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2021版浙江高考英语（人教版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦必修1学案4Unit4 Earthquakes
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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．earthquake n． 地震
2．quake n. 震动；地震
3．crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声
vt.& vi. (使)开裂；破裂
4．smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的
5．farmyard n. 农场；农家
6．pipe n. 管；导管
7．event n. 事件；大事
8．dam n. 水坝；堰堤
9．canal n. 运河；水道
10．steam n. 蒸汽；水汽
11．survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；
残存物
12．brick n. 砖；砖块
13．track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹
14．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；
避身处
15．title n. 标题；头衔；资格
16．bar n. 条；棒；条状物
17．reporter n. 记者
18．outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓
19．headline n. 报刊的大字标题
20．well n. 井
21．cyclist n. 骑自行车的人
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．burst vi. 爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
2．million n. 百万
3．rescue n．& vt. 援救；营救
4．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
5．destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭
6．damage n．& vt. 损失；损害
7．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭
vt. 毁灭；使破产
8．trap vt. 使陷入困境
n. 陷阱；困境
9．electricity n. 电；电流；电学
10．sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地
11．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的→nationality n．国籍
2．shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
3．injure vt.伤害；损害→injury n．损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的
4．express vt.表示；表达 n．快车；速递→expression n．表达；表情
5．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
6．congratulate vt.祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词
7．use n．& vt.用→useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful adj.有用的
8．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极度地
9．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．看法，意见；判断力；审判，判决
10．dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.脏的，肮脏的
11．mine n．矿；矿山；矿井→miner n．矿工
1.聚焦ing/ed结尾的形容词
①
②
③
④
2.“真诚；诚实”家族
①sincere adj. 真诚的
sincerely adv. 真诚地
②genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的
genuinely adv. 真诚地；诚实地
③hearty adj. 亲切的；真诚的；
热诚的
④honest adj. 诚实的；正直的
honesty n. 诚实；正直；坦诚
3.“A→A→A”式不规则动词变化
①burst→burst→burst 爆裂；爆发
②cost→cost→cost 花费
③put→put→put 放下
④hurt→hurt→hurt 伤害
⑤shut→shut→shut 关闭
⑥hit→hit→hit 打
⑦cut→cut→cut 砍，切
⑧forecast→forecast→forecast 预报
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．right__away 立刻；马上
2．think__little/nothing__of 认为……没什么了不起
3．at__an__end 结束；终结
4．in__ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
5．dig__out 掘出；发现
6．a__(great)__number__of 许多；大量的
7．be__proud__of__ 为……自豪
8．judging__from 从……判断
9．be__trapped__in 陷入
10．be__buried__in 埋头于
1.“think＋adv.＋of”短语荟萃
①think little of 认为……没什么了不起
②think highly of 重视；看得起
③think well of 重视
④think poorly of 轻视
⑤think badly of 认为……不好
2.“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达
①be lost in
②be buried in
③be occupied in
④be absorbed in
⑤be devoted to
⑥apply oneself to
3.表示“立刻；马上”的词语荟萃
①right away
②right now
③at once
④in no time
⑤immediately
⑥instantly
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：too...to...太……而不能……，表示否定意义
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too__nervous__to__eat.
在农家大院里， 鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
句型2：It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...(对某人来说)似乎/好像……
It__seemed__as__if the world was at an end！ 仿佛到了世界末日！
句型3：everywhere引导让步状语从句
Everywhere__they__looked nearly everything was destroyed. 无论他们往哪里看， 几乎一切都被毁了。
句型4：all...not＝not all...表示部分否定
All__hope__was__not__lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．His house was destroyed(破坏) in the earthquake last year and he had to build a new one.
2．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue(营救) team to look for them.
3．Too much drinking will do damage(伤害) to your health. You should take the doctor’s advice.
4．This is one of the worst natural disasters(disaster) ever to hit the area.
5．(2019·北京卷)They are__extremely(extreme) important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.
6．(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·浙江卷6月阅读A)Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby.He finds old military(军队的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors，Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.跟踪
2．(2019·江苏卷阅读B)These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.裂缝
3．(2019·北京卷阅读B)It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar.糖果
4．(2017·北京卷完形)She couldn’t understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.避身处
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．After seeing the frightening film, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark. (frighten)
2．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
3．Judging from his looks, he must be an honest man. On the contrary, he often robs and steals, so the judge pointed out that a man should not be judged by his appearance.(judge)
4．We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)
5．Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby, and fortunately the injuries were not serious, not life threatening.(injure)
6．Britain is a developed nation and its national flower is rose. Many people dream of having British nationality．(nation)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
a number of; think highly of; be buried in; be proud of; judge from
Tom came up with a good idea for an invention after he had 1.been__buried__in his research for years. This invention was a shock to the world and it was 2.highly__thought__of by many famous scientists. 3.Judging__from recent surveys, his invention would greatly benefit the disabled. Many people wrote him letters conveying congratulations on his success. He also received 4.a__number__of__invitations to international conferences. His family and friends 5.were__proud__of him.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(全国卷Ⅲ)我不能和你一起去书店，因为我身体太虚弱了以至于无法走出卧室。
The reason why I can’t go to the bookstore with you is that I’m too__weak__to__walk__out__of my bedroom.
