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[学生用书P173]
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．drawback n． 缺点，缺陷；不利条件
2．tube n. 管子；管状物；伦敦地铁
3．wind vt.& vi. 上发条；缠绕；蜿蜒，曲折
4．digital adj. 数字信息系统的，数码的，数字式的
5．ample adj. 足够的，充足的，丰裕的
6．circumstance n. 条件，环境，状况
7．merely adv. 仅仅，只不过
8．sacrifice vt. 牺牲，献出
n. 牺牲，舍弃；祭品
9．stable adj. 稳定的；稳重的
10．scan vt.& vi. 浏览，粗略地读；审视，端详；扫描
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．principle n. 原理，法则；道德原则，
行为准则
2．delay vt.& vi. (使)推迟，延迟
n. 延误，延迟
3．eventually adv. 最后，终于
4．obvious adj. 显然的，显而易见的
5．typical adj. 平常的；典型的，
有代表性的；特有的
6．rid vt. 摆脱；去除；丢弃
7．elegant adj. (物品)雅致的，精美的；
(人或其举止)优雅的
8．foresee vt. 预料，预见，预知
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．construct vt.制造；修筑，建造→construction n．建筑
2．accessible adj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理解的→access n．通道，通路，入径；机会，权利
3．distribute vt.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销→distribution n．分布，分散；分发，分配，分销→distributor n．销售者；批发商；分销商
4．adaptation n．适应；改编本，改写本→adapt v．适应；改编
5．casual adj.非正式的，随便的；漫不经心的，不经意的→casually adv.随便地；偶然地；临时地
6．insurance n．保险；保障措施→insure vt.给……保险；确保
7．translation n．翻译；转化→translate vt.翻译；转化→translator n．翻译者，译员
8．vote vi.& vt.投票，选举，表决 n．选票；选举，表决→voter n．投票人；有选举权的人
9．reject vt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用→rejection n．拒绝
10．tight adj.亲密的，紧密的；紧的；紧身的；严密的→tightly adv.紧紧地；坚固地
11．oppose vt.反对，抵制，阻挠；与……竞争→opposed adj.相反的，反对的
12．suitable adj.合适的，适当的→suit v．适合；使适应
1.不可忽视的“状况；情况”
①circumstance
②condition
③state
④situation
⑤status
2.“最后，终于”集汇
①eventually
②finally
③lastly
④at last
⑤end up
⑥in the end
3.不同的“分”法
①distribute 分配；散布；分发
②divide 分；划分；分离
③assign 分派；选派；分配
④allocate 分配；分派
4．“合适的；适当的”种种表达
①suitable ②appropriate
③proper ④fit
5.“品质”荟萃
①elegant 高雅的
②mature 成熟的
③sensible 明智的
④diligent 勤奋的；用功的
⑤shallow 肤浅的
⑥kind 心善的，和蔼的
⑦unselfish 无私的
⑧patient 耐心的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．keep_in_touch_with 与……保持联系
2．wind_up 上发条
3．for_good_measure 额外，另外
4．rid...of... 使……免除……，使……
摆脱……
5．contribute_to 有助于；对……作出贡献
6．keep_pace_with 与……并驾齐驱；与……同步
7．on_sale 出售，上市；折价销售
8．have_access_to 有使用……的权利(机会)
9．answer_for 对……负责
10．adjust_to 适应
11．be_absorbed_in 全神贯注于
12．text_messages 短信
13．benefit_from 从……中受益
14．in_particular 特别地，尤其
15．be_shaped_like 形状像
16．focus_on 集中于
17．rely_on 依靠，依赖，相信，信赖
18．a_large_amount_of 许多
19．in_general 总的来说，一般而言
20．all_sorts_of/different_kinds_of
各种各样的，不同种类的
1.keep短语大团圆
①keep in touch with 与……保持联系
②keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱
③keep away (from) (使)避开；不接近
④keep off (使)避开；让开
⑤keep an eye on 照看；留意
⑥keep up with 跟上；不落后
2.for短语集训营
①for sale 出售
②for free 免费
③for sure 肯定地
④for good 永久地
⑤for instance/example 例如
⑥for good measure 额外
3.走进“v.＋from”家园
①date from 追溯到
②hear from 收到……的来信
③result from 由于，因为
④escape from 从……中逃脱
⑤benefit from 从……中受益
⑥take from 从……中摘取
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：it is not until...that...强调句型
John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928, but it_was_not_until_1938_that the first colour TV programme was broadcast. 1928年，约翰·罗杰·贝尔德制造出第一台彩色电视机，但是直到1938年，第一档彩色电视节目才被播放。
句型2：状语从句的省略结构：when＋过去分词
When_asked later what the call was about, your friend always answers，“Oh, nothing really.”
当随后被问到电话里讲的是什么时，你的朋友总是回答道，“噢，真的没什么。”
句型3：so＋...＋as to...
如此……以至于……(结果状语)
If the call was really about “nothing”， then why was it so_important_as_to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time？ 如果这个电话真的“没什么”，那么为什么它如此重要以至于打断你们的谈话并浪费你宝贵的时间呢？
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·江苏卷)Their Chinese peers in the typical(典型的) Chinese dress would be highly impressive.
2．Obviously(很显然), whether we will hold this sports meeting depends on the weather in the coming months.
3．(2017·江苏卷)When he began practicing, he took it very casually(随意地)．But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument.
4．(江苏卷)It makes no difference from ordinary voting(投票) events, in which candidates go around to seek supports.
5．Stick to your principles(原则) and tell him you won’t do it.
6．(2018·天津卷)Since you have just won the first prize in the Robotics Competition and have shown great talent in designing robots, you are the most suitable(suit) person.
7．He wondered how much money he could have saved in translation(translate) if he could have learnt English.
8．Absorbed(absorb) in a game, the boy didn’t realize it was dark outside.
9．If you don’t try, how do you know you’re going to be rejected(rejection)?
10．Two new motor roads have recently been opened, and several others are under construction(construct)．
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The Red Cross is distributing food and clothing to the refugees.The distribution of food and clothing makes them moved to tears.(distribute)
2．All members of the family but him are opposed to his moving to the countryside.The old man can’t bear anyone in the family to oppose him.(oppose)
3．The new bridge under construction is due to be completed next month.It is being constructed by some villagers nearby.(construct)
4．In the past, many women had no access to college education.College education wasn’t accessible to women until the 1920s.(access)
5．This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen and the adaptation is popular with people.(adapt)
6．This kind of accommodation suits you, because it offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the longstay students.(suit)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
pay attention to; answer for; face to face; keep in touch with; above all
Cellphones, from which people are benefiting, are playing a more and more important role in our daily life.As an old saying goes, each coin has two sides, and so do cellphones. On the one hand, it’s convenient for us to get the information we need over the Internet with cellphones.1.Above_all,_we can 2.keep_in_touch_with our families and friends whenever we want to and wherever we are.We needn’t talk 3.face_to_face. On the other hand, the overuse of cellphones should 4.answer_for the bad effects that cellphones have on our health. In conclusion, only by 5.paying_attention_to the drawbacks of cellphones and using cellphones properly can we enjoy the benefits they bring about.
in particular; contribute to; benefit from; keep pace with
We must 6.keep_pace_with the new development of modern scientific research because I think we can 7.benefit_from it. It can 8.contribute_to the development of new products in our company, 9.in_particular electronic products.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．有些东西，只有在你真正失去的时候才会意识到它对你来说有多重要。
It’s_not_until_you_really_lose_something_that you realize how important it means to you.
2．当被问及为何会迟到，他保持沉默。
When_asked_why_he_was_late,_he kept silent.
3．你怎么这么笨，竟相信他说的话？
How could you be so_stupid_as_to believe what he said?
[学生用书P176]
delay vt.& vi.(使)推迟，延迟 n．延误，延迟
[基础练习]——句型转换
①They didn’t publish the report until after the election.
→They delayed_publishing the report until after the election.
②We must rescue the workers in danger immediately.
→We must rescue the workers in danger without_delay．
[能力提升]——一句多译
由于天气糟糕，所有的航班被推迟了。
③All the flights were_delayed due to the bad weather.
④All the flights were_put_off due to the bad weather.
delay doing sth. 推迟做某事
without delay 毫不延迟地，立即
[佳句背诵] ①Having been delayed by heavy traffic, she found it impossible for her to arrive on time.
由于交通堵塞的耽搁，她觉得她不可能按时到达了。
②For some reason I want to delay my departure until June. 因为某方面的原因，我想把离开的日期延长至6月。
distribute vt.分配；分发；分布
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Then we distributed some presents such as books and school bags to/among them.
②The unfair distribution(distribute) of wealth has become a serious problem and the government has decided to take action to make it fairer.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2018·北京卷)我告诉那些国际学生，茶广泛分布在全国各地。
I told those international students that tea_is_widely_distributed_all_over_the_country．
(1)distribute...to... 把……分给……
distribute...among... 在……中分发……
(2)distribution n. 分配；分发；分布状态
[佳句背诵] They have contributed lots of food and clothes to that rural area and some volunteers helped to distribute them to those in need.
他们捐赠了大量的食物和衣服到农村地区，一些志愿者帮助把它们分发给那些需要的人。
obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It is obvious that the old method can not meet new requirements.
[能力提升]——一句多译
很显然，学生在把他们的睡眠循环调整到适应他们的日程表方面是糟糕的。
②Obviously,_students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
③It_is_obvious_that students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
(1)It’s obvious (to sb.) that...
