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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．presentation n． 展示，介绍；颁发；提交，出示
2．constant adj. 连续发生的，不断的；恒定的
3．worn adj. 破旧的；疲惫的
4．function vi. 起作用，正常运转
n. 作用，功能；职能
5．operator n. 操作人员
6．passive adj. 被动的
7．electric adj. 电的，电动的
8．biology n. 生物学
9．fade vi. 逐渐消失；(使)变淡；走下坡路，
衰落
10．exit n. 出口；离去，退场
vi.& vt. 出去，离去，退场
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．sightseeing n. 观光，游览
2．confident adj. 自信的；肯定的，有把握的
3．neighbourhood n. 街区；邻近的地方
4．disadvantage n. 缺点；不利因素，障碍
5．monitor n. (计算机)显示器；监测器；班长
vt.& vi. 监视
6．importance n. 重要性
7．pack vt. 收拾(行李)，装箱；包装
n. 纸袋，纸盒；大背包；
一群，一捆，一包
8．master n. 主宰；主人；大师
vt. 精通，掌握；控制
9．accuse vt. 控诉，控告；谴责
10．escape vi. & vt. 逃跑，逃离，逃脱；避免，
避开；被遗忘，被忽视
n. 逃离，逃脱
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊诧→amazement n．惊奇，惊愕，惊诧→amazed adj.惊奇的，吃惊的→amazing adj.令人吃惊的
2．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointment n．失望
3．convenience n．方便，便利；便利的设施或用具→convenient adj.方便的
4．impression n．印象，感想→impressive adj.印象深刻的→impress vt.给……以深刻印象；使铭记
5．injure vt.伤害，损害→injury n．伤害，损害；负伤
6．disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disable vt.使残疾→disability n．残疾
7．reality n．现实，事实→real adj.真实的→really adv.真正地
8．secure adj.安全的；有把握的；稳固的，坚固的vt.获得；使安全→security n．安全
9．social adj.社交的，交际的；社会的→society n．社会，社团
10．terror n．惊恐，恐惧→terrify vt.使恐惧→terrified adj.惊恐的→terrifying adj.令人惊恐的
1.攻破各大“专业”
①biology 生物学
②ecology 生态学
③geology 地质学
④psychology 心理学
⑤sociology 社会学
⑥zoology 动物学
⑦physiology 生理学
⑧archeology 考古学
2.“n.＋hood”名词集锦
①neighbourhood 街坊
②childhood 童年
③boyhood 少年时代
④adulthood 成年
⑤manhood 男子气概
⑥brotherhood 手足之情
⑦parenthood 父母身份
3.“连续不断的”各种表达
①continuous ②constant
③running ④successive
4．攻克“电”相关词
①electricity ②electric
③electrical ④electronic
⑤wireless
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．add_to 使增强，使增加，使扩大
2．connect_with/to 与……连接
3．give_out/off 放出(声、光、气等)
4．put_forward 提出，提议
5．in_the_convenience_of 在……方面是方便的
6．carry_out 执行；实行；贯彻
7．in_the_long_term/run 从长远来看
8．compared_with 与……比较起来
9．as_to 至于，关于
10．set_up 设立，建立
11．be_concerned_about 关心，挂念
12．last_but_not_least 最后但同样重要的
13．speak_of 说起，谈到
14．be_filled_with 充满
15．blow_up 爆炸；使爆炸
16．hold_on_to 紧紧抓住
17．in_terror 惊恐地
18．all_of_a_sudden 突然
1.“连接，结/联合”短语展示
①link to 连接到……
②relate to 涉及，连接
③connect with/to 与……连接
④combine with 与……联合
⑤associate with 联合
2.“v.＋forward”短语速记
①move forward 向前移动
②step forward 向前走
③go forward 前行
④put forward 提出，提议
⑤look forward 向前看
3.least相关短语集合
①at least 至少
②not in the least 一点也不
③least of all 最不；尤其不
④last but not least 最后但同等重要的是
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：not only...but (also)．..
不但……而且……
Not_only will he or she feel every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma, but the user will also experience the cold, smells, sights and sounds of the surrounding environment...
他/她不仅能感受到攀登珠穆朗玛峰的每一步的艰辛，还能体验到周围环境的寒冷、气味、景观和声音……
句型2：过去分词(短语)作状语
This kind of urban planning is in the long term cheaper and more practical，compared_with the way most urban planning is done today.
从长远来看，这种城市规划比现在大多数的城市规划更便宜、更实用。
句型3：it’s about/high time (that) sb.did/should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了
In my opinion, it_is_about_time we had new computers.
在我看来，是时候我们该有新电脑了。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A lunchtime escape(休息；解脱) allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized.
2．It’s a difficult skill to master(掌握), but once obtained, it will benefit you for the rest of your life.
3．If you want to succeed, I think that setting a goal for yourself is of great importance(重要性)．
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We are confident(自信的) that we can win this competition.
5．(2019·天津卷)A war injury(injure) has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison.
6．The results have been carefully checked and compared(compare)．
7．This small mountain village is so perfect a place for holidays that visitors never leave it feeling disappointed(disappoint)．
8．We bought this house for convenience(convenient); it’s near the shops and the railway station.
9．The document is very important and it should be kept in a secure(security) place.
10．You will be amazed(amaze) at how much this little tool will help you balance your life for health and growth.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He was disabled in a car accident and his disability prevented him from holding any job.(disable)
2．To my disappointment,_I saw a disappointed expression on his face due to his disappointing test score.(disappoint)
3．His friendliness and kindness gave us a strong impression. In other words, we were all impressed by his friendliness and kindness.(impress)
4．In the terrible crash of school bus, many children were injured,_and even some suffered severe injuries to the heads and arms.(injure)
5．To my amazement,_the amazing news amazed the whole class and their teachers were also amazed．(amaze)
6．There is a very real difference between a dream and reality．(real)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
last but not least; as to; add to; be filled with; all of a sudden
They were on their way to travel to a new city. 1.All_of_a_sudden,_the gas gave out.To make things even worse, they forgot to bring water, which 2.added_to their helplessness. To their amazement, a person came and helped them, but left before they could say thanks.They 3.were_filled_with gratitude. After the visit, they had a good impression of the scene of the city. 4.As_to the urban conveniences, they also enjoyed them. 5.Last_but_not_least,_they loved the kind people there.
compared with; in the long term/run; connect with; put forward; carry out; set up
Last year, the government 6.put_forward a plan to 7.set_up a crosssea bridge to 8.connect_with two cities. After many arguments, the plan has been 9.carried_out. 10.Compared_with the bridges in the past, the new one is wider and more modern. 11.In_the_long_term/run,_it will benefit millions of people.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．不但是我喜欢这部电影，我的妈妈也很喜欢它。
Not_only_do_I_like this movie, but my mother also likes it.
2．和我们可怜的小房子相比，他的家是一座宫殿。
His home is a palace compared_with_our_poor_little_house．
3．到了当地政府该采取措施保护环境的时候了。
It’s_high_time_that the local government took/should_take_measures_to protect the environment.
amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊诧
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①a.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.Many visitors were amazed(amaze) by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.
b．(福建卷)It is really amazing(amaze) that the onceruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school.
②From his amazing look, we know he saw this scene for the first time.amazing→amazed
[能力提升]——一句多译
他取得了这么大的进步，令我感到惊讶。
③To_my_amazement,_he has made such great progress.(amazement)
④He has made such great progress, which_makes_me_amazed．(定语从句，amazed)
⑤It_amazes_me_that he has made such great progress.(it作形式主语)
⑥What_amazes_me_is that he has made such great progress.(what引导的主语从句)
(1)amazed adj． 吃惊的，惊讶的
be amazed at/with 对……惊讶
be amazed to do... 做……很惊讶
(2)amazing adj. 使人惊讶的
(3)amazement n. 惊讶，惊诧
in amazement 惊讶地
to one’s amazement 令某人惊讶的是
[佳句背诵] We were amazed to learn that she had left the hospital DS| 18 million.
得知她把1 800万美元留给了医院，我们感到很惊讶。
[联想发散] 可用于“to one’s＋n.”结构的抽象名词还有delight，surprise，satisfaction，astonishment，disappointment。
confident adj.自信的；肯定的，确信的，有把握的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①You are too shy；you should have more confidence in yourself.
②His confident(confidence) words have cleared up our doubts about how the plan will be carried out.
