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[学生用书P148]
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．severe adj. 严重的；严厉的，严格的；艰巨的
2．temporary adj. 短暂的；暂时的
3．procedure n. 步骤，程序
4．allocate vt. 分配
5．goodwill n. 友好；善意
6．vivid adj. 清晰的，生动的，鲜明的
7．motivation n. 动力，动机
8．mature adj. 成熟的
vi. 成熟；使充分发展
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．junior adj. 青少年的；地位(或职
位、级别)低下的
2．accomplish vt. 完成，实现
3．thankful adj. 感激的，感谢的
4．accompany vt. 陪伴，陪同；伴随；
为……伴奏
5．obey vt.& vi. 服从，听从，顺从
6．outstanding adj. 优秀的，杰出的，出色的
7．adequate adj. 足够的；合乎需要的
8．part－time adj.& adv. 部分时间的(地)；
兼职的(地)
9．advocate vt. 拥护；支持；提倡
10．quit vt.& vi. 停止；放弃；离开
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．assist vt.帮助，协助→assistant n．助理，助手→assistance n．帮助，援助
2．surround vt.围绕，环绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境，周围的事物
3．suffering n．疼痛，痛苦；折磨→suffer vi.& vt.遭受；忍受
4．appreciation n．感激，感谢；欣赏；理解；(艺术方面的)鉴定，评估→appreciate vt.欣赏；感激
5．adapt vi.& vt.(使)适应；改编→adaptation n．适应；改编；改编本；改写本
6．admirable adj.令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得赞美的→admire vt.钦佩；赞赏；仰慕→admiration n．钦佩；赞赏；羡慕
7．unbearable adj.无法忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受的→bear vt.承受；忍受；承担
8．directly adv.径直地；直接地 conj.一……就……→direct adj.直的；直接的；直率的 v．导演，指示；指挥→direction n．方向，方位；(常用复数)用法说明
9．entertainment n．娱乐活动；娱乐；招待，款待→entertain vt.使快乐；招待，款待→entertaining adj.有趣的，使人愉快的
10．predict vt.预言，预告，预报→prediction n．预言，预测，预告→predictor n．预言者
11．instant adj.即食的，方便的；立刻的 n．瞬间，片刻→instantly adv.立刻，立即，马上 conj.一……就……
1.“支持，拥护”速记
①advocate ②support
③sustain ④in favour of
⑤back up ⑥be for
2.不要轻易“停止，放弃”
①quit ②stop
③abandon ④pause
⑤desert ⑥give up
3.“优秀”人才描绘词
①outstanding 优秀的 ②talented 有才能的
③capable 有能力的 ④excellent 优秀的
⑤gifted 有天赋的 ⑥intelligent 聪明的
⑦brilliant 卓越的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．apart_from 远离，和……不在一起；除了
2．in_good_spirits 心情好
3．go_after 追求；谋求；追赶
4．on_one’s_own 独自，单独；独立地
5．head_for 朝……方向(地方)
行进，前往
6．at_that_point 在那时；在那个阶段
7．in_a_rush 匆忙地，急切地
8．adapt_(oneself)_to 适应
9．be_accompanied_by 伴随有；附有，带着
10．to_one’s_relief 令某人欣慰的是
11．cheer_up 高兴起来，振作起来
12．feel_caught_between 在……之间感到左右为难
13．ahead_of 在……前面；早于
14．for_example 例如
15．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于；
聚焦于
16．assist_sb.with_sth. 帮助某人做某事
17．be_full_of 充满
18．believe_in 信任，相信
1.“in＋a＋n.”短语荟萃
①in a rush/hurry匆忙地
②in a word 总之，一句话
③in a sense 在某种意义上
④in a mess 一团糟
⑤in a way 在某种程度上
⑥in a dilemma 处于两难的境地
⑦in a nutshell 一言以蔽之
2.“to one’s＋n.”高频短语
①to one’s surprise/shock 使某人惊奇的是
②to one’s joy/delight 使某人高兴的是
③to one’s shame 使某人丢脸的是
④to one’s disappointment 使某人失望的是
⑤to one’s amusement 使某人愉快的是
⑥to one’s relief 使某人欣慰的是
3.cheer短语训练营
①cheer up 高兴起来，振作起来
②cheer for sb. 为某人喝彩叫好，
为某人鼓劲加油
③cheer sb.on 向某人欢呼，为某
人鼓劲加油
4．“提前”短语小结
①ahead of time ②in advance
③ahead of schedule ④ahead of timetable
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：by the time意为“到……时为止”，常与完成时态连用
By_the_time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games, she had_been a junior gymnast for eleven years.
到参加纽约运动会的体操锦标赛时，桑兰已经是一名有着11年经历的体操小将了。
句型2：It feels like...意为“似乎，感觉好像……”
It_feels_like allocating adequate time for each is just not practical.
要给每件事分配足够的时间，似乎是不切实际的。
句型3：省略to的不定式作表语
All I had to do was go to school and spend a few hours studying when I came home.
我要做的事情就是上学，以及回家后再学习几个小时。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．Of the outstanding(杰出的) ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
2．The man quarreled with his boss about the pay and quitted(放弃) the job.
3．As I travelled further to the west, going after the storm, the damage along the way became less severe(严重的)．
4．To accomplish(完成) his research paper, Professor Reagan experienced various hardships and loneliness for nearly half a year.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow(悲伤), life and death, and everything else in between.
6．Do you know the brave people assisting(assist) the police in looking into the murder case?
7．(2018·浙江卷6月)What’s more, I have accumulated related experience by working parttime in a travel agency, accompanying(accompany) some foreign tourists.
8．We saw him heading(head) for us, so we stepped aside.
9．Although Tony is an orphan, he is always in good spirits (spirit)．
10．What impressed me in Greece was that the oceans surrounding(surround) the islands were deep blue.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．As an assistant,_he assisted the professor with the experiment.And his assistance made the experiment easier to do.(assist)
2．The children in the mountain village have no entertainment,_so their teachers often tell entertaining stories to entertain them after class.(entertain)
3．When he woke up, he found himself surrounded by a group of nurses and doctors, and the surroundings were not pleasant.(surround)
4．The film is adapted from his story.It mainly tells us his quick adaptation to the new environment, and in fact, at first he thought he couldn’t adapt himself to the changed environment.(adapt)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
in a rush; head for; go after; apart from; adapt to; in good spirits; at that point
Our village with a beautiful river around it was once a golden one. 1.At_that_point,_every villager enjoyed a peaceful and happy life. But now the villagers are not 2.in_good_spirits and don’t 3.adapt_to the life there because the village is surrounded
by a polluted river, 4.apart_from which there are some factories that produce alcohol.The farmland is destroyed.The pollution is so unbearable that most young people are 5.going_after jobs in cities. Even some middleaged women are 6.heading_for cities 7.in_a_rush. We would be greatly thankful if someone could rebuild our village.
cheer up; focus on; ahead of; be full of; assist...with...
Tom is a clever boy and 8.ahead_of other students in study. His heart 9.is_full_of love and kindness and he is ready to 10.assist his classmates with their studies.Moreover, he often 11.cheers_up students who are in low spirits and encourages them to 12.focus_on their studies. Because of these, he is well received by all his classmates.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．到上学期结束时，我几乎已经学完了所有的大学课程。
By_the_time last term ended, I had_almost_finished all my college courses.
2．这个面试只用了十分钟，但感觉像好几个小时似的。
The interview only took ten minutes, but it_felt_like_several_hours．
3．不要担心，你现在需要做的是好好睡上一觉，并记得常喝水。
Don’t worry. What you need to do is have_a_good_sleep_and_remember_to_drink_water_constantly．
[学生用书P150]
surround vt.围绕；环绕
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷) Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded(surround) by his family.
②a.(2018·天津卷) Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings(surround) during the journey?
b．Standing on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the surrounding(surround) hills.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)The tall building in the distance is home to my father’s company. The tall building is surrounded by a great many big trees.
(高级表达)The tall building which_is_surrounded_by_a_great_many_big_trees_in_the_distance is home to my father’s company.(定语从句)
(1)surround sb./sth.with/by...
使某人/某物被……包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 环境
[佳句背诵] Seeing from the hill in the distance, you will find the city of Pingyao is still surrounded by the old city walls.
从远处的山上看， 你会发现平遥市仍被古城墙围绕着。
[名师点津]
surroundings专指自然环境；environment可指自然环境也可指精神环境，常用单数形式。
adapt v．(使)适应；改编
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.The movie that had been adapted for children was adapted from a novel.
b．(江西卷)To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourselves to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.
②a.I hold the firm belief that she will deal with the changes very well, because she is very adaptable(adapt)．
b．Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation(adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)The culture made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adapt_to(使得他很难适应) the new environment abroad.
④(高级表达)It_was_the_culture_that_made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adapt_to_the_new_environment_abroad.(强调句)
(1)adapt to 适应
adapt oneself to(＝adjust oneself to)
使自己适应……
(1)adapt to 适应
adapt oneself to(＝adjust oneself to)
使自己适应……
(2)adapt...from... 根据……改编……
adapt...for... 改编……为……用
(3)adaptable adj. 有适应能力的；可修改的
adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本
[名师点津] 比较adapt和adopt
apt适当的→adapt[根义](使)适合→[多义]①使适应②改编，改写
opt选择→adopt[根义]选取→[多义]①采用②收养，领养
advocate vt.拥护；支持；提倡
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Many experts advocate rewarding(reward) your child for good behaviour.
②Animal activists advocate that the government (should)_set(set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.
[能力提升]——一句多译
人们提倡每个人应该过一种低碳生活。
③People advocate that everyone_(should)_live a low－carbon life.
④It_is_advocated_that everyone (should) live a low－carbon life.,advocate (doing) sth. 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事
主张……[从句谓语动词用
(should＋)动词原形]
[佳句背诵] Today’s world situation is complex and changeable.We advocate a peaceful settlement of international disputes. 当今世界形势复杂多变，我们主张用和平的方式解决国际争端。
accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He accompanied his old father to the hospital to see what’s wrong with his stomach.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied(accompany) by the touching words.