(对某人来说)……是显而易见的
(2)obviously adv. 显然地，显而易见地
[佳句背诵] Our class also has problems of its own, of which the most obvious one is the students’ laziness. 我们班级也有它自己的问题，其中最明显的一个问题就是学生的懒散。(广东卷)
suitable adj.合适的，适当的[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I am good at spoken English; therefore, I hold the firm belief that I am suitable for the post.
②The young man isn’t suitable to_do(do) the job, because he has no patience.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(陕西卷)首先， 因为我英语口语流利，所以我认为我适合这项工作。
Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I am_suitable_for_this_job．
(1)be suitable for... 适合……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
(2)suit vt. 对……合适；合身，适合
n. 一套衣服，套装
suit sth.to sb./sth. 使某事/物适合于某人/物
(3)suited adj. 合适的；般配的
be suited to... 适合于……
[佳句背诵] As far as I’m concerned, this programme is not suitable for children.
就我个人而言，这个节目不适合儿童。
vote vi.& vt.投票；选举，表决 n．选票；选举，表决[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①People voted against Henry, who often tells lies.
②Our family vote to_turn(turn) to the lawyer for help.
③All of us vote for building more shelters for the homeless and the poor.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④董事长要我们对计划进行表决。
The chairman asked us to_vote_on/upon_the_plan．
(1)vote for/against... 投票赞成/反对……
vote on/upon... 就……表决
vote to do sth. 投票去做某事
(2)take/have a vote on 投票表决
[佳句背诵] As we can’t agree on this matter, let’s have a vote on it.
由于对于这个问题我们无法达成一致意见，那就投票表决吧。
reject vt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She rejected telling(tell) us the truth，which made us embarrassed.
②All our suggestions were_rejected(reject) out of hand.
③The rejection(reject) of the peace plan raises the threat of a more general war.
④I was given ten minutes to decide whether to_reject(reject) the offer or not.
(1)reject doing sth. 拒绝做某事
reject one’s suggestion/demand/offer
拒绝某人的建议/要求/帮助
(2)rejection n. 拒绝，拒收
[佳句背诵] I want to know why Tom rejected lending his car to me.
我想知道汤姆为什么拒绝把他的车借给我。
oppose vt.反对； 对抗，抗争
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Many residents opposed the government building(build) a chemical factory near the school.
②a.Opposed(oppose) to the plan of raising prices, they decided not to carry it out.
b．Opposing(oppose) the plan of raising prices, they decided not to carry it out.
③(2019·浙江卷6月)Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite(oppose) effect.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达)The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people opposed_it/were_opposed_to_it(反对它)．
⑤(高级表达)With_a_lot_of_people_opposed_to/opposing_the_new_proposal,_the government postponed it.(with复合结构)
(1)oppose doing sth. 反对做某事
oppose sb./sb.’s doing sth.反对某人做某事
(2)opposed adj. 反对的，对抗的，敌对的
be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事
(3)opposite adj. 相反的，对面的
prep. 在……对面
[佳句背诵]
To be frank, in common with Helen, I strongly oppose/am strongly opposed to the proposal.
坦率地说，与海伦一样，我坚决反对这个建议。
[名师点津]
oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，后面要用动名词形式。在be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后要用动词ing形式。
typical adj.平常的；典型的，有代表性的；特有的
[基础练习]——单句改错
①This painting is typical for the Impressionist Movement.for→of
②The first two children in a family are typical more different from each other than the third.typical→typically
③The typically American will spend about 15% of his or her lifetime working at the office.typically→typical
[能力提升]——完成句子
④杰克又迟到了。让别人等是他的一贯风格。
Jack is late again. It_is_typical_of_him to keep others waiting.
(1)be typical of 是……的特点
It is typical of sb.to do sth. 某人一向做某事
(2)typically adv. 典型地
[佳句背诵] We want to know about their origins, typical food Americans eat during the festivals and how Americans celebrate them. 我们想知道它们(节日)的起源，节日期间美国人常吃的食物以及美国人是如何庆祝节日的。(全国卷Ⅰ)
keep in touch (with) (与……)保持联系
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(湖南卷)Keeping(keep) in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship.
②Write an email to someone you’ve been out of touch with for a while.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我们很难联系上莉莉，因为自从毕业以后我们就没有相互联系过。
It is hard to get_in_touch_with Lily, for we haven’t_been_in_touch_with each other since graduation.
④请留下电话号码，以防我们再次和你失去联系。
Please leave your phone number in case we lose_touch_with you again.
(1)get in touch with sb. 和某人取得联系(动作)
keep/be in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系(状态)
(2)lose touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(动作)
be out of touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(状态)
[佳句背诵] Believe it or not, I have been/kept in touch with him for ten years.
信不信由你，十年来我和他一直保持联系。
[名师点津] get in/lose touch with表示“短暂性动作”，不能与时间段连用； keep/be in touch with与be out of touch with表示状态和延续性，可以与时间段连用。
rid...of... 使……免除；使……摆脱
[能力提升]——完成句子
①They’re determined to_rid_the_country_of_its_poverty(为国家消除贫困)．
②Always_get_rid_of_your_rubbish_properly(总是把你的垃圾恰当地处理掉) and recycle waste where possible.
③If you want to make progress in your study, you must rid_yourself_of_carelessness(摆脱粗心大意)．
rid oneself of... 使某人自己摆脱……
be rid of... 摆脱……
get rid of... 摆脱/扔掉/辞掉……
[佳句背诵] As a matter of fact, it’s not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit.
事实上，摆脱坏习惯是不容易的。
状语从句的省略结构：when＋过去分词
(教材P15)When asked later what the call was about, your friend always answers，“Oh, nothing really.” 当随后被问到电话里讲的是什么时，你的朋友总是回答道，“噢，真的没什么。”
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(全国卷Ⅱ)She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening(listen) patiently and then printed out the ticket immediately.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)If interested(interest) in the Chinese folk art, you can email me.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)If I am accepted, I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors. It can help them know more about Chinese culture.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
(高级表达)If_accepted,_I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, which_can_help_them_know_more_about_Chinese_culture．(合并升级为定语从句，省略句)
省略句的条件
状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it
状语从句谓语中含有be动词
省略句的形式
省略从句中的主语或it和be动词
[佳句背诵] ①Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
当孩子有父母陪伴的时候，他们是被允许进入体育馆的。
②If (it is) necessary, you should turn to your parents for help.
如果有必要，你应该向你的父母寻求帮助。
so...as to...如此……以至于……(结果状语)
(教材P15)If the call was really about “nothing”， then why was it so important as to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time？ 如果这个电话真的“没什么”，那么为什么它如此重要以至于打断你们的谈话并浪费你宝贵的时间呢？
[能力提升]——句型转换
①He was so angry that he was unable to speak.
→He was so_angry_as_to be unable to speak.
②She is such an honest girl that everybody trusts her.
→She is so_honest_a_girl that everybody trusts her.
句中so...as to...意为“如此……以至于……(结果状语)”，该结构表示结果，否定形式为“so...as not to...”。
(1)“so...as to...”可与句型“so...that...”相互转换。
(2)so as to...“以便……”，表示目的，相当于in order to...。
[学生用书P179]
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．The teacher was_distributing(distribute) the sweets among the children when a boy burst out crying.
2．At first he was opposed(oppose) to the scheme, but we managed to argue him into accepting it.
3．Jack came from a poor family, so his parents had to sacrifice a lot to_pay(pay) for his schooling.
4．Nobody can casually(casual) succeed; it comes from the thorough selfcontrol and the will.
5．Obviously(obvious) it’s the one that investors and business owners care about.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．It is typical of students to stay up reading till late night before the final exam.
2．Fearing that most of the citizens voted against him, he wore a smile.
3．One should learn from past mistakes so as to avoid falling into the same old trap again.
4．He is afraid to face the difficulty he thinks he’ll have passing the driving test tomorrow, and he finds it difficult to get rid of the worries.
5．In the end the choice was narrowed down to three people who might be suitable for the job.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2019·江苏卷)It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm3.明显的
2．(2017·天津卷)Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. 扫描
3．As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose whichever suits you best. 适合
4．(江苏卷)It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.投票
5．The train was held up by the snowstorm, causing the delay.延迟
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．It is typical for her to put off what should be done till tomorrow.for→of
2．The shop ordered 20 copies of the book and now it can’t get rid them.在rid后加of
3．Parents are opposed to give more free time to their children.give→giving
4．He often makes up with stories, so we can’t believe him at all.删除with
5．He tried three times in the driving test and eventual he passed.eventual→eventually
6．This is obvious that he is the best person for the work.This→It
7．It was on September 3rd, 2015 when we celebrated the 70 anniversary of the victory of the world antifascist(反法西斯主义的) war.when→that
8．In the traditional festival people often sacrifice some fruits and desserts for gods.for→to
维度五 完成句子
1．这种药品如此有效，以至于能够改变大脑的化学组成。
The drug is so_powerful_as to be able to change brain chemistry.
2．爬山时，我们享受温暖的阳光和美景。
While_climbing_the_mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
3．直到他妻子回来他才上床睡觉。
It_was_not_until_his_wife_came_back_that he went to bed.