③Compared with them, we’re more confident of success.
④Tom was highly thought of in the company. The manager had confidence(confident) of his ability.
(1)be confident in 相信，信任
be confident about/of sth./that... 确信……
(2)confidence n. 信心，自信
have confidence in 对……有信心
[佳句背诵] I am confident that everything will come out right in the end. 我相信一切最终都会好起来的。
injure vt.损害；伤害
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(天津卷)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would have_been_injured(injure)．
②A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured(injure) to the hospital.
③He suffered injuries(injure) to his legs and arms when he fell off the tree.
④She injured(injure) herself while skating, which made her parents very worried.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤我的左脚受了重伤，不能按计划和你一起去了。
With_my_left_foot_seriously_injured，I can’t go with you as planned.
(1)injured adj． 受伤的
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
[佳句背诵] A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.
在我首次参加马拉松的一个月前，我的一个脚踝受伤了，这意味着我两周内不能跑步，只剩下两周的训练时间。(2018·北京卷)
disadvantage n．缺点；不利因素，障碍
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①When seeking for a job，a college graduate is at a disadvantage in terms of working experience.
②The school library is a resource of which you can take advantage to make progress.
③The hotel is not very modern，but it does have the advantage(disadvantage) of being close to the city centre.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(江苏卷)父母应积极催促孩子利用这一机会参加运动队。
Parents should actively urge their children to_take_advantage_of_the_opportunity to join sports teams.
(1)at a disadvantage 处于不利地位
(2)advantage n. 优势；有利条件
advantages and disadvantages 利与弊
take advantage of 利用
have an advantage over 胜过
[佳句背诵] Besides，every student may have different weak and strong subjects，so they should learn from each other so that they can have more advantages than disadvantages. 此外，每个学生都有不同的弱势学科和优势学科，因此他们应该彼此学习，从而有更多的优点而不是缺点。(广东卷)
accuse vt. 控诉；控告；指责；谴责
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A footballer was_accused(accuse) of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.
②For lack of enough evidence, the accused(accuse) was allowed to go free.
[能力提升]——一句多译
由于被指控偷钱，这个人被带到了法庭。
③Accused_of_stealing_money,_the man was brought to the court. (accuse)
④Charged_with_stealing_money,_the man was brought to the court. (charge)
(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth.＝charge sb.with (doing) sth． 因(做)某事指控某人
(2)the accused 被告
[佳句背诵] A piece of bad news has been spread that the rich man has been accused of doing good things only to achieve a good reputation.
一条不好的消息已经传播开来：那位富人被指责做好事只是为了沽名钓誉。
escape v．逃跑；逃脱；逃避；被忘记 n．逃跑；解脱，消遣
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Whoever breaks the law won’t escape punishment/being_punished(punish)．
②He ever had a narrow escape from the adventurous sport, so he doesn’t dare to try it again.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)The woman managed_to_escape_from_the_fire(成功逃出火场) with her baby. She was extremely terrified and exhausted.
④(高级表达)The woman managed_to_escape_from_the_fire_with_her_baby,_extremely_terrified_and_exhausted. (形容词作状语)
(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃脱(做)某事
escape from/out of... 从……逃跑，逃走
(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生
[佳句背诵] With the greatest of luck he managed to escape from the rising flood waters.
非常幸运，他设法从快速上涨的洪水中逃脱。
[词块助记]
escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意/被某人忽视
a fire escape 安全门
add...to... 往……加入……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①a.(2019·北京卷)For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method.
b．(2018·浙江卷6月)And an unexpected shower added to the difficulty of us in finding a way home, for all the tracks we had made disappeared because of the rain.
②The president agreed, added that he hoped for a peaceful solution to the dispute.added→adding
[能力提升]——完成句子
③请把这些数字加起来，我确信总数会超过1 000。
Please add_up the numbers and I’m sure it will add_up_to more than 1，000.
(1)add to 增加；增添
add up 把……加起来
add up to 加起来共计/达
(2)add that 补充说
[佳句背诵] The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
这本字典过时了：自从它出版，很多单词被增加到这种语言中。(天津卷)
[词块助记]
little steps add up to big dreams
小进步成就大梦想
put forward 提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
[基础练习]——用put的相关短语填空
①They have put_forward the date of their wedding by one week.
②I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I’ll put_forward Li Hua as a candidate.
③I can put_up_with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
④First he opened a shop and then he put_up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他在会上提出了一个解决难题的好主意。
⑤He came_up_with_a_good_idea_to_solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
⑥He put_forward_a_good_idea_to_solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存
put away 放好；积蓄
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；生产
put up 举起；张贴；公布；挂起；建造
put up with 忍受；容忍
put down 写出；记下
[佳句背诵] Before we carried out the plan, various ideas had been put forward by my classmates.
在我们实施这项计划之前，同学们提出了不同的想法。(2017·北京卷)
[联想发散] “想出，提出”短语：
①put_forward；②come_up_with；③bring_up．
not only...but (also)．..不但……而且……
(教材P42)Not only will he or she feel every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma，but the user will also experience the cold，smells，sights and sounds of the surrounding environment...
他/她不仅能感受到攀登珠穆朗玛峰的每一步的艰辛，还能体验到周围环境的寒冷、气味、景观和声音……
[基础练习]——完成句子
①They are not_only_experienced_and_knowledgeable_but_also_patient(不仅经验丰富、知识渊博，而且有耐心) and understanding.
②Not_only_did_we_learn_more_about_English_culture_and_its_customs(我们不仅了解了更多的英国文化和习俗), but we also learned about the British lifestyle.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)As we all know, reading classics can not only improve our studying career but also enrich our everyday life.
(高级表达)As we all know, not_only_can_reading_classics_improve_our_studying_career but it can also enrich our everyday life.(倒装)
not only...but (also)．..意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分。
(1)用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不但……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)若连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
(3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
[佳句背诵] Yao Qizhi, a professor of Tsinghua University, is famous not only in the field of computer but also in the field of AI.
姚期智，一名清华大学教授，不仅在计算机领域而且在人工智能领域都很有名。
it’s about/high time (that) sb. did/should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了
(教材P53)In my opinion，it is about time we had new computers. 在我看来，是时候我们该有新电脑了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①This is the first time I have_spoken(speak) in front of so many people.
②It is high time that we took/should_take(take) immediate action to solve the problem.
[能力提升]——一句多译
到了他考虑如何处理这笔钱的时候了。
③It’s_time_for_him_to_consider what to do with the money.
④It’s_time_that_he_considered/should_consider what to do with the money.
(1)it’s about/high time sb.did/should do sth.意为“是某人该做某事的时候了”。
(2)it’s time (for sb.) to do sth.意为“是该(某人)做某事的时候了”。
(3)it/this/that is/was the...time (that) sb.has/had done sth.意为“这/那是某人第……次做某事”。
[佳句背诵] It’s about/high time you got a job and settled down.
到了你找份工作安顿下来的时候了。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．It is high time that the country attached/should_attach(attach) importance to energy saving and environment protection.
2．It’s reported that the driver tried to escape being_punished(punish) after knocking four people to death.
3．Not only food and clothes but also some necessary equipment was_sent(send) to the disasterhit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.
4．Bill always seems so confident (confidence)，but in reality he’s extremely shy.
5．—How long do you plan to stay with this company if hired(hire)?
—I don’t really have a plan.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．Her Olympic experience gave her a big advantage over others for the final victory.
2．—What are the workers talking about?
—They are discussing the idea put forward at the meeting yesterday.
3．(浙江卷)I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and set up specific rules against such behaviour.
4．This company was accused of using misleading advertisements in its promotion of the weightloss pills.
