2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦学案：选修6Unit1　Laughterisgoodforyou

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[学生用书P139]
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．comedy n．喜剧
2．tease vt. 取笑；揶揄；戏弄
3．previous adj. 先前的，以往的
4．affection n. 喜爱，钟爱
5．initial adj. 最初的，初始的
n. (人名的)首字母
6．bow vi.& vt. 鞠躬；低头；(使)弯曲
n. 鞠躬；船头
7．dash vi. 急奔，急驰，猛冲
n. 急奔，猛冲；匆忙，仓促
8．tear vt. 撕，扯
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．stage n. 舞台；阶段，时期
2．guarantee vt.& n. 保证；担保
3．attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到；达到
4．polish vt. 提高；修改；润色
5．pile n. 摞；垛；堆
6．style n. 风格；方式；样式
7．crowded adj. 拥挤的
8．burst vi. 猛冲；突然出现；爆裂
9．glare vi. 怒目而视；发出炫目的光
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．variety n．(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式→various adj.各种各样的；多方面的→vary v．变化；改变
2．behave vi.& vt.表现→behaviour n．行为；表现
3．perform vt.& vi.演出，表演；做，履行；工作，运转→performance n．表演，演出；表现，业绩→performer n．表演者；演员
4．technical adj.技术的；技能的→technique n．技术，技巧；技能→technically adv.技巧上，与技术有关地→technician n．技师，技术人员
5．amuse vt.逗笑，逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐→amusement n．消遣，娱乐，乐趣→amusing adj.有趣的；引人发笑的→amused adj.愉快的；被逗乐的
6．strengthen vt.& vi.增强；巩固→strength n．力量，力气→strong adj.坚强的，强壮的
7．participate vi.参加，参与→participation n．参加，参与→participant n．参加者，参与者
8．instruct vt.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知→instruction n．教授；指示，命令；说明→instructive adj.有教育意义的；有启发性的→instructor n．教练，导师
9．anger n．怒，怒火，怒气→angry adj.发怒的，生气的→angrily adv.生气地，气愤地
10．positive adj.积极的；正面的；肯定的→negative adj.消极的；负面的；否定的；坏的，有害的
11．invitation n．邀请→invite vt.邀请
12．weekly n．周刊；周报 adj.每周的→week n．周→weekday n．工作日→weekend n．周末

1.“保证”表达种种
①guarantee　　②ensure
③insure ④assure
2．“达到，实现，获得”家族
①attain 达到，获得
②achieve 完成，做到
③obtain 获得，得到
④get 得到
3.“adj.＋en→v.”的演变
①strong→strengthen　 (使)变强
②ripe→ripen (使)成熟
③short→shorten (使)变短
④wide→widen (使)变宽
⑤deep→deepen (使)变深
⑥sharp→sharpen 削尖；使锐利
⑦dark→darken (使)变暗
⑧hard→harden (使)变硬
4.“观点、态度”类形容词
①positive 　　积极的，正面的，肯定的
②negative 消极的
③active 主动的，活跃的
④passive 被动的，消极的
⑤subjective 主观的
⑥objective 客观的
⑦neutral 中立的
⑧critical 批评的
⑨doubtful 怀疑的

(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．stand_up_for 支持，维护
2．a_variety_of 种种；各种各样的
3．trip_over 绊倒
4．make_fun_of 拿……开玩笑；取笑
5．have_affection_for 喜爱，钟爱
6．come_up_with 想出；拿出
7．pass_away 去世，亡故
8．drive_away 赶走；驱赶
9．take_on 接纳
10．make_room_for 为……腾出地方
11．burst_in 闯进；突然闯入
12．glare_at 对……怒目而视
13．hold_out 递出；拿出；伸出
14．later_on 后来，过后
15．make_up 组成；编造；化妆；弥补
16．depend_on 依靠；依赖
17．be_popular_with 受……欢迎
18．be_divided_into 划分为

1.stand短语集训营
①stand up for　支持，维护
②stand for 代表；象征；主张
③stand out 突出，显眼；杰出
④stand back 向后退
⑤stand aside 靠边站；不参与
⑥stand by 支持；袖手旁观
2.pass短语速记
①pass away　　度过；消磨时间；
去世，亡故
②pass along 沿……走，路过
③pass by 经过；时间逝去
④pass down (世代)相传，传下来
⑤pass on...to... 把……传递给……
3.“v.＋away”短语团聚
①drive away赶走；驱赶
②put away 收好，放好
③turn away 转过脸去；避开
④give away 赠送；泄露；出卖
⑤break away 脱离；摆脱
⑥die away (声音、光线等)慢慢变弱

(三)重点句式——背熟巧用

句型公式
教材原句
句型1：特殊疑问词＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分？
Which of the events above do_you_think will be the funniest?
你认为上面哪件事最有趣？
句型2：“数词/不定代词＋such＋名词”结构
One_such_person is Billy Crystal.
比利·克里斯托就是这样的一个人。
句型3：It seems(＋adj.)＋that...句型
He said, “It_seems_appropriate_that he got his start in silent films！”
他说：“看来他不愧是从无声电影起家的呀！”