4．接不接受这项工作完全由你自己决定。
It’s_up_to_you_to_decide whether you take the job or not.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Tom is an allround student and he has few 1.drawbacks(drawback). He likes to make friends and it is typical 2.of him to be honest with others. He 3.keeps(keep) in touch with them by WeChat. He often helps other classmates without delay when they are in trouble. 4.Obviously(obvious), he gets along well with his classmates and friends. He seldom rejects 5.helping(help) others. In truth, he is absorbed in his study and keeps pace with excellent students. He is 6.opposed(oppose) to spending too much time on playing games and he suggests that students should focus on schoolwork. He tries to 7.get(get) rid of bad habits and form good habits that he can benefit from. He doesn’t give up 8.until he succeeds. He insists that everyone 9.(should)_contribute(contribute) to his own country. He thinks that it’s up to oneself 10.to_decide(decide) his fate.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①显然，科技的发展让学生们拥有了手机。
It_is_obvious_that the development of technology has made cellphones accessible_to_students．
②他们一向用手机和朋友们保持联系。
It_is_typical_of_them to keep_in_touch_with their friends by the cellphone.
③父母和老师们都反对把手机带进教室。
Parents and teachers are_opposed_to_carrying cellphones into classrooms.
④这一问题必须马上解决。
The problem must be solved without_delay．
⑤学校采取措施使学生上课期间摆脱手机。
Schools take measures to rid_students_of_cellphones in class.
⑥无论何时他们上课，都能聚精会神地学习。
No_matter_when_they_are_in_class,_they can be_absorbed_in study.
⑦无论在什么情况下，手机都不应该影响学习。
Under_no_circumstances should cellphones affect study.
2．升级平淡句
⑧用目的状语从句升级句⑤
Schools_take_measures_so_that_students_can_be_rid_of_cellphones_in_class.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：and, however, so)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
It is obvious that the development of technology has made cellphones accessible to students.And it is typical of them to keep in touch with their friends by the cellphone.However，parents and teachers are opposed to carrying cellphones into classrooms.So the problem must be solved without delay.Schools take measures so that students can be rid of cellphones in class.No matter when they are in class, they can be absorbed in study.Under no circumstances should cellphones affect study.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
[学生用书P375(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·安徽联盟阶段考试)With smart technology increasingly influencing all aspects of our lives, it is only a matter of time before someone invents smart shoes—ones that can be made based on personal needs. Called “ShiftWear”， the sneakers are the brainchild of a team of businessmen, and engineers led by New Yorkbased designer David Coelho.
The adaptable shoes can be customized by using a smart phone app. Shoe owners will have the option of selecting a design from a variety of HD patterns by famous artists or creating one themselves. The company’s founders imagine the marketplace where artists can not only share but also sell their designs to others. Despite being electronic, the designs are clearly visible even in the brightest sunlight. What’s even cooler is that by switching on backlight, users can even show their designs in the dark!
According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed. Though they will need periodic recharging, active users have nothing to worry about. That’s because the shoes are equipped with special WalkNCharge technology that powers the shoes—with every step. Inactive users also have options of charging the sneakers without using wires.
The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear. Even better, they are completely waterproof(防水的) and can even be thrown into an ordinary laundry machine for a quick wash! The company predicts that the shoes will range in price from $150 to $1，000 depending on the size of the EPanels where the designs are displayed.
This is not the first time that electronics and shoes have combined. Lithuaniabased iShuh Technologies has come up with a similar concept that connects ereader panels to a smart phone app via the Bluetooth. Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种智能运动鞋。
1．What can we know about the smart shoes from the text?
A．The electronic designs can not be seen clearly at night.
B．The designers make sure every pair of sneakers is unique.
C．The bottom part of the shoes can last longer due to special materials.
D．The shoes have to be washed by hand to protect the electronics.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear.”可知，鞋子的底部附着凯芙拉合成纤维，这是一种增强材料，可以减少正常的磨损；据此可知，由于使用了特殊的材料，这种鞋子的鞋底耐磨，故C项正确。
2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．How the sneakers are charged.
B．How the sneakers can work well.
C．What images the sneakers show.
D．What technology the sneakers carry.
A 解析：段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段第一句“According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed.”为该段的主题句，并结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了这种鞋子是如何充电的：活跃的用户可以通过走路来充电，不活跃的用户也可以不用电线充电，故A项正确。
3．The varied prices of the sneakers mainly depend on ________.
A．the length of the shoes
B．the size of their EPanels
C．the designers of the shoes
D．the material of their bottoms
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段尾句“The company predicts that the shoes will range in price from $150 to $1，000 depending on the size of the EPanels where the designs are displayed.”可知，该公司预计，这款鞋的价格范围将是150美元到1 000美元，这取决于展示这些设计的电子显示屏的尺寸，故B项正确。
4．How does the author feel about the sneakers’future market?
A．Negative. B．Anxious.
C．Uncertain. D．Confident.
C 解析：观点态度题。根据尾段最后一句“Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.”可知，尽管这些智能鞋子很有吸引力，但是它们是否会像我们的智能设备一样流行还有待观察；据此可推知，作者对这种鞋子的未来并不确定，故C项正确。
B
(2020· 新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)Technology is forever changing the way we get our news. Most people now get a lot of their news on electronic devices, instead of traditional media, such as newspapers, television or radio. An increasing number of people also report turning to social media for information.
Now, there is a new technology that could greatly change the way we get the news: computer－created news readers. China has launched what it called the world’s first artificial intelligence, or AI news presenters.
The news readers, supported by machine learning technology, are based on two real life Chinese newsmen. One is able to present news broadcast in English; the other, in Mandarin Chinese. A report said machine learning was used to examine video images and sounds of the two newsmen. Similar technology has been used to create video products known as “deepfake videos”. A deepfake video is a video that looks real, but is electronically changed. Such videos can make people appear to say things they never said.
It’s said that the AI presenters will be a great improvement to the news team because they “can work 24 hours a day” on its website and on social media. One of the presenters even promised to “work tirelessly” to keep people informed. Some machine learning experts said the system showed off China’s latest progress in voice recognition, text to speech technology and data analysis.
Others wondered about the effects robots might have on employment and workers. Some people argued that only low level jobs requiring heavy labor will be easily replaced by robots. Others praised the technology as a way for companies to make money from lowcost labor machines.
Anyway, for its great potential, some businesses have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了人工智能新闻主播的相关内容。
5．People now get information mainly from ________．
A．electronic devices B．traditional media
C．social media D．AI news presenters
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“Most people now get a lot of their news on electronic devices”可知，人们现在主要从电子设备上获得信息。
6．The author mentioned “deepfake” in Paragraph 3 because ________．
A．it was also artificial
B．it was also developed by China
C．it also used machine learning technology
D．it also gained popularity and recognition
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“A report said machine learning was used...known as ‘deepfake videos’．”可推知，作者提到deepfake是因为它也用了机器学习技术。
7．What can we know about AI news presenters?
A．AI news presenters can only “speak” one language.
B．Not all the people are in favor of AI news presenters.
C．AI news presenters will soon replace human news readers.
D．AI news presenters can reflect the improvement in robot making.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的内容，尤其是“Others wondered about the effects robots might have on employment and workers.”可知，并不是所有人都支持人工智能新闻主播。
8．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph?
A．Further research on the technology.
B．Other advantages of the technology.
C．Principles the technology is based on.
D．Examples the technology is applied to.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“some businesses have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations”可知，接下来的一段很可能讨论这种技术所应用的例子。
完形填空
(2020·南昌二模)In a clean, clinical room, my best friend was dying in my arms. His eyes, dark brown and trusting, would soon __1__ forever. Heartbroken, I said, “Flash, you __2__ so much happiness to me. I will do something good as a __3__．”
Flash came into my __4__ when I was nine. From the moment my parents brought this cute dog home, he __5__ my family with joy.
Then, __6__ happened. My mum was diagnosed with breast cancer when I was 11. Then my grandma, who was my __7__， passed away. My sister developed Crohn’s disease and while being tested, __8__ a heart attack. I was being bullied at school and started to __9__ classes and avoid seeing people.
Flash soon gave me all the __10__ he could offer. There were times when I felt there was no __11__， but a pair of brown eyes and loving face would somehow ease me. I knew he was __12__ there for me. I knew he understood.
Now after 15 years, Flash was __13__. I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him. I __14__ in a nonprofit organization in Southampton and contributed about 3，500 hours to __15__ children with special needs, which completely changed my life. I learned to love the __16__ I had been on, and even accept the __17__ bits.
I still miss Flash. It was him that had somehow __18__ me to help others. Flash’s death was one of the __19__ moments of my life. But it was also an inspiring moment that __20__ who I was—in the best possible way—forever.
