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2021版浙江高考英语（人教版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦必修2学案4Unit4 Wildlifeprotection
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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．wildlife n． 野生动植物
2．habitat n.
3．threaten vt.& vi. 恐吓；威胁
4．endanger vt. 危害；使受到危险
5．reserve n. 保护区
6．zone n. 地域；地带；地区
7．species n. 种类；物种
8．carpet n. 地毯
9．fur n. 毛皮；毛；软毛
10．rub vt. 擦；摩擦
11．mosquito n. 蚊子
12．insect n. 昆虫
13．income n. 收入
14．county n. 县；郡
15．incident n. 事件；事变
16．fierce adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的
17．extinction n. 灭绝；消亡
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．certain adj. 确定的；某一；一定
2．importance n. 重要(性)
3．contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍
4．attention n. 注意；关注；注意力
5．bite vt.& vi. 咬；叮；刺痛
6．loss n. 损失；遗失；丧失
7．ending n. 结局；结尾
8.decrease vi.& vt. 减少；(使)变小或变少
9．laughter n. 笑；笑声
10．affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．protect vt.保护→protection n．保护
2．respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应→response n．回答；反应
3．distant adj.远的；远处的→distance n．距离；远方
4．power v．给……提供动力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的
5．secure adj.安全的；可靠的→security n．安全；可靠
6．inspect vt.检查；视察→inspection n．检查→inspector n．检查员
7．appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到→appreciation n．欣赏；感谢；鉴别
8．harm n．& vt.损害；危害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
9．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→merciful adj.宽恕的；仁慈的→merciless adj.残忍的；无情的
10．faith n．信念；信仰→faithful adj.忠诚的；忠实的→faithfully adv.忠诚地；忠实地
11．succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任→success n．成功→successful adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地
12．employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)→employment n．雇用；利用→employer n．雇主；老板→employee n．雇员
13．dust n．灰尘；尘土；尘埃→dusty adj.布满灰尘的
14．relief n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物→relieve vt.使减轻；缓解
1.后缀ful构成的形容词小结
①powerful 强大的；有力的
②harmful 有害的
③doubtful 怀疑的；疑惑的
④faithful 忠诚的
⑤forgetful 健忘的
⑥hopeful 充满希望的
2.“派生名词(v.＋ing)”集锦
①ending 结局；结尾
②training 训练；培养
③feeling 感觉；感情
④painting 绘画；油画
⑤meeting 会议
⑥beginning 开始；开端
3.巧记各种“事件”
①incident n． 事件；事变
②accident n. 事故
③traffic accident 交通事故
④event n. 重大事件；
比赛项目
⑤sports event 体育赛事
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．die__out 灭亡；逐渐消失
2．in__peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地
3．in__danger__(of) 在危险中；垂危
4．in__relief 如释重负；松了口气
5．burst__into__laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
6．protect...from 保护……不受……(危害)
7．pay__attention__to 注意
8．come__into__being 形成；产生
9．according__to 按照；根据……所说
10．so__that 以至于；结果
11．without__mercy 毫不怜悯地
12．do__harm__to 对……有害
1.“come into＋n.”短语一览
①come into being 形成；产生
②come into effect/force 开始生效；开始实行
③come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在
④come into power 开始执政
⑤come into use 开始使用
2.“出现与消失”家族
①die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
②disappear vi. 消失；失踪
③appear vi. 出现
④show up 出现
⑤turn up 出现；发生
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同”
It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as__the__WWF__suggests． 这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。
句型2：with复合结构
After a while she saw some zebra with__black__and__white__lines__going beneath their stomachs. 过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有从上一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。
句型3：the way作先行词，后跟省略that/in which的定语从句
They learned this from the__way the bones were joined together.
他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
句型4：there be (no)．..left(没有)剩下……
This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there__are__very__few__left.
这里是红髯猴唯一的家园，但是现在所剩无几了。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed(成功) in managing one, I will open more.
2．(2019·天津卷)To many people，technology means computers, handheld devices, or vehicles that travel to distant(远处的) planets.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I’m certain(确定的) that you will like it once you visit the papercutting exhibition.
4．(2018·北京卷)With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance(important) of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
5．(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show, the theme of which is environmental protection(protect)．
6．Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunken driving, the number of accidents from it has greatly decreased(decrease)．
7．Mary is a very stubborn girl and she is seldom affected(affect) by other’s opinion.
8．He was determined to try his best to make up for the loss(lose)．
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·北京卷阅读B)Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground.Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.弄到，获得
2．(2019·天津卷阅读C)If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction of one of them.灭绝
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear！预定
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ七选五)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.咬；叮；刺痛
5．(2017·江苏卷单项填空)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard to find.事件
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．In the letter, he thanked me for my appreciating his work and my appreciation made him confident again.(appreciate)
2．None of the students responded to her question; in other words, her question failed to get a response from any of the students.(respond)
3．The man is always distant towards his neighbors, so his neighbors often keep him at a distance．(distant)
4．Eating too much every day is harmful to our health; that is to say, eating too much every day does harm to our health.(harm)
5．He succeeded his father as manager of the company.Soon their business became very successful．Lots of people wanted to know the secret of his success．(succeed)
6．The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with her employee before he came to work.(employ)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
die out; protect...from; in peace; pay attention to; come into being; according to
As is known to us, animals have been affected by powerful mankind since humans 1.came__into__being. 2.According__to the research, with our environment becoming worse and worse, many animals can’t adapt themselves to the new changes so that many species are in danger of 3.dying__out. It is high time that we should 4.pay__attention__to__the topic of wildlife protection. Firstly, we should start a campaign to raise the public awareness of protecting the wildlife. Secondly, we should take measures to 5.protect animals from being hurt. Last but not least, it is very important to keep the balance of nature. Only when we protect the wildlife and maintain the natural beauty can we live 6.in__peace．
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你按照我告诉你的去做，我相信你会玩得很愉快。
If__you__do__as__I__tell__you,__I am sure you will have a great time.
2．你日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和世间的人的方式。
Something that happens in your daily life will change the__way__you__look__at__the__world and the people in it.
3．我们已经没有时间来仔细考虑它了。
There__has__been__no__time__left for us to think it over.
4．为实现这三项历史性的任务，我们中国人要坚定地继续奋斗。
With__the__three__historic__tasks__to__accomplish,__we Chinese should keep on working with great determination.(with复合结构)
contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing(contain) the best advice I’ve ever had.
②When he was criticized by the boss, he was so angry that he couldn’t contain himself(he)．
③The newlybuilt stadium is big enough to contain twenty thousand students and teachers.容纳
[能力提升]——一句多译
我们班有60名学生，包含35名男生和25名女生。
④There are 60 students in our class, containing__35__boys__and__25__girls．(contain)
⑤There are 60 students in our class, including__35__boys__and__25__girls．(including)
⑥There are 60 students in our class, 35__boys__and__25__girls__included．(included)
(1)contain oneself 克制自己
(2)container n. 容器；集装箱；货柜
[佳句背诵] After the meal, a lucky charm and a red pocket which contains lucky money will be given to everyone and some lucky words are said to each other. 饭后，每个人都会收到一个吉祥饰物和一个装着压岁钱的红包，并互相说一些吉祥话。(2017·浙江卷11月应用文写作)
[名师点津]
(1)contain指容器中盛有某物、装有某物；
(2)include表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内，常构成分词短语sth.included/including sth.。
The container contains many kinds of fruits, including a pineapple/a pineapple included.