二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．A number of recent studies indicate that happiness is more easily attained(获得) after middle age.
2．Not all students are guaranteed(保证) jobs when they graduate from college under the present economic situation.
3．Shops were crowded(拥挤的) with customers looking over the colourful displays.
4．In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile(摞) of books on it.
5．With the audience staring at her, the little girl felt nervous on the stage(舞台)．
6．(全国卷Ⅰ)When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst(burst) into tears.
7．In spite of many invitations(invite), he would always decline to visit Oxford.
8．It will make me crazy when getting teased(tease) by other people.
9．Operate the electrical appliance following the instructions(instruct) attached in the box, or you’ll be at risk.
10．There were varieties(vary) of flowers in the park and many people went to have a look at weekends.Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The performers from the U．S.A. performed very well at the concert and their performances were well received.(perform)
2．To the audience’s amusement,_the actor’s amusing performance really amused them and they all felt amused．(amuse)
3．To my surprise, I invited him to dine, but he declined my invitation with thanks.(invite)
4．There are various goods in the supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars.The variety attracts many customers.(vary)
5．Tony, our teacher will not tolerate your bad behaviour in class.Please behave yourself! Or you’ll be punished.(behave)
6．Nearly 60 participants from Beijing and neighboring areas participated in the competition.(participate)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
drive away; make fun of; pass away; have affection for; come up with
Most Chinese prefer to watch the Spring Festival Gala. A famous director was in charge of it this year.He 1.came_up_with a lot of good ideas to make it interesting to watch.Many famous performers were invited and a variety of programmes were put on the stage. Maybe most middleaged and old people 2.have_affection_for crosstalk. Ma Sanli, who has 3.passed_away,_is one of the famous crosstalk performers. Crosstalk performers often amuse the audience by 4.making_fun_of each other, which helps 5.drive_away the feelings of sadness. And we often burst into laughter when watching crosstalk.
take on; depend on; a variety of; make up; be popular with
Since reform and openingup, 6.a_variety_of changes have taken place in this village. Nowadays, the village is developing rural tourism, which 7.is_popular_with people all over the country, and is 8.taking_on a new look. At present, tourists 9.make_up nearly one third of the village population. At the same time, many villagers 10.depend_on rural tourism to become rich.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．你认为在你的龙舟赛队里，谁是最好的运动员？
Who_do_you_think_is_the_best_player in your Dragon Boat race team?
2．许多无法适应气候突变的动物和植物都灭绝了。恐龙就是这样的一个例子。
Many animals and plants, which couldn’t adapt to the sudden change of the climate, died out.Dinosaurs are one_such_example．
3．简找回了丢失的钱包，这看起来很幸运。
It_seems_lucky_that Jane has recovered her lost wallet.
[学生用书P142]

various　adj.不同的；各种各样的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various(vary) activities on Earth Day.
②The research team is made up of pupils, whose ages vary from 10 to 15.
[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级
③(普通表达)Our school has built a new stadium. It has all kinds of wellequipped facilities.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
(高级表达)Our school has built a new stadium, which_has_various/varieties_of/a_variety_of_wellequipped_facilities．
(定语从句)

(1)for various reasons　　由于种种原因
(2)variety n. 变化；多样性；种类
a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的
all kinds of 各种各样的
(3)vary vt.& vi. 改变；变化
vary from...to... 从……到……不等；
在……到……之间变动　
[佳句背诵] Students should take an active part in various community activities.
学生们应该积极参加各种各样的社区活动。
behave　vt.& vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Personally, it is completely wrong of him to behave towards/to others and life with such an attitude.
②Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and behave themselves(they)．
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)就我个人而言，我们大家都应该注意在公共场所的举止。
As far as I’m concerned, all of us should mind_our_behaviour_in_public_places．

(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.
　　　　　　　　对待某人好/差
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
(2)behavio(u)r n. 举止；行为　
[佳句背诵] Meanwhile, it is necessary for the government to encourage people to behave properly in public places.
与此同时，政府有必要鼓励人们在公共场所的行为举止要适当。
perform　v．履行，执行；做；演出，表演，演奏；(机器) 运转；(人) 行动，表现
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.Personally, performing(perform) an experiment calls for devotion and carefulness.
b．(安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to_perform(perform) his duty.
c．No matter how frequently performed(perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
②(2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members has given ten performances(perform) in the last three months.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)The_performer_performed_very_well(这个表演者表演得很好)
on the stage. Her performance was popular with the audience.
④(高级表达)The_performer_performed_very_well_on_the_stage,_whose_performance_was_popular_with_the_audience.(非限制性定语从句)

(1)performance n．　　　　演出；履行；表现
put on/give a performance 演出
(2)performer n. 演出者；表演者
[佳句背诵] As a senior high student, everyone should perform well in school. 　作为一名高中学生，每个人在学校里都应该好好表现。
[词块助记] perform an operation　进行手术
perform one’s duty　　　　　尽某人的责任
perform one’s promise 履行某人的承诺
perform a task 执行任务
perform magic tricks 表演魔术
perform well in the exam 在考试中考得好
amuse　vt.逗笑；逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused(amuse) with her stories.
②We were all amused by his foolish behaviour.
③However amusing(amuse) the story is, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.
④To our amusement(amuse), the boy acted an old woman.
[能力提升]——完成句子
他周末常在简朴的家里拉小提琴消遣。
⑤He often amuses_himself_by playing the violin in his simple home at weekends.(amuse)

(1)amuse sb.by/with sth. 用某事逗某人开心
(2)amused adj. 被逗笑的，愉快的
be amused at/by... 被……逗乐，以……为乐
be amused to do... 做……取乐
(3)amusing adj.　有趣的，好玩的，逗人笑的
(4)amusement n. 消遣，娱乐
to one’s amusement 令某人开心的是
[佳句背诵] I was not at all amused to find they had eaten all the cakes.
发现他们把蛋糕全吃光了，我一点也不觉得好笑。
participate　vi.参与；参加
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Having_participated(participate) in several similar activities before, I know well how to handle emergencies.
②(江苏卷)Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation(participate) rules for people to obey.
③I am a cooperative participant(participate) in the social groups I belong to.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)Those who want to join in the contest are supposed to sign up before May 20th.
(高级表达)Those who want to participate_in the contest are supposed to sign up before May 20th.