【解题导语】 陪伴“我”多年的狗去世了，“我”悲痛欲绝，因为它曾经在“我”人生最艰难的时期陪伴“我”；狗离开“我”之后，“我”开始思考如何回报它的陪伴；于是，“我”加入了志愿者服务行列。
1．A.open B．close
C．shine D．fade
B 解析：根据本段第一句中的“my best friend was dying”可知，狗就要去世了，它的眼睛即将永远闭上。故选 B。
2．A.brought B．told
C．saved D．owed
A 解析：根据第二段的内容可知，“我”九岁时，Flash走进“我”的生活，陪伴“我”；由此可知，此处表示它曾经给“我”带来了那么多的快乐。故选A。
3．A.relief B．chance
C．bonus D．reward
D 解析：根据第五段中的“I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him.”可知，为了报答Flash的陪伴，“我”将尽自己的能力做一些事情回报它。故选D。
4．A.mind B．room
C．world D．power
C 解析：根据下文中的“my parents brought this cute dog home”可知，在“我”九岁时，Flash进入“我”的世界。故选C。
5．A.helped B．filled
C．protected D．decorated
B 解析：根据语境可知，Flash让“我”的家充满欢乐。故选 B。
6．A.disasters B．stories
C．wonders D．mistakes
A 解析：根据下文可知，母亲患了癌症，祖母去世了，妹妹也生病了，并且“我”在学校受到同学的欺负。由此可知，“我”的家庭经历了一系列不幸的事情，故选A。
7．A.burden B．trouble
C．strength D．challenge
C 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，祖母当时是“我”的力量源泉。故选C。
8．A.caused B．noticed
C．fought D．suffered
D 解析：根据该句中的“while being tested”和“a heart attack”可推知，妹妹当时在检查的过程中，遭受了心脏病的折磨。故选D。
9．A.skip B．give
C．take D．enjoy
A 解析：根据该句中的“being bullied at school”和“avoid seeing people”可知，“我”当时在学校受到欺负，并且开始避开人群。由此可推知，“我”当时开始逃课。故选A。
10．A.comment B．comfort
C．expectation D．relaxation
B 解析：根据该段中的“ease me”和“I knew he understood.”可知，Flash给了“我”极大的安慰。故选B。
11．A.hope B．time
C．money D．use
A 解析：根据第三段的内容可知，“我”曾经遇到了一系列的不幸，“我”时常感到生活没有了希望，但是Flash棕色的眼睛、可爱的脸庞总是能让“我”感到宽慰。故选A。
12．A.frequently B．sometimes
C．hardly D．always
D 解析：根据上文可知，Flash总是能够在“我”最困难的时候，一直陪伴“我”。故选D。
13．A.aging B．gone
C．missing D．deserted
B 解析：根据本文第一句并结合该句可知，现在，15年后，Flash去世了。故选B。
14．A.searched B．competed
C．volunteered D．performed
C 解析：根据下文中的“a nonprofit organization”和“contributed about 3，500 hours”可知，“我”自愿在一家非营利机构工作。故选C。
15．A.attending to B．meeting with
C．talking about D．bringing up
A 解析：根据下文中的“children with special needs”可知，“我”贡献了大约3 500个小时来照看有特殊需要的孩子。故选A。A项意为“照料”。
16．A.earth B．journey
C．holiday D．street
B 解析：根据上文中的“which completely changed my life”可知，通过志愿者服务，“我”的生活完全变了，“我”开始喜欢自己过去所经历的旅程，甚至接受了最难接受的那些事情。故选B。
17．A.fantastic B．absurd
C．hard D．pleasant
C 解析：参见上题解析。
18．A.led B．forced
C．trained D．persuaded
A 解析：根据空前一句“I still miss Flash.”及下文中的“an inspiring moment”可知，Flash引导“我”去帮助他人。故选A。
19．A.fullest B．craziest
C．tiniest D．saddest
D 解析：根据第一段中的“Heartbroken”可知，Flash的去世是“我”人生中最难过的时刻之一。故选D。
20．A.explained B．transformed
C．admitted D．described
B 解析：根据第五段中的“which completely changed my life”并结合本段内容可知，Flash的去世也是让“我”发生改变的时刻。故选B。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
[学生用书P377(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·安徽五校质检)Are you a procrastinator(拖延者)? It’s a common problem. And it can be harmful, as previous research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower wellbeing, reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.
Psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people：“Present Me” and “Future Me”. “People act as if they prefer their current selves’ needs and desires to those of their future selves，” wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman.
Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine exactly how “Future Me” would feel the night before a big paper was due, though “Present Me” hadn’t started yet. They made “Present Me” think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years.
Thinking about events in this_way meant that something like a friend’s wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.
The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years. For example, participants imagined they had a newborn child, and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6，570 days. The researchers found those in the “days” condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years” condition.
So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.
【解题导语】 本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法。
1．What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?
A．To work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.
B．To find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.
C．To discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of wellbeing.
D．To prove it’s helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，Oyserman和Lewis想要通过他们的研究去验证把“现在的我”和“将来的我”联系起来是否会对应对拖延症有一定的帮助，故选D。
2．The underlined part “this way” in Paragraph 4 refers to “________”．
A．setting up tough deadlines
B．following schedules strictly
C．counting in smaller units of time
D．imagining how your future self will feel
C 解析：词义猜测题。承接第三段最后一句“They made ‘Present Me’ think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years.”可推知，画线部分是指用更小的时间单位去计量，故选C。
3．What helps prevent people from procrastinating?
A．Comparing their future selves with present selves.
B．Considering their current selves’ needs and desires.
C．Thinking about faroff events in days rather than years.
D．Marking important events on a calendar as a reminder.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容以及最后一段“So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.”可推知，用天而不是用年去考虑将来所发生的事情会帮助拖延者不再拖延，故选C。
4．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．A way to get things done in time.
B．The harmful effects of procrastination.
C．The reason to overlook future needs and desires.
D．The way to reduce stress and improve happiness.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.”，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法，故选A。
B
(2020·江西三校联考)A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities.
The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated(复杂的) artificial intelligence algorithms(演算法) may soon have the ability to peer_into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.
“Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality，” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team followed 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determined their personality traits with “wellestablished questionnaires” for determining the personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.
The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person’s major personality traits, such as “neuroticism, extraversion(外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as curiosity”， the scientists wrote.
“The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other hightech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines，” Loetscher said.
“People are always looking for improved, personalized services. Today’s robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to nonverbal information，” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by The Indian Express. This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.
The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in Britain’s Daily Mail newspaper.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究。
5．What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Understand. B．Stare at.
C．Search for. D．Concern about.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul.”，并结合对第一段的整体理解可推知，此处peer into与第一段中的“read”相呼应，故选A。
6．How did the researchers conduct the research?
A．It was carried out in a lab.
B．42 study subjects’ eye movements were recorded.
C．The students’ daily movements were tracked.
D．Its subjects’ personalities were determined by computer.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究是通过追踪42个研究对象并记录他们的眼球运动来开展的，故选B。
7．According to Tobias Loetscher, what can we know?
A．Robots and computers are socially conscious.
B．People care less about improved, personalized services.
C．Today’s robots and computers can accustom to nonverbal information.
D．The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对倒数第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究发现有助于改善人类和机器的互动，故选D。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Human Personality Traits
B．What Human Eye Movements Are
C．Tell Personalities by Eye Movements
D．How Humans and Machines Interact
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究，故选C。
七选五
(2020·合肥第二次质检)What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. 1.________ Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times.
Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian(爬行动物的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, and to “look good”. Let’s just face it. 2.________ So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger, impatience, blame and shame. We all have them. And we can grow beyond them.
Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions—we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 3.________
Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings. 4.________ But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening, the resistance.
5．________ When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens to me when I’m bothered.” You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”
A．Practice positive selftalk.
B．So the solution to pain is an inside job.
C．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways.
D．Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times.
E．We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.
F．The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habitforming.
G．Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有效的方法。
1．G 解析：根据空后一句“Thus, when the big ones come, we will... hard times.”可知，成功地培养耐心需要花费精力，因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛苦及烦恼的能力，因此当更大的麻烦来临时，我们将已经有耐心应对困难的时刻。故G项符合语境。
2．F 解析：根据空后的“So the first step... blame and shame.”可推知，保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的冲动绝对是由习惯养成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的本性。故选F。
3．B 解析：根据空前一句“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set.”可知，问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上，而是出现在我们的思考方式上，因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。故选B。
4．E 解析：根据空前一句“Most of us don’t really realize it... painful feelings.”及空后的“get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you”可知，我们经常忽略了这样一个事实，即我们处于痛苦之中，而我们关注的焦点总是全部集中在解决问题上。
5．A 解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句；通读本段可知，本段主要是说要积极地自我对话，故A项符合语境。
语法填空
(2020·长春质量监测一)It used to be common to see US teenagers busy at fastfood restaurants cooking burgers and 1.____________(clean) tables, especially during the summer vacation. 2.____________， the scene is becoming less common.
Instead of finding summer jobs, many US teenagers are spending 3.____________(they) free time taking classes. According to The Atlantic, this change partly results 4.____________the low teen earnings paying little toward the costs of college. For many students who are going to attend college, the money from summer jobs doesn’t live up to their 5.____________(expect) at all. Meanwhile, US teenagers’ increasing interest in education 6.____________(account) for this as well. They go to summer school to learn 7.____________they might not have time for after they leave school, which 8.____________(consider) as a wise choice.
Despite this, a summer job is still believed to benefit teenagers. Early work experience is 9.____________human activity that develops people’s social skills. When kids are working, they gradually gain 10.____________(practice) knowledge and understanding of the labor market.