③While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her on the piano.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④因为在节日时无人陪伴，这位老太太感到孤独。
With_nobody_accompanying_her_during_the_festival,_the old lady felt lonely.(with复合结构)
⑤起程的日子就要到了，我告诉妻子我不能陪他们了。
As the day set for departure drew near, I told my wife that I_couldn’t_accompany_them．
(1)accompany sb.＝keep sb. company
陪伴某人
accompany sb. to someplace 陪伴某人到某地
accompany sb. on＋乐器 用某种乐器为
某人伴奏
(2)companion n. 同伴；伙伴
[佳句背诵] We did a lot for the elderly at the nursing home, cleaning their rooms，washing clothes for them and accompanying them, which made them very happy.
在敬老院我们为老人做了许多事情，打扫房间、洗衣服、陪伴他们，这使他们非常高兴。(全国卷Ⅱ)
quit vt.& vi.停止；放弃；离开；辞去(工作)；辍学
[能力提升]——一句多译
我的叔叔还不能戒烟，但是至少他少抽了一些。
①My uncle hasn’t been able to quit_smoking,_but at least he has cut down.
②My uncle hasn’t been able to give_up_smoking,_but at least he has cut down.
③My uncle hasn’t been able to stop_smoking,_but at least he has cut down.
④My uncle hasn’t been able to get_rid_of_smoking,_but at least he has cut down.
quit (doing) sth. 停止(做)某事
quit office/school/one’s job 离职/退学/辞掉工作
[佳句背诵] However, he planned to leave this city and quit his job.
然而，他计划离开这个城市并辞掉工作。
[名师点津] 表示“停止做某事”的表达有：
(1)quit doing sth.； (2)stop doing sth.；
(3)give up doing sth.; (4)get rid of doing sth.
entertainment n．娱乐活动；娱乐；招待，款待
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Pets are amusing and entertaining(entertain), but we are in a way doing animals harm.
②To her great entertainment,_he told many entertaining stories that night.(entertain)
③She entertained the children with songs, stories and dramas.
④Bob and Lisa entertained us to dinner last night, during which Bob told us many jokes for entertainment(entertain), making it an entertaining(entertain) night.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤他给我们说笑话、讲故事，让我们高兴了好几个小时。
He entertained_us for hours with_his_jokes_and_stories．
(1)to one’s entertainment 使某人高兴的是
(2)entertain vt. 使娱乐，使快乐；招待
entertain sb.to sth. 用某物招待某人
entertain sb.with sth. 用某物使某人快乐
(3)entertaining adj. 有趣的；令人愉快的
[佳句背诵] I suggest that you should keep the balance between your study and entertainment, such as doing sports, listening to music and so on.
我建议你们保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡，例如做运动、听音乐等。(江西卷)
assist vt.帮助；协助；援助
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The guide managed to assist the tourists to_find(find) somewhere to live during the Russia World Cup.
②With the assistance(assist) of his teacher, he gradually adjusted to the school life.
③(全国卷Ⅱ)His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant(assist) in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④为了帮助学生学好汉语，我们学校决定给你们中文班捐赠一批图书。
To_assist_the_students_to_learn/in_learning_Chinese_better,_our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
(1)assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助某人某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n． 帮助；协助
come to one’s assistance 援助某人
with the assistance/help of 在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助手，助理；售货员
[佳句背诵] Local villagers were assisting the doctors with the people wounded in the bus crash. 当地村民正在帮助医生照料在公共汽车事故中受伤的人们。
instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He made an instant decision to risk his own life to save the drowning child.
②In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
[能力提升]——一句多译
让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。
③Much to my surprise, she burst into tears the_instant/instantly she read the letter.
④Much to my surprise, on/upon_reading_the_letter,_she burst out crying.
⑤To my great surprise, she burst into tears the_moment_she_read_the_letter．
(1)in an instant＝instantly 立刻；马上
for an instant 一瞬间；顷刻
(2)一……就……
[佳句背诵] Please send me an email the instant/instantly you reach Yunnan.
请你一到云南就给我发电子邮件。
[名师点津] 表示“一……就……”的结构有the minute...; the moment...; as soon as...；immediately...; directly...; hardly...when...; no sooner...than...；on/upon...等。
apart from 除……之外；除了……之外(还有)……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·天津卷)Apart from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in.
②The two brothers are so much alike that their mother can hardly tell them apart．
[能力提升]——完成句子
③罗德喜欢拆钟表，然而他从来不能把它们再组装起来。
Rod loves taking_apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.
④除了煤，最重要的天然燃料是天然气和石油。
Apart_from/Besides/In_addition_to_coal,_the most important natural fuel are gas and oil.
tell...apart 区分，分辨
take(...)apart 将……拆卸开
[佳句背诵] Apart from English classes, I took an active part in English corner and other afterclass English activities, which benefited me a lot.
除了上英语课，我还积极参加英语角和其他课外英语活动，这些使我受益很多。
[名师点津] apart from表示“除……之外”时，相当于except, except for, but；表示“除了……之外(还有)……”时，相当于besides, in addition to。
in good spirits 心情好，兴高采烈
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I am out of spirits and don’t want to speak to anyone.
②Finding her in low spirits, they had persuaded her to join them for lunch.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(江西卷)上午8时，我们在大青山脚下集合，兴高采烈地动身向山顶出发了。
At 8 a．m., we gathered at the foot of Daqing Mountain and set_out_for_the_top_in_high_spirits_/in_good_spirits．
(1)in high spirits 兴高采烈，情绪高涨
in low/bad spirits 沮丧，情绪低落
out of spirits 无精打采
(2)lift one’s spirits 振奋某人的精神
keep up one’s spirits 使某人打起精神来
[佳句背诵] Setting off very early, we went along an extremely narrow road, all in good spirits.
我们很早就出发了，沿着一条极窄的小路行进，个个都兴高采烈的。
go after 追求，追赶；谋求
[基础练习]——用go 的相关短语填空
①If you go_against nature, it will punish you.
②(四川卷)To get a better grade, you should go_over the notes again before the test.
③I went_on_with my work until I finished washing all the clothes.
④The first thing to do is decide what kind of work you’d like, and then go_after it.
⑤With time going_by,_I gradually realize the importance of health.,go against 反对；违反
go ahead 开始；继续；进行；干吧
go by (时间)过去
go in for 从事；爱好
go over 检查；复习
go through 检查；用完；经历
go on with 继续
省略to的不定式作表语
(教材P30)All I had to do was go to school and spend a few hours studying when I came home.
我要做的事情就是上学，以及回家后再学习几个小时。
[能力提升]——句型转换
①Now you needn’t do anything but fill in the form.
→All you have to do now is_(to)_fill_in_the_form．
②I have no choice but to accept the fact that she has lied to me.
→The only thing I_can_do_is_(to)_accept the fact that she has lied to me.
当不定式在系动词后作表语时，如果主语部分带有实义动词do(包括do的任何形式)，可以省去不定式符号to；否则，保留不定式符号to。
[佳句背诵] —Do you know how to play go?
——你知道怎么下围棋吗？
—It’s easy.All you have to do is (to) use your pieces to surround the opponent’s pieces and then take over all of his territory. ——很简单。你所要做的就是用自己的子去围对方的子，然后占领他所有的地盘。
[学生用书P154]
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．The examinations are around the corner.Some fans in our class are persuaded to quit playing(play) football to focus on their studies.
2．Having been warned of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend accompanying (accompany) her.
3．Lost in the mountains for three days, what the three men were able to do was (to)_expect(expect) the help of helicopter.
4．—I heard you worked very late yesterday.
—Yes, it had been completely dark by the time I left(leave) the office.
5．The play is an adaptation(adapt) of some chapters of the book.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．All of us burst into laughter the instant we saw Mr. Bean’s funny appearance.
2．I would greatly appreciate it if you would send me the application forms as soon as possible.
3．Being a winner doesn’t mean you’ll always get everything you want, but it does mean you’ll go after your goals in ways that are reliable.
4．At that point, they started to feel more comfortable and confident.
5．After being admitted to university, you’ll have to arrange most of life on your own.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2017·江苏卷)The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment.娱乐
2．On seeing that the famous actress came onto the stage with her boyfriend accompanying her, all the fans burst out screaming.
陪伴
3．Surrounded by the sea on three sides，modern Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China.围绕
4．As far as I’m concerned, it is not wise to quit your job and stay at home to be a housewife.放弃
5．In the questionnaire, the subjects are questioned whether they advocate banning cars in the city center.支持
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．You’re heading to disaster if you go on with her.to→for
2．Apart to some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.to→from
3．She offered to assist them the marketing of the product.在them后加with
4．The freshman has not yet adapted him to the life here.him→himself
5．He remains in good spirit, and everyone in our class wishes him a very speedy recovery.spirit→spirits
6．I had to go to the cinema on own because all the other boys were busy.在own前加my
7．The girl burst into tears instant the headmaster announced that she was the winner.instant→instantly或在instant前加the
8．She showed a talent in acting at an early age.in→for
维度五 完成句子
1．We were in such_an_anxious_rush (如此焦急匆忙) when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
2．It_is_predicted_that (据预测) there will be five scientific breakthroughs in the future.
3．Much to my regret, I was unable to keep my promise to_accompany_you_to_Shanghai(陪你到上海去)．
4．Tickets are limited and will be_allocated_to (分配给) those who apply first.
5．(山东卷)Therefore, it goes without saying that it is this motto that brings_me_motivation(带给我动力) and encouragement.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Nowadays, more and more young people will go abroad to go after better education. It can 1.be_predicted(predict) that they will suffer from culture shock. Here I want to tell those who will go abroad for further study should make full preparations. On one hand, they should be ready to live on 2.their(they) own, no parents 3.accompanying(accompany) them. Therefore, they should adapt themselves quickly 4.to the new environment. On the other hand, apart from 5.the new environment, once they set foot on the new land, they 6.will_be_surrounded(surround) by strangers, which is a great challenge. In my opinion, I think 7.what they should do is turn to their teachers or classmates for help, who I think will assist them in 8.solving(solve) the problems.