(1)participate in　　　　参加
(2)participant n. 参加者
participation n. 参与；参加；分享
　
[佳句背诵] Besides，our school set up a volleyball team and a basketball team.Both teams train for two hours a day and participate in competitions regularly.　此外，我们学校组建了排球队和篮球队。两个队每天训练两个小时并定期参加比赛。(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
[联想发散] “参加”荟萃：
①take_part_in；②join_in；
③compete_in；④participate_in．
guarantee　vt.保证；担保　n．保证；保修；担保；抵押品
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.I guarantee to_pay(pay) off my debts on time, no matter what happens.
b．We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee us to_succeed(succeed) in the end.
②The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still under guarantee.
[能力提升]——一句多译
抓住这个机会吧，我保证你不会后悔的。
③Take this opportunity, and I guarantee_that_you_won’t_regret_it．(guarantee v．)
④Take this opportunity, and I give_you_a_guarantee_that_you_won’t_regret_it．(guarantee n．)

(1)guarantee sb. sth./guarantee sth.to sb.
　　　　　　　向某人保证某事
guarantee to do/that... 保证做……；确保……
(2)under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb. a guarantee (that)．..
向某人保证……　
[佳句背诵] Working hard is not only a guarantee of success, but it is also among the essential requirements.
努力工作不仅是成功的保证，而且是成功必不可少的要求之一。
instruct　vt.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①They instructed him that he should_leave (leave) the country at once.
②Always read the instructions (instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
③The judge immediately instructed that all the fishermen (should)_be_set (set) free.
④(天津卷)As scheduled, we took part in several instructive(instruct) activities.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤那封信指示他立即向总部汇报。
The letter instructed_him_to_report to headquarters immediately.

(1)instruct sb.to do sth. 　　指导某人做某事
instruct sb.in sth. 指导某人某事
instruct sb.that... 通知/命令某人……
(2)instruction
obey/follow instructions 遵从指令/指示
(3)instructive adj.　有教育意义的，有启发性的
instructor n．　　　　　　教员；教练；指导员　
[佳句背诵] The old teachers instruct the young teachers not only in words but also by deeds.
这些老教师对年轻的教师言传身教。
burst　vi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发　n．突然破裂；爆发
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils burst in．
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。
③(普通表达)When she saw her classmates burst_into_laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_into_tears.
④(高级表达)Seeing_her_classmates_burst_out_laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_out_crying．(burst out；分词作状语)

(1)突然哭起来/笑起来
(2)burst in/into　　　闯入，突然破门而入
(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒
(4)a burst of 一阵
[佳句背诵] When the professor entered the lecture hall, there was a burst of applause.
当教授走进演讲大厅时，突然爆发出一阵掌声。
[名师点津]
(1)burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；
(2)burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。
come up with　赶上；提出，想出或找到(答案、想法等)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.
②(2017·浙江卷)Unfortunately, on the way an unpleasant subject came up and they started to quarrel.
③I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级
④(普通表达)The project was raised at the meeting yesterday, and it attracted many people’s attention.
(高级表达)The_project_came_up/was_come_up_with_at_the_meeting_yesterday,_attracting_many_people’s_attention.(分词作状语)

come about　　　　　产生；发生
come across 偶遇；偶然发现
come on 来吧；赶快；加油　
come to　　　　　　　　加起来总共；苏醒
come up 走近；上升；被提出
come up with 想出；提出
when it comes to... 涉及；谈到
[名师点津] come up的主语是物，表示“(计划、建议、议题等)被提出”，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；而come up with主语是人或团体组织，表示“(某人)提出”，为及物动词短语。
take on　接纳；雇用；承担；呈现
[一词多义]——写出下列句中take on的含义
①Now the countryside is taking on a new look day by day.呈现
②He is willing to take on the responsibility for what he did.承担
③Our factory will take on twenty more workers next month.雇用
[基础练习]——用take的相关短语填空
④When Mr.Green retired, his son took_over the business from him.
⑤The small village has taken_on a new look since the kindhearted photographer came into it.
⑥Hurry up! The plane is taking_off in ten minutes.
⑦I listened to the speech carefully, but I still couldn’t take_in．

take away 拿走，夺走
take back 收回(说错的话)
take down 取下；记下；拆卸
take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；改小
take over 接收；接管；取代
take up 占用；占据；开始从事
take off 起飞
[佳句背诵] ①His secretary will have to take on most of his work while he’s gone.
他的秘书会在他不在的时候接手他大部分的工作。
②I won’t take up any more of your time.
我不再占用你的时间了。
hold out　递出；拿出；伸出；坚持；维持；坚守，守住
[一词多义]——写出下列句中hold out的含义
①He walked to her and held out a small bunch of wild flowers.递出；拿出
②They held out the hand of friendship to me.伸出
③We must hold out.We mustn’t be frightened by the difficulties.坚持
④Do you know how long our supply of gas will hold out？维持
[能力提升]——完成句子
我希望这种好天气能再持续一个星期。
⑤I hope this good weather will hold_out for another week.

hold back　　隐瞒；退缩；阻止；抑制
hold on 别挂断；等一等；坚持
hold on to 坚守；保留(房屋、财产等)；抓住
hold up 举起，拿起；支撑；拦住，耽搁　
[佳句背诵] ①They’ll have to give in—they can’t hold out forever.
他们将不得不投降，他们不可能永远守得住。
②Will you have the courage to hold on to your beliefs in the face of strong opposition？　面对强烈的反对意见，你会有勇气坚持自己的信念吗？

“数词/不定代词＋such＋名词”结构
(教材P2)One such person is Billy Crystal.
比利·克里斯托就是这样的一个人。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①They are such interesting(interest) novels that I want to read them once again.
②He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③刘洋被北京大学录取，然而我却没这么幸运。
Liu Yang was admitted to Beijing University, while I had no_such_luck．
④像你给我看的这样的书是很难理解的。
Such_a_book_as you showed me is difficult to understand.
⑤世界上绝没有无缘无故的爱，也没有无缘无故的恨。
There is no_such_thing in the world as love or hate without cause or reason.