【解题导语】 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国青少年暑期生活的变化。
1．cleaning 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与前面的cooking并列作be busy(in) doing sth.结构的宾语。
2．However 解析：考查副词。由上文中的“It used to be common”以及空后的“the scene is becoming less common”可知，此处前后句构成转折关系，故用However。
3．their 解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处修饰名词free time，故应用they的形容词性物主代词their在句中作定语，表示“他们的”。
4．from 解析：考查固定搭配。这种变化部分是由青少年得到的薪水很低而难以支付大学的费用造成的。result from “(由……而)造成”为固定搭配。
5．expectations 解析：考查词性转换和名词的单复数。根据语境及空前的“their”可知，空处应用expect的名词复数形式，表示“他们的那些期望”。
6．accounts 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，文章介绍的是一般情况，且主语是US teenagers’ increasing interest，因此谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式accounts。
7．what 解析：考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词learn的宾语，指物，因此填what。
8．is considered 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，文章介绍的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，此处表示“这被认为是一个明智的选择”，应用被动语态，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
9．a 解析：考查冠词。根据空前的“is”和空后的“human activity”可知，此处表示泛指“一项人类活动”，且human的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
10．practical 解析：考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用practical “实用的”。
[学生用书P173]
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．drawback n． 缺点，缺陷；不利条件
2．tube n. 管子；管状物；伦敦地铁
3．wind vt.& vi. 上发条；缠绕；蜿蜒，曲折
4．digital adj. 数字信息系统的，数码的，数字式的
5．ample adj. 足够的，充足的，丰裕的
6．circumstance n. 条件，环境，状况
7．merely adv. 仅仅，只不过
8．sacrifice vt. 牺牲，献出
n. 牺牲，舍弃；祭品
9．stable adj. 稳定的；稳重的
10．scan vt.& vi. 浏览，粗略地读；审视，端详；扫描
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．principle n. 原理，法则；道德原则，
行为准则
2．delay vt.& vi. (使)推迟，延迟
n. 延误，延迟
3．eventually adv. 最后，终于
4．obvious adj. 显然的，显而易见的
5．typical adj. 平常的；典型的，
有代表性的；特有的
6．rid vt. 摆脱；去除；丢弃
7．elegant adj. (物品)雅致的，精美的；
(人或其举止)优雅的
8．foresee vt. 预料，预见，预知
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．construct vt.制造；修筑，建造→construction n．建筑
2．accessible adj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理解的→access n．通道，通路，入径；机会，权利
3．distribute vt.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销→distribution n．分布，分散；分发，分配，分销→distributor n．销售者；批发商；分销商
4．adaptation n．适应；改编本，改写本→adapt v．适应；改编
5．casual adj.非正式的，随便的；漫不经心的，不经意的→casually adv.随便地；偶然地；临时地
6．insurance n．保险；保障措施→insure vt.给……保险；确保
7．translation n．翻译；转化→translate vt.翻译；转化→translator n．翻译者，译员
8．vote vi.& vt.投票，选举，表决 n．选票；选举，表决→voter n．投票人；有选举权的人
9．reject vt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用→rejection n．拒绝
10．tight adj.亲密的，紧密的；紧的；紧身的；严密的→tightly adv.紧紧地；坚固地
11．oppose vt.反对，抵制，阻挠；与……竞争→opposed adj.相反的，反对的
12．suitable adj.合适的，适当的→suit v．适合；使适应
1.不可忽视的“状况；情况”
①circumstance
②condition
③state
④situation
⑤status
2.“最后，终于”集汇
①eventually
②finally
③lastly
④at last
⑤end up
⑥in the end
3.不同的“分”法
①distribute 分配；散布；分发
②divide 分；划分；分离
③assign 分派；选派；分配
④allocate 分配；分派
4．“合适的；适当的”种种表达
①suitable ②appropriate
③proper ④fit
5.“品质”荟萃
①elegant 高雅的
②mature 成熟的
③sensible 明智的
④diligent 勤奋的；用功的
⑤shallow 肤浅的
⑥kind 心善的，和蔼的
⑦unselfish 无私的
⑧patient 耐心的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．keep_in_touch_with 与……保持联系
2．wind_up 上发条
3．for_good_measure 额外，另外
4．rid...of... 使……免除……，使……
摆脱……
5．contribute_to 有助于；对……作出贡献
6．keep_pace_with 与……并驾齐驱；与……同步
7．on_sale 出售，上市；折价销售
8．have_access_to 有使用……的权利(机会)
9．answer_for 对……负责
10．adjust_to 适应
11．be_absorbed_in 全神贯注于
12．text_messages 短信
13．benefit_from 从……中受益
14．in_particular 特别地，尤其
15．be_shaped_like 形状像
16．focus_on 集中于
17．rely_on 依靠，依赖，相信，信赖
18．a_large_amount_of 许多
19．in_general 总的来说，一般而言
20．all_sorts_of/different_kinds_of
各种各样的，不同种类的
1.keep短语大团圆
①keep in touch with 与……保持联系
②keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱
③keep away (from) (使)避开；不接近
④keep off (使)避开；让开
⑤keep an eye on 照看；留意
⑥keep up with 跟上；不落后
2.for短语集训营
①for sale 出售
②for free 免费
③for sure 肯定地
④for good 永久地
⑤for instance/example 例如
⑥for good measure 额外
3.走进“v.＋from”家园
①date from 追溯到
②hear from 收到……的来信
③result from 由于，因为
④escape from 从……中逃脱
⑤benefit from 从……中受益
⑥take from 从……中摘取
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：it is not until...that...强调句型
John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928, but it_was_not_until_1938_that the first colour TV programme was broadcast. 1928年，约翰·罗杰·贝尔德制造出第一台彩色电视机，但是直到1938年，第一档彩色电视节目才被播放。
句型2：状语从句的省略结构：when＋过去分词
When_asked later what the call was about, your friend always answers，“Oh, nothing really.”
当随后被问到电话里讲的是什么时，你的朋友总是回答道，“噢，真的没什么。”
句型3：so＋...＋as to...
如此……以至于……(结果状语)
If the call was really about “nothing”， then why was it so_important_as_to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time？ 如果这个电话真的“没什么”，那么为什么它如此重要以至于打断你们的谈话并浪费你宝贵的时间呢？
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·江苏卷)Their Chinese peers in the typical(典型的) Chinese dress would be highly impressive.
2．Obviously(很显然), whether we will hold this sports meeting depends on the weather in the coming months.
3．(2017·江苏卷)When he began practicing, he took it very casually(随意地)．But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument.
4．(江苏卷)It makes no difference from ordinary voting(投票) events, in which candidates go around to seek supports.
5．Stick to your principles(原则) and tell him you won’t do it.
6．(2018·天津卷)Since you have just won the first prize in the Robotics Competition and have shown great talent in designing robots, you are the most suitable(suit) person.
7．He wondered how much money he could have saved in translation(translate) if he could have learnt English.
8．Absorbed(absorb) in a game, the boy didn’t realize it was dark outside.
9．If you don’t try, how do you know you’re going to be rejected(rejection)?
10．Two new motor roads have recently been opened, and several others are under construction(construct)．
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The Red Cross is distributing food and clothing to the refugees.The distribution of food and clothing makes them moved to tears.(distribute)
2．All members of the family but him are opposed to his moving to the countryside.The old man can’t bear anyone in the family to oppose him.(oppose)
3．The new bridge under construction is due to be completed next month.It is being constructed by some villagers nearby.(construct)
4．In the past, many women had no access to college education.College education wasn’t accessible to women until the 1920s.(access)
5．This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen and the adaptation is popular with people.(adapt)
6．This kind of accommodation suits you, because it offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the longstay students.(suit)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
pay attention to; answer for; face to face; keep in touch with; above all
Cellphones, from which people are benefiting, are playing a more and more important role in our daily life.As an old saying goes, each coin has two sides, and so do cellphones. On the one hand, it’s convenient for us to get the information we need over the Internet with cellphones.1.Above_all,_we can 2.keep_in_touch_with our families and friends whenever we want to and wherever we are.We needn’t talk 3.face_to_face. On the other hand, the overuse of cellphones should 4.answer_for the bad effects that cellphones have on our health. In conclusion, only by 5.paying_attention_to the drawbacks of cellphones and using cellphones properly can we enjoy the benefits they bring about.
in particular; contribute to; benefit from; keep pace with
We must 6.keep_pace_with the new development of modern scientific research because I think we can 7.benefit_from it. It can 8.contribute_to the development of new products in our company, 9.in_particular electronic products.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．有些东西，只有在你真正失去的时候才会意识到它对你来说有多重要。
It’s_not_until_you_really_lose_something_that you realize how important it means to you.
2．当被问及为何会迟到，他保持沉默。
When_asked_why_he_was_late,_he kept silent.
3．你怎么这么笨，竟相信他说的话？
How could you be so_stupid_as_to believe what he said?
[学生用书P176]
delay vt.& vi.(使)推迟，延迟 n．延误，延迟
[基础练习]——句型转换
①They didn’t publish the report until after the election.
→They delayed_publishing the report until after the election.
②We must rescue the workers in danger immediately.
→We must rescue the workers in danger without_delay．
[能力提升]——一句多译
由于天气糟糕，所有的航班被推迟了。
③All the flights were_delayed due to the bad weather.
④All the flights were_put_off due to the bad weather.
delay doing sth. 推迟做某事
without delay 毫不延迟地，立即
[佳句背诵] ①Having been delayed by heavy traffic, she found it impossible for her to arrive on time.
由于交通堵塞的耽搁，她觉得她不可能按时到达了。
②For some reason I want to delay my departure until June. 因为某方面的原因，我想把离开的日期延长至6月。
distribute vt.分配；分发；分布
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Then we distributed some presents such as books and school bags to/among them.
②The unfair distribution(distribute) of wealth has become a serious problem and the government has decided to take action to make it fairer.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2018·北京卷)我告诉那些国际学生，茶广泛分布在全国各地。
I told those international students that tea_is_widely_distributed_all_over_the_country．
(1)distribute...to... 把……分给……
distribute...among... 在……中分发……
(2)distribution n. 分配；分发；分布状态
[佳句背诵] They have contributed lots of food and clothes to that rural area and some volunteers helped to distribute them to those in need.
他们捐赠了大量的食物和衣服到农村地区，一些志愿者帮助把它们分发给那些需要的人。
obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It is obvious that the old method can not meet new requirements.
[能力提升]——一句多译
很显然，学生在把他们的睡眠循环调整到适应他们的日程表方面是糟糕的。
②Obviously,_students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
③It_is_obvious_that students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
(1)It’s obvious (to sb.) that...