If you are one of them, you should face those challenges in good 9.spirits(spirit) and do not quit 10.trying(try)．
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①幸福一直是许多人所期盼的。
Happiness has always been what many people long_for．
②很多人认为幸福意味着追名逐利。
Many think that happiness means going_after fame and wealth.
③但对我来说，幸福意味着与家人和朋友在一起。
But for me, happiness means being_surrounded_by family and friends.
④当有人情绪低落时，我会尽力让他振作起来。
When someone is in_low_spirits,_I will try to cheer him up.
⑤当朋友遇到麻烦时，我将立即帮助他摆脱困境。
When my friend is in trouble, I would like to assist_him_to_get_out_of_trouble_in_an_instant．
2．升级平淡句
⑥用并列连词合并①②
Happiness_has_always_been_what_many_people_long_for,_and_many_think_that_happiness_means_going_after_fame_and_wealth.
3．衔接成美文
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One possible version：
Happiness has always been what many people long for, and many think that happiness means going after fame and wealth.But for me, happiness means being surrounded by family and friends.When someone is in low spirits, I will try to cheer him up.When my friend is in trouble, I would like to assist him to get out of trouble in an instant.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
[学生用书P363(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·淮南部分学校摸底)I was selfish as a teenager. I usually spent my time thinking about myself and taking care of my own needs. I let my older brother do most of the work around the house until he left for college. I let my mom and dad worry about our bills and problems while I read books, played, and lost myself in my own imagination. This didn’t change even when I went to college either. I studied hard but only to make my own life better. Even when I started to explore my faith, it was only to increase my own happiness.
I married after graduation and decided to start a family. Of course, I had no idea what hard knocks reality had in store for my selfish soul. Soon I found myself unemployed, deeply in debt, and with a new baby on the way. I found out that life has little sympathy for spoiled people. In fact, all of the struggles I was going through were beating the selfishness slowly out of me.
Still, I didn’t give up on happiness, I knew that there must be a way to find it. I finally realized, however, that it had to include more than just my own needs, wants, and desires. The answer began to make itself clear one night shortly after my baby boy was born. I got a bottle and held him in my arms. As I was feeding him I looked down and saw his big, innocent, trusting eyes. I smiled and talked to him. Then he smiled and I could feel my heart growing, expanding with love. I felt such peace and joy. At that moment I had a hint of the truth: It is by growing our hearts with love that we find our happiness.
Carolyn Arends wrote：“The more people you let into your heart, the bigger your heart gets. The more love you get, the more love you have to give. It just keeps growing.” So, keep loving, keep living and keep caring. Keep growing your heart today, tomorrow, and always.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述作者由一个自私的人成长为一个心中对他人有爱的人，也明白了“爱他人即幸福”的道理的经历。
1．What do we know about the author form the first paragraph?
A．He often helped his brother with housework.
B．He studied hard for his family.
C．He put his own needs above others’．
D．He was concerned about his family.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“let my older brother do most of the work” “let my mom and dad worry about our bills and problems” “This didn’t change even when I went to college either” “I studied hard but only to make my own life better.”和“it was only to increase my own happiness” 的描述可推知，作者在青少年时期较为自私，行为处事总是只考虑自己，几乎不为家人考虑，即他把自己的需要放在别人的需要之上。故选C项。
2．What did the author realize after he suffered in life?
A．Spoiled people can’t survive the hardship of life.
B．Life is cruel to spoiled people.
C．Spoiled people are never happy in life.
D．Selfishness is helpful.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Soon I found myself unemployed, deeply in debt, and with a new baby on the way. I found out that life has little sympathy for spoiled people.”可知，作者在经历了人生的失意后，终于发现生活对被宠坏的人是残酷的。
3．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The author loved kids.
B．The author often fed his baby.
C．The author realized the importance of happiness.
D．When caring for his baby, the author got inspired.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As I was feeding him I looked down and saw his big, innocent, trusting eyes. I smiled and talked to him. Then he smiled and I could feel my heart growing, expanding with love. I felt such peace and joy. At that moment I had a hint of the truth: It is by growing our hearts with love that we find our happiness.”可推知，作者在照料孩子的过程中领悟到了通往幸福的途径。
4．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Loving Others, a Way to Happiness
B．The Elder One Grows, the More He Gets
C．Help Others, Help Oneself
D．Keep Growing to Live a Happy Life
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“‘The more people you let into your heart, the bigger your heart gets. The more love you get, the more love you have to give. It just keeps growing.’ So, keep loving, keep living and keep caring. Keep growing your heart today, tomorrow, and always.”的描述可推知，这篇文章的主旨是“爱他人即幸福”。
B
(2020·福州质量抽测)A walk through the galleries of Quebec’s Montreal Museum of Fine Arts(MMFA) places individuals facetoface with some 43，000 artworks ranging from Chinese ceramics to Inuit sculpture.
While the visiting is an incredible cultural experience, a group of local physicians will soon be able to prescribe(开处方) museum visits as treatment for some illnesses.
“We know that art contributes to neural(神经的) activity，” said MMFA director Nathalie Bondil. “What we see is that being in contact with art can really help your wellbeing.”
Hélène Boyer, vice president of a Montrealbased medical association, explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter(神经递质) known as the “happy chemical” which helps to lift the mood.
According to Boyer, the small increase in hormones associated with enjoying an afternoon of art is similar to that offered by exercise, making museum visits prescriptions ideal for the elderly experiencing pain that prevents them from regularly joining in physical activity.
The museum visits are designed to improve traditional methods. As Bondil notes, spending time in a peaceful environment can provide a welcome distraction. “What is most important is this experience can help them escape from their own pain，” she says. “When you enter the museum, you escape from the speed of our daily life.”
“I am convinced that in the 21st century, culture will be what physical activity was for health in the 20th century，” said Bondil. “Some people would do well to recall that just in the 19th century, sports were believed to do harm to the body. Just as doctors now prescribe exercise, they will be able to prescribe a visit to the MMFA.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。参观博物馆不仅能让人们受到艺术的熏陶，还能舒缓心情、治疗疾病。
5．What does Hélène Boyer think of museum visits?
A．They can cheer people up.
B．They can reduce physical activity.
C．They can slow down our life pace.
D．They can increase levels of art appreciation.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Hélène Boyer, vice president of a Montrealbased medical association, explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter(神经递质) known as the ‘happy chemical’ which helps to lift the mood.”可知，一个总部设在蒙特利尔的医学协会的副主席Hélène Boyer解释说，参观博物馆被证明可以提高血清素水平，血清素是一种被称为“快乐化学物质”的神经递质，它有助于振奋情绪。据此可知，Hélène Boyer认为参观博物馆可以帮助人们振作起来，故A项正确。
6．How do museum visits affect people?
A．Stop them concentrating on pain.
B．Stop them focusing on traditional methods.
C．Encourage them not to be absentminded.
D．Encourage them to slow their steps while walking.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“What is most important is this experience can help them escape from their own pain”可知，参观博物馆可以让人们逃避痛苦，故A项正确。
7．What does the last paragraph suggest?
A．Physical activity was popular in the 19th century.
B．Sports are considered to be harmful to the body.
C．Ideas of treating illnesses are changing over time.
D．Doctors prescribe museum visits regularly now.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据尾段最后两句“Some people would do well to recall that just in the 19th century, sports were believed to do harm to the body. Just as doctors now prescribe exercise, they will be able to prescribe a visit to the MMFA.”可知，在19世纪，体育运动被认为对身体有害。现在，就像医生给病人开运动处方一样，他们将能给病人开去蒙特利尔美术博物馆参观的处方。据此可推知，治疗疾病的方法随着时间的变化而改变，故C项正确。
8．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Museum visits are ideal for the elderly.
B．The happy chemical helps to lift the mood.
C．Peaceful environment helps escape pain.
D．Cultural activities will promote health.
D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段通过描述参观蒙特利尔美术博物馆引入本文话题，接着介绍当地医生将给病人开参观博物馆的处方来治疗一些疾病，艺术欣赏对人的健康的积极作用，也就是说文化活动可以促进健康，故D项正确。
完形填空
(2020·兰州高三诊断)When I was a kid, my parents sent me to a summer camp in New Hampshire. At the camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports and archery(射箭), but for me, the most memorable __1__ was an overnight trip of mountain climbing. If you’ve ever __2__ a mountain, you know it’s a physical challenge, __3__when you’re carrying your food and shelter on your back. When campers got __4__， they certainly started complaining.
“How much farther is it？”
“I can’t go any further.”
“My __5__ is too heavy. Can you carry it for me？”
The reply of the __6__was, “Suck it up.(别抱怨)”. The truth is that the complaining campers were __7__ near the point of __8__. If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the __9__ and given them care. The kids simply weren’t used to the physical challenge. Once they realized they weren’t getting any sympathy, they __10__ the discomfort, and in most cases __11__ having a great time. In my camp days, I don’t __12__ a single camper complaining at the __13__ of the mountain.
