2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：4.4



[话题单词]
1．communicate v． 交际，交流
2．create v． 创造
3．witness v． 见证
4．establish v． 建立
5．imagination n． 想象
6．conversation n． 谈话
7．relationship n． 关系
8．meaningful adj. 有意义的
9．convenient adj. 便利的
10．impolite adj. 不礼貌的
11．uneasy adj. 不舒适的，不自在的
12．curiosity n． 好奇(心)
13．appreciation n． 欣赏，赏识
14．impatient adj. 不耐烦的，急躁的
15．manners n． 礼貌(仪)
[话题短语]
1．be gentle with sb.对某人和蔼
2．be helpful to有助于
3．be kind，friendly and polite to others对别人善良、友好、有礼貌
4．get on well with sb.与某人相处好
5．take an active part in activities积极参与活动
6．get more chances获取更多机会
7．always wear a smile总是面带微笑
8．be wild with anger暴怒
9．on behalf of代表，为了
10．face to face面对面
11．form the habit of养成……的习惯
12．make use of利用
13．have an advantage over在……方面有优势
14．develop one's interest 培养某人的兴趣
15．tell the differences of...说出……的区别
[话题佳句]
1．Body language is a means of communication.
肢体语言是与人交流的一种方法。
2．However，not everybody can use the same body language to communicate with others.
并非所有的人都可以用同一种肢体语言进行交流。
3．People from different cultures may misunderstand the gestures they use.
有着不同文化背景的人们对彼此的手势很有可能产生误会。
4．Therefore it is very important for you to have a good understanding of the body language there if you are in a foreign country.
如果你身在国外，了解当地的肢体语言是非常重要的。
5．A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world full of strangers.
微笑能够帮助我们渡过难关，帮助我们在一个充满陌生人的世界里找到朋友。
[佳作背诵]
微笑的力量
某英语报社拟成立微笑俱乐部，现向全球征募会员。要求申请者提交一篇题为——I Want to Smile 的英语短文。请你以申请者的身份，根据以下思路图的提示用英语写一篇短文。

注意：1.词数不少于100；
2．根据思路图适当展开，以使行文连贯。
I Want to Smile
Smile is a universal language, which is a powerful tool to smooth away misunderstandings.It is necessary to smile because the advantages are obvious.Not only can it keep us happy，but also give others pleasure.So I want to smile every day.
I'd like to smile at my parents who have taken great pains to bring me up .It is with their help and guidance that I have made progress in life. I hope to show my gratitude for them with a smile.Then I'd like to smile at myself in order to encourage myself to be confident in dealing with the coming difficulties and put myself in a good mood in life.
It is well known that smile and the whole world will smile at you.I hope to see smiling faces wherever I go.

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①facial adj. 面部用的
②approach vt.&vi.接近；靠近；走近n.接近；方法；途径
③ease n. 安逸；舒适vt. 减轻痛苦、忧虑
④defend vt.保护；保卫
⑤function n．作用；功能；职能vi.起作用；运转
⑥curious adj.好奇的→ curiously adv.好奇地→ curiosity n．好奇心
⑦greet vt.&vi.迎接；问候；映入……的眼帘→ greeting n．问候
⑧misunderstand vt.误解；误会→ misunderstanding n．误解；误会
⑨likely adj.可能的→ unlikely adj.不可能的
⑩represent vt.代表；象征→ representation n．表现；描述；描绘→ representative adj.典型的；有代表性的
2．阅读单词
①dash vi. 猛冲；突进
②flight n. 飞行；航班
③false adj. 错误的；假的
④yawn v. 打哈欠
⑤hug vt.&vi. 拥抱
⑥rank n. 等级；军衔
⑦adult n. 成人；成年人
adj. 成人的；成熟的
⑧canteen n．餐厅；食堂
⑨crossroads n. 交叉路口
⑩dormitory n. 学生宿舍(缩写式dorm)
⑪cassette n．盒式录音带；弹夹；珠宝箱，宝匣
⑫statement n. 陈述；说明
state vt. 陈述；说明
⑬association n. 社团；联系；联想
associate vt. 联系
⑭major adj. 主要的
majority n. 大多数
⑮subjective adj. 主观的 subject n．主题；对象
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．It is good to be curious about the world around you because I think curiosity (curious)is the best teacher.