(对某人来说)……是显而易见的
(2)obviously adv. 显然地，显而易见地
[佳句背诵] Our class also has problems of its own, of which the most obvious one is the students’ laziness. 我们班级也有它自己的问题，其中最明显的一个问题就是学生的懒散。(广东卷)
suitable adj.合适的，适当的[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I am good at spoken English; therefore, I hold the firm belief that I am suitable for the post.
②The young man isn’t suitable to_do(do) the job, because he has no patience.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(陕西卷)首先， 因为我英语口语流利，所以我认为我适合这项工作。
Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I am_suitable_for_this_job．
(1)be suitable for... 适合……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
(2)suit vt. 对……合适；合身，适合
n. 一套衣服，套装
suit sth.to sb./sth. 使某事/物适合于某人/物
(3)suited adj. 合适的；般配的
be suited to... 适合于……
[佳句背诵] As far as I’m concerned, this programme is not suitable for children.
就我个人而言，这个节目不适合儿童。
vote vi.& vt.投票；选举，表决 n．选票；选举，表决[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①People voted against Henry, who often tells lies.
②Our family vote to_turn(turn) to the lawyer for help.
③All of us vote for building more shelters for the homeless and the poor.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④董事长要我们对计划进行表决。
The chairman asked us to_vote_on/upon_the_plan．
(1)vote for/against... 投票赞成/反对……
vote on/upon... 就……表决
vote to do sth. 投票去做某事
(2)take/have a vote on 投票表决
[佳句背诵] As we can’t agree on this matter, let’s have a vote on it.
由于对于这个问题我们无法达成一致意见，那就投票表决吧。
reject vt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She rejected telling(tell) us the truth，which made us embarrassed.
②All our suggestions were_rejected(reject) out of hand.
③The rejection(reject) of the peace plan raises the threat of a more general war.
④I was given ten minutes to decide whether to_reject(reject) the offer or not.
(1)reject doing sth. 拒绝做某事
reject one’s suggestion/demand/offer
拒绝某人的建议/要求/帮助
(2)rejection n. 拒绝，拒收
[佳句背诵] I want to know why Tom rejected lending his car to me.
我想知道汤姆为什么拒绝把他的车借给我。
oppose vt.反对； 对抗，抗争
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Many residents opposed the government building(build) a chemical factory near the school.
②a.Opposed(oppose) to the plan of raising prices, they decided not to carry it out.
b．Opposing(oppose) the plan of raising prices, they decided not to carry it out.
③(2019·浙江卷6月)Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite(oppose) effect.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达)The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people opposed_it/were_opposed_to_it(反对它)．
⑤(高级表达)With_a_lot_of_people_opposed_to/opposing_the_new_proposal,_the government postponed it.(with复合结构)
(1)oppose doing sth. 反对做某事
oppose sb./sb.’s doing sth.反对某人做某事
(2)opposed adj. 反对的，对抗的，敌对的
be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事
(3)opposite adj. 相反的，对面的
prep. 在……对面
[佳句背诵]
To be frank, in common with Helen, I strongly oppose/am strongly opposed to the proposal.
坦率地说，与海伦一样，我坚决反对这个建议。
[名师点津]
oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，后面要用动名词形式。在be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后要用动词ing形式。
typical adj.平常的；典型的，有代表性的；特有的
[基础练习]——单句改错
①This painting is typical for the Impressionist Movement.for→of
②The first two children in a family are typical more different from each other than the third.typical→typically
③The typically American will spend about 15% of his or her lifetime working at the office.typically→typical
[能力提升]——完成句子
④杰克又迟到了。让别人等是他的一贯风格。
Jack is late again. It_is_typical_of_him to keep others waiting.
(1)be typical of 是……的特点
It is typical of sb.to do sth. 某人一向做某事
(2)typically adv. 典型地
[佳句背诵] We want to know about their origins, typical food Americans eat during the festivals and how Americans celebrate them. 我们想知道它们(节日)的起源，节日期间美国人常吃的食物以及美国人是如何庆祝节日的。(全国卷Ⅰ)
keep in touch (with) (与……)保持联系
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(湖南卷)Keeping(keep) in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship.
②Write an email to someone you’ve been out of touch with for a while.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我们很难联系上莉莉，因为自从毕业以后我们就没有相互联系过。
It is hard to get_in_touch_with Lily, for we haven’t_been_in_touch_with each other since graduation.
④请留下电话号码，以防我们再次和你失去联系。
Please leave your phone number in case we lose_touch_with you again.
(1)get in touch with sb. 和某人取得联系(动作)
keep/be in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系(状态)
(2)lose touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(动作)
be out of touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(状态)
[佳句背诵] Believe it or not, I have been/kept in touch with him for ten years.
信不信由你，十年来我和他一直保持联系。
[名师点津] get in/lose touch with表示“短暂性动作”，不能与时间段连用； keep/be in touch with与be out of touch with表示状态和延续性，可以与时间段连用。
rid...of... 使……免除；使……摆脱
[能力提升]——完成句子
①They’re determined to_rid_the_country_of_its_poverty(为国家消除贫困)．
②Always_get_rid_of_your_rubbish_properly(总是把你的垃圾恰当地处理掉) and recycle waste where possible.
③If you want to make progress in your study, you must rid_yourself_of_carelessness(摆脱粗心大意)．
rid oneself of... 使某人自己摆脱……
be rid of... 摆脱……
get rid of... 摆脱/扔掉/辞掉……
[佳句背诵] As a matter of fact, it’s not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit.
事实上，摆脱坏习惯是不容易的。
状语从句的省略结构：when＋过去分词
(教材P15)When asked later what the call was about, your friend always answers，“Oh, nothing really.” 当随后被问到电话里讲的是什么时，你的朋友总是回答道，“噢，真的没什么。”
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(全国卷Ⅱ)She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening(listen) patiently and then printed out the ticket immediately.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)If interested(interest) in the Chinese folk art, you can email me.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)If I am accepted, I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors. It can help them know more about Chinese culture.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
(高级表达)If_accepted,_I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, which_can_help_them_know_more_about_Chinese_culture．(合并升级为定语从句，省略句)
省略句的条件
状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it
状语从句谓语中含有be动词
省略句的形式
省略从句中的主语或it和be动词
[佳句背诵] ①Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
当孩子有父母陪伴的时候，他们是被允许进入体育馆的。
②If (it is) necessary, you should turn to your parents for help.
如果有必要，你应该向你的父母寻求帮助。
so...as to...如此……以至于……(结果状语)
(教材P15)If the call was really about “nothing”， then why was it so important as to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time？ 如果这个电话真的“没什么”，那么为什么它如此重要以至于打断你们的谈话并浪费你宝贵的时间呢？
[能力提升]——句型转换
①He was so angry that he was unable to speak.
→He was so_angry_as_to be unable to speak.
②She is such an honest girl that everybody trusts her.
→She is so_honest_a_girl that everybody trusts her.
句中so...as to...意为“如此……以至于……(结果状语)”，该结构表示结果，否定形式为“so...as not to...”。
(1)“so...as to...”可与句型“so...that...”相互转换。
(2)so as to...“以便……”，表示目的，相当于in order to...。
[学生用书P179]
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．The teacher was_distributing(distribute) the sweets among the children when a boy burst out crying.
2．At first he was opposed(oppose) to the scheme, but we managed to argue him into accepting it.
3．Jack came from a poor family, so his parents had to sacrifice a lot to_pay(pay) for his schooling.
4．Nobody can casually(casual) succeed; it comes from the thorough selfcontrol and the will.
5．Obviously(obvious) it’s the one that investors and business owners care about.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．It is typical of students to stay up reading till late night before the final exam.
2．Fearing that most of the citizens voted against him, he wore a smile.
3．One should learn from past mistakes so as to avoid falling into the same old trap again.
4．He is afraid to face the difficulty he thinks he’ll have passing the driving test tomorrow, and he finds it difficult to get rid of the worries.
5．In the end the choice was narrowed down to three people who might be suitable for the job.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2019·江苏卷)It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm3.明显的
2．(2017·天津卷)Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. 扫描
3．As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose whichever suits you best. 适合
4．(江苏卷)It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.投票
5．The train was held up by the snowstorm, causing the delay.延迟
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．It is typical for her to put off what should be done till tomorrow.for→of
2．The shop ordered 20 copies of the book and now it can’t get rid them.在rid后加of
3．Parents are opposed to give more free time to their children.give→giving
4．He often makes up with stories, so we can’t believe him at all.删除with
5．He tried three times in the driving test and eventual he passed.eventual→eventually
6．This is obvious that he is the best person for the work.This→It
7．It was on September 3rd, 2015 when we celebrated the 70 anniversary of the victory of the world antifascist(反法西斯主义的) war.when→that
8．In the traditional festival people often sacrifice some fruits and desserts for gods.for→to
维度五 完成句子
1．这种药品如此有效，以至于能够改变大脑的化学组成。
The drug is so_powerful_as to be able to change brain chemistry.
2．爬山时，我们享受温暖的阳光和美景。
While_climbing_the_mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
3．直到他妻子回来他才上床睡觉。
It_was_not_until_his_wife_came_back_that he went to bed.