There are two ways to deal with an __14__ situation. You can complain, or you can make the best of it. If you complain, you might feel like you’re getting that __15__ energy out, but you’re probably not going to cause a positive change. It’s much more likely that your complaining will cause the __16__ of those around you. No one likes a complainer. They’re __17__ and they hurt the group. Complaining makes life __18__ for everyone. Instead, if you determine to master your own __19__， to move past it and focus on a __20__， it’s my experience that you’ll realize it wasn’t bad in the first place.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”小时候参加了一个夏令营，和其他人一起参加夜晚登山露营活动。登山过程中，有人会抱怨走不动了；但是后来“我”发现，如果我们停止抱怨，坚持下去，我们的道路并没有那么难走。
1．A.experience B．behaviour
C．occasion D．situation
A 解析：根据该句中的“an overnight trip of mountain climbing”可知，此处表示这是最难以忘怀的一次经历。
2．A.seen B．reached
C．climbed D．described
C 解析：根据上文中的“mountain climbing”可知，此处表示“爬山”。
3．A.especially B．normally
C．obviously D．naturally
A 解析：根据语境可知，爬山是一种身体上的挑战，尤其是当你背着食物和露营装备的时候。
4．A.ashamed B．tired
C．puzzled D．shocked
B 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，当露营者累了的时候，他们开始抱怨。A项意为“羞愧”；B项意为“累的”；C项意为“困惑的”；D项意为“震惊的”。
5．A.food B．water
C．shelter D．backpack
D 解析：根据上文中的“when you’re carrying your food and shelter on your back”可知，此处表示有人抱怨自己的背包太重。
6．A.parents B．teachers
C．guides D．partners
B 解析：根据下文中的“the teachers would have noticed...care”可知，此处表示“老师们的回答”。
7．A.somewhere B．anywhere
C．nowhere D．everywhere
C 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，事实是，抱怨的露营者远没有(nowhere)筋疲力尽(exhaustion)。
8．A.camp B．exhaustion
C．mountain D．destination
B 解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.signs B．activities
C．gestures D．scenes
A 解析：根据语境可知，如果有人筋疲力尽的话，老师们会注意到这种迹象，并且给予他们照顾。A项意为“迹象”；B项意为“活动”；C项意为“姿态”；D项意为“场面”。
10．A.shared B．understood
C．suffered D．overcame
D 解析：根据语境可知，抱怨的人一旦意识到他们得不到同情，他们会克服不适，并且大多数情况下，最终玩得很开心。
11．A.couldn’t help B．ended up
C．insisted on D．gave up
B 解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“忍不住做某事”；B项意为“到头来”；C项意为“坚持”；D项意为“放弃”。
12．A.recall B．forget
C．disturb D．forgive
A 解析：根据上文中的“the most memorable”并结合语境可推知，“我”不记得(recall)在山顶(top)有人抱怨过。
13．A.foot B．top
C．back D．base
B 解析：参见上题解析。
14．A.unbelievable B．unexpected
C．unusual D．unpleasant
D 解析：根据下文中的“complain” “make the best of it”可知，有两种方式来应对不愉快的境况。A项意为“难以置信的”；B项意为“出乎意料”；C项意为“不寻常的”；D项意为“令人不快的”。
15．A.great B．spare
C．negative D．potential
C 解析：根据语境可推知，如果你抱怨了，你也许会感到你正在将那些负面的能量释放出来，但是你很可能不会产生正面的改变。故选C。
16．A.dislike B．respect
C．sympathy D．enthusiasm
A 解析：根据下文中的“No one likes a complainer.”可推知，抱怨会引起周围的人(对你)的讨厌。A项意为“不喜欢”；B项意为“尊敬”；C项意为“同情”；D项意为“热情”。
17．A.amazing B．shocking
C．worrying D．annoying
D 解析：根据该句中的“they hurt the group”可知，抱怨的人让人讨厌。A项意为“惊人的”；B项意为“令人震惊的”；C项意为“令人担忧的”；D项意为“讨厌的”。
18．A.poorer B．harder
C．easier D．better
B 解析：根据语境并结合常识可推知，抱怨让每个人的生活更加艰难。故选B。
19．A.life B．mind
C．suffering D．mistake
C 解析：根据语境可知，相反，据“我”的经验看，如果你决心去掌控你的痛苦(suffering)，越过它并集中注意力于解决方法(solution)，那么一开始你就会意识到它并不是那么糟糕。
20．A.trip B．plan
C．solution D．dream
C 解析：参见上题解析。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
[学生用书P365(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·六安高三模拟)
Rich as a King
WilliamⅠ， who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet(抽水马桶), paper towels, or a riding lawn mower(割草机). How did he get_by?
History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldn’t buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.
Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you’d think I’d be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbors, school classmates, and famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howard’s new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.
There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. You’d think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.
Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by today’s standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms that my wife and I can keep clean.
Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers’ fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I can’t keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.
【解题导语】 本文主要通过同富有的古人对比启迪读者：生活没有必要攀比，要知足常乐。
1．What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Succeed as a king.
B．Deal with complaints.
C．Live in a satisfactory way.
D．Get some extra money.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you’d think I’d be content.”，并结合对第一段第二句的理解：没有现代这些便利的生活设备，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得称心如意呢？由此可推知，画线短语表示“以一种令人满意的方式生活”，故选C。
2．How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present?
A．3. B．4.
C．5. D．6.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据对第一段和第二段的理解可知，古今生活对比中作者列举了四个历史人物，他们分别是：William Ⅰ， Croesus, Alexander the Great和Czar Nicholas。
3．According to the passage, the author intends to ________．
A．tell us to be content with life
B．warn us to live in a simple way
C．teach us to learn lessons from life
D．encourage us to struggle for wealth
A 解析：写作意图题。根据文章的标题Rich as a King，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，作者通过古今生活对比，告诉我们要知足常乐。
4．What’s the author’s attitude towards life?
A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic.
C．Uncaring. D．Cautious.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后两段，尤其是最后一段最后两句“I can’t keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.”可推知，作者对生活持乐观的态度。
B
(2020·昆明诊断)Who’re happier, men or women? Research shows it’s a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn’t really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.
Women’s happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender(性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.
Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.
Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons(镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people’s view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.
Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation—which has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that women’s happiness is more dependent on relationships than men’s.
【解题导语】 本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。
5．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?
A．Warmth. B．Depression.
C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。
6．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?
A．Psychological factors. B．Biological factors.
C．Educational factors. D．Social factors.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。
7．One can probably read the text from________．
A．a science fiction B．a culture brochure
C．a nursery guide D．a health magazine
D 解析：文章出处题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology.
B．Men and women experience happiness differently.
C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women.
D．Women’s happiness has declined in the past years.
B 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。
七选五
(2020·洛阳第二次统考)Can creativity be taught? That’s a question without a simple yes or no answer. Creativity may not be able to be taught directly, but what you can get better at is frequently targeting at the circumstances of life which bring the greatest chances for true creative expression. 1.________， but more like something which manifests(显现) itself inside those who learn to develop it and create the right conditions for it.
Limit your selection of tools to only the most vital. 2.________. You’ll be sharper than someone who merely fights with a larger set of tools.
Learn how to be resourceful. 3.________. Creativity is not just about creating something new but making old things work better as well. Think of crazy possibilities as well as practical ones. You might find inspiration for a workable solution in one of your ideas.
Don’t listen to feedback(反馈) and keep following your own path. The problem of asking for feedback is that the feedback will be given according to the person’s past experience. Others will unconsciously push you in a direction that they see as the best. 4.________. Just don’t let criticism destroy your creativity during the creative process.
5．________. Routines are positive if they strengthen a healthy creative consciousness and negative if they destroy that. The key is to discover a creative routine that puts you in a more creative mindset.
A．Creativity is not like a lightning strike
B．Having a routine is actually not a bad idea
C．You can literally do anything you like with them
D．Resourcefulness is about making the most of what you have to work with
E．The more limited your set of tools is, the more creative the output will be
F．This is done with good intentions, but it actually hurts your natural creativity
G．While breaking your routine once in a while to force new ways of thinking is good
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养创造力的一些方法。
1．A 解析：根据空后的“but more like something which...conditions for it”可知，空处和后面的句子构成一个“not...but...”句型。故选A项。
2．E 解析：由空前一句“Limit your selection of tools to only the most vital.”可知，E项符合语境，承接上文。故选 E项。
3．D 解析：空前一句“Learn how to be resourceful.”中的“resourceful”和D项中的“Resourcefulness”相呼应。故选 D项。
4．F 解析：根据该段的主题句“Don’t listen to feedback(反馈) and keep following your own path.”并结合空前一句“Others will unconsciously push you in a direction that they see as the best.”可知，其他人的反馈意图是好的，但会伤害你的创造力。故选F项。
5．B 解析：根据文章的结构和空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句。本段主要讲的是有一个固定的程序实际上不是一个坏主意。故选B项。
语法填空
(2020·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)People use the word “friend” in a 1.____________(various) of ways. A friend can mean anything from an acquaintance(泛泛之交) to someone you’ve known. Whoever they are, friends are an important part of life at every stage.
For some people, making friends is easy. For others, it can be 2.____________ struggle. It’s easy for people who know how to connect with others. But you don’t need to be clever or 3.____________(charm) to make friends. People who make friends easily know how to be 4.____________(they). There’s an old saying：“A friend is someone who knows you well—and 5.____________(like) you anyway.”