2．The representatives (represent)were all amazed by what had happened in the factory.
3．Mr Green greeted (greet)me warmly as I arrived.
4．All the approaches (approach)to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday.
5．All the people，men and women，young and old, were fighting against the flood in defence (defend)of their own homes.
6．When you are playing，watch your tone of voice and facial(face)expression.
7．Soon afterwards he made his first public statement(state)about the affair.
8．Being misunderstood (misunderstand)by others when you do nothing wrong is quite a bad experience.
9．She is not an outgoing person and she doesn't let anyone know what she truly(true)felt.
10．Do you belong to any professional or trade associations (associate)?

1．“主要的；重要的”形容词家族
①major 主要的，重要的
②main 主要的
③chief 首要的
④primary 主要的，首要的
⑤important 重要的，重大的
⑥leading 重要的，首位的
⑦principle 主要的，首要的
⑧vital 极其重要的
⑨significant 意义重大的
2．后缀-ly构成的形容词集锦
①likely 可能的
②brotherly 兄弟般的
③costly 昂贵的
④daily 日常的
⑤friendly 友好的
⑥lively 活泼的
⑦manly 有男子气概的
⑧lovely 可爱的
⑨orderly 整洁的
⑩weekly 每周的
3．常见“人体部位及器官”名词荟萃
①cheek 脸颊
②forehead 额头
③chest 胸部
④shoulder 肩膀
⑤throat 喉咙
⑥tongue 舌头
⑦lung 肺
⑧liver 肝脏
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词/副词
①put up 举起；升起；搭建；留宿
②defend... against 防御；保卫……以免受
2．介词＋名词
①at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
②in general总的来说；通常
③on the contrary相反地
3．其他形式
①as if 好像
②lose face 丢脸
③be likely to 很可能……；有希望……
④turn one's back to 背对；背弃
⑤as well as 和……一样好；而且；也；和
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．The leader needs more bodyguards to defend himself against his enemies.
2．As far as I'm concerned，the paper book is not likely to be substituted.
3．He felt quite at ease when he stayed with us.
4．Peter can be really difficult to deal with at times even though he's a nice person in general.
5．He refused to admit his mistakes before so many people for fear of losing face.
6．I don't think the boy works hard but on the contrary he is diligent.

1．“in＋n.”必备短语一览
①in general 总的来说；通常
②in addition 另外，加之
③in advance 预先，事先
④in brief 简单地说
⑤in common 共用的，共有的
⑥in debt 欠债，欠情
⑦in difficulty 处境困难
⑧in hand 在进行中，待办理
⑨in person 亲自，本人
⑩in time 及时
2．“on the＋n.”必备短语荟萃
①on the contrary 相反
②on the march 在游行，在行军
③on the spot 在场，马上
④on the whole 总的来说，大体上
⑤on the other hand 另一方面
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
the first/last(one/person) to do sth.意为“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”。
中国女排主教练郎平成为第一位既以运动员的身份又作为教练获得女排奥运冠军的人。
Lang Ping，head coach of the Chinese women's volleyball team，has become the first to win gold medals at the Olympics both as a coach and player.
2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距的程度也并不一样。
not all“并非所有的都……”，表示部分否定。
并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。
Not all are willing to do such work，for it is quite hard for some of them.
3.However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.
不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。
be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”。
如果你努力学习，你很有可能考入理想的大学。
If you study hard，you are likely to be admitted to your dreaming university.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
A Misunderstanding
In general，spoken statements are the major way of communication，but body language and facial expressions also have such kinds of function.For example,1.yawning(yawn) means being not interested and turning one's back to someone or swinging your fist shows your anger.But 2.what those gestures really mean is subjective in different cultures.Thus,3.misunderstandings(misunderstand) happen now and then in today's world of cultural crossroads.Once,4.representing(represent) the Adults' Education Association，I went to the airport to meet an official of high rank 5.from Columbia and take him to his dormitory and then to the canteen.After the flight arrived，I saw a man looking around 6.curiously(curious)．So I approached to greet him.He suddenly dashed to hug me 7.and kissed me on both cheeks.As a young girl，I felt truly 8.embarrassed(embarrass) and put up my hands to defend myself.His false smile told me that he had lost face.