4．接不接受这项工作完全由你自己决定。
It’s_up_to_you_to_decide whether you take the job or not.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Tom is an allround student and he has few 1.drawbacks(drawback). He likes to make friends and it is typical 2.of him to be honest with others. He 3.keeps(keep) in touch with them by WeChat. He often helps other classmates without delay when they are in trouble. 4.Obviously(obvious), he gets along well with his classmates and friends. He seldom rejects 5.helping(help) others. In truth, he is absorbed in his study and keeps pace with excellent students. He is 6.opposed(oppose) to spending too much time on playing games and he suggests that students should focus on schoolwork. He tries to 7.get(get) rid of bad habits and form good habits that he can benefit from. He doesn’t give up 8.until he succeeds. He insists that everyone 9.(should)_contribute(contribute) to his own country. He thinks that it’s up to oneself 10.to_decide(decide) his fate.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①显然，科技的发展让学生们拥有了手机。
It_is_obvious_that the development of technology has made cellphones accessible_to_students．
②他们一向用手机和朋友们保持联系。
It_is_typical_of_them to keep_in_touch_with their friends by the cellphone.
③父母和老师们都反对把手机带进教室。
Parents and teachers are_opposed_to_carrying cellphones into classrooms.
④这一问题必须马上解决。
The problem must be solved without_delay．
⑤学校采取措施使学生上课期间摆脱手机。
Schools take measures to rid_students_of_cellphones in class.
⑥无论何时他们上课，都能聚精会神地学习。
No_matter_when_they_are_in_class,_they can be_absorbed_in study.
⑦无论在什么情况下，手机都不应该影响学习。
Under_no_circumstances should cellphones affect study.
2．升级平淡句
⑧用目的状语从句升级句⑤
Schools_take_measures_so_that_students_can_be_rid_of_cellphones_in_class.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：and, however, so)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
It is obvious that the development of technology has made cellphones accessible to students.And it is typical of them to keep in touch with their friends by the cellphone.However，parents and teachers are opposed to carrying cellphones into classrooms.So the problem must be solved without delay.Schools take measures so that students can be rid of cellphones in class.No matter when they are in class, they can be absorbed in study.Under no circumstances should cellphones affect study.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
[学生用书P375(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·安徽联盟阶段考试)With smart technology increasingly influencing all aspects of our lives, it is only a matter of time before someone invents smart shoes—ones that can be made based on personal needs. Called “ShiftWear”， the sneakers are the brainchild of a team of businessmen, and engineers led by New Yorkbased designer David Coelho.
The adaptable shoes can be customized by using a smart phone app. Shoe owners will have the option of selecting a design from a variety of HD patterns by famous artists or creating one themselves. The company’s founders imagine the marketplace where artists can not only share but also sell their designs to others. Despite being electronic, the designs are clearly visible even in the brightest sunlight. What’s even cooler is that by switching on backlight, users can even show their designs in the dark!
According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed. Though they will need periodic recharging, active users have nothing to worry about. That’s because the shoes are equipped with special WalkNCharge technology that powers the shoes—with every step. Inactive users also have options of charging the sneakers without using wires.
The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear. Even better, they are completely waterproof(防水的) and can even be thrown into an ordinary laundry machine for a quick wash! The company predicts that the shoes will range in price from $150 to $1，000 depending on the size of the EPanels where the designs are displayed.
This is not the first time that electronics and shoes have combined. Lithuaniabased iShuh Technologies has come up with a similar concept that connects ereader panels to a smart phone app via the Bluetooth. Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种智能运动鞋。
1．What can we know about the smart shoes from the text?
A．The electronic designs can not be seen clearly at night.
B．The designers make sure every pair of sneakers is unique.
C．The bottom part of the shoes can last longer due to special materials.
D．The shoes have to be washed by hand to protect the electronics.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear.”可知，鞋子的底部附着凯芙拉合成纤维，这是一种增强材料，可以减少正常的磨损；据此可知，由于使用了特殊的材料，这种鞋子的鞋底耐磨，故C项正确。
2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．How the sneakers are charged.
B．How the sneakers can work well.
C．What images the sneakers show.
D．What technology the sneakers carry.
A 解析：段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段第一句“According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed.”为该段的主题句，并结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了这种鞋子是如何充电的：活跃的用户可以通过走路来充电，不活跃的用户也可以不用电线充电，故A项正确。
3．The varied prices of the sneakers mainly depend on ________.
A．the length of the shoes
B．the size of their EPanels
C．the designers of the shoes
D．the material of their bottoms
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段尾句“The company predicts that the shoes will range in price from $150 to $1，000 depending on the size of the EPanels where the designs are displayed.”可知，该公司预计，这款鞋的价格范围将是150美元到1 000美元，这取决于展示这些设计的电子显示屏的尺寸，故B项正确。
4．How does the author feel about the sneakers’future market?
A．Negative. B．Anxious.
C．Uncertain. D．Confident.
C 解析：观点态度题。根据尾段最后一句“Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.”可知，尽管这些智能鞋子很有吸引力，但是它们是否会像我们的智能设备一样流行还有待观察；据此可推知，作者对这种鞋子的未来并不确定，故C项正确。
B
(2020· 新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)Technology is forever changing the way we get our news. Most people now get a lot of their news on electronic devices, instead of traditional media, such as newspapers, television or radio. An increasing number of people also report turning to social media for information.
Now, there is a new technology that could greatly change the way we get the news: computer－created news readers. China has launched what it called the world’s first artificial intelligence, or AI news presenters.
The news readers, supported by machine learning technology, are based on two real life Chinese newsmen. One is able to present news broadcast in English; the other, in Mandarin Chinese. A report said machine learning was used to examine video images and sounds of the two newsmen. Similar technology has been used to create video products known as “deepfake videos”. A deepfake video is a video that looks real, but is electronically changed. Such videos can make people appear to say things they never said.
It’s said that the AI presenters will be a great improvement to the news team because they “can work 24 hours a day” on its website and on social media. One of the presenters even promised to “work tirelessly” to keep people informed. Some machine learning experts said the system showed off China’s latest progress in voice recognition, text to speech technology and data analysis.
Others wondered about the effects robots might have on employment and workers. Some people argued that only low level jobs requiring heavy labor will be easily replaced by robots. Others praised the technology as a way for companies to make money from lowcost labor machines.
Anyway, for its great potential, some businesses have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了人工智能新闻主播的相关内容。
5．People now get information mainly from ________．
A．electronic devices B．traditional media
C．social media D．AI news presenters
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“Most people now get a lot of their news on electronic devices”可知，人们现在主要从电子设备上获得信息。
6．The author mentioned “deepfake” in Paragraph 3 because ________．
A．it was also artificial
B．it was also developed by China
C．it also used machine learning technology
D．it also gained popularity and recognition
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“A report said machine learning was used...known as ‘deepfake videos’．”可推知，作者提到deepfake是因为它也用了机器学习技术。
7．What can we know about AI news presenters?
A．AI news presenters can only “speak” one language.
B．Not all the people are in favor of AI news presenters.
C．AI news presenters will soon replace human news readers.
D．AI news presenters can reflect the improvement in robot making.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的内容，尤其是“Others wondered about the effects robots might have on employment and workers.”可知，并不是所有人都支持人工智能新闻主播。
8．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph?
A．Further research on the technology.
B．Other advantages of the technology.
C．Principles the technology is based on.
D．Examples the technology is applied to.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“some businesses have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations”可知，接下来的一段很可能讨论这种技术所应用的例子。
完形填空
(2020·南昌二模)In a clean, clinical room, my best friend was dying in my arms. His eyes, dark brown and trusting, would soon __1__ forever. Heartbroken, I said, “Flash, you __2__ so much happiness to me. I will do something good as a __3__．”
Flash came into my __4__ when I was nine. From the moment my parents brought this cute dog home, he __5__ my family with joy.
Then, __6__ happened. My mum was diagnosed with breast cancer when I was 11. Then my grandma, who was my __7__， passed away. My sister developed Crohn’s disease and while being tested, __8__ a heart attack. I was being bullied at school and started to __9__ classes and avoid seeing people.
Flash soon gave me all the __10__ he could offer. There were times when I felt there was no __11__， but a pair of brown eyes and loving face would somehow ease me. I knew he was __12__ there for me. I knew he understood.
Now after 15 years, Flash was __13__. I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him. I __14__ in a nonprofit organization in Southampton and contributed about 3，500 hours to __15__ children with special needs, which completely changed my life. I learned to love the __16__ I had been on, and even accept the __17__ bits.
I still miss Flash. It was him that had somehow __18__ me to help others. Flash’s death was one of the __19__ moments of my life. But it was also an inspiring moment that __20__ who I was—in the best possible way—forever.