此处为数词或不定代词no/some/any＋such＋名词结构。
(1)such＋＋that结果状语从句　
(2)such...as...像……这样的……，as在句中引导定语从句。
(3)“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a(n) ＋单数名词”。
[名师点津] 比较下列句子，注意连接词的作用：
A：This is such a difficult problem as all of us can’t work out. (as引导定语从句)
B：This is such a difficult problem that all of us can’t work it out. (that引导结果状语从句)
“It seems (＋adj.)＋that...”句型
(教材P3)He said, “It seems appropriate that he got his start in silent films！”
他说：“看来他不愧是从无声电影起家的呀！”
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It has been windy for a little while and there seems(seem) to be raining shortly.
②The young man seemed to_have_changed(change) much.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③The man over there seems to be a new teacher.
→It_seems_that the man over there is a new teacher.

(1)“It seems (＋adj.)＋that...”为主从复合句，It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语，seems为系动词，意为“似乎，好像”。
(2)“主语＋seem (＋to be)＋表语”，表语多为名词或形容词，有时是其他的词或短语，以说明主语的特征或状态。
(3)“主语＋seem＋不定式”，此句型中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。
(4)“There＋seem(s) to be＋名词”，其中to be可省略。seem的单复数形式要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数而定。　
[学生用书P146]

维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．The children will not be allowed to sit at the table if they don’t behave themselves(they)．
2．He suggested that management (should)_be_strengthened (strengthen) to promote the process of the project.
3．It’s time that some of these old apartment blocks were_torn/should_be_torn (tear) down.
4．When he told me the joke I couldn’t help but burst out laughing(laugh)．
5．These data have been collected from various(vary) sources.
维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．Most children at school hope that they can participate in activities after class instead of just doing their homework.
2．When he first got to the city, he was often made fun of for his strong accent.
3．It’s too crowded here.Please step aside a little to make room for me.
4．(天津卷)There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I’ll take on the burden.
5．These days there is no such thing as a job for life.
维度三　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2017·江苏卷)This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new！保证
2．The teacher’s tricks are a source of amusement to the children in the kindergarten.娱乐
3．The experiment performed in the 1990s showed that many plants tolerate a wide range of light conditions.做
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. 提出
维度四　易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．I didn’t find the story amused; in fact, I thought it was rather boring.amused→amusing
2．At the terrible news, the little girl burst out tears.
out→into或tears→crying
3．We went to Disneyland Park last week and we all had a fun.删除a
4．One so person is my father, a simple and modest man.
so→such
5．There are the variety of animals and plants in the world, but for various reasons, some of them are dying out.
第一个the→a
6．I will guarantee to trying my best to do the work well.
trying→try
7．Don’t glare me like that; you deserved scolding.
在glare后加at
8．Whoever can come up the answer to the question in a few minutes is allowed to leave.
在up后加with
维度五　完成句子
1．网上购物似乎更方便。
It_seems_more_convenient that we purchase online.
2．不管天气怎样，这对新婚夫妇都想在那个美丽的岛屿上度蜜月。
Whatever_the_weather_is_like,_the new couple would like to spend their honeymoon on the beautiful island.
3．他失败的原因是他太依赖别人了。
The reason why_he_failed_is_that he depends on others too much.
4．她虽然是个可爱的姑娘，但有时很难与她共事。
While_she_is_a_lovely_girl,_she can be extremely difficult to work with.
5．他垂着头，好像被人批评了一顿。
He dropped his head as_if_scolded_by_someone．

提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
As senior school students, we are expected to focus on studies. 1.It seems that our school life is a little boring. In order to enrich our school lives and provide a chance for us to relax, we have invited a play group to offer us a wonderful 2.performance(perform). Also 3.varieties(vary) of interesting activities, which may be really 4.amusing(amuse), will be held then. 5.Such a chance is precious, therefore, we welcome your 6.participation(participate). 7.To_guarantee(guarantee) a harmonious night, I request those present behave 8.themselves(them). They are supposed to follow our 9.instructions(instruct)．
10．Once you come here, you will have great fun. Waiting for your coming.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我们都喜欢有幽默感的人，我的同桌杰克就是这样一个人。
We all have_affection_for people with a sense of humour, and one_such_person is my deskmate—Jack.
②他总是编造各种笑话，逗得大家笑起来。
He is always making up a_variety_of_jokes which make everyone laugh.
③昨天他想出一个有趣的故事来取笑我，这使得我突然大哭。
Yesterday, he came_up_with an amusing story to tease me. It caused me to burst_into_tears．
④我们老师多次要求他好好表现，不应嘲笑别人。
Many times our teacher instructed him to behave well and not to make_fun_of others.
⑤他后悔了，因此向我道歉并保证以后不再这样做了。
He regretted having done that, so he said sorry to me, guaranteeing_that_he_would_never_do_that_again．
2．升级平淡句
⑥用非限制性定语从句升级句③
Yesterday,_he_came_up_with_an_amusing_story_to_tease_me,_which_caused_me_to_burst_into_tears.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：then)
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One possible version：
We all have affection for people with a sense of humour, and one such person is my deskmate—Jack.He is always making up a variety of jokes which make everyone laugh.Yesterday, he came up with an amusing story to tease me, which caused me to burst into tears.Many times our teacher instructed him to behave well and not to make fun of others.Then he regretted having done that.So he said sorry to me, guaranteeing that he would never do that again.