There are three simple things you can do to make friends. First, you have to like yourself. Make a list of your 6.____________(strong), talents and achievements. That way, when you meet new people, you’ll know 7.____________you have to share. Next, learn how to listen. To succeed in friendships, you need to show an interest 8.____________ others. Ask questions about other people. Finally, it’s a good idea 9.____________(join) a club or take a class. That way, you can meet people who have similar interests. Good friends 10.____________(usual) like the same things.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了交朋友的三个简单步骤。
1．variety 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：人们用各种各样的方式使用“朋友”这个词。根据句意可知，此处考查固定搭配a variety of，意为“各种各样的”。
2．a 解析：考查冠词。句意：对其他人来说，它可能是一种挣扎。此处struggle为可数名词，表示“挣扎”，且struggle的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用冠词a。
3．charming 解析：考查词形转换。根据空前的“clever or”并结合句意可知，此处应用形容词。
4．themselves 解析：考查代词。句意：交朋友的人很容易明白如何做自己。根据句意和主语People可知，此处应用themselves。
5．likes 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对一般情况的描述，应用一般现在时，且此处和knows并列作谓语，故填likes。
6．strengths 解析：考查名词。根据后面的“talents and achievements”并结合句意可知，此处应用名词，且strength作“优点”讲时为可数名词，所以用strengths。
7．what 解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该宾语从句。
8．in 解析：考查介词。此处表示你需要对他人表现出兴趣。show an interest in...意为“对……表现出兴趣”，为固定用法。
9．to join 解析：考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to join。
10．usually 解析：考查副词。句意：好朋友通常喜欢相同的东西。空处修饰空后的动词like，故用副词usually。
[学生用书P148]
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．severe adj. 严重的；严厉的，严格的；艰巨的
2．temporary adj. 短暂的；暂时的
3．procedure n. 步骤，程序
4．allocate vt. 分配
5．goodwill n. 友好；善意
6．vivid adj. 清晰的，生动的，鲜明的
7．motivation n. 动力，动机
8．mature adj. 成熟的
vi. 成熟；使充分发展
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．junior adj. 青少年的；地位(或职
位、级别)低下的
2．accomplish vt. 完成，实现
3．thankful adj. 感激的，感谢的
4．accompany vt. 陪伴，陪同；伴随；
为……伴奏
5．obey vt.& vi. 服从，听从，顺从
6．outstanding adj. 优秀的，杰出的，出色的
7．adequate adj. 足够的；合乎需要的
8．part－time adj.& adv. 部分时间的(地)；
兼职的(地)
9．advocate vt. 拥护；支持；提倡
10．quit vt.& vi. 停止；放弃；离开
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．assist vt.帮助，协助→assistant n．助理，助手→assistance n．帮助，援助
2．surround vt.围绕，环绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境，周围的事物
3．suffering n．疼痛，痛苦；折磨→suffer vi.& vt.遭受；忍受
4．appreciation n．感激，感谢；欣赏；理解；(艺术方面的)鉴定，评估→appreciate vt.欣赏；感激
5．adapt vi.& vt.(使)适应；改编→adaptation n．适应；改编；改编本；改写本
6．admirable adj.令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得赞美的→admire vt.钦佩；赞赏；仰慕→admiration n．钦佩；赞赏；羡慕
7．unbearable adj.无法忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受的→bear vt.承受；忍受；承担
8．directly adv.径直地；直接地 conj.一……就……→direct adj.直的；直接的；直率的 v．导演，指示；指挥→direction n．方向，方位；(常用复数)用法说明
9．entertainment n．娱乐活动；娱乐；招待，款待→entertain vt.使快乐；招待，款待→entertaining adj.有趣的，使人愉快的
10．predict vt.预言，预告，预报→prediction n．预言，预测，预告→predictor n．预言者
11．instant adj.即食的，方便的；立刻的 n．瞬间，片刻→instantly adv.立刻，立即，马上 conj.一……就……
1.“支持，拥护”速记
①advocate ②support
③sustain ④in favour of
⑤back up ⑥be for
2.不要轻易“停止，放弃”
①quit ②stop
③abandon ④pause
⑤desert ⑥give up
3.“优秀”人才描绘词
①outstanding 优秀的 ②talented 有才能的
③capable 有能力的 ④excellent 优秀的
⑤gifted 有天赋的 ⑥intelligent 聪明的
⑦brilliant 卓越的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．apart_from 远离，和……不在一起；除了
2．in_good_spirits 心情好
3．go_after 追求；谋求；追赶
4．on_one’s_own 独自，单独；独立地
5．head_for 朝……方向(地方)
行进，前往
6．at_that_point 在那时；在那个阶段
7．in_a_rush 匆忙地，急切地
8．adapt_(oneself)_to 适应
9．be_accompanied_by 伴随有；附有，带着
10．to_one’s_relief 令某人欣慰的是
11．cheer_up 高兴起来，振作起来
12．feel_caught_between 在……之间感到左右为难
13．ahead_of 在……前面；早于
14．for_example 例如
15．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于；
聚焦于
16．assist_sb.with_sth. 帮助某人做某事
17．be_full_of 充满
18．believe_in 信任，相信
1.“in＋a＋n.”短语荟萃
①in a rush/hurry匆忙地
②in a word 总之，一句话
③in a sense 在某种意义上
④in a mess 一团糟
⑤in a way 在某种程度上
⑥in a dilemma 处于两难的境地
⑦in a nutshell 一言以蔽之
2.“to one’s＋n.”高频短语
①to one’s surprise/shock 使某人惊奇的是
②to one’s joy/delight 使某人高兴的是
③to one’s shame 使某人丢脸的是
④to one’s disappointment 使某人失望的是
⑤to one’s amusement 使某人愉快的是
⑥to one’s relief 使某人欣慰的是
3.cheer短语训练营
①cheer up 高兴起来，振作起来
②cheer for sb. 为某人喝彩叫好，
为某人鼓劲加油
③cheer sb.on 向某人欢呼，为某
人鼓劲加油
4．“提前”短语小结
①ahead of time ②in advance
③ahead of schedule ④ahead of timetable
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：by the time意为“到……时为止”，常与完成时态连用
By_the_time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games, she had_been a junior gymnast for eleven years.
到参加纽约运动会的体操锦标赛时，桑兰已经是一名有着11年经历的体操小将了。
句型2：It feels like...意为“似乎，感觉好像……”
It_feels_like allocating adequate time for each is just not practical.
要给每件事分配足够的时间，似乎是不切实际的。
句型3：省略to的不定式作表语
All I had to do was go to school and spend a few hours studying when I came home.
我要做的事情就是上学，以及回家后再学习几个小时。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．Of the outstanding(杰出的) ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
2．The man quarreled with his boss about the pay and quitted(放弃) the job.
3．As I travelled further to the west, going after the storm, the damage along the way became less severe(严重的)．
4．To accomplish(完成) his research paper, Professor Reagan experienced various hardships and loneliness for nearly half a year.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow(悲伤), life and death, and everything else in between.
6．Do you know the brave people assisting(assist) the police in looking into the murder case?
7．(2018·浙江卷6月)What’s more, I have accumulated related experience by working parttime in a travel agency, accompanying(accompany) some foreign tourists.
8．We saw him heading(head) for us, so we stepped aside.
9．Although Tony is an orphan, he is always in good spirits (spirit)．
10．What impressed me in Greece was that the oceans surrounding(surround) the islands were deep blue.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．As an assistant,_he assisted the professor with the experiment.And his assistance made the experiment easier to do.(assist)
2．The children in the mountain village have no entertainment,_so their teachers often tell entertaining stories to entertain them after class.(entertain)
3．When he woke up, he found himself surrounded by a group of nurses and doctors, and the surroundings were not pleasant.(surround)
4．The film is adapted from his story.It mainly tells us his quick adaptation to the new environment, and in fact, at first he thought he couldn’t adapt himself to the changed environment.(adapt)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
in a rush; head for; go after; apart from; adapt to; in good spirits; at that point
Our village with a beautiful river around it was once a golden one. 1.At_that_point,_every villager enjoyed a peaceful and happy life. But now the villagers are not 2.in_good_spirits and don’t 3.adapt_to the life there because the village is surrounded
by a polluted river, 4.apart_from which there are some factories that produce alcohol.The farmland is destroyed.The pollution is so unbearable that most young people are 5.going_after jobs in cities. Even some middleaged women are 6.heading_for cities 7.in_a_rush. We would be greatly thankful if someone could rebuild our village.
cheer up; focus on; ahead of; be full of; assist...with...
Tom is a clever boy and 8.ahead_of other students in study. His heart 9.is_full_of love and kindness and he is ready to 10.assist his classmates with their studies.Moreover, he often 11.cheers_up students who are in low spirits and encourages them to 12.focus_on their studies. Because of these, he is well received by all his classmates.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．到上学期结束时，我几乎已经学完了所有的大学课程。
By_the_time last term ended, I had_almost_finished all my college courses.
2．这个面试只用了十分钟，但感觉像好几个小时似的。
The interview only took ten minutes, but it_felt_like_several_hours．
3．不要担心，你现在需要做的是好好睡上一觉，并记得常喝水。
Don’t worry. What you need to do is have_a_good_sleep_and_remember_to_drink_water_constantly．
[学生用书P150]
surround vt.围绕；环绕
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷) Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded(surround) by his family.
②a.(2018·天津卷) Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings(surround) during the journey?
b．Standing on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the surrounding(surround) hills.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)The tall building in the distance is home to my father’s company. The tall building is surrounded by a great many big trees.
(高级表达)The tall building which_is_surrounded_by_a_great_many_big_trees_in_the_distance is home to my father’s company.(定语从句)
(1)surround sb./sth.with/by...
使某人/某物被……包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 环境
[佳句背诵] Seeing from the hill in the distance, you will find the city of Pingyao is still surrounded by the old city walls.
从远处的山上看， 你会发现平遥市仍被古城墙围绕着。
[名师点津]
surroundings专指自然环境；environment可指自然环境也可指精神环境，常用单数形式。
adapt v．(使)适应；改编
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.The movie that had been adapted for children was adapted from a novel.
b．(江西卷)To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourselves to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.
②a.I hold the firm belief that she will deal with the changes very well, because she is very adaptable(adapt)．
b．Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation(adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)The culture made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adapt_to(使得他很难适应) the new environment abroad.
④(高级表达)It_was_the_culture_that_made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adapt_to_the_new_environment_abroad.(强调句)
(1)adapt to 适应
adapt oneself to(＝adjust oneself to)
使自己适应……
(1)adapt to 适应
adapt oneself to(＝adjust oneself to)
使自己适应……
(2)adapt...from... 根据……改编……
adapt...for... 改编……为……用
(3)adaptable adj. 有适应能力的；可修改的
adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本
[名师点津] 比较adapt和adopt
apt适当的→adapt[根义](使)适合→[多义]①使适应②改编，改写
opt选择→adopt[根义]选取→[多义]①采用②收养，领养
advocate vt.拥护；支持；提倡
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Many experts advocate rewarding(reward) your child for good behaviour.
②Animal activists advocate that the government (should)_set(set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.
[能力提升]——一句多译
人们提倡每个人应该过一种低碳生活。
③People advocate that everyone_(should)_live a low－carbon life.
④It_is_advocated_that everyone (should) live a low－carbon life.,advocate (doing) sth. 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事
主张……[从句谓语动词用
(should＋)动词原形]
[佳句背诵] Today’s world situation is complex and changeable.We advocate a peaceful settlement of international disputes. 当今世界形势复杂多变，我们主张用和平的方式解决国际争端。
accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He accompanied his old father to the hospital to see what’s wrong with his stomach.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied(accompany) by the touching words.