Later，I received a cassette from him，in 9.which he recorded his apology.On hearing that Columbians were more likely 10.to kiss(kiss) others，I soon felt at ease.


represent v．代表；象征；表示；描绘；声称
(教材原句)Yesterday，another student and I，representing our university's student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.昨天，我和另一个学生代表我们学校的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的留学生。
拓展词：representative n．代表；代理人；adj.典型的；有代表性的
representation n．代表；表现；代理；描述；描绘
(1)represent...with...用……代表……
represent...as...把……描绘成……
represent sb. as/to be...宣称某人为……
represent sth. to sb.向某人说明/传达某事
represent oneself as...自称……
(2)make representations to...与……交涉；向……提出抗议
(3)be representative of(＝be typical of)是……的代表，是……中典型的
[要点释疑]
represent作“说明，使明白”和“传达，表达”讲时，不能直接跟人作宾语，常用结构为：represent sth.to sb.或represent to sb.sth.。类似的单词还有：explain，guarantee，relate等。
(1)The word “love” is often represented by a heart.“爱”这个词常用心形来表示。
(2)语境活用
The other day，I represented(represent)our university to attend a meeting.I make several friends with representatives(represent)from different universities，among whom there were two representing(represent) themselves to be/as experts in medicine.
几天前，我代表我们学校参加了一个会议。我和几位来自于不同大学的代表成为朋友，他们中有两个人自称是医药界的专家。
(3)写作能力提升
Tom who represented our school participated in the competition.(用动词-ing形式做定语改写)
→Tom representing our school participated in the competition.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·浙江卷)And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent(representation) a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
curious adj.好奇的
(教材原句)After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive.I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
等待了半个小时之后，他们的航班到达了，我看到几个年轻人进入了等候区好奇地四处张望。
拓展词：curiosity n．好奇；好奇心
(1)be curious about对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth.极想做某事
It's curious that...真奇怪……
(2)out of/from curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity＝curiously好奇地
meet/satisfy one's curiosity满足某人的好奇心
(1)It is good to be curious about the world around you because I think curiosity(curious)is the best teacher.对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事，因为我认为好奇心是最好的老师。
(2)语境活用
John was curious about(感到好奇)his uncle digging a hole under the bed and he asked him about it.But the answer could not satisfy his curiosity(满足……好奇心)．Then，out of curiosity(出于好奇)，John walked into his uncle's room to find the answer when his uncle was away.It was curious(很反常的是)that he found his uncle buried a dead bird in the hole.
(3)写作能力提升
He was curious about Australian cities，so he read the book written by Dr Johnson.(用形容词短语作状语改写)．
→Curious about Australian cities，he read the book written by Dr Johnson.
approach vt.&vi.接近；靠近 n．接近；方法；途径
(教材原句)Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!
托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了亲她的脸！
(1)approach sb./sth.接近某人/某物
be easy/difficult to approach容易/难以接近
(2)present a new approach提出一个新的方法
an approach to(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法
the approach of sth.某事的来临
make an approach to sb.接洽，接近
at the approach of在……快到的时候
(1)With winter approaching(approach)，the weather becomes cold.
＝As winter is approaching(approach)，the weather becomes cold.
＝The approach of winter brings the cold weather.
冬天临近，天气转冷。
(2)单句语法填空
①I appreciate the professor's new approach to teaching(teach) languages.