2．一对年轻夫妇在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。
A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as__if__they__were__the__only__people__in__the__world．
3．无论他走到哪里，他都受到热烈欢迎。
Everywhere__he__went,__he received a warm welcome.
4．在我们学校并非所有的学生都在课余时间进行体育锻炼。
All the students in our school don’t__take__physical__exercise in their spare time.
burst vi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils burst__in．
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。
③(普通表达)When she saw her classmates burst__into__laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst__into__tears.
④(高级表达)Seeing__her__classmates__burst__out__laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst__out__crying．(burst out；分词作状语)
(1) 突然哭起来/笑起来
(2)burst in/into 闯入，突然破门而入
(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒
(4)a burst of 一阵
[佳句背诵] When the professor entered the lecture hall, there was a burst of applause.
当教授走进演讲大厅时，突然爆发出一阵掌声。
[名师点津]
(1)burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；
(2)burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。
ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；[常用复数]废墟 vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(北京卷)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)．
②He returned home several years later, only to be told the whole supermarket had__been__ruined(ruin) in a great fire.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他犯了个错误， 这让他失去了出国的机会。
③He made a mistake, which__ruined__the__chance of going abroad.(定语从句)
④He made a mistake, ruining__the__chance of going abroad.(分词作状语)
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame
毁坏某人的健康/声誉
[佳句背诵] A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins.
许多高楼在三年前除了废墟什么也没有的地方拔地而起。
injure vt.损害；伤害
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·北京卷)By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured(injure) ankle hurt badly.
②(2018·北京卷)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was__injured(injure)．
③A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured(injure) to the hospital.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④我的左脚受了重伤，不能按计划和你一起去了。
With__my__left__foot__seriously__injured,__I can’t go with you as planned.
(1)injured adj. 受伤的
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
[佳句背诵] I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would have been injured.
我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。
bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·天津卷书面表达)Though buried(bury) in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
②He sank into a chair, burying (bury) his face in his hands.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
他埋头看书，不知道外面在下雨。
③(普通表达)Because he buried__himself__in/was__buried__in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
④(高级表达)Burying__himself__in__his__books,__he was not aware it was raining outside. (现在分词短语作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Buried__in__his__books,__he was not aware it was raining outside. (过去分词短语作状语)
(1) 埋头于；专心于
(2)bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
[佳句背诵] She sat on the ground, buried in thought. 她坐在地上，陷入沉思。
[联想发散] 表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
①be devoted to；
②be lost in；
③be engaged in；
④be absorbed in；
⑤focus/concentrate on．
judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge)．
②We can judge the age by the growth ring of the tree, and it must have lived for many years.
③Judging(judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we don’t judge a man by/from his looks.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④我认为，他们让一些学生带手机是错误的。
As__far__as__I__can__judge,__it is wrong for them to let some students carry mobile phones.
(1)judge...from/by... 从……来判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
(2)judging by/from... 根据……判断
(3)judgement n. 看法；判断力；判决
[佳句背诵] I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school on June 15. 我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的裁判。
[名师点津] judging from/by表示“从……来看”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。
at an end 结束；终结
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The meeting came to an end and he set down a number of key words.
②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing(apologize)．
③Go straight and you will find the hospital at the end of the road.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)The speech contest finished. Thankfully, I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.
(高级表达)The speech contest was__at__an__end. Thankfully, I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off in__the__end．
(1)at the end of... 在……尽头，在……末端
by the end of... 到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
(2)come to an end 结束
put an end to sth. 结束；终结
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵
(3)end up with 以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做某事结束
[佳句背诵] When the journey was at an end，everybody felt tired and hungry.
当旅程结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。
a (great) number of 许多；大量的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners are__learning(learn) Chinese as a second language.
②In China, the number of cities is__increasing(increase) whose development is recognized across the world.
③A great deal of money was__donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
④With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are(be) being washed away.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置许多新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。
I’ve heard that our school library is planning to__buy__a__number__of__new__books,__so I am writing to recommend some books.
(1)＋可数名词复数
(2)＋不可数名词
(3)＋
[佳句背诵] In addition, there are a great number of famous artists whose masterpieces will be on exhibition.
此外，许多著名艺术家的杰作将被展览。(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
too...to...太……而不能……，表示否定意义
(教材P26) In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Little John is too young to__take(take) up the difficult job.
②He was too eager to know the result of his examination.
③You can’t be too careful when you do your homework.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④这辆自行车似乎太重了，很难控制。更糟糕的是，我从自行车上摔下来很多次。
The bike seemed too__heavy__and__difficult__to__control. Worse still, I took many falls off the bike.
(1)too＋adj./adv.(for sb.) ＋to do sth.表示否定的意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
(2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。
(3)can’t/can never...too...再怎么……也不过分。
[佳句背诵] In my view, the problem is too difficult for her to solve.
依我看来，问题对她来说太难解决了。
It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...(对某人来说)似乎/好像……
(教材P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were(be) their own mother.
②When he saw his mother at the street corner, the boy cried sadly as if he had__been__scolded(scold) by someone else.
③He opened his mouth as if to__say(say) something.
④The tennis player is lying on the floor as if hurt(hurt) badly.
[能力提升]——句式升级
⑤(普通表达)She stood there as if she was waiting for someone.
(高级表达)She stood there as__if__waiting for someone.(省略)
(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气。
(2)如果从句所陈述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反：did/were
与过去事实相反：had done
与将来事实相反：would/could...＋do
(3)如as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词。
[佳句背诵] Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It seems as if it is going to rain.Let’s hurry up.