这个容器中盛有很多种水果，包括一个菠萝。
affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①With the government’s aid, those people affected(affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
②Affected(affect) with a serious disease, he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)Many young people were affected by his story. They began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
(高级表达)Affected__by__his__story,__many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(分词作状语)
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动
be affected with high fever 发高烧
(2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
[佳句背诵] It is obvious that blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgment. 显而易见， 盲目地接受他人的意见将影响我们的判断。 (2018·江苏卷书面表达)
appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到；欣赏
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①On the night of the MidAutumn Day, people gather together eating moon cakes and appreciating(appreciate) the full moon.
②Here I sincerely express my appreciation(appreciate) if you could help me find the lost suitcase.
③I appreciate being__given(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·天津卷书面表达)如果你给我们一些有关如何改进我们的机器人的建议，我将感激不尽。
④I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__give__us__some__advice__on how to improve our robots.
⑤I’d__be__grateful__if__you__could__give__us__some__advice__on how to improve our robots.
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing
重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if...
如果……，我将不胜感激。
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
express one’s appreciation to sb.for sth.
因某事表达对某人的感激之情
[佳句背诵] In addition, I’m crazy to learn how to appreciate western paintings, and I’m wondering if you can tell us some tricks about how to paint.
此外，我很想学习如何欣赏西方绘画，我想知道你是否能告诉我们一些如何绘画的技巧。(2019·天津卷书面表达)
succeed vi.成功；继承 vt.接替；继任
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading(persuade) him to change his mind.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The key to successful(success) small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.
③Finally, I wish this year’s English speech competition a great success.
④As the old saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success(succeed)．”
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤(浙江卷书面表达)这句名言告诉我们，如果我们想取得成功，我们不仅要周密计划，还要彻底实施。
The__saying__tells__us__that__if__we__want__to__succeed,__we should not only plan carefully but also act it out thoroughly.
(1)succeed in (doing) sth. 成功地(做)某事
succeed sb.as 接替某人成为……
(2)success n. [U]成功，成就；
[C]成功的人或事物
(3)successful adj. 成功的
[佳句背诵] He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed.
他认为如果辞去正职工作，他就会失去了工作和想要成功的干劲。(2018·浙江卷6月完形)
[名师点津]
(1)success n． [U]成功，成就
failure n. [U]失败
(2)success n. [C]成功的人或事物
failure n. [C]失败的人或事物
employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have__been__employed(employ) only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
②The government has taken effective measures to create more employment(employ) opportunities.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
忙于读书，他没注意到汤姆进来。
③(普通表达)Because he was__employed__in__reading,__he didn’t see Tom come in.
④(高级表达)Employed__in__reading,__he didn’t see Tom come in.(分词作状语)
(1)employ sb.as... 雇用某人任……
employ sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2) 忙于(做)某事
(3)employer n． 雇主
employee n. 雇员；受雇者
employment n. 职业；工作；使用
[佳句背诵] If I am lucky enough to be employed, I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust.
一旦有幸被雇用，我将尽最大的努力回报您的信任。
harm n．伤害；损害 vt.损害；危害
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①There is no harm in giving gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．损害；危害
[能力提升]——一句多译
众所周知，观看暴力电视节目对孩子们有害。
③As we know, watching violence on TV does__harm__to__children/does__children__harm．(harm n．)
④As we know, watching violence on TV is__harmful__to__children．(harmful adj.)
(1)do/cause harm to sb. 对某人造成伤害
do sb. harm 对某人造成伤害
There is no harm in doing sth.
做某事无害处。
(2)harmful adj. 有害的，造成伤害的
be harmful to... 对……有害
[佳句背诵] At present, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, doing serious harm to life and the environment. 目前，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。
die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As a consequence, many species are quickly dying out．
②When the applause had died down,__she began her speech.
③You mentioned that you would like to teach English in return, which is exactly what I am__dying(die) for.
[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级
④(普通表达)As the living environment becomes worse and worse, many species are gradually disappearing.
(高级表达)With the living environment becoming__worse__and__worse,__many species are gradually dying__out．(with的复合结构)
(1)die away (声音、光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from 因……而死
die down 减弱；平息
(2)be dying for 很想要；渴望
be dying to do sth. 极想干某事
[佳句背诵] Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying out because of human activities.
这一地区的一些稀有鸟类由于人类活动正面临灭绝的危险。
protect...from... 保护……不受……(危害)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for they can protect our feet from being__hurt(hurt)．
②She made contributions to the environmental protection(protect), though she was just a child.
③In summer, many people usually wear dark glasses to protect their eyes from the sun.
[能力提升]——一句多译
必须采取有效措施保护环境免受污染。
④Effective measures must be taken to__protect__the__environment__from/against__pollution．(protect)
⑤Effective measures must be taken to__prevent/keep/stop__the__environment__from__being__polluted．(prevent/keep/stop)
(1)protect...against... 保护……以防……
(2) 阻止……做……
(3)protection n. 保护
[佳句背诵] In order to protect the endangered animals from extinction, we sincerely hope you can take some measures.
为了保护濒危动物免于灭绝，我们真诚希望你们能采取一些措施。
[名师点津] 以上短语在被动语态中均不可省略from，而在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略。
pay attention to 注意，留意
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①In order to protect the balance of nature, the professor suggested that we(should) pay attention to improving(improve) people’s environmental awareness.
②He stood there, with his attention fixed(fix) on the notice on the wall.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)在中国如果你参加晚宴，你应该特别注意你的餐桌礼仪。
If you attend a dinner party in China, you should__pay__special__attention__to__your__table__manners．
(1)draw/attract/catch one’s attention
引起某人的注意
fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention on...
把注意力集中在……
(2)devote one’s attention to...
把注意力放在……
[佳句背诵] I was aware that I just paid much attention to making plans but did nothing.
我意识到我只是太专注于制定计划，却什么也没做成。(浙江卷书面表达)
as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同”
(教材P26)It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests.
这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。
[基础练习]——完成句子
①As the old saying goes, “When__in__Rome,__do__as__the__Romans__do(入乡随俗)．”
②As__she__grew__older(随着她年龄的增长), she built confidence.
③Exhausted__as__they__were(尽管他们精疲力竭), they stayed up preparing for the exams.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)Although we were tired, we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
(高级表达)Tired__as/though__we__were,__we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.(倒装)
as作为连词的用法主要有：
(1)“按照；如同”，引导方式状语从句。
(2)“当……时候；一边……一边；随着”，引导时间状语从句。
(3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。
(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。
[佳句背诵] If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did, the lake will be severely polluted and soon turn into a huge dustbin.
如果所有到仙女湖公园的游客都像这对夫妇那样做，那么湖水会严重污染，而且很快就会变成一个大垃圾箱。
the way作先行词，后跟省略that/in which的定语从句
(教材P30)They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.
他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of__determining and communicating what is real.
②To be honest, I don’t like the way that you speak to her.
[能力提升]——一句多译
你应该牢记：与同班同学交流是提高学习成绩的有效方法。
③You should keep it in mind that communicating with your classmates is a__good__way__to__improve__your__study．
④You should keep it in mind that communicating with your classmates is a__good__way__that/which__can__improve__your__study．
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词that/in which省略。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词 that/which，作宾语时可以省略。
[佳句背诵] I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way he speaks English.
我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．I appreciate being__invited(invite) to your party, but I have an important thing to attend to.
2．I received a letter containing(contain) some important information about the project.
3．It is a rule that our luggage should be__inspected(inspect) by customs officers.
4．In the newspaper of our school there is a column called(call) “Foreign Cultures”．
5．A good story does not necessarily have a happy ending(end), but the reader must not be left unsatisfied.
6．Personally, we should attach great__importance(important) to the protection of some endangered animals.