②Approaching (approach) the city centre，we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
③All the approaches(approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach(approach) this important point.
defend vt.防御；保护，保卫；辩解；辩白；(为……)辩护
(教材原句)She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence.她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。
拓展词：defenc(s)e n．防御；防御工事；保卫
defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的
(1)defend sb./sth.from/against sb./(doing)sth.保护某人(物)免受伤害；保卫某人(物)
defend oneself against sth.为自己辩护
(2)in defence of＝in one's defence保卫……；为……辩护
(1)The law allows people to defend themselves against a charge.法律允许人们在面对指控时为自己辩护。
(2)单句语法填空
①These green barriers not only change the look of Beijing but also defend it against/from the desert.
②The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence(defend)of their country.
③The best defence(defend)is a good offense.
(3)写作能力提升
He has hired a lawyer to defend himself against his action.(用defence改写)
He has hired a lawyer in his defence/in defence of himself against his action.

in general总的来说；通常
(教材原句)In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!
但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难。
(1)general knowledge常识
as a general rule一般而言；通常
generally
(2)generally(speaking)总体而言；一般而言
on the whole＝to be short/brief＝to sum up总的来说
as a whole就整体来看
in a word总之
in short/brief/sum简而言之；总之
to put it simply简单地说
(1)Generally speaking，the more you pay，the more you get.一般来说，付出得越多，得到的越多。
(2)In American culture the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.在美国文化中，微笑一般表示快乐。
(3)写作能力提升
In general，about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions.
①Generally speaking，about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions.
②Generally，about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The general(generally) rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.
at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
(教材原句)The most universal facial expression is，of course，the smile—its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.
微笑当然是最普遍使用的面部表情——它的作用是表示快乐和让人舒适。
(1)with ease容易地，不费劲地
put/set sb.at (one's) ease使某人感到放松/轻松自在
feel/look at ease感到/看上去心情放松
take one's ease休息，放松一下
stand at ease稍息
(2)ease vt.使安心，使舒畅；减轻，缓和
ease sb's mind使某人安心
(1)Time won't ease your pain but it will let you get used to it.时间不会减轻你的痛苦，而会让你习惯它。
(2)用ease相关短语的适当形式填空
①I heard from her that she passed the test with ease.We were all amazed.
②His mind was at ease and he felt confident in the future.
③Once we know we can do something to make things better，we will feel at ease.
④When you feel nervous，you'd better listen to some light music to put/set yourself at ease.
(3)写作能力提升
He eased himself of anxiety and felt at ease.
①Easing himself of anxiety，he felt at ease.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②Eased of anxiety，he felt at ease.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
lose face丢脸；失面子
(教材原句)There are unhappy smiles，such as when someone“loses face”and smiles to hide it.还有不愉快的微笑。比如当某人“丢脸”时，会用微笑来掩盖。
(1)lose heart泄气；灰心
lose weight减肥
lose courage丧失勇气
lose one's heart to爱上；钟情于
lose one's temper发脾气
lose one's way迷路
lose one's life丧生
lose touch(with)(与……)失去联系
(2)in the face of面对某事物
face to face面对面地
save face保全面子
make a face做鬼脸
read one's face观察某人的脸色
be faced with面对(临)
(1)With more and more forests cut down，some animals are facing(face) the danger of dying out.由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。
(2)用face相关短语的正确形式填空
①He felt he lost face when his teacher scolded him in front of the class.
②Today we have chatting rooms，text messaging and emailing，but we seem to be losing the art of communicating face to face.
③He has courage in the face of challenges and misunderstandings.
(3)写作能力提升
Because we were faced with so much trouble.We failed to complete the task on time.
①Faced with so much trouble， we failed to complete the task on time.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
②So much trouble facing us，We failed to complete the task on time.(用动词face和独立主格结构改写)

　However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.