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形
[学生用书P359(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·池州重点高中摸底)The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.
Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is. You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.
Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told of the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive(认知的) falling.
Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍给人们的健康带来的好处。
1．What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Playing an important role.
B．Keeping people in high spirits.
C．Quickly influencing other people.
D．Preventing illness from spreading.
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第四句“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.”可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人们也会更加快乐。故infectious的意思为“迅速影响其他人”。
2．What can laughter increase according to the author?
A．Cognitive ability.
B．Good relationships.
C．A sense of humor.
D．Happiness and trust.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness...and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。
3．What does the author think the old should do?
A．They should have a good rest.
B．They should play like children.
C．They should prevent cognitive falling.
D．They should take part in physical play.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与身体活动。
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Humor, Laughter and Play for Health
B．Always Keep Our Body Healthy
C．Have an Active and Happy Life
D．Let Our Body and Mind Relax
A　解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段“Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.”可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。
B
(2020·石家庄重点高中摸底)I can proudly say that last year I broke the record for the oldest person in the world to ride a roller coaster. I’m 105, but I feel younger. Even the doctor agrees I’m in good condition. I’m a bit deaf and my legs feel weak, but they are the only issue.
I rode the Twistosaurus at Flamingo Land, which spins you round quite fast. I didn’t choose to go on that. I’d have preferred a really fast one that went upside down. But I was told I couldn’t ride something like that, because it would affect my blood pressure and I might have some danger.
I wasn’t nervous—I don’t get frightened of anything. I was securely fastened, so I knew I wouldn’t fall out. The roller coaster ride went on for three or four minutes, and it couldn’t be a better experience. And I raised a lot of money for the Derbyshire, Leicestershire & Rutland Air Ambulance fund, which was fantastic.
People were saying I’d got a place in the Guinness World Records. Later, someone came to present me with the certificate. I had it on the wall in my living room, with another one I got a year earlier.
My recordbreaking ways really began a couple of years ago, with the ice bucket challenge. It turned out that I was probably the oldest person in the world to do it, and the video was very popular. After that, I started to think about what else I could do to raise money for different charities.
I’m not sure if anyone admires all the fun I’m having. They just say I’m daft and that’s about it. But I’ve had many good days and many exciting times. I’ve had a really good life. I don’t think I’ve wasted any of it.
【解题导语】　本文讲述了世界上玩过山车年龄最大的老人的经历。他已经105岁，获得了吉尼斯世界纪录证书；此外，他还参加过“冰桶挑战”，为慈善组织募捐。他认为自己没有浪费人生，过得很充实。
5．Why didn’t the author choose to go on riding the Twistosaurus?
A．Because he was told not to do so.
B．Because he considered it too gentle.
C．Because he thought it spun too fast.
D．Because he was in a bad physical condition.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I didn’t choose to go on that. I’d have preferred a really fast one that went upside down.”可知，作者没有选择坐Twistosaurus，是因为他想要坐真正的快速翻转的过山车，即他认为Twistosaurus太过平缓，故B项正确。
6．How did the author most probably react while riding the roller coaster?
A．He really enjoyed himself.
B．He was very worried at first.
C．He couldn’t think much about it.
D．He got frightened as it started moving.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The roller coaster ride went on for three or four minutes, and it couldn’t be a better experience.”可知，乘坐过山车持续三到四分钟，作者认为这是一次再好不过的经历了。据此可推知，作者在坐过山车时很享受，故A项正确。
7．What do you know about the author from paragraph 4?
A．He was eager to get certificates.
B．He disliked showing off his success.
C．He was the oldest person in the world.
D．He set a record the year before last year.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“last year”和第四段的内容，尤其是尾句“I had it on the wall in my living room, with another one I got a year earlier.”可知，去年作者把这张吉尼斯世界纪录证书挂在客厅的墙上，还有一张是一年前挂的。据此可知，作者在前年也创造了一项纪录。
8．Which word can best describe the author?
A．Cooperative.　　　　　　 B．Optimistic.
C．Generous. D．Intelligent.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But I’ve had many good days and many exciting times. I’ve had a really good life. I don’t think I’ve wasted any of it.”并结合文章描述的作者105岁还创造吉尼斯世界纪录可知，作者认为自己有过许多美好的日子和许多激动人心的时刻，他过得很好，没有浪费人生；据此可推知，作者是一个乐观的人，故B项正确。
完形填空
