2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：1.5



[话题单词]
1．achievement n． 成就
2．determination n． 决心
3．admire vt. 钦佩；欣赏
4．respect vt. 尊敬
5．sacrifice vt. 牺牲
6．ambitious adj. 有雄心的
7．attractive adj. 有魅力的
8．confident adj. 自信的
9．educated adj. 受过教育的
10．enthusiastic adj. 热情的
11．intelligent adj. 聪明的，有智力的
12．creative adj. 富创造力的
13．wise adj. 明智的，有智慧的
14．virtue n． 美德
15．perseverance n． 毅力
[话题短语]
1．dream of梦想
2．be interested in对……感兴趣
3．be strict in one’s work对工作要求严格
4．have much knowledge of精通……
5．be active in积极从事于
6．be on fire for scientific research对科学研究充满热情
7．feel pleased/satisfied/content/contented感到满意
8．feel proud/optimistic感到骄傲(乐观)
9．feel nervous/worried/sad/angry感到紧张(忧虑、伤心、生气)
10．have pity on sb./feel empathy for sb.同情某人
[话题佳句]
1．Great hopes make great men.
伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。
2．Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
3．These experiences and practice help me prepare to face challenges in the future.
这些经历和实践有助于我面对将来的挑战。
4．My hard work pays off，and I am quite proud of what I have achieved/of the progress I have made.
我的努力没有白费，我为自己所取得的进步感到骄傲。
5．Everyone has a beautiful dream but we should base it on our reality.
每个人都有美好的梦想，但我们的梦想应该从实际出发。
6．No matter what we do we are supposed to choose a proper way.
无论我们干什么，都应该选择合适的方法。
[佳作背诵]
中国药学家屠呦呦
假定你是李华，对中国传统医药很感兴趣。你获悉中国药学家屠呦呦因发现了青蒿素被授予2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。请给你的美国朋友David发一封邮件分享此消息。信件须包括以下内容：
我的心情：骄傲和激动；
我的评价：她找到了治疗疟疾的方法，数千万人从中受益；
我的志向：立志考入屠呦呦的母校北大，造福人民。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
参考词汇：药学家 pharmacologist
青蒿素 artemisinin
疟疾 malaria
2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Dear David，
I would like to share a piece of exciting news with you.
Tu Youyou, a great pharmacologist of my country, was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin. Hearing the news, I felt proud as well as excited. She pioneered a new approach to malaria treatment. Her discovery has benefited hundreds of millions of people and promises to benefit many more.
I have been interested in Chinese traditional medicine. I will study hard to be admitted to Beijing University, from which Tu Youyou graduated. I will follow her example, devoted to benefiting as many people as possible.
Yours，
Li Hua

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①escape vi. & vt.逃脱；逃走；泄露
②vote vt. & vi.投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决
③attack vt.进攻；抨击；攻击
④equal adj.相等的；平等的
⑤beg vi.请求；乞求
⑥reward n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏
⑦opinion n．意见；看法；主张
⑧sentence vt.判决；宣判
⑨willing adj.乐意的；自愿的→ willingness n．自愿，乐意
⑩active adj.积极的；活跃的→ actively adv.积极地；活跃地→ activity n．活动
⑪devote vt.献身；专心于→devoted
adj.忠实的；深受的→ devotion n．奉献；忠诚
⑫educate vt.教育；训练→ educated
adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育
⑬cruel n．残忍；残酷→cruelty adj.残忍的
2．阅读单词
①quality n．品质；质量；性质
②mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
③generous adj.慷慨的；大方的
④found vt.建立；建设
⑤terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
⑥unfair adj.不公平的；不公正的
⑦principle n．法则；原则；原理
⑧lawyer n．律师
⑨relative n．亲戚；亲属
relation n．关系；联系；亲戚；亲属
relevant adj.有关的；相应的
⑩legal adj.法律的；依照法律的
illegal adj.非法的
⑪guidance n．指导；领导
guide v．指导
⑫self n．自我；自身
selfish adj.自私的
selfless adj.无私的；忘我的
⑬violence n．暴力；暴行
violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．It does serious harm to children's character that too much violence (violent)is shown on television.
2．Encouraged by my teacher，I am very hopeful (hope)about my future.
3．Under our teacher's careful guidance (guide)，we finished our homework in advance.
4．People who are well educated will be respected by everyone，so education is of great significance to us.(educate)
5．It is unfair that he gets very little reward for his rewarding work.(reward)
6．You should take an active part in all the activities in your school.(active)
7．Everyone likes to live in peace，but it seems that the world is always not peaceful.(peace)
8．The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to his education cause.(devote)
9．All men are born equal，so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand. (equal)
10．We know from the daily legal report that the former president had something to do with the illegal organization and was put to prison.(legal)