看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。
all...not＝not all...表示部分否定
(教材P26)All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2018·浙江卷6月读后续写)Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing__seemed better than that.
②He told me all pieces of the news, but none__of__them__was__exciting(没有一个是有趣的)．
③Our English teacher is excellent，but she can’t__help__everyone(不能帮助每一个人) in the class in 50 minutes.
[能力提升]——一句多译
事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得很重要。
④The truth is that not__everyone__is__attaching__great__importance__to time management.
⑤The truth is that everyone__is__not__attaching__great__importance__to time management., all...not...＝not all...，意为 “并非所有的……都……”，表示部分否定。
(1)英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非……都……”的意思。
(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
[佳句背诵] It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them. 并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2018·北京卷书面表达)Their expressions(express)suggested they had affection for Chinese tea culture.
2．My father is extremely(extreme) proud that I followed in his footsteps and became a doctor.
3．We offered our sincere congratulations(congratulate) to her when she finally graduated from college.
4．A large number of soldiers were sent there to__rescue (rescue) those trapped in the buildings.
5．When trapped(trap) in the forest, stay where you are, waiting for the rescue.
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Studies found that people who woke(wake) up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．On seeing the Chinese volleyball team appeared on the stage, the audience burst out cheering(cheer)．
2．When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to move.
3．School started, but I felt more nervous as if I were(be) in a foreign country now.
4．Jim entered the competition without much hope，not thinking he would end up with the first prize.
5．San Francisco lay in ruins even though rescuers managed to dig out a great number of survivors.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的含义)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.深入研究
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be careful not to go to extremes.走极端
3．(浙江卷)Suddenly another thought went through Kate’s mind like an electric shock.电击
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
Because of the destruction of the natural habitat in this area, wild animals are in great danger. To avoid any serious 1.injures(injure) to wildlife, a nature reserve was built last month. Our local government received many letters of 2.congratulations(congratulate) from all walks of life. Many people and organizations donated money as a(n) 3.expression(express) of appreciation and support. According to a(n) 4.judgement(judge) made by some experts, this reserve would have a(n) 5.extremely(extreme) positive effect on the local ecosystem. Our government is determined to protect wild animals from being endangered.
(二)
The typhoon caused the worst destruction in the south of China, killing 15 people and 1.injuring(injure) a great number of people. What’s more, a village 2.was__buried(bury) beneath the mud of a landslide though the villagers had been warned that their village would be at risk of 3.being__ruined(ruin). Helicopters were finally sent to the 4.destroyed(destroy) areas because many people needed 5.to__be__rescued(rescue) right away.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
某地发生地震后，许多互联网科技企业、各大旅游网站和汽车公司等纷纷在第一时间加入抢险救灾的行列中。请你以灾区学生李华的名义给这些企业写一封感谢信，表达你的感激之情。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我写信感激你们及时的援助，因为没有你们的援助我的生活就不会恢复正常。
I’m writing to express__my__thanks__for__your__timely__rescue,__because without it my life couldn’t have returned to normal.
②几天前，一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡，使得许多房屋成为废墟并彻底毁坏了我的家。(定语从句)
A few days ago, an__extremely__frightening__earthquake__struck__my__hometown,__which__left__a__great__number__of__houses__in__ruins__and__completely__destroyed__my__house．
③我震惊地发现一切都被埋在了倒塌的房屋下面，于是我大哭起来。
I was__shocked__to__find__everything__buried under the fallen houses, so__I__burst__into__tears/burst__out__crying．
④一切似乎是世界末日。
It__seemed__as__if__the__world__was__at__an__end.
⑤尽管你们是陌生人，但是你们竭尽全力帮助我让我有避难处可住，有足够的食物和水赖以存活。
Strangers as you are, you__have__done__everything__in__your__power__to__help__me__have__a__shelter__to__live__in and enough food and water to survive on.
⑥我再怎么感激你们也不为过。
I__can’t__express__my__gratitude__too__much.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句升级句①
I’m__writing__to__express__my__thanks__for__your__timely__rescue,__without__which__my__life__couldn’t__have__returned__to__normal.
⑧用分词作状语升级句③
Shocked__to__find__everything__buried__under__the__fallen__houses,__I__burst__into__tears/burst__out__crying.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as far as I can judge, thankfully, therefore)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear sir/madam，
I’m writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue, without which my life couldn’t have returned to normal.
A few days ago, an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown, which left a great number of houses in ruins and completely destroyed my house. Shocked to find everything buried under the fallen houses, I burst into tears/burst out crying. As far as I can judge, it seemed as if the world was at an end. Thankfully, strangers as you are, you have done everything in your power to help me have a shelter to live in and enough food and water to survive on. Therefore, I can’t express my gratitude too much.
Yours，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·宁波重点中学教学质量评估)Being “young” is associated with all the good things in life—beauty, hope, and energy. But youth also has negative associations—impulsiveness, troublemaking, and irresponsibility. This negative side seems to be what society focuses on more, which is why young people have mostly been considered as idle and difficult.
But when it comes to Generation Z—those born between 1995 and 2010—this__stereotype doesn’t seem to apply anymore.