7．To__decrease(decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
8．Nearly all of the young people interviewed believed that hard work was the key to success(succeed)．
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．Up to now, scientists haven’t found a right reason to explain why dinosaurs died out about 65 million years ago.
2．According to the report, scientists have a great many theories about how the universe came into being.
3．Our aim is to live in peace with each other and give our children a better future.
4．After he retired, the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from being__damaged(damage)．
5．I’m at a loss how to deal with the challenging problem, so I turn to my parents for help.
6．School activities are usually considered a good way to__make(make) new friends and develop new interests.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(2019·北京卷)If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.adj.某些
2．(2017·天津卷书面表达)I am employed in my lessons now for the College Entrance Examination, which is very important to me, is near.adj.忙于
3．(全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.adj.疯狂的
4．After the fierce quarrel, the explorer remained cold and distant.adj.冷漠的
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
As we know, too many trees are cut down in our daily life, which does great harm 1.to the environment.Meanwhile, 2.hunting(hunt) too much has affected the number of wild animals greatly.As a result, some animals have died 3.out and others are in danger.Fortunately, our government has paid attention 4.to the situation and has taken a series of measures to protect wild animals from 5.being__endangered(endanger). We are sure that we will succeed 6.in preventing the situation from getting worse.
(二)
As the old saying goes, “When in Rome, do 1.as the Romans do.” It’s easier said than done.As it is the first time that I 2.have__studied(study) abroad as an exchange student. I have 3.difficulty(difficult) in getting along with my classmates.Meanwhile, I don’t like the way 4.that my teacher teaches me.What’s worse, last Saturday I lost my bag, 5.containing(contain) my passport, ID card and a lot of money.I feel very lonely and upset here.I’d appreciate 6.it if you could give me some advice on how to adapt to my new surroundings.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
调查研究证明，中国江豚受人类活动影响而濒临灭绝，目前总数仅约1 000只，假设你是李华，请用英文给WWF写一封信，请他们关注这个现象并提供帮助。内容包括：①说明写信目的；②简述江豚现状；③希望WWF如何帮助。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我是李华，写信请您注意江豚的情况。
I__am__Li__Hua,__writing__to__ask__you__to__pay__attention__to__the__situation__of__Finless__Porpoises.
②江豚受到人类活动的严重影响，因此目前只剩下大约1 000只江豚。
Finless Porpoises are__seriously__affected__by__human__activities,__so__that__there__are__only__about__1，000__Finless__Porpoises__left at present.
③我们诚挚地希望你们采取措施保护这种濒危物种免于灭绝。
We sincerely hope that measures can be taken to protect__this__endangered__species__from__dying__out．
④我们需要专家帮助我们更好地了解江豚，这样的话，我们就能更好地照顾它们。
We need help from experts to better understand the animals. In that case, we__can__take__better__care__of__them．
⑤我们不仅需要更多的赞助而且应该雇用更多的工人帮助我们。(使用被动语态)
Not only more sponsorship will be needed but also more__workers__should__be__employed__to__help__us．
⑥尽管任务艰巨，我们相信我们迟早会成功。
Though the task is challenging, we__are__certain__that__we__will__succeed in time.
⑦如果你考虑我们的请求我将非常感激。
I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__take__our__request__into__consideration.
2．升级平淡句
⑧用非限制性定语从句升级句④
We__need__help__from__experts__to__better__understand__the__animals,__in__which__case__we__can__take__better__care__of__them.
⑨用倒装句和主语从句升级句⑥
Challenging__as/though__the__task__is,__it__is__certain__that__we__will__succeed__in__time.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：first of all, in addition)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am Li Hua, writing to ask you to pay attention to the situation of Finless Porpoises. Finless Porpoises are seriously affected by human activities, so that there are only about 1，000 Finless Porpoises left at present.
We sincerely hope that measures can be taken to protect this endangered species from dying out. First of all, we need help from experts to better understand the animals, in which case we can take better care of them. In addition, not only more sponsorship will be needed but also more workers should be employed to help us. Challenging as/though the task is, it is certain that we will succeed in time.
I would appreciate it if you could take our request into consideration.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·宁波重点中学模拟)Pangolins(穿山甲) are strangelooking creatures, covered with hard scales(鳞). They can roll up into a ball to protect themselves from enemies and have tongues that are longer than their bodies.
Pangolins have recently become the focus of Chinese people. A screenshot of a microblog post showed some people eating pangolins at a feast spread. A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.
Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg. Many more pangolins have been hunted or killed. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), more than 1 million of them have been killed or sold in the last 10 years. It also said that they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world. In September 2016, the IUCN added the pangolin to the world’s “endangered animals list”. They are now more endangered than pandas.
A growing trade of their scales and meat is the main reason for their decline in number. Many people in Asia and Africa consider pangolin meat is delicious. Some people even think pangolin scales have medical qualities. However, their scales are made of keratin(角蛋白), the same material human fingernails are made of.
Luckily, the situation is getting better. World Pangolin Day is on the third Saturday of February each year. It’s a day to help people know more about pangolins. The government now stops anyone from buying and eating pangolins in China. Breaking this law is regarded as a crime, and the trade of pangolins across the world is also not allowed, according to the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了穿山甲濒临灭绝的现状以及为保护穿山甲而采取的举措。
1．Pangolins have caught people’s attention these years because ________．
A．they look strange
B．they appear in some movies
C．they are killed and eaten by people
D．they have something to do with pandas
C 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“attention”和“these years”，定位在原文第二段。该段开头说，穿山甲近来成为中国人关注的焦点，然后提到一张屏幕截图和一些图片中，穿山甲成为人们的盘中珍馐，这与C项的描述是一致的。
2．The real aim of World Pangolin Day may be to ________．
A．attract people to the zoo to watch pangolins
B．lift people’s awareness of protecting pangolins
C．remind people of pangolins’ medical value
D．explain the law to people
B 解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的“World Pangolin Day”，定位在原文最后一段。该段主要陈述为保护穿山甲而采取的举措，而这个节日能让人们更多地了解穿山甲，从而提高人们保护穿山甲的意识，故选B。
3．What might be the author’s attitude towards the measures taken to protect pangolins?
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，中国政府禁止任何人购买和食用穿山甲，世界各地也禁止买卖穿山甲，局面正在好转，由此可推知作者觉得这些措施是有效的，故选A。
【难句分析】 A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.
分析：本句是一个简单句。句中有动名词短语作定语修饰pictures以及现在分词短语作宾补。
译文：几天后，人们再次被几张照片激怒，照片显示人们在吃保护动物，其中包括穿山甲。
B
A day in the life of a sun bear is what you might expect from the name: sunny. In its natural habitat, the sun bear spends over 80 percent of its active waking time in daylight.
But when disturbed by human activity, that changes dramatically. In areas where people are pushing into the sun bear’s habitat, the animals are spending 90 percent of their waking time after dark. Effectively, the threat of human presence is making the sun bear change into “the moon bear”．
Led by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, the study found that human activity is driving scores of mammals to shift their activity from the daytime into the dark hours of the night. As many animals have already been forced out of their local habitats, others are attempting to avoid interaction with humans by separating themselves in time rather than in space.
For the work, the researchers examined the behaviors of 64 mammal species, including deer, tigers, boars, and, of course, sun bears. They observed increased nocturnal(夜间发生的) behavior in a large majority of them, with species that are naturally active during the day tending to shift their activity to after dark, and those that are naturally nocturnal becoming more so. The mammals affected ranged across body size, the habitat type, the region of the world, and diet.