(2020·江西重点中学协作体联考)I got on the bus to go to school as normally do. Today, however, was quite __1__．As we approached the next stop, a little girl got on.She __2__ her wallet to find the $2 to pay the driver, but I could __3__ by her expression that she didn’t have the correct __4__. Therefore, I stood up, took out $2 from my wallet, and paid __5__ the girl.Then I walked back and sat down.The girl __6__ me, sitting down next to me.She said “thank you” in a sweet little voice and we began to chat.I found out that she was trying to get to State Street.
I felt __7__ to think about a girl in such a young age __8__ around in the city with no money or guardian.When my __9__ approached, I instructed her to get off with me and she agreed.As we got to the __10__， the little girl took my hand, and I __11__ her across the street to safety. __12__， I had some spare time, so I __13__ the girl to State Street, gave her $5, told her how to get home, and said goodbye.
As I __14__ out my hand to shake, she ran to me and gave me the biggest and __15__ hug.We waved each other goodbye and she looked at me with the sweetest blue eyes, and then she skipped away __16__ the street.
Although my new friend, Emily, was just a 9yearold girl, she gave me __17__ that will take her many years to understand.As we hugged, none of us said a word; __18__ , I knew that our hearts had met and a __19__ was made.No age can limit the __20__ of one’s heart or the love that they can give.
【解题导语】　作者热心帮助了一个在公交车上遇到的小女孩，小女孩给了他大大的拥抱。作者感悟到任何年龄都不能限制一个人内心的力量或他们所能给予的爱。
1．A.frightening　　　　　　　 B．disappointing
C．different D．crazy
C　解析：根据句中however表示转折可知今天与以往不同，下文叙述了事情经过。故选C项。frightening令人恐惧的；disappointing令人失望的；different不同的；crazy疯狂的。
2．A.observed B．touched
C．presented D．searched
D　解析：根据空后“her wallet to find the $2”可知女孩上车后从钱包里找钱付车费，根据当时情境可知选D项。 observe观察；touch触摸；present提出；search寻找。
3．A.tell B．hear
C．imagine D．base
A　解析：女孩的表情告诉“我”她没有正好的钱付车费，指从她的表情看出。故选A项。
4．A.ticket B．access
C．permit D．fare
D　解析：此处指女孩没有正好的钱付车费，指车费。故选 D项。
5．A.for B．off
C．back D．to
A　解析：pay for sb.指为某人付款，此处指“我”为女孩付了车费。故选A项。
6．A.followed B．pushed
C．noticed D．excused
A　解析：“我”为女孩付车费后，女孩跟随“我”，然后坐在了“我”旁边表示感谢。故选A项。
7．A.tired B．bored
C．troubled D．inspired
C　解析：根据句中“around in the city with no money or guardian”可知作者对这个小女孩没有钱和监护人自己在城市坐车感到不安，根据常识选C项。tired疲倦的；bored无聊的；troubled不安的；inspired能力卓越的。
8．A.chatting B．looking
C．playing D．wandering
D　解析：此处指女孩自己在城市里坐车闲逛，wander around徘徊，闲逛。故选D项。
9．A.company B．store
C．center D．stop
D　解析：根据下句“get off with me”可知是作者到站了。故选D项。
10．A.corner B．crossroads
C．destination D．shop
B　解析：根据“across the street to safety”可知他们走到十字路口过马路。故选B项。
11．A.made B．hurried
C．led D．freed
C　解析：此处指作者带领小女孩安全过马路，故选C项。
12．A.Usually B．Luckily
C．Generally D．Personally
B　解析：幸好“我”有些空闲时间，所以“我”陪伴小女孩去她的目的地，表示“幸运的是”。故选B项。
13．A.accompanied B．treated
C．invited D．instructed
A　解析：此处表示“我”有时间，所以陪伴女孩去她的目的地，指陪伴女孩。故选A项。
14．A.pulled B．carried
C．made D．held
D　解析：此处指“我”伸出手和女孩握手，hold out伸出。故选D项。
15．A.toughest B．tightest
C．softest D．strongest
B　解析：女孩跑过来给了“我”一个最大最紧的拥抱，指紧紧的拥抱。故选B项。
16．A.across B．over
C．off D．down
D　解析：此处指女孩沿着街连蹦带跳地走了，down the street沿着大街。故选D项。
17．A.something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything
A　解析：这个9岁的女孩给了“我”她多年之后才会明白的东西，用于肯定句。故选A项。
18．A.otherwise B．however
C．besides D．therefore
B　解析：“我们”拥抱时谁都没说话，然而“我”知道“我们”的心相遇而且还建立了一种联系，表示转折。故选B项。
19．A.connection B．contribution
C．conclusion D．decision
A　解析：此处指“我”和小女孩之间建立了一种联系。connection联系，关系；contribution贡献；conclusion结论；decision决定。故选A项。
20．A.strength B．power
C．force D．energy
A　解析：任何年龄都不能限制一个人内心的力量或他们所能给予的爱，指内心的力量。故选A项。 strength力量；power权力；force武力；energy能量。
课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
[学生用书P361(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·滁州高三联考)Laura Sides was a psychology major at the University of Nottingham in 2004. She first noticed signs of her dad’s developing dementia(痴呆) when she moved to Nottingham. She said, “Dad was a doctor, so he knew exactly what was happening to him, but people try to hide it when they are ill. Then, I came home for my 21st birthday and arranged to meet him, but he never showed up as he’d forgotten. That’s when I knew something serious was happening.”
So, aged 21, she decided to leave university and look after him herself. She lived close by, popping in every day to make sure he was eating, and that the house was tidy, before heading off to her work.
Besides challenging moments, there were times when looking after her dad was a pure joy. “We’d wake up. I’d ask him what he wanted to do that day, and however ridiculous the adventure, off we’d go.”
Sadly, in 2009, 5 years later, Laura lost her father. Before he died, Laura went to a hospital appointment with him, where doctors mentioned that his form of Alzheimer’s was genetic, meaning there was a fiftyfifty chance that she had inherited it. For several years Laura agonised over whether to be tested, finally finding out in August 2017 that she has the APP gene, meaning that, like him, she will develop the condition within a decade.
At first, she struggled, feeling as if she lacked purpose. Then, during a sleepless night in the summer of 2018, she decided at around 2 a．m. to enter the 2019 London Marathon sponsored by the charities Alzheimer’s Society and Alzheimer’s Research U．K.
She hoped to start the conversation around earlyonset Alzheimer’s and to encourage people to talk about it more openly. “I remember when Dad was ill, people wouldn’t know how to react and it all felt very hidden away, but I want to be honest and open.” She added, “The more information we can get, the less of a taboo(忌讳) this will feel. That said, the support I’ve received so far after going public has been amazing—that’s what is carrying me through.”