In Japan, for example, Gen Zers are less likely to buy on impulse, but take into consideration more a product’s true value.“They’re looking at the companies, not just the products，” Masahiko Uotani, CEO of Japanese cosmetics company Shiseido, told Bloomberg.“They’re asking，‘Are they really delivering value to the society? Are they promoting diversity and inclusiveness？’”
Gen Zers are also more grounded than we’ve expected them to be. According to a recent survey by Bank of America, more than half of young adults aged between 18 and 23 said they were planning to buy a house within five years. And they’re not just saying it—they are willing to make sacrifices for it, including getting a second job and saving money for a down payment instead of spending it on a vacation.
“Despite their young age, this group is pragmatic and actively planning for their future，” D. Steve Boland, head of Consumer Lending at Bank of America, told USA Today.“They have a clear vision of how they are willing to help themselves in order to make it happen.”
Social issues are also at the center of concern of Gen Zers, who take themselves as a changing force of the world. In India, for example, young people who have just reached the voting age are eager to vote for a new leader who is capable of solving problems that matter the most to them, including pollution, unemployment and women’s safety.
As a Gen Zer yourself, what is your plan for the future?
【解题导语】 Z一代是指在1995年和2010年之间出生的人，这一代人在消费方面比较理智。他们比我们想象中更理性、务实，他们对未来有清晰的设想，这颠覆了人们对年轻人的传统看法。
1．What do the underlined words “this stereotype” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Being young is good.
B．Gen Zers are born after 1995.
C．The traditional poor impressions on the youth.
D．The associations with young people.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，社会更关注与年轻人相关的负面情况，通常，年轻人被认为是懒散的和难相处的。结合画线部分所在句可知，此处表述这种刻板印象不再适用于Z一代。故画线部分指的是上文提到的人们对年轻人的传统的、糟糕的印象，故选C。
2．We can infer from the third paragraph that ________．
A．Gen Zers in Japan are picky
B．Gen Zers are selfcentered
C．Gen Zers care little about products
D．Gen Zers are wise when shopping
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Gen Zers are less likely to buy on impulse...‘They’re looking at the companies, not just the products’”可知，Z一代不太可能冲动购物，他们会更多地考虑产品的真正价值，由此可推知，Z一代在购物时是明智的，故正确答案为D。A项意为“日本的Z一代很挑剔”，第三段是讲述日本的Z一代在消费中很理性，并无信息表明他们挑剔。
3．What’s D．Steve Boland’s attitude to the Gen Zers?
A．Approving. B．Negative.
C．Indifferent. D．Critical.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据题干中的关键词D.Steve Boland定位到文章第五段，根据该段内容可知，D.Steve Boland认为尽管Z一代很年轻，但这代人务实且积极地规划他们的未来，他们有清晰的设想并愿意努力去实现它；由此可推知，D.Steve Boland对于Z一代是持赞同的态度的，故正确答案为A。
【难句分析】 According to a recent survey by Bank of America, more than half of young adults aged between 18 and 23 said they were planning to buy a house within five years.
分析：According to a recent survey by Bank of America是介词短语作状语；主句主语是more than half of young adults，谓语是said; they were planning to buy a house within five years是省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语。
译文：根据最近美国银行所做的一项调查，一半以上的18岁到23岁的年轻人说他们正计划在五年之内买房子。
B
Children in rural areas of Cambodia often suffer from or even die of preventable illnesses because there is not any soap available.
In 2014, Samir Lakhani, an American college student, saw the issue while volunteering in a Cambodian village.“I remember quite vividly a mother bathing her newborn baby with laundry powder, which is so harmful to the skin，” said Lakhani.“It’s difficult for rural Cambodians to access soap. First is affordability. If you earn only $1.50 every day, you won’t spend $1 on a bar of soap. Then comes access. The demand is so low that local shops don’t stock soap. The last reason, because many Cambodians don’t really understand where diseases come from, they don’t know how to prevent them, including using soap.”
After figuring out a solution to the problem: the barely used soap in hotels, Lakhani started asking hotels to donate leftover soap.“They were all eager to help，” he explained.
Lakhani registered EcoSoap Bank shortly afterwards. Soon, he received enough funds to hire disadvantaged Cambodian women to collect and reproduce the used soap.
Today, the organization has four recycling centers across the country, providing jobs to 35 local women. And so far, some 174，000 bars of soap have been donated, about 24，000 pounds of soap has been recycled, and hygiene(卫生) has been improved for about 661，000 people.“We are killing__three__birds with one stone，” Lakhani said.
When it comes to the future of EcoSoap Bank, Lakhani said，“We’ve just scratched the surface. Lack of hygiene is not something unique to Cambodia. The demand for improved hygiene in the developing world is huge, and much remains to be done. We’re looking at seven countries to expand to in the near future.”
【解题导语】 柬埔寨农村地区的孩子经常遭受甚至死于可预防的疾病，因为没有任何可用的肥皂；美国人Samir Lakhani注意到了这个问题，于是他开始请求旅馆捐赠肥皂并成立了EcoSoap Bank来解决该地区的肥皂问题。
4．Which of the following is not mentioned as the reason why rural Cambodians don’t use soap?
A．Poverty. B．Inaccessibility.
C．Unawareness. D．Tradition.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“affordability”“access”以及“many Cambodians don’t really understand where diseases come from, they don’t know how to prevent them”可知，贫困、缺少接触途径以及缺乏意识是柬埔寨人很少用肥皂的原因。故选D。
5．What does the underlined part “killing three birds” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Saving soap, curing diseases and providing education.