Human activity of all sorts affect animals’ lives, including activities like hunting, agriculture and land development, harvesting local natural resources, even hiking or walking through wild areas. Sport hunting in the Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe drove antelopes to spend more of their active waking hours at night, restricting their access to water. Similarly, hikers in the Santa Cruz Mountains in California made coyotes(郊狼) more nocturnal, forcing them to find new preys(猎物) among traditionally nocturnal animals.
The researchers warn that profound shifts in the natural behavior patterns of so many species disturb dynamics that have evolved over generations, leading to a series of unknown effects on the entire ecosystems.
【解题导语】 研究发现，人类活动正迫使许多哺乳动物将它们的活动时间从白天转移到黑夜，这会影响到整个生态系统。
4．What did the study find?
A．More animals separate themselves in space.
B．Human activity changes animals’ way of life.
C．Many animals were pushed out of their local habitats.
D．The sun bear spends over 80% waking time in daylight.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“the study found that human activity is driving scores of mammals to shift their activity from the daytime into the dark hours of the night”可知，研究发现，人类活动正迫使许多哺乳动物将它们的活动时间从白天转移到黑夜。由此可知，人类活动改变了动物的生活方式。故选B项。
5．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The sun bear.
B．The waking time.
C．Human activity.
D．The natural habitat.
B 解析：代词指代题。根据第一段最后一句“In its natural habitat, the sun bear spends over 80 percent of its active waking time in daylight.”可知，在自然栖息地，太阳熊白天超过80%的时间度过它们醒着的时间，并结合画线词所在句可知，当受到人类活动的干扰，太阳熊醒着的时间极大地改变了。故画线词指代The waking time。故选B项。
6．What can we infer from paragraph 5?
A．Antelopes have easier access to water.
B．Coyotes have to prey on new types for survival.
C．Human activity shortens animals’ sleeping time.
D．Animals have managed to escape interaction with humans.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Similarly, hikers in the Santa Cruz Mountains in California made coyotes(郊狼) more nocturnal, forcing them to find new preys(猎物) among traditionally nocturnal animals.”可知，因为人类活动，郊狼为了生存不得不寻找新的猎物。故选B项。
7．What does the author want to tell us in the text?
A．Human threat makes the sun bear nocturnal.
B．Animals are badly hurt by human presence.
C．Animals become more adaptable thanks to humans.
D．Ecosystems may be reshaped due to human activity.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段“The researchers warn that profound shifts in the natural behavior patterns of so many species disturb dynamics that have evolved over generations, leading to a series of unknown effects on the entire ecosystems.”并结合文章其他内容可知，作者想要告诉我们，由于人类活动，生态系统可能会被重塑。故选D项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·杭州诊断)When I was born there was already another youngster in the family—a collie dog just three months old.
Laddie __1__ near me, ate with me and played with me. I __2__ dressed him in my clothes. We __3__ almost everything and we hugged each other for comfort and __4__. I had no brothers or sisters, so he was my brother. When I left for __5__ he watched me from the window and on my return he ran __6__ to the door, his face lighting up with pleasure and love. We were __7__．
Years passed and sores(疮) __8__ on his back and a growth(赘生物) on his lower lip.I thought a vet and __9__ would cure him.
When I returned from school one day and opened the __10__， there was no Laddie. Believing he was playing “hideandseek”， I searched all his favorite __11__ places. Meanwhile my parents were trying to __12__ to me, but I was not listening. I was searching and calling madly for my __13__．
The blow was more than I could bear, and as a result I was __14__ and off school for many weeks, suffering from extreme sadness.
Many years passed before I got a dog of my own. He was my son’s __15__. The two would get up to all kinds of mischief(顽皮). When Yogi’s __16__ came we all went with him to the vet’s and hugged him, petted him and __17__ him for his company and love. That way it __18__ the blow for us.
The loss of a(n) __19__ is heartbreaking, but we have the option of providing that final release with dignity and avoiding __20__. It’s what must be done.
【解题导语】 作者小时候与自己的小宠物狗之间有着深厚的感情，他们同吃、同住、同玩。有一天小狗生病死了，作者非常难过。多年以后，作者又有了一只小狗，它临终的时候，作者和儿子把它带到兽医那里，拥抱并感谢了它。作者认为，把小狗有尊严地送走，可以减轻自己的痛苦。
1．A.jumped B．slept
C．came D．shouted
B 解析：根据语境和下文中的“he was my brother”(我把它当兄弟看)并结合选项可知，Laddie睡(slept)在“我”旁边，跟“我”一起吃、一起玩。
2．A.never B．even
C．quickly D．then
B 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，“我”甚至给它穿“我”的衣服。
3．A.tried B．saw
C．enjoyed D．shared
D 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，“我们”几乎分享所有的东西。
4．A.friendship B．fun
C．warmth D．strength
C 解析：根据空前的“we hugged each other for comfort and”并结合选项可知，“我们”抱在一起，寻求安慰和温暖。
5．A.school B．market
C．work D．clinic
A 解析：根据下文中的“When I returned from school”可知，当“我”去上学的时候，它从窗户边看着“我”。
6．A.slowly B．eagerly
C．willingly D．carefully
B 解析：根据该句中的“his face lighting up with pleasure and love”可知，“我”放学回来的时候，它急切地朝门口跑。
7．A.inseparable B．reliable
C．unforgettable D．respectable
A 解析：上文讲作者和小狗一起睡、一起吃、一起玩，作者上学的时候，小狗从窗户边看着作者，作者放学的时候，小狗急切地向门口跑，这一切都说明，作者和小狗是亲密无间的。inseparable“亲密无间的”；reliable“可靠的；可信赖的”；unforgettable“难以忘怀的”；respectable“受人尊敬的”。
8．A.lay B．rode
C．appeared D．lightened
C 解析：根据下文中的“a vet”“cure him”并结合常识可知，多年过去了，它的后背生了疮，下唇长了一个赘生物。“我”想，兽医和药可以治愈它。appear“出现”符合语境。
9．A.environment B．diet
C．exercise D．medicines
D 解析：参见上题解析。
10．A.cupboard B．window
C．box D．door
D 解析：根据上文的“to the door”并结合语境可知，一天，当“我”从学校回来打开门时，没看到它。
11．A.drinking B．feeding
C．hiding D．playing
C 解析：根据该句中的“hideandseek”可知，“我”认为它在(跟“我”)玩捉迷藏，“我”找了它所有最喜欢的藏身之处。
12．A.explain B．cry
C．clarify D．sigh
A 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，与此同时，“我”父母试图向“我”解释，但“我”没听。
13．A.father B．mother
C．brother D．sister
C 解析：根据上文中的“so he was my brother”并结合语境可知，“我”在寻找，在发疯般喊着“我”的兄弟。
14．A.moved B．upset
C．ill D．relieved
C 解析：根据该句中的“off school for many weeks, suffering from extreme sadness”可知，这个打击是“我”不能承受的，结果，“我”病了。
15．A.tool B．toy
C．caretaker D．companion
D 解析：根据空处下文表述“儿子和狗一起各种顽皮”可知，此处表示它是“我”儿子的伙伴。
16．A.owner B．festival
C．friend D．time
D 解析：根据语境可知，当Yogi的生命期限来到的时候，“我们”都陪它一起去了兽医那里。这里的time指的是“生命期限”。
17．A.admired B．thanked
C．praised D．rewarded
B 解析：我们拥抱它，抚摸它，感谢它的陪伴和爱。
18．A.suffered B．softened
C．received D．delivered
B 解析：根据语境可知，那种方式减轻了对“我们”的打击。soften意为“变缓和”。
19．A.pet B．relative
C．animal D．treasure
A 解析：失去宠物是让人心碎的，但“我们”可以选择以不失尊严和避免痛苦的方式来对待宠物的离去。
20．A.suffering B．misunderstanding
C．danger D．embarrassment
A 解析：参见上题解析。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．wildlife n． 野生动植物
2．habitat n.