【解题导语】　Laura Sides在读大学期间，父亲患上了阿尔茨海默病，她休学悉心照料父亲直到他去世；后来她被医生告知自己在十年后也会患上同样的病。短暂的痛苦之后，她便振作了起来，积极面对生活，参加马拉松比赛，并且进行阿尔茨海默病方面的公开演讲，鼓励人们公开谈论这种病，而不是回避它。
1．Laura noticed her father’s dementia when ________.
A．her father told her his condition in person
B．people nearby informed her of her father’s condition
C．her father forgot his own birthday party
D．her father forgot to attend her 21yearold birthday party
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Then, I came home for my 21st birthday...That’s when I knew something serious was happening.”可知，Laura的父亲忘记参加女儿的21岁生日会，在那时Laura意识到父亲已患病，故选D。
2．The underlined word “agonised” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．excited　　　　　　　 B．struggled
C．shocked D．delighted
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据上文中的“there was a fiftyfifty chance that she had inherited it”可知，医生告知Laura，她有百分之五十的患病概率，并结合画线词所在句中的“whether to be tested”可知，此处表示Laura多年来苦苦思索是否去检查一下，与B项词义接近。
3．Laura started the open talk in the hope of ________.
A．getting people to talk about Alzheimer’s openly
B．earning some money to help treat her Alzheimer’s
C．making herself stronger to fight against Alzheimer’s
D．raising funds for charities Alzheimer’s Society and Alzheimer’s Research U．K.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词open talk定位到文章的最后一段。根据该段首句“She hoped to start the conversation around earlyonset Alzheimer’s and to encourage people to talk about it more openly.”可知，作者公开谈论阿尔茨海默病是为了鼓励人们公开谈论此病，故选A。
4．Which words can best describe Laura?
A．Caring and positive. B．Careful and honest.
C．Patient and cautious. D．Devoted and modest.
A　解析：推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，Laura在得知父亲患阿尔茨海默病后休学来悉心照料他直至他去世，后来得知自己也会得阿尔茨海默病后，挣扎后便振作起来，先是决定参加马拉松比赛，接着针对这种病进行公开演讲，鼓励人们更加公开地谈论它，而不是回避它。由此可知，作者是一个关心他人且积极向上的人，故选A。
B
(2020·太原一模)New Haven, Connecticut—A surprise awaited students in Yale who showed up for Professor Laurie Santos’s class. They got slips of paper that said, “No class today.” There was only one rule for the students’ unexpected free time—They were not allowed to study, but to relax. Since exams and papers were coming up, everyone was tired and stressed. At this moment they were touched. With around applause, nine students hugged Santos, and two burst into tears.
Yet, cancelling class was not just a break. It was also a challenge, as she was asking them to stop worrying about their grades, even if it was just an hour. One student went to the Yale University Art Gallery for the first time in her four years at Yale. A group of students went to a recording studio and played a new song. More people were outside, and more were smiling. That’s why about 1，200 students were taking Santos’s class, called “Psychology and the Good Life”， the largest class in Yale’s 317year history. Even nonYale students had the chance to take Santos’s class. It was offered as an online course and she immediately became an Internet hit.
Skyler Robinson, one of her students, was at a loss for a while about what to do during his break, and then decided to take a nap. “It was a great nap，” he commented. Santos designed the class after she realized that her students kept busy through long days that seemed far more depressing and joyless than her own college years. “They feel they’re in this crazy rat race. They’re working so hard that they can’t take a single hour off. That’s awful.”
The ideas behind the class are simple. Santos said, “It is the hope that science can help students find peace among all the stresses and difficulties they face at college.” The lessons include showing more gratitude, performing acts of kindness and increasing social connections. The students really wanted to learn to lead a happy life in a sciencedriven way. Santos also noted the psychological happening of “miswanting”， which led people to work towards the wrong goals in life.
One week, Santos asked students to exercise. Another week, she wanted them to get more sleep. They worked hard to keep some new habits. Social science research led to many new understandings of how people find happiness. She thinks her class can change Yale, or rather, not just Yale.
【解题导语】　耶鲁大学心理学教授Laurie Santos取消课程，让学生去放松。她这样做是希望科学能帮助学生在大学里面对压力和困难时找到平静。
5．How did students respond to the cancelling class?
A．They expressed their concern.
B．They were at a loss what to do.
C．They showed gratitude to the teacher.
D．They were eager to study individually.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At this moment they were touched. With around applause, nine students hugged Santos, and two burst into tears.”可知，学生得知取消课程这一消息后，非常感动，并且对老师表达了感激之情。故选C。
6．How can we know Santos’s class was popular?
A．From the attendance in her class.
B．From the subject she taught.
C．From the long history of Yale.
D．From the release of the online course.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That’s why about 1，200 students were taking Santos’s class...the largest class in Yale’s 317year history.”可知，Santos的这门课是耶鲁大学有史以来出勤人数最多的一门课，由此可知她的课程非常受欢迎。故选A。
7．What can students learn from Santos’s class?
A．To develop good study habits.
B．To let exercise become their routine.
C．To better understand how to find happiness.