1．表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描
①generous慷慨的
②mean吝啬的
③devoted忠实的
④easy－going随和的
⑤warm－hearted热心肠的
⑥active积极的
⑦energetic有活力的
⑧enthusiastic充满热情的
2．“真诚，诚实”家族
①sincere adj.真诚的；sincerely adv.真诚地
②genuine adj.真诚的，真心的；genuinely adv.真诚地，诚实地
③hearty adj.亲切的，真诚的，热诚的
④pure－hearted adj.真诚的
⑤honest adj.诚实的，正直的；
honesty n．诚实，正直，坦诚
3．名词后缀－ful构成的形容词荟萃
①peaceful和平的
②painful痛苦的
③harmful有害的
④powerful强大的
⑤cheerful欢乐的
⑥meaningful有意义的
⑦beautiful美丽的，美观的
⑧merciful仁慈的；宽大的
⑨harmful有害的；致伤的
⑩careful小心的，仔细的，谨慎的
4．“奖，奖赏”家族
①award vt.授予，奖给 n．奖品，奖金
②reward vt.酬谢，奖赏 n．报酬，酬金
③prize n．奖金，奖品
④bonus n．奖金，红利
5．quality联想篇
①quantity n．数量
②qualify vt.使合格
③qualification n．资格
④be of high/good quality 好品质
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词/副词/名词
①blow up使充气；爆炸
②turn to求助于；致力于
③set up设立；建立
④lose heart丧失勇气或信心
⑤come to power当权；上台
2．介词＋名词
①in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
②in prison蹲监狱
③in one’s opinion/view在某人看来
3．其他形式
①out of work失业
②as a matter of fact事实上
③be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)
④be willing to do...愿意做某事
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．He was a loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.
2．I feel that I've been given a second life to devote to something that is meaningful and enormous.
3．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
4．I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.
5．He failed in doing the experiment.But he didn't lose heart and tried a second time.
6．As a matter of fact，we can see this principle at work in people of all ages.

1．“动词＋to＋n./doing”短语荟萃
①belong to属于
②object to反对
③refer to谈到；涉及；参阅
④point to指向
⑤turn to求助于；致力于
⑥stick/hold/keep to坚持，忠于
⑦see to处理，料理
⑧come to共计，苏醒
2．“动词＋up(向上)”短语集锦
①pick up捡起
②put up举起；张贴
③send up使上升；发射
④rise up起义
⑤look up抬起头
⑥hold up举起
⑦take up拿起
⑧build up增强
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
(1)主语是时间或地点名词，谓语是see, find 等动词，表示经历或目睹了某事。
(2)where 引导定语从句修饰stage。
①杭州城自从2016年发生了巨大的变化。
The city of Hangzhou has seen great changes since 2016.
②在计划的初始阶段，我们应该保守秘密。
We should keep secret at the stage where the plan starts.
2.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装。
直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。
Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.
3.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
the first time“第一次……”，引导时间状语从句。
第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备。
The first time we lost the match， we all felt very depressed, because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
The Great President
As the founder of the republic，the president had many good qualities.Before 1.coming(come) to power，he was a generous lawyer.He was willing to 2.selflessly(self) help everyone who turned to him.He accepted no fee to offer legal guidance and opinions to those 3.who were out of work or uneducated.Later，4.Believing(believe) all mankind to be equal，he devoted himself to stopping the unfair anti－black laws.He set 5.up the Black Youth League and was voted to be 6.the leader.However，though he kept peaceful 7.principles(principle) without violence and terror，his mean enemies still blew up his house and attacked his relatives，and he himself couldn’t escape8.being sentenced(sentence) to 30 years in prison.
Not fearing of the prison guards'9.cruelty(cruel)，he kept active and begged no mercy from them.As a matter of fact，he was always hopeful and never lost heart during the stage even 10.though he was in trouble.
Finally，people rewarded him with the leader’s position and a gold blanket.


devote vt.献身于；致力于；专心致志于；把……用于
(教材原句)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.
伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。
拓展词：devoted adj.挚爱的；忠实的；忠诚的
devotion n．奉献；关照；忠诚
devote...to...把……致力于……，专心于……的
devote oneself to献身于；致力于
be devoted to致力于；献身于；热爱……
(1)He is highly thought of because of his devotion to duty.
人们给予他很高的评价是因为他对职责的忠诚。
(2)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.
除非你完全专注于你的工作，不然你永远不会获得成功。
(3)写作能力提升
He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.
①Devoting himself to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②Devoted to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的
n．同等的人；相等物
v．与……相等，等于；比得上
(教材原句)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这可以帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。
拓展词：equally adv.相等地；同样地　equality n．平等
be equal in在……方面比得上
be equal to sth./doing sth.等于……；与……相等；胜任……
be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比
(1)I believe he is equal to the occasion.
我相信他能应付这种场合。
(2)He is a player without equal.
他是个无与伦比的运动员。
(3)写作能力提升
他能胜任这项工作。
①He is equal to the job.(equal)
②He is up to the job.(up to)
③He is fit for the job.(fit)
④He is qualified to do/for doing the job.(qualified)