3．threaten vt.& vi. 恐吓；威胁
4．endanger vt. 危害；使受到危险
5．reserve n. 保护区
6．zone n. 地域；地带；地区
7．species n. 种类；物种
8．carpet n. 地毯
9．fur n. 毛皮；毛；软毛
10．rub vt. 擦；摩擦
11．mosquito n. 蚊子
12．insect n. 昆虫
13．income n. 收入
14．county n. 县；郡
15．incident n. 事件；事变
16．fierce adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的
17．extinction n. 灭绝；消亡
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．certain adj. 确定的；某一；一定
2．importance n. 重要(性)
3．contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍
4．attention n. 注意；关注；注意力
5．bite vt.& vi. 咬；叮；刺痛
6．loss n. 损失；遗失；丧失
7．ending n. 结局；结尾
8.decrease vi.& vt. 减少；(使)变小或变少
9．laughter n. 笑；笑声
10．affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．protect vt.保护→protection n．保护
2．respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应→response n．回答；反应
3．distant adj.远的；远处的→distance n．距离；远方
4．power v．给……提供动力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的
5．secure adj.安全的；可靠的→security n．安全；可靠
6．inspect vt.检查；视察→inspection n．检查→inspector n．检查员
7．appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到→appreciation n．欣赏；感谢；鉴别
8．harm n．& vt.损害；危害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
9．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→merciful adj.宽恕的；仁慈的→merciless adj.残忍的；无情的
10．faith n．信念；信仰→faithful adj.忠诚的；忠实的→faithfully adv.忠诚地；忠实地
11．succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任→success n．成功→successful adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地
12．employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)→employment n．雇用；利用→employer n．雇主；老板→employee n．雇员
13．dust n．灰尘；尘土；尘埃→dusty adj.布满灰尘的
14．relief n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物→relieve vt.使减轻；缓解
1.后缀ful构成的形容词小结
①powerful 强大的；有力的
②harmful 有害的
③doubtful 怀疑的；疑惑的
④faithful 忠诚的
⑤forgetful 健忘的
⑥hopeful 充满希望的
2.“派生名词(v.＋ing)”集锦
①ending 结局；结尾
②training 训练；培养
③feeling 感觉；感情
④painting 绘画；油画
⑤meeting 会议
⑥beginning 开始；开端
3.巧记各种“事件”
①incident n． 事件；事变
②accident n. 事故
③traffic accident 交通事故
④event n. 重大事件；
比赛项目
⑤sports event 体育赛事
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．die__out 灭亡；逐渐消失
2．in__peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地
3．in__danger__(of) 在危险中；垂危
4．in__relief 如释重负；松了口气
5．burst__into__laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
6．protect...from 保护……不受……(危害)
7．pay__attention__to 注意
8．come__into__being 形成；产生
9．according__to 按照；根据……所说
10．so__that 以至于；结果
11．without__mercy 毫不怜悯地
12．do__harm__to 对……有害
1.“come into＋n.”短语一览
①come into being 形成；产生
②come into effect/force 开始生效；开始实行
③come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在
④come into power 开始执政
⑤come into use 开始使用
2.“出现与消失”家族
①die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
②disappear vi. 消失；失踪
③appear vi. 出现
④show up 出现
⑤turn up 出现；发生
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同”
It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as__the__WWF__suggests． 这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。
句型2：with复合结构
After a while she saw some zebra with__black__and__white__lines__going beneath their stomachs. 过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有从上一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。
句型3：the way作先行词，后跟省略that/in which的定语从句
They learned this from the__way the bones were joined together.
他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
句型4：there be (no)．..left(没有)剩下……
This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there__are__very__few__left.
这里是红髯猴唯一的家园，但是现在所剩无几了。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed(成功) in managing one, I will open more.
2．(2019·天津卷)To many people，technology means computers, handheld devices, or vehicles that travel to distant(远处的) planets.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I’m certain(确定的) that you will like it once you visit the papercutting exhibition.
4．(2018·北京卷)With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance(important) of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
5．(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show, the theme of which is environmental protection(protect)．
6．Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunken driving, the number of accidents from it has greatly decreased(decrease)．
7．Mary is a very stubborn girl and she is seldom affected(affect) by other’s opinion.
8．He was determined to try his best to make up for the loss(lose)．
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·北京卷阅读B)Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground.Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.弄到，获得
2．(2019·天津卷阅读C)If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction of one of them.灭绝
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear！预定
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ七选五)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.咬；叮；刺痛
5．(2017·江苏卷单项填空)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard to find.事件
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．In the letter, he thanked me for my appreciating his work and my appreciation made him confident again.(appreciate)
2．None of the students responded to her question; in other words, her question failed to get a response from any of the students.(respond)
3．The man is always distant towards his neighbors, so his neighbors often keep him at a distance．(distant)
4．Eating too much every day is harmful to our health; that is to say, eating too much every day does harm to our health.(harm)
5．He succeeded his father as manager of the company.Soon their business became very successful．Lots of people wanted to know the secret of his success．(succeed)
6．The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with her employee before he came to work.(employ)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
die out; protect...from; in peace; pay attention to; come into being; according to
As is known to us, animals have been affected by powerful mankind since humans 1.came__into__being. 2.According__to the research, with our environment becoming worse and worse, many animals can’t adapt themselves to the new changes so that many species are in danger of 3.dying__out. It is high time that we should 4.pay__attention__to__the topic of wildlife protection. Firstly, we should start a campaign to raise the public awareness of protecting the wildlife. Secondly, we should take measures to 5.protect animals from being hurt. Last but not least, it is very important to keep the balance of nature. Only when we protect the wildlife and maintain the natural beauty can we live 6.in__peace．
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你按照我告诉你的去做，我相信你会玩得很愉快。
If__you__do__as__I__tell__you,__I am sure you will have a great time.
2．你日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和世间的人的方式。
Something that happens in your daily life will change the__way__you__look__at__the__world and the people in it.
3．我们已经没有时间来仔细考虑它了。
There__has__been__no__time__left for us to think it over.
4．为实现这三项历史性的任务，我们中国人要坚定地继续奋斗。
With__the__three__historic__tasks__to__accomplish,__we Chinese should keep on working with great determination.(with复合结构)
contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing(contain) the best advice I’ve ever had.
②When he was criticized by the boss, he was so angry that he couldn’t contain himself(he)．
③The newlybuilt stadium is big enough to contain twenty thousand students and teachers.容纳
[能力提升]——一句多译
我们班有60名学生，包含35名男生和25名女生。
④There are 60 students in our class, containing__35__boys__and__25__girls．(contain)
⑤There are 60 students in our class, including__35__boys__and__25__girls．(including)
⑥There are 60 students in our class, 35__boys__and__25__girls__included．(included)
(1)contain oneself 克制自己
(2)container n. 容器；集装箱；货柜
[佳句背诵] After the meal, a lucky charm and a red pocket which contains lucky money will be given to everyone and some lucky words are said to each other. 饭后，每个人都会收到一个吉祥饰物和一个装着压岁钱的红包，并互相说一些吉祥话。(2017·浙江卷11月应用文写作)
[名师点津]
(1)contain指容器中盛有某物、装有某物；
(2)include表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内，常构成分词短语sth.included/including sth.。
The container contains many kinds of fruits, including a pineapple/a pineapple included.