B．Stopping pollution, providing jobs and inspiring donation.
C．Reducing waste, providing employment and improving health.
D．Recycling waste, helping charity and improving community hygiene.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“four recycling centers”和“providing jobs”以及“hygiene(卫生) has been improved”可知，“killing three birds”在文章中指的是减少废物、提供就业机会以及改进健康状况。故选C。
6．What can we infer about EcoSoap Bank?
A．It won’t be long before it expands to the whole world.
B．There’s little it can do without other countries’ assistance.
C．It will make greater contributions to the developing world.
D．It will soon settle the problem of poor hygiene in Cambodia.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句“We’re looking at seven countries to expand to in the near future.”可知，EcoSoap Bank将会把自己的服务扩展到其他七个发展中国家。由此可推知，EcoSoap Bank将对发展中国家作出更大贡献。故选C。根据最后一段中的“The demand for improved hygiene in the developing world is huge, and much remains to be done.”可知，该组织主要是改进发展中国家的卫生状况，并没有扩展到全世界，故A项错误；文章没有提到B、D两项所表述的内容。
7．What do we know about the text?
A．EcoSoap Bank helps improve hygiene.
B．Cambodian women have a bright future.
C．A US young man calls for helping poor countries.
D．Lack of hygiene remains a serious problem in the world.
A 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了EcoSoap Bank能为柬埔寨乡村地区的人提供肥皂，从而改善那里的卫生状况，故A项正确。文章第五段只提到了35位当地妇女获得工作，故B项以偏概全；本文主要讲述美国人Samir Lakhani成立了EcoSoap Bank来帮助解决柬埔寨的肥皂问题，未提到他呼吁帮助一些贫困国家，故C项不符合题意；文章只提到了柬埔寨以及其他发展中国家的卫生问题，故D项不符合题意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·绍兴诊断性考试)It was 1972, and I was in second grade. In the classroom the teacher, Ms.Boyette was __1__ aloud to us from Island of the Blue Dolphins. And we had just come to a part of the book where the main __2__ was training a wild dog. I was listening, fascinated by the __3__ of all.
Not far away from me, there seated a boy who always frightened or __4__ others, so I was __5__ of this boy. While Ms.Boyette was reading, I looked over at him, for he was someone I was in the __6__ of keeping an eye on. I __7__ that he was listening too, that he was engaged by the __8__， that he was leaning forward in his seat and listening with all his heart. I __9__ at him, openmouthed. I was __10__ that this boy was in fact just __11__ me. He was a kid who liked a story. The boy must __12__ my eyes on him, because he turned. Then something __13__ happened. He smiled at me. __14__， I smiled back, unafraid. We were two __15__ smiling at each other.
Why have I never forgotten this __16__ moment? Why do I still __17__ every detail of it? I think it’s because that moment illustrates so beautifully the __18__ of reading out loud. It shows us into a safe room, where everyone involved, the reader and the listener, can have that chance to __19__ each other. We humans long not just for the story, not just for the flow of language, but for the __20__ that comes when words are read aloud.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过回忆儿时的故事阐明了大声朗读的力量所在。
1．A.shouting B．singing
C．talking D．reading
D 解析：根据下文中的“come to a part of the book”和“I was listening”可推知，当时老师在给学生们朗读小说，与下文中的“While Ms. Boyette was reading”呼应。
2．A.author B．character
C．reader D．listener
B 解析：根据上文可知，老师在给学生们读小说的一个章节，并结合空后的“was training a wild dog”可推知，此处表示小说中的主人公正在训练一只野狗。character“人物，角色”。
3．A.wonder B．silence
C．warmth D．comfort
A 解析：根据空前的“fascinated by the”并结合语境可推知，作者被小说中的奇妙之处迷住了。wonder“奇妙之处”。
4．A.greeted B．touched
C．hurt D．refused
C 解析：根据该句中的“frightened or ______ others”，并结合选项可推知，那个男孩总是吓唬或伤害他人。
5．A.aware B．terrified
C．bored D．guilty
B 解析：根据下文中的“I smiled back, unafraid”，并结合语境可推知，作者害怕这个男孩。
6．A.habit B．form
C．effort D．hope
A 解析：根据下文中的“The boy must ______ my eyes on him, because he turned.”并结合语境可推知，当老师读小说时，作者习惯盯着那个男孩。
7．A.predicted B．imagined
C．promised D．noticed
D 解析：根据上文中的“keeping an eye on”可推知，作者当时一直盯着那个男孩，注意到了一些细节，与下文的具体描述呼应。
8．A.speech B．story
C．journey D．diary
B 解析：根据下文中的“He was a kid who liked a story.”可知，男孩被老师朗读的故事吸引了。
9．A.pointed B．nodded
C．stared D．waved
C 解析：根据上文中的“keeping an eye on”可推知，作者当时盯着那个男孩看。
10．A.struck B．mixed
C．cheated D．confused
A 解析：根据上文的“openmouthed”并结合语境可推知，作者当时很吃惊，突然意识到了什么。strike“突然想到，猛地意识到”。
11．A.behind B．beyond
C．around D．like
D 解析：根据上文中的“I was listening, fascinated by the ______ of all.”可推知，作者喜欢听故事，根据下文中的“He was a kid who liked a story.”可推知，这个男孩也喜欢听故事，作者意识到这个男孩和自己很像。
12．A.ignore B．feel
C．meet D．observe
B 解析：根据空后的“because he turned”可推知，男孩感觉到作者在盯着他，所以转过头来。
13．A.useful B．natural
C．serious D．amazing
D 解析：根据下文的“He smiled at me.”，并结合上文介绍的这个男孩经常吓唬或伤害他人可推知，男孩对作者微笑是一件令人惊奇的事。
14．A.Then B．Again