D．To do something joyful during the stressful time.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The students really wanted to learn to lead a happy life in a sciencedriven way.”和第五段中的“Social science research led to many new understandings of how people find happiness.”可推知，Santos的课程可以教学生们更好地理解如何寻找快乐。故选C。
8．What can we infer from the text?
A．Santos had a more stressful time in her college.
B．Students would be in rat race after Santos’s class.
C．Santos’s influence can reach a wider range of people.
D．Santos is going to cancel more classes for better effects.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“She thinks her class can change Yale, or rather, not just Yale.”并结合全文内容可知，Santos的课程不仅仅能影响耶鲁大学，也能在其他地方产生影响。故选C。
七选五
(2020·大连高三双基测试)Have you ever had times questioning yourself and feeling discouraged? If you answer yes, what you’ve experienced is negative selftalk. 1.________. You say to yourself untrue things like, “I’m not good enough. I’m a disappointment.” These false beliefs stop us in our tracks. So, how do you stop the negative selftalk?
•2.________
Know you’re special. You are “One of a kind！” There is no other person that thinks exactly like you. When you begin to sincerely believe how special you are, it’s easier to fight the negative selftalk.
•Change your associations
Your negative selftalk comes from your environment. You didn’t just accidentally wake up one day thinking of bad things about yourself. It may be because someone, somewhere in your life has told you negative things about you and whether you accept it or not, you believe them. However, if you surround yourself with the right people, they will build you up, inspire you and make you feel better. 3.________．
•Change your dialogue
Read and say all the wonderful things about yourself at least 5 times per day. Look at yourself in the mirror and say, “I am amazing！”4.________， and you’ll believe you are awesome pretty soon.
Of course, there are other things to stop negative selftalk. 5.________， but if you are determined to think positively in every situation, that will bring a positive change in your life.
A．Think the same way
B．Change is not easy
C．Change your position
D．It begins in your brain
E．Change your state of mind
F．You’ll seek out the right people to help change your thoughts
G．You’ll start to believe the great things they tell you little by little
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何停止消极的自我对话。
1．D　解析：空前一句是说如果你的答案是肯定的，那么你所经历的就是消极的自我对话。空后是说你对自己说一些不真实的情况，由此可推知，D项“它始于你的大脑”衔接上下文，符合语境。
2．E　解析：根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，空处为本段的小标题。本段内容都是在描述一个人好的心态的表现，故E项“改变你的心态”最能概括本段内容。
3．G　解析：根据空前一句“然而，如果你结交了正确的人，他们会让你振作起来，激励你，让你感觉更好”可知，G项“你会开始逐渐地相信他们告诉你的美好的事情”衔接上文，符合语境。
4．A　解析：空前一句是说看着镜子中的自己对自己说“我太棒了！”，空后是说你很快就会相信你很棒，由此可知A项符合语境。
5．B　解析：空后表示“但如果你决心在任何情况下都积极思考，这将给你的生活带来积极的改变”。其中but为表转折意义的提示词，故B项“改变并不容易”符合语境，衔接下文。
语法填空
(2020·安徽省示范高中模拟)Proper exercise is beneficial to our health. As the experts say, swimming is an excellent way to work your entire body. An hour of swimming 1.____________(burn) almost as many calories as running. There are a host of benefits you may gain from swimming 2.____________(regular)．
One of 3.____________ biggest benefits of swimming is that it truly works well from head to toe. It can not only increase your heart rate without 4.____________(stress) your body, but also build up your muscles and 5.____________(strong). Besides, swimming makes your heart and lung strong. It is so good for you that researchers say it may even reduce your risk of death. 6.____________(compare) with inactive people, 7.____________(swim) have about half the risk of death. Some other studies have shown that swimming may help lower blood pressure and control blood sugar.
The number of persons 8.____________ experience some level of insomnia(失眠症) is increasing, so this is excellent news—the researchers conclude that swimming is a potentially powerful way to relieve stress quickly and promote deeper sleep.
Swimming is safe for most people. As with any workout, there are certain risks associated with swimming. If you 9.____________(injure) or have certain medical conditions, be sure to check with your doctor before swimming. 10.____________ general, it’s a good idea to check with your doctor whenever you start a new exercise program.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。游泳运动和跑步燃烧的卡路里相当，经常游泳的人获益良多，如可以增加心率，增强肌肉和力量，并能让心肺功能增强。
1．burns　解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：游泳一小时几乎和跑步一小时燃烧的卡路里一样多。根据句意可知，此句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时；且此句主语为“An hour of swimming”，属于第三人称单数，故谓语动词用burns。
2．regularly　解析：考查副词。句意：经常游泳你将获益良多。空处修饰动名词“swimming”，故用其副词形式。
3．the　解析：考查冠词。根据空后的“biggest”可知，空处应用定冠词the。
4．stressing　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词“without”可知，空处应用动名词形式。此处是说，游泳可以让身体在不紧张的情况下提高心率。
5．strength　解析：考查名词。此处是说，游泳还可以增强肌肉和力量。根据空前的“your muscle”可知，空处用名词形式。
6．Compared　解析：考查非谓语动词。此句的主语和动词compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“与不活跃的人相比”，故用其过去分词形式。
7．swimmers　解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：与不活跃的人相比，游泳者只有大约一半的死亡风险。分析句子结构可知，空处为此句的主语，表示“游泳者”，故用其名词形式；且swimmer为可数名词，而此处表示群体，故用其复数形式。
8．who/that　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，空处应为引导词，在从句中作主语，先行词为persons，故用who/that引导此定语从句。
9．are injured　解析：考查被动语态。句意：如果你受伤或患某种疾病，在游泳前一定要咨询医生。分析句子结构可知，此句主语和动词injure之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
10．In　解析：考查固定搭配。in general为固定搭配，意为“总的来说，通常”。句意：通常，无论何时在开始新的锻炼项目之前，向医生核实一下是一个好方法。