5．President Xi’s New Year Speech made a deep impression on us.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required to process the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.损伤
2．One of the disadvantages of online shopping is that our information is known to other people.缺点
3．Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遗忘
4．They have made amazing achievements in the past few years, shocking many people.令人惊讶的
5．To my relief, they sound confident about the future of the company.自信的
6．A piece of constructive advice is put forward at the meeting that these traditional customs should be preserved.提出
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．I expected my instructions to be carrying out to the letter.carrying→carried
2．The bad weather added more difficulties in rescuing the drowning girl.在added后加to
3．I think her outstanding performance at the party was really amazed.amazed→amazing
4．He glanced at the note, put aside and went on with the meeting.在put后加it
5．He rejected all the proposals that put forward by the committee.删除that或在that后加were
6．A prisoner has escaped a jail in northern England.在escaped后加from
7．Not only do travel give people relaxation and pleasure, but it increases their knowledge.do→does
8．It’s high time that we must set about doing our homework.删除must或must→should
维度五 完成句子
1．他给我的第一印象是他是个善良而且有思想的年轻人。
My first_impression_of_him_was_that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
2．如果孩子们对日常生活中的一切事情都感觉无忧无虑的话，他们就不会努力学习了。
Children won’t work hard if they feel_secure_about_everything_in_their_daily_life．
3．腿上受伤使我不能像往常一样走得快了。
Being_injured_in_the_leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.
4．客人们一到学校门口，我们就表示了对他们的热烈欢迎。
On/Upon_the_guests’_arrival_at_the_school_gate,_we gave them a warm welcome.
5．她得到这份工作是因为她懂多种语言，这比其他人有优势。
She’s got the job because she has_an_advantage_over_others of knowing many languages.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
On 1.arriving(arrive) in Mausu Desert, you might be disappointed, because there is no desert! 2.Compared(compare) with other deserts, Mausu Desert seems unworthy of its name. However, many years ago, the scene was different. People living there said that desertification was very serious then, so they thought that 3.it was high time that they took measures to fight against the nature. They carried out a series of projects, and insisted on planting trees from generation to generation. More 4.importantly(importance), environmental awareness is rooted deeply in people’s heart. It is a rule that no one can escape being 5.punished(punish) for cutting trees casually. So far they have made an 6.amazing(amaze) achievement. Now, not only is the environment improved, 7.but also people there enjoy a life full of 8.happiness(happy). It 9.is_believed(believe) that Mausu Desert will disappear in the near future. They succeed because they have confidence 10.in themselves.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①科学技术的不断发展给我们带来了许多便利。
The constant development of science and technology has brought_us_much_convenience．
②以最新的智能手机为例，我们不仅可以打电话、发短信，还可以用它来上网、网上聊天、收发电子邮件等。
Take the latest smart phones for_example．We can make_phone_calls and send_text_messages with it. We can also surf the Internet, chat online and receive or send emails，etc.
③借助于虚拟现实技术，我们足不出户就可以周游世界。
We can go_sightseeing around the world by_using_the_technology of Virtual Reality without leaving our homes.
④我们相信科学技术将会给我们更多惊喜。
We are_confident_that science and technology will give_us_more_surprises．
⑤尽管这些发明给我们带来了快乐，在我们的生活中起着重要的作用，但我们也不能忽视它们的缺点。
Though these inventions have brought_us_happiness and are performing an_important_function in our life，we shouldn’t ignore_their_disadvantages．
⑥在我们享受科技成就带给我们的这一切的同时，我们也要学会利用科学技术来保护我们的家园——地球。
While we are enjoying what the scientific achievements have brought us, we have to learn to take_advantage_of the science and technology to protect_our_home—the earth.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用“not only...but also...”升级句②
Take_the_latest_smart_phones_for_example.Not_only_can_we_make_phone_calls_and_send_text_messages_with_it,_but_also_we_can_surf_the_Internet,_chat_online_and_receive_or_send_emails,_etc.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：last but not least)
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One possible version：
The constant development of science and technology has brought us much convenience.Take the latest smart phones for example.Not only can we make phone calls and send text messages with it, but also we can surf the Internet, chat online and receive or send emails, etc.We can go sightseeing around the world by using the technology of Virtual Reality without leaving our homes.We are confident that science and technology will give us more surprises.Though these inventions have brought us happiness and are performing an important function in our life, we shouldn’t ignore their disadvantages.Last but not least, while we are enjoying what the scientific achievements have brought us，we have to learn to take advantage of the science and technology to protect our home—the earth.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020·阜阳诊断性测试)
Artificial intelligence(AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like liver cancer in ways that were never before possible.
Rishi Rawat, who teaches AI at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, is part of a team of scientists researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the liver. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that’s important for making decisions.”
David Agus is another researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.”
Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Nowadays, researchers take a thin piece of tissue(组织), put it on a small piece of glass and add color to see the cells better. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.
The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.
The researchers of the university are now only studying liver cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.
【解题导语】 人工智能有望很快作为一种有用的工具帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。
1．What can AI do with the help of the information provided by the researchers?
A．Recognize cancer patterns.
B．Treat liver cancer.
C．Collect useful information.
D．Store cancerous cells.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He says, ‘You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns...making decisions.’”可知，人工智能可以根据对其输入的数据来学习该模式，并进行癌症模式的识别。
2．What can we learn about AI?
A．It will be able to replace doctors.
B．Patients are unlikely to be cancerous again with its help.
C．It is making a difference in taking care of patients.
D．It can recognize cancer more accurately.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Through machine learning...are organized.”可知，人工智能可以识别复杂的模式或结构，同时了解细胞是如何组成的。由此可推知，人工智能可以更精确地识别癌症。
3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of AI?
A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful.
C．Curious. D．Cold.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知，人工智能将能够快速识别癌症，并且应用到治疗各种癌症之中。由此可推知，作者对人工智能的未来持乐观的态度。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．AI Is Used to Treat Cancers
B．AI May Compete with Doctors
C．AI May Make Doctors Better
D．AI Is Better at Curing Cancers
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据对文章的整体理解可推知，人工智能有望很快作为一种有用的工具帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。
B
(2020·成都第二次诊断)
A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and we have to develop them all on our own，” said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互相依赖) of the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to，” said Wood.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, offboard power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a builtin power source, so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insectscale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead，” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a daytoday basis.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了首个机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，有望在未来执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务。
5．What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?
A．It’s automatic.
B．It’s very small.
C．It’s controllable.
D．It’s quite powerful.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.”可知，这种飞行器设计初衷是为了能做苍蝇做的事，它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大，微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行受控的飞行任务；据此可知，该机器苍蝇飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小，故B项正确。
6．We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can ________．
A．act as a spy plane
B．help do farm work
C．fly at a very high speed
D．answer many scientific questions
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield”可知，某一天这种飞行器可能用于执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务；据此可推知，该飞行器可以用作间谍飞机，故A项正确。
7．What is Wood’s idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?
A．It is highly questionable.
B．It has wide practical applications.
C．It gives scientists interest in flying machines.
D．It points to a new direction in studying biology.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“Yet，the power...could have much broader applications.”并结合Wood所说的话可知，Wood认为这种飞行器使用范围很广泛，故B项正确。
8．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Harvard’s Study in the Field of Insects
B．A Breakthrough in Engineering Science
C．An Interesting Invention—Robotic Fly
D．Robotic Fly—a Copy of the Real Life Insect
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了首个机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，有望在未来执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务。故D项最适合作本文标题。
完形填空
(2020·重庆调研)In a remote village, selling chestnuts was the main source of livelihood for local villagers. In late autumn, the hills were covered by the trees and chestnuts were __1__ from the branches of the trees, which __2__ with the wind attracting local villagers to __3__ them at this time of year.
The villagers took the chestnuts, carried them home and __4__ them out. The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them according to their __5__， and then transported them to the city for wholesale or retail. Every villager knew that if they wanted to sell for a good price, what really __6__ was to send the selected chestnuts to the market first. Many families, which were short of __7__， would go to the nearby villages to hire workers with high __8__．
Still, to many people’s __9__， there was a young man in the village who could never need help, __10__ he had limited hands. He lived with his blind and old mother. He always arrived at the market one step ahead of the other ones __11__ he could sell out of all the chestnuts and then happily drove back with his truck __12__．
The secret of the young man was: after picking chestnuts, he put them __13__ into a sack(麻袋) and carried them to the truck. When he set out, he chose the road, __14__ and bumpy(不平的), to go, __15__ the small ones would jump to the __16__ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag. It would save time for classification and selection. When inquired how he found the way, the young man __17__：“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way. This is not an accident but a(n) __18__ result.”