但是，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。
Sb./Sth. be likely to do sth.＝It's likely that...意为“……做某事是可能的”。
(1)It's likely that...＝sb. be likely to do...某人很可能……
(2)unlikely adj.不大可能发生的
be unlikely to do...不可能……；没有希望……
(3)unlike prep.不像；不同于adj.不大可能的；想不到的
(1)If you can find suitable learning methods，your learning efficiency is likely to improve(improve)．如果你能找到合适的学习方法，学习效率就可能会提高。
(2)The more exposed young people are to financial issues，the more likely they are to become responsible.年轻人接触的财务问题越多，越有可能变得有责任心。
(3)Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to make a good researcher.缺乏耐力和毅力的人不大可能成为优秀的研究人员。
[易混辨析]
likely
是常用词，指从表面痕迹来看很有可能。主语既可以是人也可以是物。可以说sb./sth. be likely to do sth.或“It's likely that...”但是不可以说“It is likely for sb. to do sth.”。
possible
强调客观上有可能，但实际上可能性很小。主语不可以是人，只能用it作形式主语，构成：It is possible for sb. to do sth.。
probable
语气比possible强，含有“很有可能，十有八九”的意思，构成：It is probable for sb. to do sth.。
(4)写作能力提升
如果你在一个大家庭中长大，你更有可能培养与他人融洽相处的能力。
①If you grow up in a large family，you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.
②If you grow up in a large family，it is more likely that you develop the ability to get on well with others.
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick(stick) to healthy food choices throughout the day.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Linda and I，representing (代表)our class，will take part in the contest to be held this weekend.
2．After the flood，the government tried hard to ease(减轻)people's suffering.
3．Children unaccompanied by an adult (成年人) will not be admitted.
4．Please decide whether the following statements are true or false(错误的)．
5．—Where is your sister now?
—She is in Shandong University，majoring (主修)in English literature.
6．The library is functioning(起作用)as a temporary hospital to cope with people injured in the earthquake.
7．All the flights(航班)were delayed due to bad weather.
8．At the meeting they discussed three different approaches (方法)to the study of mathematics.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．A moment later，the man came out of the washroom and approached to our table.去掉to
2．Nurses do all they can to make patients feel with ease.with→at
3．Wang Yaping has become the second Chinese woman astronaut work in space.work前加to
4．People gathered round，curiously to know what was happening.curiously→curious
5．He didn't participate in the oral competition，because he didn't want to lose a face.去掉a
6．The students are looking forward to represent the school to take part in the sports meet.represent→representing
7．People gathered around，curiously to know what was happening.curiously→curious
8．We're trying to raise awareness about the environment in generally and air pollution in particular.generally→general
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
Yesterday，another student and I,1.representing (represent) our university's student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students to Beijing University.2.After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive，I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around 3.curiously (curious)．
The first person 4.to arrive (arrive) was Tony Garcia from Colombia，and Julia from Britain.Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back as if in 5defence (defend)．I guessed that there was probably a major 6.misunderstanding (understand)．With more students arriving，I saw more different ways to greet each other.
7.As I get to know more international friends，I've learned that people communicate with spoken language and they also express their feelings 8.using (use) unspoken “language”．9.In general，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of 10.cultural (culture) crossroads.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Body language is one of a most powerful means of communication.It is used to conveying their thoughts and opinions and to communicate to each other.When talk with others，you are not just using words，but using facial expression as well as gestures.Just like words，body language varies from culture to culture.For example，in many countries，shake one's head means“no” when nodding means“yes”．Although there are many interpretations of our body language，some gestures are universally.The smile is the best example.Its function is show happiness and put people at an ease.
答案：
Boby language is one of most powerful means of communication.It is used to their thoughts and opinions and to communicate each other.When with others，you are not just using words，but using facial as well as gestures.Just like words，body language varies from culture to culture.For example，in many countries， one's head means“no” nodding means“yes”．Although there are many interpretations of our body language，some gestures are .The smile is the best example.Its function is show happiness and put people at an ease.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．肢体语言是人们交流的一种重要方式。
2．不同国家、文化下的肢体语言不同。
3．我们点头表示同意，而有的民族点头却表示反对。
4．即使在同一个国家，不同地区也会有不同的肢体语言。
5．只有当我们了解了不同的肢体语言我们才可以很好地跟人们交流。
Body language is an important way of communication.However，people from different countries and cultures have different body languages and gestures.For example，when we nod at somebody，we mean we agree with him，while in some countries it means disagreement.Even if we are in the same country，different areas have different body languages and gestures.Only when we have mastered the different body languages can we communicate well with them.