这个容器中盛有很多种水果，包括一个菠萝。
affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①With the government’s aid, those people affected(affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
②Affected(affect) with a serious disease, he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)Many young people were affected by his story. They began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
(高级表达)Affected__by__his__story,__many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(分词作状语)
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动
be affected with high fever 发高烧
(2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
[佳句背诵] It is obvious that blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgment. 显而易见， 盲目地接受他人的意见将影响我们的判断。 (2018·江苏卷书面表达)
appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到；欣赏
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①On the night of the MidAutumn Day, people gather together eating moon cakes and appreciating(appreciate) the full moon.
②Here I sincerely express my appreciation(appreciate) if you could help me find the lost suitcase.
③I appreciate being__given(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·天津卷书面表达)如果你给我们一些有关如何改进我们的机器人的建议，我将感激不尽。
④I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__give__us__some__advice__on how to improve our robots.
⑤I’d__be__grateful__if__you__could__give__us__some__advice__on how to improve our robots.
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing
重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if...
如果……，我将不胜感激。
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
express one’s appreciation to sb.for sth.
因某事表达对某人的感激之情
[佳句背诵] In addition, I’m crazy to learn how to appreciate western paintings, and I’m wondering if you can tell us some tricks about how to paint.
此外，我很想学习如何欣赏西方绘画，我想知道你是否能告诉我们一些如何绘画的技巧。(2019·天津卷书面表达)
succeed vi.成功；继承 vt.接替；继任
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading(persuade) him to change his mind.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The key to successful(success) small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.
③Finally, I wish this year’s English speech competition a great success.
④As the old saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success(succeed)．”
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤(浙江卷书面表达)这句名言告诉我们，如果我们想取得成功，我们不仅要周密计划，还要彻底实施。
The__saying__tells__us__that__if__we__want__to__succeed,__we should not only plan carefully but also act it out thoroughly.
(1)succeed in (doing) sth. 成功地(做)某事
succeed sb.as 接替某人成为……
(2)success n. [U]成功，成就；
[C]成功的人或事物
(3)successful adj. 成功的
[佳句背诵] He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed.
他认为如果辞去正职工作，他就会失去了工作和想要成功的干劲。(2018·浙江卷6月完形)
[名师点津]
(1)success n． [U]成功，成就
failure n. [U]失败
(2)success n. [C]成功的人或事物
failure n. [C]失败的人或事物
employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have__been__employed(employ) only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
②The government has taken effective measures to create more employment(employ) opportunities.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
忙于读书，他没注意到汤姆进来。
③(普通表达)Because he was__employed__in__reading,__he didn’t see Tom come in.
④(高级表达)Employed__in__reading,__he didn’t see Tom come in.(分词作状语)
(1)employ sb.as... 雇用某人任……
employ sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2) 忙于(做)某事
(3)employer n． 雇主
employee n. 雇员；受雇者
employment n. 职业；工作；使用
[佳句背诵] If I am lucky enough to be employed, I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust.
一旦有幸被雇用，我将尽最大的努力回报您的信任。
harm n．伤害；损害 vt.损害；危害
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①There is no harm in giving gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．损害；危害
[能力提升]——一句多译
众所周知，观看暴力电视节目对孩子们有害。
③As we know, watching violence on TV does__harm__to__children/does__children__harm．(harm n．)
④As we know, watching violence on TV is__harmful__to__children．(harmful adj.)
(1)do/cause harm to sb. 对某人造成伤害
do sb. harm 对某人造成伤害
There is no harm in doing sth.
做某事无害处。
(2)harmful adj. 有害的，造成伤害的
be harmful to... 对……有害
[佳句背诵] At present, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, doing serious harm to life and the environment. 目前，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。
die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As a consequence, many species are quickly dying out．
②When the applause had died down,__she began her speech.
③You mentioned that you would like to teach English in return, which is exactly what I am__dying(die) for.
[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级
④(普通表达)As the living environment becomes worse and worse, many species are gradually disappearing.
(高级表达)With the living environment becoming__worse__and__worse,__many species are gradually dying__out．(with的复合结构)
(1)die away (声音、光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from 因……而死
die down 减弱；平息
(2)be dying for 很想要；渴望
be dying to do sth. 极想干某事
[佳句背诵] Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying out because of human activities.
这一地区的一些稀有鸟类由于人类活动正面临灭绝的危险。
protect...from... 保护……不受……(危害)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for they can protect our feet from being__hurt(hurt)．
②She made contributions to the environmental protection(protect), though she was just a child.
③In summer, many people usually wear dark glasses to protect their eyes from the sun.
[能力提升]——一句多译
必须采取有效措施保护环境免受污染。
④Effective measures must be taken to__protect__the__environment__from/against__pollution．(protect)
⑤Effective measures must be taken to__prevent/keep/stop__the__environment__from__being__polluted．(prevent/keep/stop)
(1)protect...against... 保护……以防……
(2) 阻止……做……
(3)protection n. 保护
[佳句背诵] In order to protect the endangered animals from extinction, we sincerely hope you can take some measures.
为了保护濒危动物免于灭绝，我们真诚希望你们能采取一些措施。
[名师点津] 以上短语在被动语态中均不可省略from，而在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略。
pay attention to 注意，留意
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①In order to protect the balance of nature, the professor suggested that we(should) pay attention to improving(improve) people’s environmental awareness.
②He stood there, with his attention fixed(fix) on the notice on the wall.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)在中国如果你参加晚宴，你应该特别注意你的餐桌礼仪。
If you attend a dinner party in China, you should__pay__special__attention__to__your__table__manners．
(1)draw/attract/catch one’s attention
引起某人的注意
fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention on...
把注意力集中在……
(2)devote one’s attention to...
把注意力放在……
[佳句背诵] I was aware that I just paid much attention to making plans but did nothing.
我意识到我只是太专注于制定计划，却什么也没做成。(浙江卷书面表达)
as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同”
(教材P26)It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests.
这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。
[基础练习]——完成句子
①As the old saying goes, “When__in__Rome,__do__as__the__Romans__do(入乡随俗)．”
②As__she__grew__older(随着她年龄的增长), she built confidence.
③Exhausted__as__they__were(尽管他们精疲力竭), they stayed up preparing for the exams.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)Although we were tired, we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
(高级表达)Tired__as/though__we__were,__we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.(倒装)
as作为连词的用法主要有：
(1)“按照；如同”，引导方式状语从句。
(2)“当……时候；一边……一边；随着”，引导时间状语从句。
(3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。
(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。
[佳句背诵] If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did, the lake will be severely polluted and soon turn into a huge dustbin.
如果所有到仙女湖公园的游客都像这对夫妇那样做，那么湖水会严重污染，而且很快就会变成一个大垃圾箱。
the way作先行词，后跟省略that/in which的定语从句
(教材P30)They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.
他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of__determining and communicating what is real.
②To be honest, I don’t like the way that you speak to her.
[能力提升]——一句多译
你应该牢记：与同班同学交流是提高学习成绩的有效方法。
③You should keep it in mind that communicating with your classmates is a__good__way__to__improve__your__study．
④You should keep it in mind that communicating with your classmates is a__good__way__that/which__can__improve__your__study．
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词that/in which省略。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词 that/which，作宾语时可以省略。
[佳句背诵] I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way he speaks English.
我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．I appreciate being__invited(invite) to your party, but I have an important thing to attend to.
2．I received a letter containing(contain) some important information about the project.
3．It is a rule that our luggage should be__inspected(inspect) by customs officers.
4．In the newspaper of our school there is a column called(call) “Foreign Cultures”．
5．A good story does not necessarily have a happy ending(end), but the reader must not be left unsatisfied.
6．Personally, we should attach great__importance(important) to the protection of some endangered animals.