There will always be people who get __19__ or complain when they hear bad news. As a matter of fact, if you use your head, you will be __20__ to the people and things in the environment. When you turn your mind into action to move forward step by step, you can also create a new world for yourself.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了一个年轻人用便捷的方法筛选栗子的故事，进而启迪读者——世上无难事，只怕有心人。
1．A.holding B．filling
C．planting D．hanging
D 解析：根据语境及常识可知，山丘上遍布树木，栗子从树枝上垂下来(hanging)，故选D。
2．A.fell B．shook
C．jumped D．folded
B 解析：根据空后的“with the wind”可推知，栗子随风摇动(shook)，吸引当地的村民们在一年中的这个时候来采摘(pick)，故选B。
3．A.enjoy B．view
C．seek D．pick
D 解析：参见上题解析。
4．A.poured B．took
C．thought D．figured
A 解析：根据下文中的“The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them”可推知，村民们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒(poured)出来，然后才能进行筛选和分类，故选A。
5．A.shape B．size
C．taste D．color
B 解析：根据下文中的“the small ones would jump to the ______ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，整个家庭根据栗子的大小(size)进行筛选和分类，故选B。
6．A.mattered B．cared
C．interested D．minded
A 解析：根据语境可推知，真正要紧(mattered)的是要把挑选好的栗子先送到市场上去，故选A。
7．A.hands B．power
C．experience D．ways
A 解析：根据下文中的“he had limited hands”可推知，许多家庭在这个时候就会缺少人手，会去附近的村子里以高薪(salary)雇人干活，故选A。
8．A.quality B．quantity
C．money D．salary
D 解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.puzzlement B．relief
C．astonishment D．delight
A 解析：根据上文可知，在栗子收获的季节许多家庭往往缺少人手，并结合下文可知，这个年轻人从不需要帮忙，由此可推知，这点让很多人困惑(puzzlement)，故选A。
10．A.only if B．as if
C．even if D．if only
C 解析：根据语境可知，即使(even if)这个年轻人人手有限，但他从不需要帮助。
11．A.which B．where
C．whom D．who
B 解析：分析句子结构可知，本句是一个定语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词“the market”，故选B。
12．A.full B．filled
C．empty D．loaded
C 解析：根据空前的“he could sell out of all the chestnuts”可知，他能够卖光自己所有的栗子，然后开心地开着空(empty)卡车回家，故选C。
13．A.suddenly B．shortly
C．directly D．hurriedly
C 解析：根据上文可知，人们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒出来，然后进行筛选和分类，最后才运到市场上卖掉，而这个年轻人直接(directly)把采摘的栗子装进麻袋里，将它们搬上卡车，故选C。
14．A.tough B．rough
C．regular D．smooth
B 解析：由空后的“bumpy”为并列结构可推知，他选择的路是高低不平的(rough)，故选B。
15．A.even B．or
C．but D．so
D 解析：根据语境可知，空处前后表示逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果，故选D。
16．A.hole B．tip
C．middle D．bottom
D 解析：根据下文中的“and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，小些的栗子会快速移动到袋子的底部(bottom)，而大些的栗子会留在上面，故选D。
17．A.sighed B．excited
C．smiled D．sneezed
C 解析：根据空后的内容可推知，这个年轻人当时是微笑(smiled)着(说)的。sigh“叹气”；excite“使激动，使兴奋”；sneeze“打喷嚏”。
18．A.unexpected B．necessary
C．accidental D．deliberate
B 解析：根据该句中的“This is not an accident but”可推知，这并非意外，而是必然的(necessary)结果，故选B。
19．A.stricken B．satisfied
C．upset D．surprised
C 解析：根据空后的“or complain when they hear bad news”可知，此处与“complain”并列，故C项符合语境。
20．A.sensitive B．accessible
C．relative D．flexible
A 解析：根据上文年轻人的回答“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way.”和本句中的“if you use your head”可推知，A项符合语境。sensitive“敏感的”；accessible“可进入的”；relative“相对的”；flexible“灵活的”。
课时练2 1篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇改错＋1篇书面表达
阅读理解
(2020·芜湖高三月考)
Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problemsolving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.
The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote”. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.
The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指示), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.
Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们，还能让机器人拥有道德观念，使其更好地为人类服务。
1．What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?
A．They entertain robots.
B．They highlight dangers.
C．They make robots more intelligent.
D．They enable robots to behave morally.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart”可知，童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范，故D项正确。
2．What is “Quixote” in the text?
A．A punishment system.
B．A character in literature.
C．A big name in technology.
D．A kind of software educating robots.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“This system is called ‘Quixote’. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.”可知，这个系统被称为“Quixote”；它从互联网上收集故事情节，然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为，由此可知，Quixote是一种教育机器人的软件，故D项正确。
3．What does the designer expect robots to do in the experiment?
A．To take advantage of its privilege.
B．To finish the task most efficiently.
C．To perform in a wellmannered way.
D．To be rewarded by the storekeeper.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可推知，设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范，故C项正确。
4．Which of the following can best express the author’s opinion?
A．Robots will definitely have more functions.
B．Robots with humans’ emotions are perfect.
C．Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.
D．The development of robots is still in a baby step.
C 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可知，我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观，这样做，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。据此可推知，训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的，故C项正确。
七选五
(2020·湖北八市联考)In the super fastpaced world we live in, happiness may not come as easily as we wish. Here are some tips to make us live happily.
Don’t avoid or ignore negativity.
1．________ This can include people in your life who may be bringing you down, a hostile workplace environment or even a personal stressor that you haven’t conquered quite yet. You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance, it’s up to you to handle them.
Take care of yourself and your needs.
In order to live a powerful and meaningful life, you must love yourself. Take care of your actions and how you live each day, and this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind. 2.________
Mend what’s broken or get rid of it.
Determining what is worth your time and effort and what can be challenging. If situations are beyond repair, it’s time to let go. Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time？3.________ Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have be absent in the past.
4．________
Giving our time, energy, love and sometimes money is what life is about. 5.________ My mom taught me a quote she learned in Mexico that stuck with me forever, “donde come uno, comen dos.(where one can eat, two can eat.)” It moves me every time I say it out loud. At the end of the day, no matter what you have you are likely in a position to give something small to someone else who needs it. Don’t hesitate.
A．Give back.
B．Be positive.
C．Fix them and find peace.
D．Do more of what makes you happy.
E．Love yourself fully in order to love others fully.
F．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us.
G．In order to conquer and overcome, it must be acknowledged.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个快乐生活的建议。
1．G 解析：根据小标题Don’t avoid or ignore negativity. 并结合该段内容可推知，必须先承认其消极性才能战胜和克服它。故选G项。
2．E 解析：根据该段中的“you must love yourself”以及“Take care of your actions and how you live each day”可推知，E项“为了充分地爱别人，要完全地爱自己”符合语境，故选E项。
3．C 解析：根据小标题Mend what’s broken or get rid of it. 以及空前一句可知，修复那些值得你花时间的关系或友谊，故选C项。
4．A 解析：根据文章结构以及空处所在位置可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要是讲要去付出。故选A项。
5．F 解析：根据空前一句可知，生活就是付出我们的时间、精力、爱，有时是金钱，由此可推知，空处应是讲有付出就会有回报。故选F项。
短文改错
(2020·成都第二次诊断)Last year, my friend and I went to visit Mount Huang. We carried two backpacks, that turned out to be pretty heavier for the hike. I am not an experiencing hiker and those endless steps make me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground. But my friend encouraged me great. “Look, the top is coming closer and closer. We are almost there.” I pulled me together and kept going. After threehour exhausting hike to the top, but with wonderful sceneries on the way, we got to the top finally. For our pleasure, we also found a hotel that looked very much inviting.
答案：
Last year, my friend and I went to visit Mount Huang. We carried two backpacks, turned out to be pretty for the hike. I am not an hiker and those endless steps me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground. But my friend encouraged me . “Look, the top is coming closer and closer. We are almost there.” I pulled together and kept going. After threehour exhausting hike to the top, but with wonderful on the way, we got to the top finally. our pleasure, we also found a hotel that looked very inviting.
书面表达
(2020·潍坊统一考试)假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友William寒假期间要来中国游玩，行程中计划在你家住三天，请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．住宿条件；
2．活动安排；
3．其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear William，
I am delighted to know that you are coming to China, and especially excited that you will stay in my house. Now, I’d like to tell you some relevant information about your stay here.
The bedroom in which you will live is bright and pleasant. A variety of books as well as a computer are available. Of course you have easy access to the network. What’s more, I intend to show you around my city where you can visit some places of interest. By the way, we are having a cold winter here. So, be sure to bring your winter clothes.
