
with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs为“with＋复合宾语”作定语。
“with复合结构”在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的结构有：
(1)with＋宾语＋doing
(2)with＋宾语＋done
(3)with＋宾语＋adj.
(4)with＋宾语＋adv.
(5)with＋宾语＋to do
(6)with＋宾语＋介词短语
(1)With the summer vacation approaching(approach)，I desire to do a part-time job in a foreign company.随着暑假的临近，我想在一家外资企业找一份兼职工作。
(2)He stood in the rain，with his clothes wet.
他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。
(3)The boy stood there with his head down.
这个男孩低头站在那儿。
(4)He stood at the door，with a computer in his hand.
他站在门口，手里拿着一台电脑。
(5)单句语法填空
①With winter coming(come) on，it's time to buy warm clothes.
②With all the things she needed bought(buy)，she went home happily.
③With nothing to do(do)，Tom sleeps at home.
④The man was brought in，with his hands tied(tie)．
(6)写作能力提升
The College Entrance Examination is drawing near，so the students feel great pressure.(用with复合结构改写)
With the College Entrance Examination drawing near，the students feel great pressure.
(7)单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left(leave)．
②(2018·北京卷)In the end, we took a group photo，with cups or tea in our hands，to record this unforgettable experience.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunken driving，the number of accidents from it has greatly decreased(减少)．
2．.As a matter of fact，your opinion will not affect(影响)my decision.
3．This incident(事件)really let me know that I have a long way to go.
4．When he opened the schoolbag，he found that it contained(包含)two books，a pen and an eraser.
5．The gunmen showed no mercy(怜悯)，killing innocent men and women.
6．At one point，it seemed certain(肯定)that their plane would crash.
7．The Internet and television make it possible for us to see a distant (遥远的)scene.
8．We must let everyone know the importance(重要性)of environment protection.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．As we all know，smoking is harmful for our health.for→to
2．I appreciate given such a good chance to make a speech on how to learn English well.appreciate后加being
3．It never occurred to me that you could succeed persuading him to change his mind.succeed后加in
4．With spring came，it is getting warmer and warmer.came→coming
5．Mary has employed himself in making preparations for her trip to America all the afternoon.himself→herself
6．The scientist explained in his book how the universe was came into being.去掉was
7．With the government's aid，those affecting by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.affecting→affected
8．I hate the way which she always criticizes me.which →that/which前加in/去掉which
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
One day, Daisy dreamed 1.a strange dream. She flew in a wonderful carpet to talk 2.with an antelope in Tibet. The antelope told her they were hunted because of their fur 3.which/that can be used to make sweaters for people like her. In three years they may all 4.be gone (go). Later, she flew to Zimbabwe 5.where she talked with an elephant and got to know the farmers there no 6.longer (long) hunted them. That’s 7.because the government decided to help and the farmers finally made a lot of money from the tourism.At last she 8.arrived (arrive) at the thick rainforest where a monkey told her“No rainforest, no animals 9.and no drugs”. Although 10.finally (final) everything was gone, she had learned so much!
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Many animals have disappeared during the long history of the earth. The more famous of these animals are dinosaurs. They lived in the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came being. Their future seemed securely at that time. There had many different kinds of dinosaurs. The number of them used to living in China. Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in so a short time. According to a UN reports, some 844 animals and plants have been disappeared in the last 500 years.
答案：
Many animals have disappeared during the long history of the earth. The famous of these animals are dinosaurs. They lived the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came being. Their future seemed at that time. There many different kinds of dinosaurs. number of them used to in China. Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in a short time. According to a UN ， some 844 animals and plants have been disappeared in the last 500 years.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．当今世界，很多动物濒临灭绝。
2．很多人渴望捕获一些野生动物赚钱。
3．幸运的是，我们的政府采取措施保护这些动物不被捕杀。
4．不久，野生动物的数量就会增加。
5．随着一些问题的解决，我们的环境会越来越好。
Nowdays，many animals are in danger of dying out.In the past，many people were longing to hunt some wild animals to earn some money.Luckily，our government is taking measures to protect these animals from being hunted.It will not be long before the number of the wild animals increases.With the problems solved，our environment will be better and better.