③While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her on the piano.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④因为在节日时无人陪伴，这位老太太感到孤独。
With_nobody_accompanying_her_during_the_festival,_the old lady felt lonely.(with复合结构)
⑤起程的日子就要到了，我告诉妻子我不能陪他们了。
As the day set for departure drew near, I told my wife that I_couldn’t_accompany_them．
(1)accompany sb.＝keep sb. company
陪伴某人
accompany sb. to someplace 陪伴某人到某地
accompany sb. on＋乐器 用某种乐器为
某人伴奏
(2)companion n. 同伴；伙伴
[佳句背诵] We did a lot for the elderly at the nursing home, cleaning their rooms，washing clothes for them and accompanying them, which made them very happy.
在敬老院我们为老人做了许多事情，打扫房间、洗衣服、陪伴他们，这使他们非常高兴。(全国卷Ⅱ)
quit vt.& vi.停止；放弃；离开；辞去(工作)；辍学
[能力提升]——一句多译
我的叔叔还不能戒烟，但是至少他少抽了一些。
①My uncle hasn’t been able to quit_smoking,_but at least he has cut down.
②My uncle hasn’t been able to give_up_smoking,_but at least he has cut down.
③My uncle hasn’t been able to stop_smoking,_but at least he has cut down.
④My uncle hasn’t been able to get_rid_of_smoking,_but at least he has cut down.
quit (doing) sth. 停止(做)某事
quit office/school/one’s job 离职/退学/辞掉工作
[佳句背诵] However, he planned to leave this city and quit his job.
然而，他计划离开这个城市并辞掉工作。
[名师点津] 表示“停止做某事”的表达有：
(1)quit doing sth.； (2)stop doing sth.；
(3)give up doing sth.; (4)get rid of doing sth.
entertainment n．娱乐活动；娱乐；招待，款待
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Pets are amusing and entertaining(entertain), but we are in a way doing animals harm.
②To her great entertainment,_he told many entertaining stories that night.(entertain)
③She entertained the children with songs, stories and dramas.
④Bob and Lisa entertained us to dinner last night, during which Bob told us many jokes for entertainment(entertain), making it an entertaining(entertain) night.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤他给我们说笑话、讲故事，让我们高兴了好几个小时。
He entertained_us for hours with_his_jokes_and_stories．
(1)to one’s entertainment 使某人高兴的是
(2)entertain vt. 使娱乐，使快乐；招待
entertain sb.to sth. 用某物招待某人
entertain sb.with sth. 用某物使某人快乐
(3)entertaining adj. 有趣的；令人愉快的
[佳句背诵] I suggest that you should keep the balance between your study and entertainment, such as doing sports, listening to music and so on.
我建议你们保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡，例如做运动、听音乐等。(江西卷)
assist vt.帮助；协助；援助
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The guide managed to assist the tourists to_find(find) somewhere to live during the Russia World Cup.
②With the assistance(assist) of his teacher, he gradually adjusted to the school life.
③(全国卷Ⅱ)His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant(assist) in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④为了帮助学生学好汉语，我们学校决定给你们中文班捐赠一批图书。
To_assist_the_students_to_learn/in_learning_Chinese_better,_our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
(1)assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助某人某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n． 帮助；协助
come to one’s assistance 援助某人
with the assistance/help of 在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助手，助理；售货员
[佳句背诵] Local villagers were assisting the doctors with the people wounded in the bus crash. 当地村民正在帮助医生照料在公共汽车事故中受伤的人们。
instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He made an instant decision to risk his own life to save the drowning child.
②In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
[能力提升]——一句多译
让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。
③Much to my surprise, she burst into tears the_instant/instantly she read the letter.
④Much to my surprise, on/upon_reading_the_letter,_she burst out crying.
⑤To my great surprise, she burst into tears the_moment_she_read_the_letter．
(1)in an instant＝instantly 立刻；马上
for an instant 一瞬间；顷刻
(2)一……就……
[佳句背诵] Please send me an email the instant/instantly you reach Yunnan.
请你一到云南就给我发电子邮件。
[名师点津] 表示“一……就……”的结构有the minute...; the moment...; as soon as...；immediately...; directly...; hardly...when...; no sooner...than...；on/upon...等。
apart from 除……之外；除了……之外(还有)……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·天津卷)Apart from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in.
②The two brothers are so much alike that their mother can hardly tell them apart．
[能力提升]——完成句子
③罗德喜欢拆钟表，然而他从来不能把它们再组装起来。
Rod loves taking_apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.
④除了煤，最重要的天然燃料是天然气和石油。
Apart_from/Besides/In_addition_to_coal,_the most important natural fuel are gas and oil.
tell...apart 区分，分辨
take(...)apart 将……拆卸开
[佳句背诵] Apart from English classes, I took an active part in English corner and other afterclass English activities, which benefited me a lot.
除了上英语课，我还积极参加英语角和其他课外英语活动，这些使我受益很多。
[名师点津] apart from表示“除……之外”时，相当于except, except for, but；表示“除了……之外(还有)……”时，相当于besides, in addition to。
in good spirits 心情好，兴高采烈
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I am out of spirits and don’t want to speak to anyone.
②Finding her in low spirits, they had persuaded her to join them for lunch.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(江西卷)上午8时，我们在大青山脚下集合，兴高采烈地动身向山顶出发了。
At 8 a．m., we gathered at the foot of Daqing Mountain and set_out_for_the_top_in_high_spirits_/in_good_spirits．
(1)in high spirits 兴高采烈，情绪高涨
in low/bad spirits 沮丧，情绪低落
out of spirits 无精打采
(2)lift one’s spirits 振奋某人的精神
keep up one’s spirits 使某人打起精神来
[佳句背诵] Setting off very early, we went along an extremely narrow road, all in good spirits.
我们很早就出发了，沿着一条极窄的小路行进，个个都兴高采烈的。
go after 追求，追赶；谋求
[基础练习]——用go 的相关短语填空
①If you go_against nature, it will punish you.
②(四川卷)To get a better grade, you should go_over the notes again before the test.
③I went_on_with my work until I finished washing all the clothes.
④The first thing to do is decide what kind of work you’d like, and then go_after it.
⑤With time going_by,_I gradually realize the importance of health.,go against 反对；违反
go ahead 开始；继续；进行；干吧
go by (时间)过去
go in for 从事；爱好
go over 检查；复习
go through 检查；用完；经历
go on with 继续
省略to的不定式作表语
(教材P30)All I had to do was go to school and spend a few hours studying when I came home.
我要做的事情就是上学，以及回家后再学习几个小时。
[能力提升]——句型转换
①Now you needn’t do anything but fill in the form.
→All you have to do now is_(to)_fill_in_the_form．
②I have no choice but to accept the fact that she has lied to me.
→The only thing I_can_do_is_(to)_accept the fact that she has lied to me.
当不定式在系动词后作表语时，如果主语部分带有实义动词do(包括do的任何形式)，可以省去不定式符号to；否则，保留不定式符号to。
[佳句背诵] —Do you know how to play go?
——你知道怎么下围棋吗？
—It’s easy.All you have to do is (to) use your pieces to surround the opponent’s pieces and then take over all of his territory. ——很简单。你所要做的就是用自己的子去围对方的子，然后占领他所有的地盘。
[学生用书P154]
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．The examinations are around the corner.Some fans in our class are persuaded to quit playing(play) football to focus on their studies.
2．Having been warned of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend accompanying (accompany) her.
3．Lost in the mountains for three days, what the three men were able to do was (to)_expect(expect) the help of helicopter.
4．—I heard you worked very late yesterday.
—Yes, it had been completely dark by the time I left(leave) the office.
5．The play is an adaptation(adapt) of some chapters of the book.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．All of us burst into laughter the instant we saw Mr. Bean’s funny appearance.
2．I would greatly appreciate it if you would send me the application forms as soon as possible.
3．Being a winner doesn’t mean you’ll always get everything you want, but it does mean you’ll go after your goals in ways that are reliable.
4．At that point, they started to feel more comfortable and confident.
5．After being admitted to university, you’ll have to arrange most of life on your own.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2017·江苏卷)The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment.娱乐
2．On seeing that the famous actress came onto the stage with her boyfriend accompanying her, all the fans burst out screaming.
陪伴
3．Surrounded by the sea on three sides，modern Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China.围绕
4．As far as I’m concerned, it is not wise to quit your job and stay at home to be a housewife.放弃
5．In the questionnaire, the subjects are questioned whether they advocate banning cars in the city center.支持
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．You’re heading to disaster if you go on with her.to→for
2．Apart to some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.to→from
3．She offered to assist them the marketing of the product.在them后加with
4．The freshman has not yet adapted him to the life here.him→himself
5．He remains in good spirit, and everyone in our class wishes him a very speedy recovery.spirit→spirits
6．I had to go to the cinema on own because all the other boys were busy.在own前加my
7．The girl burst into tears instant the headmaster announced that she was the winner.instant→instantly或在instant前加the
8．She showed a talent in acting at an early age.in→for
维度五 完成句子
1．We were in such_an_anxious_rush (如此焦急匆忙) when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
2．It_is_predicted_that (据预测) there will be five scientific breakthroughs in the future.
3．Much to my regret, I was unable to keep my promise to_accompany_you_to_Shanghai(陪你到上海去)．
4．Tickets are limited and will be_allocated_to (分配给) those who apply first.
5．(山东卷)Therefore, it goes without saying that it is this motto that brings_me_motivation(带给我动力) and encouragement.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Nowadays, more and more young people will go abroad to go after better education. It can 1.be_predicted(predict) that they will suffer from culture shock. Here I want to tell those who will go abroad for further study should make full preparations. On one hand, they should be ready to live on 2.their(they) own, no parents 3.accompanying(accompany) them. Therefore, they should adapt themselves quickly 4.to the new environment. On the other hand, apart from 5.the new environment, once they set foot on the new land, they 6.will_be_surrounded(surround) by strangers, which is a great challenge. In my opinion, I think 7.what they should do is turn to their teachers or classmates for help, who I think will assist them in 8.solving(solve) the problems.