I am sure you will have a wonderful experience here. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours，
Li Hua
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．presentation n． 展示，介绍；颁发；提交，出示
2．constant adj. 连续发生的，不断的；恒定的
3．worn adj. 破旧的；疲惫的
4．function vi. 起作用，正常运转
n. 作用，功能；职能
5．operator n. 操作人员
6．passive adj. 被动的
7．electric adj. 电的，电动的
8．biology n. 生物学
9．fade vi. 逐渐消失；(使)变淡；走下坡路，
衰落
10．exit n. 出口；离去，退场
vi.& vt. 出去，离去，退场
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．sightseeing n. 观光，游览
2．confident adj. 自信的；肯定的，有把握的
3．neighbourhood n. 街区；邻近的地方
4．disadvantage n. 缺点；不利因素，障碍
5．monitor n. (计算机)显示器；监测器；班长
vt.& vi. 监视
6．importance n. 重要性
7．pack vt. 收拾(行李)，装箱；包装
n. 纸袋，纸盒；大背包；
一群，一捆，一包
8．master n. 主宰；主人；大师
vt. 精通，掌握；控制
9．accuse vt. 控诉，控告；谴责
10．escape vi. & vt. 逃跑，逃离，逃脱；避免，
避开；被遗忘，被忽视
n. 逃离，逃脱
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊诧→amazement n．惊奇，惊愕，惊诧→amazed adj.惊奇的，吃惊的→amazing adj.令人吃惊的
2．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointment n．失望
3．convenience n．方便，便利；便利的设施或用具→convenient adj.方便的
4．impression n．印象，感想→impressive adj.印象深刻的→impress vt.给……以深刻印象；使铭记
5．injure vt.伤害，损害→injury n．伤害，损害；负伤
6．disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disable vt.使残疾→disability n．残疾
7．reality n．现实，事实→real adj.真实的→really adv.真正地
8．secure adj.安全的；有把握的；稳固的，坚固的vt.获得；使安全→security n．安全
9．social adj.社交的，交际的；社会的→society n．社会，社团
10．terror n．惊恐，恐惧→terrify vt.使恐惧→terrified adj.惊恐的→terrifying adj.令人惊恐的
1.攻破各大“专业”
①biology 生物学
②ecology 生态学
③geology 地质学
④psychology 心理学
⑤sociology 社会学
⑥zoology 动物学
⑦physiology 生理学
⑧archeology 考古学
2.“n.＋hood”名词集锦
①neighbourhood 街坊
②childhood 童年
③boyhood 少年时代
④adulthood 成年
⑤manhood 男子气概
⑥brotherhood 手足之情
⑦parenthood 父母身份
3.“连续不断的”各种表达
①continuous ②constant
③running ④successive
4．攻克“电”相关词
①electricity ②electric
③electrical ④electronic
⑤wireless
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．add_to 使增强，使增加，使扩大
2．connect_with/to 与……连接
3．give_out/off 放出(声、光、气等)
4．put_forward 提出，提议
5．in_the_convenience_of 在……方面是方便的
6．carry_out 执行；实行；贯彻
7．in_the_long_term/run 从长远来看
8．compared_with 与……比较起来
9．as_to 至于，关于
10．set_up 设立，建立
11．be_concerned_about 关心，挂念
12．last_but_not_least 最后但同样重要的
13．speak_of 说起，谈到
14．be_filled_with 充满
15．blow_up 爆炸；使爆炸
16．hold_on_to 紧紧抓住
17．in_terror 惊恐地
18．all_of_a_sudden 突然
1.“连接，结/联合”短语展示
①link to 连接到……
②relate to 涉及，连接
③connect with/to 与……连接
④combine with 与……联合
⑤associate with 联合
2.“v.＋forward”短语速记
①move forward 向前移动
②step forward 向前走
③go forward 前行
④put forward 提出，提议
⑤look forward 向前看
3.least相关短语集合
①at least 至少
②not in the least 一点也不
③least of all 最不；尤其不
④last but not least 最后但同等重要的是
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：not only...but (also)．..
不但……而且……
Not_only will he or she feel every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma, but the user will also experience the cold, smells, sights and sounds of the surrounding environment...
他/她不仅能感受到攀登珠穆朗玛峰的每一步的艰辛，还能体验到周围环境的寒冷、气味、景观和声音……
句型2：过去分词(短语)作状语
This kind of urban planning is in the long term cheaper and more practical，compared_with the way most urban planning is done today.
从长远来看，这种城市规划比现在大多数的城市规划更便宜、更实用。
句型3：it’s about/high time (that) sb.did/should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了
In my opinion, it_is_about_time we had new computers.
在我看来，是时候我们该有新电脑了。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A lunchtime escape(休息；解脱) allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized.
2．It’s a difficult skill to master(掌握), but once obtained, it will benefit you for the rest of your life.
3．If you want to succeed, I think that setting a goal for yourself is of great importance(重要性)．
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We are confident(自信的) that we can win this competition.
5．(2019·天津卷)A war injury(injure) has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison.
6．The results have been carefully checked and compared(compare)．
7．This small mountain village is so perfect a place for holidays that visitors never leave it feeling disappointed(disappoint)．
8．We bought this house for convenience(convenient); it’s near the shops and the railway station.
9．The document is very important and it should be kept in a secure(security) place.
10．You will be amazed(amaze) at how much this little tool will help you balance your life for health and growth.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He was disabled in a car accident and his disability prevented him from holding any job.(disable)
2．To my disappointment,_I saw a disappointed expression on his face due to his disappointing test score.(disappoint)
3．His friendliness and kindness gave us a strong impression. In other words, we were all impressed by his friendliness and kindness.(impress)
4．In the terrible crash of school bus, many children were injured,_and even some suffered severe injuries to the heads and arms.(injure)
5．To my amazement,_the amazing news amazed the whole class and their teachers were also amazed．(amaze)
6．There is a very real difference between a dream and reality．(real)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
last but not least; as to; add to; be filled with; all of a sudden
They were on their way to travel to a new city. 1.All_of_a_sudden,_the gas gave out.To make things even worse, they forgot to bring water, which 2.added_to their helplessness. To their amazement, a person came and helped them, but left before they could say thanks.They 3.were_filled_with gratitude. After the visit, they had a good impression of the scene of the city. 4.As_to the urban conveniences, they also enjoyed them. 5.Last_but_not_least,_they loved the kind people there.
compared with; in the long term/run; connect with; put forward; carry out; set up
Last year, the government 6.put_forward a plan to 7.set_up a crosssea bridge to 8.connect_with two cities. After many arguments, the plan has been 9.carried_out. 10.Compared_with the bridges in the past, the new one is wider and more modern. 11.In_the_long_term/run,_it will benefit millions of people.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．不但是我喜欢这部电影，我的妈妈也很喜欢它。
Not_only_do_I_like this movie, but my mother also likes it.
2．和我们可怜的小房子相比，他的家是一座宫殿。
His home is a palace compared_with_our_poor_little_house．
3．到了当地政府该采取措施保护环境的时候了。
It’s_high_time_that the local government took/should_take_measures_to protect the environment.
amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊诧
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①a.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.Many visitors were amazed(amaze) by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.
b．(福建卷)It is really amazing(amaze) that the onceruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school.
②From his amazing look, we know he saw this scene for the first time.amazing→amazed
[能力提升]——一句多译
他取得了这么大的进步，令我感到惊讶。
③To_my_amazement,_he has made such great progress.(amazement)
④He has made such great progress, which_makes_me_amazed．(定语从句，amazed)
⑤It_amazes_me_that he has made such great progress.(it作形式主语)
⑥What_amazes_me_is that he has made such great progress.(what引导的主语从句)
(1)amazed adj． 吃惊的，惊讶的
be amazed at/with 对……惊讶
be amazed to do... 做……很惊讶
(2)amazing adj. 使人惊讶的
(3)amazement n. 惊讶，惊诧
in amazement 惊讶地
to one’s amazement 令某人惊讶的是
[佳句背诵] We were amazed to learn that she had left the hospital DS| 18 million.
得知她把1 800万美元留给了医院，我们感到很惊讶。
[联想发散] 可用于“to one’s＋n.”结构的抽象名词还有delight，surprise，satisfaction，astonishment，disappointment。
confident adj.自信的；肯定的，确信的，有把握的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①You are too shy；you should have more confidence in yourself.
②His confident(confidence) words have cleared up our doubts about how the plan will be carried out.