C．Instead D．Besides
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者给对方以微笑回应，由此可知前后句表示逻辑上的顺承关系。then“然后”。
15．A.strangers B．kids
C．teachers D．enemies
B 解析：根据上文中的“I was in second grade”可知，作者和那个男孩当时都还是孩子。
16．A.funny B．busy
C．lucky D．small
D 解析：根据上文的描述可知，作者陈述的只是上课时的一个短暂的时刻而已。
17．A.seek B．organize
C．recall D．trust
C 解析：根据上文的描述和语境可推知，作者现在是在回忆儿时所发生的事情。recall“回忆起”。
18．A.power B．courage
C．amusement D．ability
A 解析：根据语境可推知，此处表示那个时刻美妙地阐明了大声朗读的力量所在。power“力量”；courage“勇气”；amusement“娱乐”；ability“能力”。
19．A.cheer B．see
C．miss D．mention
B 解析：根据上文中的“We were two ______ smiling at each other.”可推知，大声朗读让朗读者和听众有机会看到彼此。
20．A.challenge B．knowledge
C．choice D．connection
D 解析：根据上文所表述的大声朗读让朗读者和听众有机会看到彼此可推知，大声朗读将朗读者和听众联系起来。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．earthquake n． 地震
2．quake n. 震动；地震
3．crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声
vt.& vi. (使)开裂；破裂
4．smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的
5．farmyard n. 农场；农家
6．pipe n. 管；导管
7．event n. 事件；大事
8．dam n. 水坝；堰堤
9．canal n. 运河；水道
10．steam n. 蒸汽；水汽
11．survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；
残存物
12．brick n. 砖；砖块
13．track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹
14．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；
避身处
15．title n. 标题；头衔；资格
16．bar n. 条；棒；条状物
17．reporter n. 记者
18．outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓
19．headline n. 报刊的大字标题
20．well n. 井
21．cyclist n. 骑自行车的人
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．burst vi. 爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
2．million n. 百万
3．rescue n．& vt. 援救；营救
4．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
5．destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭
6．damage n．& vt. 损失；损害
7．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭
vt. 毁灭；使破产
8．trap vt. 使陷入困境
n. 陷阱；困境
9．electricity n. 电；电流；电学
10．sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地
11．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的→nationality n．国籍
2．shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
3．injure vt.伤害；损害→injury n．损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的
4．express vt.表示；表达 n．快车；速递→expression n．表达；表情
5．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
6．congratulate vt.祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词
7．use n．& vt.用→useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful adj.有用的
8．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极度地
9．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．看法，意见；判断力；审判，判决
10．dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.脏的，肮脏的
11．mine n．矿；矿山；矿井→miner n．矿工
1.聚焦ing/ed结尾的形容词
①
②
③
④
2.“真诚；诚实”家族
①sincere adj. 真诚的
sincerely adv. 真诚地
②genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的
genuinely adv. 真诚地；诚实地
③hearty adj. 亲切的；真诚的；
热诚的
④honest adj. 诚实的；正直的
honesty n. 诚实；正直；坦诚
3.“A→A→A”式不规则动词变化
①burst→burst→burst 爆裂；爆发
②cost→cost→cost 花费
③put→put→put 放下
④hurt→hurt→hurt 伤害
⑤shut→shut→shut 关闭
⑥hit→hit→hit 打
⑦cut→cut→cut 砍，切
⑧forecast→forecast→forecast 预报
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．right__away 立刻；马上
2．think__little/nothing__of 认为……没什么了不起
3．at__an__end 结束；终结
4．in__ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
5．dig__out 掘出；发现
6．a__(great)__number__of 许多；大量的
7．be__proud__of__ 为……自豪
8．judging__from 从……判断
9．be__trapped__in 陷入
10．be__buried__in 埋头于
1.“think＋adv.＋of”短语荟萃
①think little of 认为……没什么了不起
②think highly of 重视；看得起
③think well of 重视
④think poorly of 轻视
⑤think badly of 认为……不好
2.“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达
①be lost in
②be buried in
③be occupied in
④be absorbed in
⑤be devoted to
⑥apply oneself to
3.表示“立刻；马上”的词语荟萃
①right away
②right now
③at once
④in no time
⑤immediately
⑥instantly
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：too...to...太……而不能……，表示否定意义
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too__nervous__to__eat.
在农家大院里， 鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
句型2：It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...(对某人来说)似乎/好像……
It__seemed__as__if the world was at an end！ 仿佛到了世界末日！
句型3：everywhere引导让步状语从句
Everywhere__they__looked nearly everything was destroyed. 无论他们往哪里看， 几乎一切都被毁了。
句型4：all...not＝not all...表示部分否定
All__hope__was__not__lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．His house was destroyed(破坏) in the earthquake last year and he had to build a new one.
2．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue(营救) team to look for them.
3．Too much drinking will do damage(伤害) to your health. You should take the doctor’s advice.