If you are one of them, you should face those challenges in good 9.spirits(spirit) and do not quit 10.trying(try)．
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①幸福一直是许多人所期盼的。
Happiness has always been what many people long_for．
②很多人认为幸福意味着追名逐利。
Many think that happiness means going_after fame and wealth.
③但对我来说，幸福意味着与家人和朋友在一起。
But for me, happiness means being_surrounded_by family and friends.
④当有人情绪低落时，我会尽力让他振作起来。
When someone is in_low_spirits,_I will try to cheer him up.
⑤当朋友遇到麻烦时，我将立即帮助他摆脱困境。
When my friend is in trouble, I would like to assist_him_to_get_out_of_trouble_in_an_instant．
2．升级平淡句
⑥用并列连词合并①②
Happiness_has_always_been_what_many_people_long_for,_and_many_think_that_happiness_means_going_after_fame_and_wealth.
3．衔接成美文
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One possible version：
Happiness has always been what many people long for, and many think that happiness means going after fame and wealth.But for me, happiness means being surrounded by family and friends.When someone is in low spirits, I will try to cheer him up.When my friend is in trouble, I would like to assist him to get out of trouble in an instant.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
[学生用书P363(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·淮南部分学校摸底)I was selfish as a teenager. I usually spent my time thinking about myself and taking care of my own needs. I let my older brother do most of the work around the house until he left for college. I let my mom and dad worry about our bills and problems while I read books, played, and lost myself in my own imagination. This didn’t change even when I went to college either. I studied hard but only to make my own life better. Even when I started to explore my faith, it was only to increase my own happiness.
I married after graduation and decided to start a family. Of course, I had no idea what hard knocks reality had in store for my selfish soul. Soon I found myself unemployed, deeply in debt, and with a new baby on the way. I found out that life has little sympathy for spoiled people. In fact, all of the struggles I was going through were beating the selfishness slowly out of me.
Still, I didn’t give up on happiness, I knew that there must be a way to find it. I finally realized, however, that it had to include more than just my own needs, wants, and desires. The answer began to make itself clear one night shortly after my baby boy was born. I got a bottle and held him in my arms. As I was feeding him I looked down and saw his big, innocent, trusting eyes. I smiled and talked to him. Then he smiled and I could feel my heart growing, expanding with love. I felt such peace and joy. At that moment I had a hint of the truth: It is by growing our hearts with love that we find our happiness.
Carolyn Arends wrote：“The more people you let into your heart, the bigger your heart gets. The more love you get, the more love you have to give. It just keeps growing.” So, keep loving, keep living and keep caring. Keep growing your heart today, tomorrow, and always.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述作者由一个自私的人成长为一个心中对他人有爱的人，也明白了“爱他人即幸福”的道理的经历。
1．What do we know about the author form the first paragraph?
A．He often helped his brother with housework.
B．He studied hard for his family.
C．He put his own needs above others’．
D．He was concerned about his family.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“let my older brother do most of the work” “let my mom and dad worry about our bills and problems” “This didn’t change even when I went to college either” “I studied hard but only to make my own life better.”和“it was only to increase my own happiness” 的描述可推知，作者在青少年时期较为自私，行为处事总是只考虑自己，几乎不为家人考虑，即他把自己的需要放在别人的需要之上。故选C项。
2．What did the author realize after he suffered in life?
A．Spoiled people can’t survive the hardship of life.
B．Life is cruel to spoiled people.
C．Spoiled people are never happy in life.
D．Selfishness is helpful.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Soon I found myself unemployed, deeply in debt, and with a new baby on the way. I found out that life has little sympathy for spoiled people.”可知，作者在经历了人生的失意后，终于发现生活对被宠坏的人是残酷的。
3．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The author loved kids.
B．The author often fed his baby.
C．The author realized the importance of happiness.
D．When caring for his baby, the author got inspired.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As I was feeding him I looked down and saw his big, innocent, trusting eyes. I smiled and talked to him. Then he smiled and I could feel my heart growing, expanding with love. I felt such peace and joy. At that moment I had a hint of the truth: It is by growing our hearts with love that we find our happiness.”可推知，作者在照料孩子的过程中领悟到了通往幸福的途径。
4．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Loving Others, a Way to Happiness
B．The Elder One Grows, the More He Gets
C．Help Others, Help Oneself
D．Keep Growing to Live a Happy Life
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“‘The more people you let into your heart, the bigger your heart gets. The more love you get, the more love you have to give. It just keeps growing.’ So, keep loving, keep living and keep caring. Keep growing your heart today, tomorrow, and always.”的描述可推知，这篇文章的主旨是“爱他人即幸福”。
B
(2020·福州质量抽测)A walk through the galleries of Quebec’s Montreal Museum of Fine Arts(MMFA) places individuals facetoface with some 43，000 artworks ranging from Chinese ceramics to Inuit sculpture.
While the visiting is an incredible cultural experience, a group of local physicians will soon be able to prescribe(开处方) museum visits as treatment for some illnesses.
“We know that art contributes to neural(神经的) activity，” said MMFA director Nathalie Bondil. “What we see is that being in contact with art can really help your wellbeing.”
Hélène Boyer, vice president of a Montrealbased medical association, explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter(神经递质) known as the “happy chemical” which helps to lift the mood.
According to Boyer, the small increase in hormones associated with enjoying an afternoon of art is similar to that offered by exercise, making museum visits prescriptions ideal for the elderly experiencing pain that prevents them from regularly joining in physical activity.
The museum visits are designed to improve traditional methods. As Bondil notes, spending time in a peaceful environment can provide a welcome distraction. “What is most important is this experience can help them escape from their own pain，” she says. “When you enter the museum, you escape from the speed of our daily life.”
“I am convinced that in the 21st century, culture will be what physical activity was for health in the 20th century，” said Bondil. “Some people would do well to recall that just in the 19th century, sports were believed to do harm to the body. Just as doctors now prescribe exercise, they will be able to prescribe a visit to the MMFA.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。参观博物馆不仅能让人们受到艺术的熏陶，还能舒缓心情、治疗疾病。
5．What does Hélène Boyer think of museum visits?
A．They can cheer people up.
B．They can reduce physical activity.
C．They can slow down our life pace.
D．They can increase levels of art appreciation.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Hélène Boyer, vice president of a Montrealbased medical association, explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter(神经递质) known as the ‘happy chemical’ which helps to lift the mood.”可知，一个总部设在蒙特利尔的医学协会的副主席Hélène Boyer解释说，参观博物馆被证明可以提高血清素水平，血清素是一种被称为“快乐化学物质”的神经递质，它有助于振奋情绪。据此可知，Hélène Boyer认为参观博物馆可以帮助人们振作起来，故A项正确。
6．How do museum visits affect people?
A．Stop them concentrating on pain.
B．Stop them focusing on traditional methods.
C．Encourage them not to be absentminded.
D．Encourage them to slow their steps while walking.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“What is most important is this experience can help them escape from their own pain”可知，参观博物馆可以让人们逃避痛苦，故A项正确。
7．What does the last paragraph suggest?
A．Physical activity was popular in the 19th century.
B．Sports are considered to be harmful to the body.
C．Ideas of treating illnesses are changing over time.
D．Doctors prescribe museum visits regularly now.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据尾段最后两句“Some people would do well to recall that just in the 19th century, sports were believed to do harm to the body. Just as doctors now prescribe exercise, they will be able to prescribe a visit to the MMFA.”可知，在19世纪，体育运动被认为对身体有害。现在，就像医生给病人开运动处方一样，他们将能给病人开去蒙特利尔美术博物馆参观的处方。据此可推知，治疗疾病的方法随着时间的变化而改变，故C项正确。
8．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Museum visits are ideal for the elderly.
B．The happy chemical helps to lift the mood.
C．Peaceful environment helps escape pain.
D．Cultural activities will promote health.
D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段通过描述参观蒙特利尔美术博物馆引入本文话题，接着介绍当地医生将给病人开参观博物馆的处方来治疗一些疾病，艺术欣赏对人的健康的积极作用，也就是说文化活动可以促进健康，故D项正确。
完形填空
(2020·兰州高三诊断)When I was a kid, my parents sent me to a summer camp in New Hampshire. At the camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports and archery(射箭), but for me, the most memorable __1__ was an overnight trip of mountain climbing. If you’ve ever __2__ a mountain, you know it’s a physical challenge, __3__when you’re carrying your food and shelter on your back. When campers got __4__， they certainly started complaining.
“How much farther is it？”
“I can’t go any further.”
“My __5__ is too heavy. Can you carry it for me？”
The reply of the __6__was, “Suck it up.(别抱怨)”. The truth is that the complaining campers were __7__ near the point of __8__. If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the __9__ and given them care. The kids simply weren’t used to the physical challenge. Once they realized they weren’t getting any sympathy, they __10__ the discomfort, and in most cases __11__ having a great time. In my camp days, I don’t __12__ a single camper complaining at the __13__ of the mountain.