③Compared with them, we’re more confident of success.
④Tom was highly thought of in the company. The manager had confidence(confident) of his ability.
(1)be confident in 相信，信任
be confident about/of sth./that... 确信……
(2)confidence n. 信心，自信
have confidence in 对……有信心
[佳句背诵] I am confident that everything will come out right in the end. 我相信一切最终都会好起来的。
injure vt.损害；伤害
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(天津卷)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would have_been_injured(injure)．
②A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured(injure) to the hospital.
③He suffered injuries(injure) to his legs and arms when he fell off the tree.
④She injured(injure) herself while skating, which made her parents very worried.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤我的左脚受了重伤，不能按计划和你一起去了。
With_my_left_foot_seriously_injured，I can’t go with you as planned.
(1)injured adj． 受伤的
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
[佳句背诵] A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.
在我首次参加马拉松的一个月前，我的一个脚踝受伤了，这意味着我两周内不能跑步，只剩下两周的训练时间。(2018·北京卷)
disadvantage n．缺点；不利因素，障碍
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①When seeking for a job，a college graduate is at a disadvantage in terms of working experience.
②The school library is a resource of which you can take advantage to make progress.
③The hotel is not very modern，but it does have the advantage(disadvantage) of being close to the city centre.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(江苏卷)父母应积极催促孩子利用这一机会参加运动队。
Parents should actively urge their children to_take_advantage_of_the_opportunity to join sports teams.
(1)at a disadvantage 处于不利地位
(2)advantage n. 优势；有利条件
advantages and disadvantages 利与弊
take advantage of 利用
have an advantage over 胜过
[佳句背诵] Besides，every student may have different weak and strong subjects，so they should learn from each other so that they can have more advantages than disadvantages. 此外，每个学生都有不同的弱势学科和优势学科，因此他们应该彼此学习，从而有更多的优点而不是缺点。(广东卷)
accuse vt. 控诉；控告；指责；谴责
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A footballer was_accused(accuse) of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.
②For lack of enough evidence, the accused(accuse) was allowed to go free.
[能力提升]——一句多译
由于被指控偷钱，这个人被带到了法庭。
③Accused_of_stealing_money,_the man was brought to the court. (accuse)
④Charged_with_stealing_money,_the man was brought to the court. (charge)
(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth.＝charge sb.with (doing) sth． 因(做)某事指控某人
(2)the accused 被告
[佳句背诵] A piece of bad news has been spread that the rich man has been accused of doing good things only to achieve a good reputation.
一条不好的消息已经传播开来：那位富人被指责做好事只是为了沽名钓誉。
escape v．逃跑；逃脱；逃避；被忘记 n．逃跑；解脱，消遣
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Whoever breaks the law won’t escape punishment/being_punished(punish)．
②He ever had a narrow escape from the adventurous sport, so he doesn’t dare to try it again.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)The woman managed_to_escape_from_the_fire(成功逃出火场) with her baby. She was extremely terrified and exhausted.
④(高级表达)The woman managed_to_escape_from_the_fire_with_her_baby,_extremely_terrified_and_exhausted. (形容词作状语)
(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃脱(做)某事
escape from/out of... 从……逃跑，逃走
(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生
[佳句背诵] With the greatest of luck he managed to escape from the rising flood waters.
非常幸运，他设法从快速上涨的洪水中逃脱。
[词块助记]
escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意/被某人忽视
a fire escape 安全门
add...to... 往……加入……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①a.(2019·北京卷)For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method.
b．(2018·浙江卷6月)And an unexpected shower added to the difficulty of us in finding a way home, for all the tracks we had made disappeared because of the rain.
②The president agreed, added that he hoped for a peaceful solution to the dispute.added→adding
[能力提升]——完成句子
③请把这些数字加起来，我确信总数会超过1 000。
Please add_up the numbers and I’m sure it will add_up_to more than 1，000.
(1)add to 增加；增添
add up 把……加起来
add up to 加起来共计/达
(2)add that 补充说
[佳句背诵] The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
这本字典过时了：自从它出版，很多单词被增加到这种语言中。(天津卷)
[词块助记]
little steps add up to big dreams
小进步成就大梦想
put forward 提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
[基础练习]——用put的相关短语填空
①They have put_forward the date of their wedding by one week.
②I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I’ll put_forward Li Hua as a candidate.
③I can put_up_with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
④First he opened a shop and then he put_up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他在会上提出了一个解决难题的好主意。
⑤He came_up_with_a_good_idea_to_solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
⑥He put_forward_a_good_idea_to_solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存
put away 放好；积蓄
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；生产
put up 举起；张贴；公布；挂起；建造
put up with 忍受；容忍
put down 写出；记下
[佳句背诵] Before we carried out the plan, various ideas had been put forward by my classmates.
在我们实施这项计划之前，同学们提出了不同的想法。(2017·北京卷)
[联想发散] “想出，提出”短语：
①put_forward；②come_up_with；③bring_up．
not only...but (also)．..不但……而且……
(教材P42)Not only will he or she feel every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma，but the user will also experience the cold，smells，sights and sounds of the surrounding environment...
他/她不仅能感受到攀登珠穆朗玛峰的每一步的艰辛，还能体验到周围环境的寒冷、气味、景观和声音……
[基础练习]——完成句子
①They are not_only_experienced_and_knowledgeable_but_also_patient(不仅经验丰富、知识渊博，而且有耐心) and understanding.
②Not_only_did_we_learn_more_about_English_culture_and_its_customs(我们不仅了解了更多的英国文化和习俗), but we also learned about the British lifestyle.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)As we all know, reading classics can not only improve our studying career but also enrich our everyday life.
(高级表达)As we all know, not_only_can_reading_classics_improve_our_studying_career but it can also enrich our everyday life.(倒装)
not only...but (also)．..意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分。
(1)用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不但……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)若连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
(3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
[佳句背诵] Yao Qizhi, a professor of Tsinghua University, is famous not only in the field of computer but also in the field of AI.
姚期智，一名清华大学教授，不仅在计算机领域而且在人工智能领域都很有名。
it’s about/high time (that) sb. did/should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了
(教材P53)In my opinion，it is about time we had new computers. 在我看来，是时候我们该有新电脑了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①This is the first time I have_spoken(speak) in front of so many people.
②It is high time that we took/should_take(take) immediate action to solve the problem.
[能力提升]——一句多译
到了他考虑如何处理这笔钱的时候了。
③It’s_time_for_him_to_consider what to do with the money.
④It’s_time_that_he_considered/should_consider what to do with the money.
(1)it’s about/high time sb.did/should do sth.意为“是某人该做某事的时候了”。
(2)it’s time (for sb.) to do sth.意为“是该(某人)做某事的时候了”。
(3)it/this/that is/was the...time (that) sb.has/had done sth.意为“这/那是某人第……次做某事”。
[佳句背诵] It’s about/high time you got a job and settled down.
到了你找份工作安顿下来的时候了。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．It is high time that the country attached/should_attach(attach) importance to energy saving and environment protection.
2．It’s reported that the driver tried to escape being_punished(punish) after knocking four people to death.
3．Not only food and clothes but also some necessary equipment was_sent(send) to the disasterhit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.
4．Bill always seems so confident (confidence)，but in reality he’s extremely shy.
5．—How long do you plan to stay with this company if hired(hire)?
—I don’t really have a plan.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．Her Olympic experience gave her a big advantage over others for the final victory.
2．—What are the workers talking about?
—They are discussing the idea put forward at the meeting yesterday.
3．(浙江卷)I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and set up specific rules against such behaviour.
4．This company was accused of using misleading advertisements in its promotion of the weightloss pills.
5．President Xi’s New Year Speech made a deep impression on us.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required to process the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.损伤
2．One of the disadvantages of online shopping is that our information is known to other people.缺点
3．Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遗忘
4．They have made amazing achievements in the past few years, shocking many people.令人惊讶的
5．To my relief, they sound confident about the future of the company.自信的
6．A piece of constructive advice is put forward at the meeting that these traditional customs should be preserved.提出
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．I expected my instructions to be carrying out to the letter.carrying→carried
2．The bad weather added more difficulties in rescuing the drowning girl.在added后加to
3．I think her outstanding performance at the party was really amazed.amazed→amazing
4．He glanced at the note, put aside and went on with the meeting.在put后加it
5．He rejected all the proposals that put forward by the committee.删除that或在that后加were
6．A prisoner has escaped a jail in northern England.在escaped后加from
7．Not only do travel give people relaxation and pleasure, but it increases their knowledge.do→does
8．It’s high time that we must set about doing our homework.删除must或must→should
维度五 完成句子
1．他给我的第一印象是他是个善良而且有思想的年轻人。
My first_impression_of_him_was_that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
2．如果孩子们对日常生活中的一切事情都感觉无忧无虑的话，他们就不会努力学习了。
Children won’t work hard if they feel_secure_about_everything_in_their_daily_life．
3．腿上受伤使我不能像往常一样走得快了。
Being_injured_in_the_leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.