4．This is one of the worst natural disasters(disaster) ever to hit the area.
5．(2019·北京卷)They are__extremely(extreme) important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.
6．(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·浙江卷6月阅读A)Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby.He finds old military(军队的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors，Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.跟踪
2．(2019·江苏卷阅读B)These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.裂缝
3．(2019·北京卷阅读B)It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar.糖果
4．(2017·北京卷完形)She couldn’t understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.避身处
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．After seeing the frightening film, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark. (frighten)
2．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
3．Judging from his looks, he must be an honest man. On the contrary, he often robs and steals, so the judge pointed out that a man should not be judged by his appearance.(judge)
4．We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)
5．Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby, and fortunately the injuries were not serious, not life threatening.(injure)
6．Britain is a developed nation and its national flower is rose. Many people dream of having British nationality．(nation)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
a number of; think highly of; be buried in; be proud of; judge from
Tom came up with a good idea for an invention after he had 1.been__buried__in his research for years. This invention was a shock to the world and it was 2.highly__thought__of by many famous scientists. 3.Judging__from recent surveys, his invention would greatly benefit the disabled. Many people wrote him letters conveying congratulations on his success. He also received 4.a__number__of__invitations to international conferences. His family and friends 5.were__proud__of him.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(全国卷Ⅲ)我不能和你一起去书店，因为我身体太虚弱了以至于无法走出卧室。
The reason why I can’t go to the bookstore with you is that I’m too__weak__to__walk__out__of my bedroom.
2．一对年轻夫妇在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。
A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as__if__they__were__the__only__people__in__the__world．
3．无论他走到哪里，他都受到热烈欢迎。
Everywhere__he__went,__he received a warm welcome.
4．在我们学校并非所有的学生都在课余时间进行体育锻炼。
All the students in our school don’t__take__physical__exercise in their spare time.
burst vi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils burst__in．
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。
③(普通表达)When she saw her classmates burst__into__laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst__into__tears.
④(高级表达)Seeing__her__classmates__burst__out__laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst__out__crying．(burst out；分词作状语)
(1) 突然哭起来/笑起来
(2)burst in/into 闯入，突然破门而入
(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒
(4)a burst of 一阵
[佳句背诵] When the professor entered the lecture hall, there was a burst of applause.
当教授走进演讲大厅时，突然爆发出一阵掌声。
[名师点津]
(1)burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；
(2)burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。
ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；[常用复数]废墟 vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(北京卷)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)．
②He returned home several years later, only to be told the whole supermarket had__been__ruined(ruin) in a great fire.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他犯了个错误， 这让他失去了出国的机会。
③He made a mistake, which__ruined__the__chance of going abroad.(定语从句)
④He made a mistake, ruining__the__chance of going abroad.(分词作状语)
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame
毁坏某人的健康/声誉
[佳句背诵] A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins.
许多高楼在三年前除了废墟什么也没有的地方拔地而起。
injure vt.损害；伤害
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·北京卷)By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured(injure) ankle hurt badly.
②(2018·北京卷)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was__injured(injure)．
③A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured(injure) to the hospital.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④我的左脚受了重伤，不能按计划和你一起去了。
With__my__left__foot__seriously__injured,__I can’t go with you as planned.
(1)injured adj. 受伤的
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
[佳句背诵] I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would have been injured.
我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。
bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·天津卷书面表达)Though buried(bury) in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
②He sank into a chair, burying (bury) his face in his hands.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
他埋头看书，不知道外面在下雨。
③(普通表达)Because he buried__himself__in/was__buried__in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
④(高级表达)Burying__himself__in__his__books,__he was not aware it was raining outside. (现在分词短语作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Buried__in__his__books,__he was not aware it was raining outside. (过去分词短语作状语)
(1) 埋头于；专心于
(2)bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
[佳句背诵] She sat on the ground, buried in thought. 她坐在地上，陷入沉思。
[联想发散] 表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
①be devoted to；
②be lost in；
③be engaged in；
④be absorbed in；
⑤focus/concentrate on．
judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge)．
②We can judge the age by the growth ring of the tree, and it must have lived for many years.
③Judging(judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we don’t judge a man by/from his looks.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④我认为，他们让一些学生带手机是错误的。
As__far__as__I__can__judge,__it is wrong for them to let some students carry mobile phones.
(1)judge...from/by... 从……来判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
(2)judging by/from... 根据……判断
(3)judgement n. 看法；判断力；判决
[佳句背诵] I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school on June 15. 我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的裁判。
[名师点津] judging from/by表示“从……来看”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。
at an end 结束；终结
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The meeting came to an end and he set down a number of key words.
②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing(apologize)．
③Go straight and you will find the hospital at the end of the road.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)The speech contest finished. Thankfully, I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.
(高级表达)The speech contest was__at__an__end. Thankfully, I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off in__the__end．
(1)at the end of... 在……尽头，在……末端
by the end of... 到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
(2)come to an end 结束
put an end to sth. 结束；终结
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵
(3)end up with 以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做某事结束
[佳句背诵] When the journey was at an end，everybody felt tired and hungry.
当旅程结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。
a (great) number of 许多；大量的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners are__learning(learn) Chinese as a second language.
②In China, the number of cities is__increasing(increase) whose development is recognized across the world.