escape v．逃脱；逃避；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏
n．逃脱；逃避；漏出
(教材原句)It was a prison from which no one escaped.
那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。
拓展词：escaped adj.逃脱的
(1)escape from/out of...从……逃脱
escape(doing)sth.逃避(做)某事
(2)a narrow escape死里逃生
fire escape安全梯；安全出口
(1)There's gas escaping(escape)from the pipe.Can you smell it？有煤气正从管中溢出。你闻到了吗？
(2)单句语法填空
He was crossing the street when a man was driving fast towards him and he narrowly escaped being killed (kill)．
(3)写作能力提升
你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。
①You are lucky to escape punishment.
②You are lucky to escape being punished.
(4)写出下列句中黑体词的含义
I've met her before，but her name escape me.没有被……注意到；被……忘掉
reward v. 酬谢；奖励；奖赏n. 奖金；回报；报酬
(教材原句)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.
他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。
拓展词：rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的
(1)as a reward for作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.为某事而给某人报酬
in reward(for)为酬谢……；作为奖励；作为回报
(2)reward sb.with sth.for sth.为某事而用……酬谢某人
reward sb.for sth./doing sth.为……酬谢某人
(1)If you are brave to say “goodbye”，life will reward you with a new“hello”．如果你能勇敢地说“再见”，那么生命一定会回报你一个新的“开始”。
(2)用in reward/in reward for/as a reward for填空
①I don't expect anything in reward；I did it because I enjoyed it.
②As a reward for passing the exams，she got a new bike from her parents.
③His boss is anything but generous.So he gets little in reward for his hard work.




　(3)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding(reward) experience.

in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
(教材原句)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊·曼德拉。
ask/look for trouble找麻烦；自讨苦吃
take trouble to do sth.费力/不辞辛苦地做某事(在trouble前可根据语境加上a lot of/a little/great等)
make trouble闹事；捣乱
get into/out of trouble陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)
have trouble with sth./(in)doing sth.做某事有麻烦
put sb.to the trouble of doing sth.给某人添麻烦做某事
(1)We should trust our friends，respect them and always be ready to help them when they are in trouble.我们应信任并尊重我们的朋友，在他们有困难的时候帮助他们。
(2)写作能力提升
不论你什么时候学习遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。
①Please don't hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have problems with your study.(problem)
②No matter when you have trouble in studying，please don't hesitate to ask for our help.(trouble)
③Please don't hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have trouble with your study.(trouble)
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)If your awareness is as sharp as it could be，you'll have no trouble answering(answer) these questions.
turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；从事，致力于
(教材原句)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?
为什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？
turn away拒绝(某人)进入；走开；转过脸去
turn down拒绝；调小　turn in上交
turn off/on关掉/打开　turn up露面，出现；开大
turn out证明是，结果是；驱逐；把……赶走；生产
turn over翻身，翻过(一页书)；移交
(1)写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①More and more people turn to computer science.致力于；从事
②You shouldn't always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅
③Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left.转向
(2)用turn短语的适当形式填空
①She didn't turn up at the party as she had promised.
②It turned out that the job was much harder than we had thought.
③She's having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesn't know whom to turn to.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)We chatted about everything and then Ben turned( turn)to me.“I just want to say thank you，” he said.
lose heart丧失勇气或信心
(教材原句)The scientist from whom we heard the good news never lost heart when he was in trouble.这位科学家遇到困难时从不灰心，我们从其口中获得好消息。
(1)put one's heart into一心扑在……上
learn sth.by heart背诵，记牢某事
strike...into one's heart使……刻骨铭心
lose one's heart to sb.爱上某人
(2)heart and soul全心全意地
from the bottom of sb.'s heart从心底；由衷地
(1)There is an old saying like this，“Nothing is too hard if you put your heart into it.俗话说，“心之所愿，无所不成”。
(2)用heart短语的适当形式填空
①It is a good practice to learn by heart as many English texts as possible.
②He lost his heart to a pretty girl who turned out to be the daughter of his enemy.
③Tom put his heart into the wildlife research，and finally，his efforts earned him great success and fame.
④Our Party was founded in 1921，since when she has been serving the people heart and soul.

Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。
(1)单句语法填空
①Only after we'd had the car for a few days did we realize we'd been taken in by the dealer.
②Only after we've lost everything are (be)we free to do anything.
③Only by turning to her father for help did the girl settle the problem at last.
(2)写作能力提升
只有所有国家的人民团结起来，我们才能解决世界上存在的问题。
①Only if people of all the countries are united can we solve the existing problems in the world.(倒装句)
②It is only if people of all the countries are united that we'll be able to solve the existing problems in the world.(强调句)
I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。
名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：
(1)as soon as 一……就……＝
(2)
(3)有些副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，如：instantly，immediately，directly等，都相当于as soon as。
[要点释疑]
the first time表示“第一次”，在句中可作宾语、表语，还可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句。for the first time表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。
(1)I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.第一次见到她，我就知道我们会成为好朋友。
(2)He became interested in the young teacher's lesson the first time he attended his class.He was so excited in class for the first time.他第一次上课时就对这位年轻老师的课感兴趣。他第一次上课这么兴奋。
(3)写作能力提升
I fell in love with you the moment I saw you.
①I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.(用as soon as改写)
②I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.(用以-ly结尾的连词改写)
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)Next time you take a walk，no matter where it is，take in all the sights，sounds and sensations.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I'd like to thank my friend，who's been very generous(慷慨的)with his time.
2．Tsinghua University，founded(建立)in 1911，is one of the best universities in China.
3．Our company is more concerned with quality(质量) than quantity.
4．The government rewarded(奖赏)him for saving the old man in the well.
5．I regarded her as a person without principles(原则)．
6．The relatives(亲属)of the passengers on that missing plane were waiting anxiously for news.
7．I'd like to buy your house if you are willing(乐意的)to sell it.
8．The enemy planes attacked(袭击)the city，causing many deaths.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I hope，first of all，that we shall never lose our heart in face of failure.去掉our
2．She is very weak and not equal to make a long journey.make→making
3．Devoted herself to the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.Devoted→Devoting
4．The children were so excited to be taken aboard the first time.the前加for
5．She started singing to the baby and was rewarded to a smile.第二个to→with
6．The time he has devoted in the past ten years to help the disabled is now considered to be of great value.help→helping
7．This was a time which there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets.which→when
8．It shocked her to hear that her good friend attacked with cancer.attacked前加was
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
Elias, a poor black worker in South Africa，said that the time 1.when he first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of his life. In 1952, he went to see Mandela, 2.a black lawyer, for advice. Mandela was generous with his time, for which Elias was very grateful.
Elias began school at six, but he had to leave school two years later 3.because his family couldn’t afford the school fees and the bus fare. As a result, he had very little 4.education (educate). After trying hard, he got a job in a gold mine. 5.However， to live in Johannesburg, one had got to have a passbook. Not having one because he was not born there, he worried about 6.whether he would become out of work.
Then Mandela helped him, telling him how to get the correct papers 7.to stay (stay) in Johannesburg. He became more hopeful about his future and later joined the ANC Youth League 8.organized (organize) by Mandela. Just as Mandela put it, the blacks were so 9.badly (bad) treated that they had reached a stage where they had almost no rights at all.
In 1963, he helped Mandela blow up some government buildings. He knew that only 10.by answering violence with violence could they achieve their dream of making black and white people equal.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
THE REST OF ELIAS’ STORY
You cannot imagine what the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was a prison from where no one escaped. There I spent the hardest time of my life. But when I get there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr. Mandela began a school for those of us who had few learning. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening when we should have been asleep. We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find make candles to see the words.I became a good student. I wanted to study for my degree and I was not allowed to do that. Later，Mr. Mandela allowed the prison guards to join in us. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. They were not clever than me, but they did pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too. That made me feel good about me.
答案：
THE REST OF ELIAS’ STORY
You cannot imagine the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was a prison from no one escaped. There I spent the hardest time of my life. But when I there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr. Mandela began a school for those of us who had learning. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the when we should have been asleep. We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find make candles to see the words.I became a good student. I wanted to study for my degree I was not allowed to do that. Later，Mr. Mandela allowed the prison guards to join in us. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. They were not than me, but they did pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too. That made me feel good about .
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．我们都知道不同肤色的人是平等的。纳尔逊·曼德拉毕生都在致力于实现这个梦想。
2．1952年，他开了一家律师事务所为贫穷的黑人提供法律指导，黑人们对此都非常感激。
3．1962年，曼德拉鼓励人们使用暴力来反抗反黑人法来获得自己的权利，因此被判处五年的劳役。
4．一年之后，他领导这些黑人去炸当地的政府以实现他们黑人与白人平等的梦想，而他再次被判处监禁在罗本岛上，直到1990年。
As we all know，people with different colors should be equal.So Nelson Mandela devoted all his life to realizing this dream.In 1952，he set up a law office to offer guidance to poor black people on their legal problems，for which they were very grateful.In 1962，Mandela encouraged people to use violence against anti-black laws to get their rights，as a result，he was sentenced to 5 years' hard labor.One year later，he led them to blow up the government buildings to realize their dream of making black and white people equal，so that he was again sentenced to prison for life on Robben Island until 1990.