4．客人们一到学校门口，我们就表示了对他们的热烈欢迎。
On/Upon_the_guests’_arrival_at_the_school_gate,_we gave them a warm welcome.
5．她得到这份工作是因为她懂多种语言，这比其他人有优势。
She’s got the job because she has_an_advantage_over_others of knowing many languages.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
On 1.arriving(arrive) in Mausu Desert, you might be disappointed, because there is no desert! 2.Compared(compare) with other deserts, Mausu Desert seems unworthy of its name. However, many years ago, the scene was different. People living there said that desertification was very serious then, so they thought that 3.it was high time that they took measures to fight against the nature. They carried out a series of projects, and insisted on planting trees from generation to generation. More 4.importantly(importance), environmental awareness is rooted deeply in people’s heart. It is a rule that no one can escape being 5.punished(punish) for cutting trees casually. So far they have made an 6.amazing(amaze) achievement. Now, not only is the environment improved, 7.but also people there enjoy a life full of 8.happiness(happy). It 9.is_believed(believe) that Mausu Desert will disappear in the near future. They succeed because they have confidence 10.in themselves.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①科学技术的不断发展给我们带来了许多便利。
The constant development of science and technology has brought_us_much_convenience．
②以最新的智能手机为例，我们不仅可以打电话、发短信，还可以用它来上网、网上聊天、收发电子邮件等。
Take the latest smart phones for_example．We can make_phone_calls and send_text_messages with it. We can also surf the Internet, chat online and receive or send emails，etc.
③借助于虚拟现实技术，我们足不出户就可以周游世界。
We can go_sightseeing around the world by_using_the_technology of Virtual Reality without leaving our homes.
④我们相信科学技术将会给我们更多惊喜。
We are_confident_that science and technology will give_us_more_surprises．
⑤尽管这些发明给我们带来了快乐，在我们的生活中起着重要的作用，但我们也不能忽视它们的缺点。
Though these inventions have brought_us_happiness and are performing an_important_function in our life，we shouldn’t ignore_their_disadvantages．
⑥在我们享受科技成就带给我们的这一切的同时，我们也要学会利用科学技术来保护我们的家园——地球。
While we are enjoying what the scientific achievements have brought us, we have to learn to take_advantage_of the science and technology to protect_our_home—the earth.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用“not only...but also...”升级句②
Take_the_latest_smart_phones_for_example.Not_only_can_we_make_phone_calls_and_send_text_messages_with_it,_but_also_we_can_surf_the_Internet,_chat_online_and_receive_or_send_emails,_etc.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：last but not least)
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One possible version：
The constant development of science and technology has brought us much convenience.Take the latest smart phones for example.Not only can we make phone calls and send text messages with it, but also we can surf the Internet, chat online and receive or send emails, etc.We can go sightseeing around the world by using the technology of Virtual Reality without leaving our homes.We are confident that science and technology will give us more surprises.Though these inventions have brought us happiness and are performing an important function in our life, we shouldn’t ignore their disadvantages.Last but not least, while we are enjoying what the scientific achievements have brought us，we have to learn to take advantage of the science and technology to protect our home—the earth.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020·阜阳诊断性测试)
Artificial intelligence(AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like liver cancer in ways that were never before possible.
Rishi Rawat, who teaches AI at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, is part of a team of scientists researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the liver. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that’s important for making decisions.”
David Agus is another researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.”
Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Nowadays, researchers take a thin piece of tissue(组织), put it on a small piece of glass and add color to see the cells better. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.
The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.
The researchers of the university are now only studying liver cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.
【解题导语】 人工智能有望很快作为一种有用的工具帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。
1．What can AI do with the help of the information provided by the researchers?
A．Recognize cancer patterns.
B．Treat liver cancer.
C．Collect useful information.
D．Store cancerous cells.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He says, ‘You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns...making decisions.’”可知，人工智能可以根据对其输入的数据来学习该模式，并进行癌症模式的识别。
2．What can we learn about AI?
A．It will be able to replace doctors.
B．Patients are unlikely to be cancerous again with its help.
C．It is making a difference in taking care of patients.
D．It can recognize cancer more accurately.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Through machine learning...are organized.”可知，人工智能可以识别复杂的模式或结构，同时了解细胞是如何组成的。由此可推知，人工智能可以更精确地识别癌症。
3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of AI?
A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful.
C．Curious. D．Cold.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知，人工智能将能够快速识别癌症，并且应用到治疗各种癌症之中。由此可推知，作者对人工智能的未来持乐观的态度。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．AI Is Used to Treat Cancers
B．AI May Compete with Doctors
C．AI May Make Doctors Better
D．AI Is Better at Curing Cancers
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据对文章的整体理解可推知，人工智能有望很快作为一种有用的工具帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。
B
(2020·成都第二次诊断)
A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and we have to develop them all on our own，” said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互相依赖) of the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to，” said Wood.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, offboard power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a builtin power source, so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insectscale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead，” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a daytoday basis.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了首个机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，有望在未来执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务。
5．What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?
A．It’s automatic.
B．It’s very small.
C．It’s controllable.
D．It’s quite powerful.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.”可知，这种飞行器设计初衷是为了能做苍蝇做的事，它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大，微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行受控的飞行任务；据此可知，该机器苍蝇飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小，故B项正确。
6．We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can ________．
A．act as a spy plane
B．help do farm work
C．fly at a very high speed
D．answer many scientific questions
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield”可知，某一天这种飞行器可能用于执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务；据此可推知，该飞行器可以用作间谍飞机，故A项正确。
7．What is Wood’s idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?
A．It is highly questionable.
B．It has wide practical applications.
C．It gives scientists interest in flying machines.
D．It points to a new direction in studying biology.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“Yet，the power...could have much broader applications.”并结合Wood所说的话可知，Wood认为这种飞行器使用范围很广泛，故B项正确。
8．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Harvard’s Study in the Field of Insects
B．A Breakthrough in Engineering Science
C．An Interesting Invention—Robotic Fly
D．Robotic Fly—a Copy of the Real Life Insect
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了首个机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，有望在未来执行搜救点、农田、战场的数据收集任务。故D项最适合作本文标题。
完形填空
(2020·重庆调研)In a remote village, selling chestnuts was the main source of livelihood for local villagers. In late autumn, the hills were covered by the trees and chestnuts were __1__ from the branches of the trees, which __2__ with the wind attracting local villagers to __3__ them at this time of year.
The villagers took the chestnuts, carried them home and __4__ them out. The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them according to their __5__， and then transported them to the city for wholesale or retail. Every villager knew that if they wanted to sell for a good price, what really __6__ was to send the selected chestnuts to the market first. Many families, which were short of __7__， would go to the nearby villages to hire workers with high __8__．
Still, to many people’s __9__， there was a young man in the village who could never need help, __10__ he had limited hands. He lived with his blind and old mother. He always arrived at the market one step ahead of the other ones __11__ he could sell out of all the chestnuts and then happily drove back with his truck __12__．
The secret of the young man was: after picking chestnuts, he put them __13__ into a sack(麻袋) and carried them to the truck. When he set out, he chose the road, __14__ and bumpy(不平的), to go, __15__ the small ones would jump to the __16__ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag. It would save time for classification and selection. When inquired how he found the way, the young man __17__：“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way. This is not an accident but a(n) __18__ result.”