【解题导语】 陪伴“我”多年的狗去世了，“我”悲痛欲绝，因为它曾经在“我”人生最艰难的时期陪伴“我”；狗离开“我”之后，“我”开始思考如何回报它的陪伴；于是，“我”加入了志愿者服务行列。
1．A.open B．close
C．shine D．fade
B 解析：根据本段第一句中的“my best friend was dying”可知，狗就要去世了，它的眼睛即将永远闭上。故选 B。
2．A.brought B．told
C．saved D．owed
A 解析：根据第二段的内容可知，“我”九岁时，Flash走进“我”的生活，陪伴“我”；由此可知，此处表示它曾经给“我”带来了那么多的快乐。故选A。
3．A.relief B．chance
C．bonus D．reward
D 解析：根据第五段中的“I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him.”可知，为了报答Flash的陪伴，“我”将尽自己的能力做一些事情回报它。故选D。
4．A.mind B．room
C．world D．power
C 解析：根据下文中的“my parents brought this cute dog home”可知，在“我”九岁时，Flash进入“我”的世界。故选C。
5．A.helped B．filled
C．protected D．decorated
B 解析：根据语境可知，Flash让“我”的家充满欢乐。故选 B。
6．A.disasters B．stories
C．wonders D．mistakes
A 解析：根据下文可知，母亲患了癌症，祖母去世了，妹妹也生病了，并且“我”在学校受到同学的欺负。由此可知，“我”的家庭经历了一系列不幸的事情，故选A。
7．A.burden B．trouble
C．strength D．challenge
C 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，祖母当时是“我”的力量源泉。故选C。
8．A.caused B．noticed
C．fought D．suffered
D 解析：根据该句中的“while being tested”和“a heart attack”可推知，妹妹当时在检查的过程中，遭受了心脏病的折磨。故选D。
9．A.skip B．give
C．take D．enjoy
A 解析：根据该句中的“being bullied at school”和“avoid seeing people”可知，“我”当时在学校受到欺负，并且开始避开人群。由此可推知，“我”当时开始逃课。故选A。
10．A.comment B．comfort
C．expectation D．relaxation
B 解析：根据该段中的“ease me”和“I knew he understood.”可知，Flash给了“我”极大的安慰。故选B。
11．A.hope B．time
C．money D．use
A 解析：根据第三段的内容可知，“我”曾经遇到了一系列的不幸，“我”时常感到生活没有了希望，但是Flash棕色的眼睛、可爱的脸庞总是能让“我”感到宽慰。故选A。
12．A.frequently B．sometimes
C．hardly D．always
D 解析：根据上文可知，Flash总是能够在“我”最困难的时候，一直陪伴“我”。故选D。
13．A.aging B．gone
C．missing D．deserted
B 解析：根据本文第一句并结合该句可知，现在，15年后，Flash去世了。故选B。
14．A.searched B．competed
C．volunteered D．performed
C 解析：根据下文中的“a nonprofit organization”和“contributed about 3，500 hours”可知，“我”自愿在一家非营利机构工作。故选C。
15．A.attending to B．meeting with
C．talking about D．bringing up
A 解析：根据下文中的“children with special needs”可知，“我”贡献了大约3 500个小时来照看有特殊需要的孩子。故选A。A项意为“照料”。
16．A.earth B．journey
C．holiday D．street
B 解析：根据上文中的“which completely changed my life”可知，通过志愿者服务，“我”的生活完全变了，“我”开始喜欢自己过去所经历的旅程，甚至接受了最难接受的那些事情。故选B。
17．A.fantastic B．absurd
C．hard D．pleasant
C 解析：参见上题解析。
18．A.led B．forced
C．trained D．persuaded
A 解析：根据空前一句“I still miss Flash.”及下文中的“an inspiring moment”可知，Flash引导“我”去帮助他人。故选A。
19．A.fullest B．craziest
C．tiniest D．saddest
D 解析：根据第一段中的“Heartbroken”可知，Flash的去世是“我”人生中最难过的时刻之一。故选D。
20．A.explained B．transformed
C．admitted D．described
B 解析：根据第五段中的“which completely changed my life”并结合本段内容可知，Flash的去世也是让“我”发生改变的时刻。故选B。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
[学生用书P377(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·安徽五校质检)Are you a procrastinator(拖延者)? It’s a common problem. And it can be harmful, as previous research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower wellbeing, reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.
Psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people：“Present Me” and “Future Me”. “People act as if they prefer their current selves’ needs and desires to those of their future selves，” wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman.
Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine exactly how “Future Me” would feel the night before a big paper was due, though “Present Me” hadn’t started yet. They made “Present Me” think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years.
Thinking about events in this_way meant that something like a friend’s wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.
The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years. For example, participants imagined they had a newborn child, and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6，570 days. The researchers found those in the “days” condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years” condition.
So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.
【解题导语】 本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法。
1．What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?
A．To work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.
B．To find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.
C．To discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of wellbeing.
D．To prove it’s helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，Oyserman和Lewis想要通过他们的研究去验证把“现在的我”和“将来的我”联系起来是否会对应对拖延症有一定的帮助，故选D。
2．The underlined part “this way” in Paragraph 4 refers to “________”．
A．setting up tough deadlines
B．following schedules strictly
C．counting in smaller units of time
D．imagining how your future self will feel
C 解析：词义猜测题。承接第三段最后一句“They made ‘Present Me’ think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years.”可推知，画线部分是指用更小的时间单位去计量，故选C。
3．What helps prevent people from procrastinating?
A．Comparing their future selves with present selves.
B．Considering their current selves’ needs and desires.
C．Thinking about faroff events in days rather than years.
D．Marking important events on a calendar as a reminder.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容以及最后一段“So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.”可推知，用天而不是用年去考虑将来所发生的事情会帮助拖延者不再拖延，故选C。
4．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．A way to get things done in time.
B．The harmful effects of procrastination.
C．The reason to overlook future needs and desires.
D．The way to reduce stress and improve happiness.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.”，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法，故选A。
B
(2020·江西三校联考)A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities.
The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated(复杂的) artificial intelligence algorithms(演算法) may soon have the ability to peer_into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.
“Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality，” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team followed 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determined their personality traits with “wellestablished questionnaires” for determining the personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.
The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person’s major personality traits, such as “neuroticism, extraversion(外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as curiosity”， the scientists wrote.
“The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other hightech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines，” Loetscher said.
“People are always looking for improved, personalized services. Today’s robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to nonverbal information，” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by The Indian Express. This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.
The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in Britain’s Daily Mail newspaper.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究。
5．What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Understand. B．Stare at.
C．Search for. D．Concern about.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul.”，并结合对第一段的整体理解可推知，此处peer into与第一段中的“read”相呼应，故选A。
6．How did the researchers conduct the research?
A．It was carried out in a lab.
B．42 study subjects’ eye movements were recorded.
C．The students’ daily movements were tracked.
D．Its subjects’ personalities were determined by computer.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究是通过追踪42个研究对象并记录他们的眼球运动来开展的，故选B。
7．According to Tobias Loetscher, what can we know?
A．Robots and computers are socially conscious.
B．People care less about improved, personalized services.
C．Today’s robots and computers can accustom to nonverbal information.
D．The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对倒数第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究发现有助于改善人类和机器的互动，故选D。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Human Personality Traits
B．What Human Eye Movements Are
C．Tell Personalities by Eye Movements
D．How Humans and Machines Interact
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究，故选C。
七选五
(2020·合肥第二次质检)What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. 1.________ Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times.
Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian(爬行动物的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, and to “look good”. Let’s just face it. 2.________ So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger, impatience, blame and shame. We all have them. And we can grow beyond them.
Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions—we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 3.________
Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings. 4.________ But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening, the resistance.
5．________ When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens to me when I’m bothered.” You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”
A．Practice positive selftalk.
B．So the solution to pain is an inside job.
C．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways.
D．Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times.
E．We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.
F．The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habitforming.
G．Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有效的方法。
1．G 解析：根据空后一句“Thus, when the big ones come, we will... hard times.”可知，成功地培养耐心需要花费精力，因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛苦及烦恼的能力，因此当更大的麻烦来临时，我们将已经有耐心应对困难的时刻。故G项符合语境。
2．F 解析：根据空后的“So the first step... blame and shame.”可推知，保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的冲动绝对是由习惯养成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的本性。故选F。
3．B 解析：根据空前一句“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set.”可知，问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上，而是出现在我们的思考方式上，因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。故选B。
4．E 解析：根据空前一句“Most of us don’t really realize it... painful feelings.”及空后的“get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you”可知，我们经常忽略了这样一个事实，即我们处于痛苦之中，而我们关注的焦点总是全部集中在解决问题上。
5．A 解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句；通读本段可知，本段主要是说要积极地自我对话，故A项符合语境。
语法填空
(2020·长春质量监测一)It used to be common to see US teenagers busy at fastfood restaurants cooking burgers and 1.____________(clean) tables, especially during the summer vacation. 2.____________， the scene is becoming less common.
Instead of finding summer jobs, many US teenagers are spending 3.____________(they) free time taking classes. According to The Atlantic, this change partly results 4.____________the low teen earnings paying little toward the costs of college. For many students who are going to attend college, the money from summer jobs doesn’t live up to their 5.____________(expect) at all. Meanwhile, US teenagers’ increasing interest in education 6.____________(account) for this as well. They go to summer school to learn 7.____________they might not have time for after they leave school, which 8.____________(consider) as a wise choice.
Despite this, a summer job is still believed to benefit teenagers. Early work experience is 9.____________human activity that develops people’s social skills. When kids are working, they gradually gain 10.____________(practice) knowledge and understanding of the labor market.
【解题导语】 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国青少年暑期生活的变化。
1．cleaning 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与前面的cooking并列作be busy(in) doing sth.结构的宾语。
2．However 解析：考查副词。由上文中的“It used to be common”以及空后的“the scene is becoming less common”可知，此处前后句构成转折关系，故用However。
3．their 解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处修饰名词free time，故应用they的形容词性物主代词their在句中作定语，表示“他们的”。
4．from 解析：考查固定搭配。这种变化部分是由青少年得到的薪水很低而难以支付大学的费用造成的。result from “(由……而)造成”为固定搭配。
5．expectations 解析：考查词性转换和名词的单复数。根据语境及空前的“their”可知，空处应用expect的名词复数形式，表示“他们的那些期望”。
6．accounts 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，文章介绍的是一般情况，且主语是US teenagers’ increasing interest，因此谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式accounts。
7．what 解析：考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词learn的宾语，指物，因此填what。
8．is considered 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，文章介绍的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，此处表示“这被认为是一个明智的选择”，应用被动语态，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
9．a 解析：考查冠词。根据空前的“is”和空后的“human activity”可知，此处表示泛指“一项人类活动”，且human的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
10．practical 解析：考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用practical “实用的”。
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