7．To__decrease(decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
8．Nearly all of the young people interviewed believed that hard work was the key to success(succeed)．
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．Up to now, scientists haven’t found a right reason to explain why dinosaurs died out about 65 million years ago.
2．According to the report, scientists have a great many theories about how the universe came into being.
3．Our aim is to live in peace with each other and give our children a better future.
4．After he retired, the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from being__damaged(damage)．
5．I’m at a loss how to deal with the challenging problem, so I turn to my parents for help.
6．School activities are usually considered a good way to__make(make) new friends and develop new interests.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(2019·北京卷)If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.adj.某些
2．(2017·天津卷书面表达)I am employed in my lessons now for the College Entrance Examination, which is very important to me, is near.adj.忙于
3．(全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.adj.疯狂的
4．After the fierce quarrel, the explorer remained cold and distant.adj.冷漠的
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
As we know, too many trees are cut down in our daily life, which does great harm 1.to the environment.Meanwhile, 2.hunting(hunt) too much has affected the number of wild animals greatly.As a result, some animals have died 3.out and others are in danger.Fortunately, our government has paid attention 4.to the situation and has taken a series of measures to protect wild animals from 5.being__endangered(endanger). We are sure that we will succeed 6.in preventing the situation from getting worse.
(二)
As the old saying goes, “When in Rome, do 1.as the Romans do.” It’s easier said than done.As it is the first time that I 2.have__studied(study) abroad as an exchange student. I have 3.difficulty(difficult) in getting along with my classmates.Meanwhile, I don’t like the way 4.that my teacher teaches me.What’s worse, last Saturday I lost my bag, 5.containing(contain) my passport, ID card and a lot of money.I feel very lonely and upset here.I’d appreciate 6.it if you could give me some advice on how to adapt to my new surroundings.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
调查研究证明，中国江豚受人类活动影响而濒临灭绝，目前总数仅约1 000只，假设你是李华，请用英文给WWF写一封信，请他们关注这个现象并提供帮助。内容包括：①说明写信目的；②简述江豚现状；③希望WWF如何帮助。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我是李华，写信请您注意江豚的情况。
I__am__Li__Hua,__writing__to__ask__you__to__pay__attention__to__the__situation__of__Finless__Porpoises.
②江豚受到人类活动的严重影响，因此目前只剩下大约1 000只江豚。
Finless Porpoises are__seriously__affected__by__human__activities,__so__that__there__are__only__about__1，000__Finless__Porpoises__left at present.
③我们诚挚地希望你们采取措施保护这种濒危物种免于灭绝。
We sincerely hope that measures can be taken to protect__this__endangered__species__from__dying__out．
④我们需要专家帮助我们更好地了解江豚，这样的话，我们就能更好地照顾它们。
We need help from experts to better understand the animals. In that case, we__can__take__better__care__of__them．
⑤我们不仅需要更多的赞助而且应该雇用更多的工人帮助我们。(使用被动语态)
Not only more sponsorship will be needed but also more__workers__should__be__employed__to__help__us．
⑥尽管任务艰巨，我们相信我们迟早会成功。
Though the task is challenging, we__are__certain__that__we__will__succeed in time.
⑦如果你考虑我们的请求我将非常感激。
I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__take__our__request__into__consideration.
2．升级平淡句
⑧用非限制性定语从句升级句④
We__need__help__from__experts__to__better__understand__the__animals,__in__which__case__we__can__take__better__care__of__them.
⑨用倒装句和主语从句升级句⑥
Challenging__as/though__the__task__is,__it__is__certain__that__we__will__succeed__in__time.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：first of all, in addition)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am Li Hua, writing to ask you to pay attention to the situation of Finless Porpoises. Finless Porpoises are seriously affected by human activities, so that there are only about 1，000 Finless Porpoises left at present.
We sincerely hope that measures can be taken to protect this endangered species from dying out. First of all, we need help from experts to better understand the animals, in which case we can take better care of them. In addition, not only more sponsorship will be needed but also more workers should be employed to help us. Challenging as/though the task is, it is certain that we will succeed in time.
I would appreciate it if you could take our request into consideration.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·宁波重点中学模拟)Pangolins(穿山甲) are strangelooking creatures, covered with hard scales(鳞). They can roll up into a ball to protect themselves from enemies and have tongues that are longer than their bodies.
Pangolins have recently become the focus of Chinese people. A screenshot of a microblog post showed some people eating pangolins at a feast spread. A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.
Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg. Many more pangolins have been hunted or killed. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), more than 1 million of them have been killed or sold in the last 10 years. It also said that they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world. In September 2016, the IUCN added the pangolin to the world’s “endangered animals list”. They are now more endangered than pandas.
A growing trade of their scales and meat is the main reason for their decline in number. Many people in Asia and Africa consider pangolin meat is delicious. Some people even think pangolin scales have medical qualities. However, their scales are made of keratin(角蛋白), the same material human fingernails are made of.
Luckily, the situation is getting better. World Pangolin Day is on the third Saturday of February each year. It’s a day to help people know more about pangolins. The government now stops anyone from buying and eating pangolins in China. Breaking this law is regarded as a crime, and the trade of pangolins across the world is also not allowed, according to the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了穿山甲濒临灭绝的现状以及为保护穿山甲而采取的举措。
1．Pangolins have caught people’s attention these years because ________．
A．they look strange
B．they appear in some movies
C．they are killed and eaten by people
D．they have something to do with pandas
C 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“attention”和“these years”，定位在原文第二段。该段开头说，穿山甲近来成为中国人关注的焦点，然后提到一张屏幕截图和一些图片中，穿山甲成为人们的盘中珍馐，这与C项的描述是一致的。
2．The real aim of World Pangolin Day may be to ________．
A．attract people to the zoo to watch pangolins
B．lift people’s awareness of protecting pangolins
C．remind people of pangolins’ medical value
D．explain the law to people
B 解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的“World Pangolin Day”，定位在原文最后一段。该段主要陈述为保护穿山甲而采取的举措，而这个节日能让人们更多地了解穿山甲，从而提高人们保护穿山甲的意识，故选B。
3．What might be the author’s attitude towards the measures taken to protect pangolins?
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，中国政府禁止任何人购买和食用穿山甲，世界各地也禁止买卖穿山甲，局面正在好转，由此可推知作者觉得这些措施是有效的，故选A。
【难句分析】 A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.
分析：本句是一个简单句。句中有动名词短语作定语修饰pictures以及现在分词短语作宾补。
译文：几天后，人们再次被几张照片激怒，照片显示人们在吃保护动物，其中包括穿山甲。
B
A day in the life of a sun bear is what you might expect from the name: sunny. In its natural habitat, the sun bear spends over 80 percent of its active waking time in daylight.
But when disturbed by human activity, that changes dramatically. In areas where people are pushing into the sun bear’s habitat, the animals are spending 90 percent of their waking time after dark. Effectively, the threat of human presence is making the sun bear change into “the moon bear”．
Led by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, the study found that human activity is driving scores of mammals to shift their activity from the daytime into the dark hours of the night. As many animals have already been forced out of their local habitats, others are attempting to avoid interaction with humans by separating themselves in time rather than in space.
For the work, the researchers examined the behaviors of 64 mammal species, including deer, tigers, boars, and, of course, sun bears. They observed increased nocturnal(夜间发生的) behavior in a large majority of them, with species that are naturally active during the day tending to shift their activity to after dark, and those that are naturally nocturnal becoming more so. The mammals affected ranged across body size, the habitat type, the region of the world, and diet.
Human activity of all sorts affect animals’ lives, including activities like hunting, agriculture and land development, harvesting local natural resources, even hiking or walking through wild areas. Sport hunting in the Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe drove antelopes to spend more of their active waking hours at night, restricting their access to water. Similarly, hikers in the Santa Cruz Mountains in California made coyotes(郊狼) more nocturnal, forcing them to find new preys(猎物) among traditionally nocturnal animals.