There will always be people who get __19__ or complain when they hear bad news. As a matter of fact, if you use your head, you will be __20__ to the people and things in the environment. When you turn your mind into action to move forward step by step, you can also create a new world for yourself.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了一个年轻人用便捷的方法筛选栗子的故事，进而启迪读者——世上无难事，只怕有心人。
1．A.holding B．filling
C．planting D．hanging
D 解析：根据语境及常识可知，山丘上遍布树木，栗子从树枝上垂下来(hanging)，故选D。
2．A.fell B．shook
C．jumped D．folded
B 解析：根据空后的“with the wind”可推知，栗子随风摇动(shook)，吸引当地的村民们在一年中的这个时候来采摘(pick)，故选B。
3．A.enjoy B．view
C．seek D．pick
D 解析：参见上题解析。
4．A.poured B．took
C．thought D．figured
A 解析：根据下文中的“The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them”可推知，村民们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒(poured)出来，然后才能进行筛选和分类，故选A。
5．A.shape B．size
C．taste D．color
B 解析：根据下文中的“the small ones would jump to the ______ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，整个家庭根据栗子的大小(size)进行筛选和分类，故选B。
6．A.mattered B．cared
C．interested D．minded
A 解析：根据语境可推知，真正要紧(mattered)的是要把挑选好的栗子先送到市场上去，故选A。
7．A.hands B．power
C．experience D．ways
A 解析：根据下文中的“he had limited hands”可推知，许多家庭在这个时候就会缺少人手，会去附近的村子里以高薪(salary)雇人干活，故选A。
8．A.quality B．quantity
C．money D．salary
D 解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.puzzlement B．relief
C．astonishment D．delight
A 解析：根据上文可知，在栗子收获的季节许多家庭往往缺少人手，并结合下文可知，这个年轻人从不需要帮忙，由此可推知，这点让很多人困惑(puzzlement)，故选A。
10．A.only if B．as if
C．even if D．if only
C 解析：根据语境可知，即使(even if)这个年轻人人手有限，但他从不需要帮助。
11．A.which B．where
C．whom D．who
B 解析：分析句子结构可知，本句是一个定语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词“the market”，故选B。
12．A.full B．filled
C．empty D．loaded
C 解析：根据空前的“he could sell out of all the chestnuts”可知，他能够卖光自己所有的栗子，然后开心地开着空(empty)卡车回家，故选C。
13．A.suddenly B．shortly
C．directly D．hurriedly
C 解析：根据上文可知，人们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒出来，然后进行筛选和分类，最后才运到市场上卖掉，而这个年轻人直接(directly)把采摘的栗子装进麻袋里，将它们搬上卡车，故选C。
14．A.tough B．rough
C．regular D．smooth
B 解析：由空后的“bumpy”为并列结构可推知，他选择的路是高低不平的(rough)，故选B。
15．A.even B．or
C．but D．so
D 解析：根据语境可知，空处前后表示逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果，故选D。
16．A.hole B．tip
C．middle D．bottom
D 解析：根据下文中的“and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，小些的栗子会快速移动到袋子的底部(bottom)，而大些的栗子会留在上面，故选D。
17．A.sighed B．excited
C．smiled D．sneezed
C 解析：根据空后的内容可推知，这个年轻人当时是微笑(smiled)着(说)的。sigh“叹气”；excite“使激动，使兴奋”；sneeze“打喷嚏”。
18．A.unexpected B．necessary
C．accidental D．deliberate
B 解析：根据该句中的“This is not an accident but”可推知，这并非意外，而是必然的(necessary)结果，故选B。
19．A.stricken B．satisfied
C．upset D．surprised
C 解析：根据空后的“or complain when they hear bad news”可知，此处与“complain”并列，故C项符合语境。
20．A.sensitive B．accessible
C．relative D．flexible
A 解析：根据上文年轻人的回答“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way.”和本句中的“if you use your head”可推知，A项符合语境。sensitive“敏感的”；accessible“可进入的”；relative“相对的”；flexible“灵活的”。
课时练2 1篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇改错＋1篇书面表达
阅读理解
(2020·芜湖高三月考)
Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problemsolving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.
The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote”. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.
The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指示), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.
Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们，还能让机器人拥有道德观念，使其更好地为人类服务。
1．What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?
A．They entertain robots.
B．They highlight dangers.
C．They make robots more intelligent.
D．They enable robots to behave morally.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart”可知，童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范，故D项正确。
2．What is “Quixote” in the text?
A．A punishment system.
B．A character in literature.
C．A big name in technology.
D．A kind of software educating robots.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“This system is called ‘Quixote’. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.”可知，这个系统被称为“Quixote”；它从互联网上收集故事情节，然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为，由此可知，Quixote是一种教育机器人的软件，故D项正确。
3．What does the designer expect robots to do in the experiment?
A．To take advantage of its privilege.
B．To finish the task most efficiently.
C．To perform in a wellmannered way.
D．To be rewarded by the storekeeper.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可推知，设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范，故C项正确。
4．Which of the following can best express the author’s opinion?
A．Robots will definitely have more functions.
B．Robots with humans’ emotions are perfect.
C．Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.
D．The development of robots is still in a baby step.
C 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可知，我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观，这样做，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。据此可推知，训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的，故C项正确。
七选五
(2020·湖北八市联考)In the super fastpaced world we live in, happiness may not come as easily as we wish. Here are some tips to make us live happily.
Don’t avoid or ignore negativity.
1．________ This can include people in your life who may be bringing you down, a hostile workplace environment or even a personal stressor that you haven’t conquered quite yet. You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance, it’s up to you to handle them.
Take care of yourself and your needs.
In order to live a powerful and meaningful life, you must love yourself. Take care of your actions and how you live each day, and this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind. 2.________
Mend what’s broken or get rid of it.
Determining what is worth your time and effort and what can be challenging. If situations are beyond repair, it’s time to let go. Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time？3.________ Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have be absent in the past.
4．________
Giving our time, energy, love and sometimes money is what life is about. 5.________ My mom taught me a quote she learned in Mexico that stuck with me forever, “donde come uno, comen dos.(where one can eat, two can eat.)” It moves me every time I say it out loud. At the end of the day, no matter what you have you are likely in a position to give something small to someone else who needs it. Don’t hesitate.
A．Give back.
B．Be positive.
C．Fix them and find peace.
D．Do more of what makes you happy.
E．Love yourself fully in order to love others fully.
F．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us.
G．In order to conquer and overcome, it must be acknowledged.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个快乐生活的建议。
1．G 解析：根据小标题Don’t avoid or ignore negativity. 并结合该段内容可推知，必须先承认其消极性才能战胜和克服它。故选G项。
2．E 解析：根据该段中的“you must love yourself”以及“Take care of your actions and how you live each day”可推知，E项“为了充分地爱别人，要完全地爱自己”符合语境，故选E项。
3．C 解析：根据小标题Mend what’s broken or get rid of it. 以及空前一句可知，修复那些值得你花时间的关系或友谊，故选C项。
4．A 解析：根据文章结构以及空处所在位置可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要是讲要去付出。故选A项。
5．F 解析：根据空前一句可知，生活就是付出我们的时间、精力、爱，有时是金钱，由此可推知，空处应是讲有付出就会有回报。故选F项。
短文改错
(2020·成都第二次诊断)Last year, my friend and I went to visit Mount Huang. We carried two backpacks, that turned out to be pretty heavier for the hike. I am not an experiencing hiker and those endless steps make me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground. But my friend encouraged me great. “Look, the top is coming closer and closer. We are almost there.” I pulled me together and kept going. After threehour exhausting hike to the top, but with wonderful sceneries on the way, we got to the top finally. For our pleasure, we also found a hotel that looked very much inviting.
答案：
Last year, my friend and I went to visit Mount Huang. We carried two backpacks, turned out to be pretty for the hike. I am not an hiker and those endless steps me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground. But my friend encouraged me . “Look, the top is coming closer and closer. We are almost there.” I pulled together and kept going. After threehour exhausting hike to the top, but with wonderful on the way, we got to the top finally. our pleasure, we also found a hotel that looked very inviting.
书面表达
(2020·潍坊统一考试)假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友William寒假期间要来中国游玩，行程中计划在你家住三天，请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．住宿条件；
2．活动安排；
3．其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Dear William，
I am delighted to know that you are coming to China, and especially excited that you will stay in my house. Now, I’d like to tell you some relevant information about your stay here.
The bedroom in which you will live is bright and pleasant. A variety of books as well as a computer are available. Of course you have easy access to the network. What’s more, I intend to show you around my city where you can visit some places of interest. By the way, we are having a cold winter here. So, be sure to bring your winter clothes.
I am sure you will have a wonderful experience here. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours，
Li Hua
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