There are two ways to deal with an __14__ situation. You can complain, or you can make the best of it. If you complain, you might feel like you’re getting that __15__ energy out, but you’re probably not going to cause a positive change. It’s much more likely that your complaining will cause the __16__ of those around you. No one likes a complainer. They’re __17__ and they hurt the group. Complaining makes life __18__ for everyone. Instead, if you determine to master your own __19__， to move past it and focus on a __20__， it’s my experience that you’ll realize it wasn’t bad in the first place.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”小时候参加了一个夏令营，和其他人一起参加夜晚登山露营活动。登山过程中，有人会抱怨走不动了；但是后来“我”发现，如果我们停止抱怨，坚持下去，我们的道路并没有那么难走。
1．A.experience B．behaviour
C．occasion D．situation
A 解析：根据该句中的“an overnight trip of mountain climbing”可知，此处表示这是最难以忘怀的一次经历。
2．A.seen B．reached
C．climbed D．described
C 解析：根据上文中的“mountain climbing”可知，此处表示“爬山”。
3．A.especially B．normally
C．obviously D．naturally
A 解析：根据语境可知，爬山是一种身体上的挑战，尤其是当你背着食物和露营装备的时候。
4．A.ashamed B．tired
C．puzzled D．shocked
B 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，当露营者累了的时候，他们开始抱怨。A项意为“羞愧”；B项意为“累的”；C项意为“困惑的”；D项意为“震惊的”。
5．A.food B．water
C．shelter D．backpack
D 解析：根据上文中的“when you’re carrying your food and shelter on your back”可知，此处表示有人抱怨自己的背包太重。
6．A.parents B．teachers
C．guides D．partners
B 解析：根据下文中的“the teachers would have noticed...care”可知，此处表示“老师们的回答”。
7．A.somewhere B．anywhere
C．nowhere D．everywhere
C 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，事实是，抱怨的露营者远没有(nowhere)筋疲力尽(exhaustion)。
8．A.camp B．exhaustion
C．mountain D．destination
B 解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.signs B．activities
C．gestures D．scenes
A 解析：根据语境可知，如果有人筋疲力尽的话，老师们会注意到这种迹象，并且给予他们照顾。A项意为“迹象”；B项意为“活动”；C项意为“姿态”；D项意为“场面”。
10．A.shared B．understood
C．suffered D．overcame
D 解析：根据语境可知，抱怨的人一旦意识到他们得不到同情，他们会克服不适，并且大多数情况下，最终玩得很开心。
11．A.couldn’t help B．ended up
C．insisted on D．gave up
B 解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“忍不住做某事”；B项意为“到头来”；C项意为“坚持”；D项意为“放弃”。
12．A.recall B．forget
C．disturb D．forgive
A 解析：根据上文中的“the most memorable”并结合语境可推知，“我”不记得(recall)在山顶(top)有人抱怨过。
13．A.foot B．top
C．back D．base
B 解析：参见上题解析。
14．A.unbelievable B．unexpected
C．unusual D．unpleasant
D 解析：根据下文中的“complain” “make the best of it”可知，有两种方式来应对不愉快的境况。A项意为“难以置信的”；B项意为“出乎意料”；C项意为“不寻常的”；D项意为“令人不快的”。
15．A.great B．spare
C．negative D．potential
C 解析：根据语境可推知，如果你抱怨了，你也许会感到你正在将那些负面的能量释放出来，但是你很可能不会产生正面的改变。故选C。
16．A.dislike B．respect
C．sympathy D．enthusiasm
A 解析：根据下文中的“No one likes a complainer.”可推知，抱怨会引起周围的人(对你)的讨厌。A项意为“不喜欢”；B项意为“尊敬”；C项意为“同情”；D项意为“热情”。
17．A.amazing B．shocking
C．worrying D．annoying
D 解析：根据该句中的“they hurt the group”可知，抱怨的人让人讨厌。A项意为“惊人的”；B项意为“令人震惊的”；C项意为“令人担忧的”；D项意为“讨厌的”。
18．A.poorer B．harder
C．easier D．better
B 解析：根据语境并结合常识可推知，抱怨让每个人的生活更加艰难。故选B。
19．A.life B．mind
C．suffering D．mistake
C 解析：根据语境可知，相反，据“我”的经验看，如果你决心去掌控你的痛苦(suffering)，越过它并集中注意力于解决方法(solution)，那么一开始你就会意识到它并不是那么糟糕。
20．A.trip B．plan
C．solution D．dream
C 解析：参见上题解析。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
[学生用书P365(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·六安高三模拟)
Rich as a King
WilliamⅠ， who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet(抽水马桶), paper towels, or a riding lawn mower(割草机). How did he get_by?
History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldn’t buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.
Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you’d think I’d be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbors, school classmates, and famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howard’s new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.
There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. You’d think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.
Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by today’s standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms that my wife and I can keep clean.
Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers’ fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I can’t keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.
【解题导语】 本文主要通过同富有的古人对比启迪读者：生活没有必要攀比，要知足常乐。
1．What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Succeed as a king.
B．Deal with complaints.
C．Live in a satisfactory way.
D．Get some extra money.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you’d think I’d be content.”，并结合对第一段第二句的理解：没有现代这些便利的生活设备，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得称心如意呢？由此可推知，画线短语表示“以一种令人满意的方式生活”，故选C。
2．How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present?
A．3. B．4.
C．5. D．6.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据对第一段和第二段的理解可知，古今生活对比中作者列举了四个历史人物，他们分别是：William Ⅰ， Croesus, Alexander the Great和Czar Nicholas。
3．According to the passage, the author intends to ________．
A．tell us to be content with life
B．warn us to live in a simple way
C．teach us to learn lessons from life
D．encourage us to struggle for wealth
A 解析：写作意图题。根据文章的标题Rich as a King，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，作者通过古今生活对比，告诉我们要知足常乐。
4．What’s the author’s attitude towards life?
A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic.
C．Uncaring. D．Cautious.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后两段，尤其是最后一段最后两句“I can’t keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.”可推知，作者对生活持乐观的态度。
B
(2020·昆明诊断)Who’re happier, men or women? Research shows it’s a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn’t really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.
Women’s happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender(性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.
Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.
Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons(镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people’s view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.
Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation—which has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that women’s happiness is more dependent on relationships than men’s.
【解题导语】 本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。
5．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?
A．Warmth. B．Depression.
C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。
6．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?
A．Psychological factors. B．Biological factors.
C．Educational factors. D．Social factors.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。
7．One can probably read the text from________．
A．a science fiction B．a culture brochure
C．a nursery guide D．a health magazine
D 解析：文章出处题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology.
B．Men and women experience happiness differently.
C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women.
D．Women’s happiness has declined in the past years.
B 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。
七选五
(2020·洛阳第二次统考)Can creativity be taught? That’s a question without a simple yes or no answer. Creativity may not be able to be taught directly, but what you can get better at is frequently targeting at the circumstances of life which bring the greatest chances for true creative expression. 1.________， but more like something which manifests(显现) itself inside those who learn to develop it and create the right conditions for it.
Limit your selection of tools to only the most vital. 2.________. You’ll be sharper than someone who merely fights with a larger set of tools.
Learn how to be resourceful. 3.________. Creativity is not just about creating something new but making old things work better as well. Think of crazy possibilities as well as practical ones. You might find inspiration for a workable solution in one of your ideas.
Don’t listen to feedback(反馈) and keep following your own path. The problem of asking for feedback is that the feedback will be given according to the person’s past experience. Others will unconsciously push you in a direction that they see as the best. 4.________. Just don’t let criticism destroy your creativity during the creative process.
5．________. Routines are positive if they strengthen a healthy creative consciousness and negative if they destroy that. The key is to discover a creative routine that puts you in a more creative mindset.
A．Creativity is not like a lightning strike
B．Having a routine is actually not a bad idea
C．You can literally do anything you like with them
D．Resourcefulness is about making the most of what you have to work with
E．The more limited your set of tools is, the more creative the output will be
F．This is done with good intentions, but it actually hurts your natural creativity
G．While breaking your routine once in a while to force new ways of thinking is good
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养创造力的一些方法。
1．A 解析：根据空后的“but more like something which...conditions for it”可知，空处和后面的句子构成一个“not...but...”句型。故选A项。
2．E 解析：由空前一句“Limit your selection of tools to only the most vital.”可知，E项符合语境，承接上文。故选 E项。
3．D 解析：空前一句“Learn how to be resourceful.”中的“resourceful”和D项中的“Resourcefulness”相呼应。故选 D项。
4．F 解析：根据该段的主题句“Don’t listen to feedback(反馈) and keep following your own path.”并结合空前一句“Others will unconsciously push you in a direction that they see as the best.”可知，其他人的反馈意图是好的，但会伤害你的创造力。故选F项。
5．B 解析：根据文章的结构和空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句。本段主要讲的是有一个固定的程序实际上不是一个坏主意。故选B项。
语法填空
(2020·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)People use the word “friend” in a 1.____________(various) of ways. A friend can mean anything from an acquaintance(泛泛之交) to someone you’ve known. Whoever they are, friends are an important part of life at every stage.
For some people, making friends is easy. For others, it can be 2.____________ struggle. It’s easy for people who know how to connect with others. But you don’t need to be clever or 3.____________(charm) to make friends. People who make friends easily know how to be 4.____________(they). There’s an old saying：“A friend is someone who knows you well—and 5.____________(like) you anyway.”
There are three simple things you can do to make friends. First, you have to like yourself. Make a list of your 6.____________(strong), talents and achievements. That way, when you meet new people, you’ll know 7.____________you have to share. Next, learn how to listen. To succeed in friendships, you need to show an interest 8.____________ others. Ask questions about other people. Finally, it’s a good idea 9.____________(join) a club or take a class. That way, you can meet people who have similar interests. Good friends 10.____________(usual) like the same things.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了交朋友的三个简单步骤。
1．variety 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：人们用各种各样的方式使用“朋友”这个词。根据句意可知，此处考查固定搭配a variety of，意为“各种各样的”。
2．a 解析：考查冠词。句意：对其他人来说，它可能是一种挣扎。此处struggle为可数名词，表示“挣扎”，且struggle的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用冠词a。
3．charming 解析：考查词形转换。根据空前的“clever or”并结合句意可知，此处应用形容词。
4．themselves 解析：考查代词。句意：交朋友的人很容易明白如何做自己。根据句意和主语People可知，此处应用themselves。
5．likes 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对一般情况的描述，应用一般现在时，且此处和knows并列作谓语，故填likes。
6．strengths 解析：考查名词。根据后面的“talents and achievements”并结合句意可知，此处应用名词，且strength作“优点”讲时为可数名词，所以用strengths。
7．what 解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该宾语从句。
8．in 解析：考查介词。此处表示你需要对他人表现出兴趣。show an interest in...意为“对……表现出兴趣”，为固定用法。
9．to join 解析：考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to join。
10．usually 解析：考查副词。句意：好朋友通常喜欢相同的东西。空处修饰空后的动词like，故用副词usually。
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