The researchers warn that profound shifts in the natural behavior patterns of so many species disturb dynamics that have evolved over generations, leading to a series of unknown effects on the entire ecosystems.
【解题导语】 研究发现，人类活动正迫使许多哺乳动物将它们的活动时间从白天转移到黑夜，这会影响到整个生态系统。
4．What did the study find?
A．More animals separate themselves in space.
B．Human activity changes animals’ way of life.
C．Many animals were pushed out of their local habitats.
D．The sun bear spends over 80% waking time in daylight.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“the study found that human activity is driving scores of mammals to shift their activity from the daytime into the dark hours of the night”可知，研究发现，人类活动正迫使许多哺乳动物将它们的活动时间从白天转移到黑夜。由此可知，人类活动改变了动物的生活方式。故选B项。
5．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The sun bear.
B．The waking time.
C．Human activity.
D．The natural habitat.
B 解析：代词指代题。根据第一段最后一句“In its natural habitat, the sun bear spends over 80 percent of its active waking time in daylight.”可知，在自然栖息地，太阳熊白天超过80%的时间度过它们醒着的时间，并结合画线词所在句可知，当受到人类活动的干扰，太阳熊醒着的时间极大地改变了。故画线词指代The waking time。故选B项。
6．What can we infer from paragraph 5?
A．Antelopes have easier access to water.
B．Coyotes have to prey on new types for survival.
C．Human activity shortens animals’ sleeping time.
D．Animals have managed to escape interaction with humans.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Similarly, hikers in the Santa Cruz Mountains in California made coyotes(郊狼) more nocturnal, forcing them to find new preys(猎物) among traditionally nocturnal animals.”可知，因为人类活动，郊狼为了生存不得不寻找新的猎物。故选B项。
7．What does the author want to tell us in the text?
A．Human threat makes the sun bear nocturnal.
B．Animals are badly hurt by human presence.
C．Animals become more adaptable thanks to humans.
D．Ecosystems may be reshaped due to human activity.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段“The researchers warn that profound shifts in the natural behavior patterns of so many species disturb dynamics that have evolved over generations, leading to a series of unknown effects on the entire ecosystems.”并结合文章其他内容可知，作者想要告诉我们，由于人类活动，生态系统可能会被重塑。故选D项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·杭州诊断)When I was born there was already another youngster in the family—a collie dog just three months old.
Laddie __1__ near me, ate with me and played with me. I __2__ dressed him in my clothes. We __3__ almost everything and we hugged each other for comfort and __4__. I had no brothers or sisters, so he was my brother. When I left for __5__ he watched me from the window and on my return he ran __6__ to the door, his face lighting up with pleasure and love. We were __7__．
Years passed and sores(疮) __8__ on his back and a growth(赘生物) on his lower lip.I thought a vet and __9__ would cure him.
When I returned from school one day and opened the __10__， there was no Laddie. Believing he was playing “hideandseek”， I searched all his favorite __11__ places. Meanwhile my parents were trying to __12__ to me, but I was not listening. I was searching and calling madly for my __13__．
The blow was more than I could bear, and as a result I was __14__ and off school for many weeks, suffering from extreme sadness.
Many years passed before I got a dog of my own. He was my son’s __15__. The two would get up to all kinds of mischief(顽皮). When Yogi’s __16__ came we all went with him to the vet’s and hugged him, petted him and __17__ him for his company and love. That way it __18__ the blow for us.
The loss of a(n) __19__ is heartbreaking, but we have the option of providing that final release with dignity and avoiding __20__. It’s what must be done.
【解题导语】 作者小时候与自己的小宠物狗之间有着深厚的感情，他们同吃、同住、同玩。有一天小狗生病死了，作者非常难过。多年以后，作者又有了一只小狗，它临终的时候，作者和儿子把它带到兽医那里，拥抱并感谢了它。作者认为，把小狗有尊严地送走，可以减轻自己的痛苦。
1．A.jumped B．slept
C．came D．shouted
B 解析：根据语境和下文中的“he was my brother”(我把它当兄弟看)并结合选项可知，Laddie睡(slept)在“我”旁边，跟“我”一起吃、一起玩。
2．A.never B．even
C．quickly D．then
B 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，“我”甚至给它穿“我”的衣服。
3．A.tried B．saw
C．enjoyed D．shared
D 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，“我们”几乎分享所有的东西。
4．A.friendship B．fun
C．warmth D．strength
C 解析：根据空前的“we hugged each other for comfort and”并结合选项可知，“我们”抱在一起，寻求安慰和温暖。
5．A.school B．market
C．work D．clinic
A 解析：根据下文中的“When I returned from school”可知，当“我”去上学的时候，它从窗户边看着“我”。
6．A.slowly B．eagerly
C．willingly D．carefully
B 解析：根据该句中的“his face lighting up with pleasure and love”可知，“我”放学回来的时候，它急切地朝门口跑。
7．A.inseparable B．reliable
C．unforgettable D．respectable
A 解析：上文讲作者和小狗一起睡、一起吃、一起玩，作者上学的时候，小狗从窗户边看着作者，作者放学的时候，小狗急切地向门口跑，这一切都说明，作者和小狗是亲密无间的。inseparable“亲密无间的”；reliable“可靠的；可信赖的”；unforgettable“难以忘怀的”；respectable“受人尊敬的”。
8．A.lay B．rode
C．appeared D．lightened
C 解析：根据下文中的“a vet”“cure him”并结合常识可知，多年过去了，它的后背生了疮，下唇长了一个赘生物。“我”想，兽医和药可以治愈它。appear“出现”符合语境。
9．A.environment B．diet
C．exercise D．medicines
D 解析：参见上题解析。
10．A.cupboard B．window
C．box D．door
D 解析：根据上文的“to the door”并结合语境可知，一天，当“我”从学校回来打开门时，没看到它。
11．A.drinking B．feeding
C．hiding D．playing
C 解析：根据该句中的“hideandseek”可知，“我”认为它在(跟“我”)玩捉迷藏，“我”找了它所有最喜欢的藏身之处。
12．A.explain B．cry
C．clarify D．sigh
A 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，与此同时，“我”父母试图向“我”解释，但“我”没听。
13．A.father B．mother
C．brother D．sister
C 解析：根据上文中的“so he was my brother”并结合语境可知，“我”在寻找，在发疯般喊着“我”的兄弟。
14．A.moved B．upset
C．ill D．relieved
C 解析：根据该句中的“off school for many weeks, suffering from extreme sadness”可知，这个打击是“我”不能承受的，结果，“我”病了。
15．A.tool B．toy
C．caretaker D．companion
D 解析：根据空处下文表述“儿子和狗一起各种顽皮”可知，此处表示它是“我”儿子的伙伴。
16．A.owner B．festival
C．friend D．time
D 解析：根据语境可知，当Yogi的生命期限来到的时候，“我们”都陪它一起去了兽医那里。这里的time指的是“生命期限”。
17．A.admired B．thanked
C．praised D．rewarded
B 解析：我们拥抱它，抚摸它，感谢它的陪伴和爱。
18．A.suffered B．softened
C．received D．delivered
B 解析：根据语境可知，那种方式减轻了对“我们”的打击。soften意为“变缓和”。
19．A.pet B．relative
C．animal D．treasure
A 解析：失去宠物是让人心碎的，但“我们”可以选择以不失尊严和避免痛苦的方式来对待宠物的离去。
20．A.suffering B．misunderstanding
C．danger D．embarrassment
A 解析：参见上题解析。
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