③A great deal of money was__donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
④With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are(be) being washed away.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置许多新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。
I’ve heard that our school library is planning to__buy__a__number__of__new__books,__so I am writing to recommend some books.
(1)＋可数名词复数
(2)＋不可数名词
(3)＋
[佳句背诵] In addition, there are a great number of famous artists whose masterpieces will be on exhibition.
此外，许多著名艺术家的杰作将被展览。(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
too...to...太……而不能……，表示否定意义
(教材P26) In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Little John is too young to__take(take) up the difficult job.
②He was too eager to know the result of his examination.
③You can’t be too careful when you do your homework.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④这辆自行车似乎太重了，很难控制。更糟糕的是，我从自行车上摔下来很多次。
The bike seemed too__heavy__and__difficult__to__control. Worse still, I took many falls off the bike.
(1)too＋adj./adv.(for sb.) ＋to do sth.表示否定的意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
(2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。
(3)can’t/can never...too...再怎么……也不过分。
[佳句背诵] In my view, the problem is too difficult for her to solve.
依我看来，问题对她来说太难解决了。
It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...(对某人来说)似乎/好像……
(教材P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were(be) their own mother.
②When he saw his mother at the street corner, the boy cried sadly as if he had__been__scolded(scold) by someone else.
③He opened his mouth as if to__say(say) something.
④The tennis player is lying on the floor as if hurt(hurt) badly.
[能力提升]——句式升级
⑤(普通表达)She stood there as if she was waiting for someone.
(高级表达)She stood there as__if__waiting for someone.(省略)
(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气。
(2)如果从句所陈述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反：did/were
与过去事实相反：had done
与将来事实相反：would/could...＋do
(3)如as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词。
[佳句背诵] Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It seems as if it is going to rain.Let’s hurry up.
看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。
all...not＝not all...表示部分否定
(教材P26)All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2018·浙江卷6月读后续写)Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing__seemed better than that.
②He told me all pieces of the news, but none__of__them__was__exciting(没有一个是有趣的)．
③Our English teacher is excellent，but she can’t__help__everyone(不能帮助每一个人) in the class in 50 minutes.
[能力提升]——一句多译
事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得很重要。
④The truth is that not__everyone__is__attaching__great__importance__to time management.
⑤The truth is that everyone__is__not__attaching__great__importance__to time management., all...not...＝not all...，意为 “并非所有的……都……”，表示部分否定。
(1)英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非……都……”的意思。
(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
[佳句背诵] It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them. 并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2018·北京卷书面表达)Their expressions(express)suggested they had affection for Chinese tea culture.
2．My father is extremely(extreme) proud that I followed in his footsteps and became a doctor.
3．We offered our sincere congratulations(congratulate) to her when she finally graduated from college.
4．A large number of soldiers were sent there to__rescue (rescue) those trapped in the buildings.
5．When trapped(trap) in the forest, stay where you are, waiting for the rescue.
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Studies found that people who woke(wake) up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．On seeing the Chinese volleyball team appeared on the stage, the audience burst out cheering(cheer)．
2．When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to move.
3．School started, but I felt more nervous as if I were(be) in a foreign country now.
4．Jim entered the competition without much hope，not thinking he would end up with the first prize.
5．San Francisco lay in ruins even though rescuers managed to dig out a great number of survivors.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的含义)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.深入研究
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be careful not to go to extremes.走极端
3．(浙江卷)Suddenly another thought went through Kate’s mind like an electric shock.电击
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
Because of the destruction of the natural habitat in this area, wild animals are in great danger. To avoid any serious 1.injures(injure) to wildlife, a nature reserve was built last month. Our local government received many letters of 2.congratulations(congratulate) from all walks of life. Many people and organizations donated money as a(n) 3.expression(express) of appreciation and support. According to a(n) 4.judgement(judge) made by some experts, this reserve would have a(n) 5.extremely(extreme) positive effect on the local ecosystem. Our government is determined to protect wild animals from being endangered.
(二)
The typhoon caused the worst destruction in the south of China, killing 15 people and 1.injuring(injure) a great number of people. What’s more, a village 2.was__buried(bury) beneath the mud of a landslide though the villagers had been warned that their village would be at risk of 3.being__ruined(ruin). Helicopters were finally sent to the 4.destroyed(destroy) areas because many people needed 5.to__be__rescued(rescue) right away.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
某地发生地震后，许多互联网科技企业、各大旅游网站和汽车公司等纷纷在第一时间加入抢险救灾的行列中。请你以灾区学生李华的名义给这些企业写一封感谢信，表达你的感激之情。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我写信感激你们及时的援助，因为没有你们的援助我的生活就不会恢复正常。
I’m writing to express__my__thanks__for__your__timely__rescue,__because without it my life couldn’t have returned to normal.
②几天前，一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡，使得许多房屋成为废墟并彻底毁坏了我的家。(定语从句)
A few days ago, an__extremely__frightening__earthquake__struck__my__hometown,__which__left__a__great__number__of__houses__in__ruins__and__completely__destroyed__my__house．
③我震惊地发现一切都被埋在了倒塌的房屋下面，于是我大哭起来。
I was__shocked__to__find__everything__buried under the fallen houses, so__I__burst__into__tears/burst__out__crying．
④一切似乎是世界末日。
It__seemed__as__if__the__world__was__at__an__end.
⑤尽管你们是陌生人，但是你们竭尽全力帮助我让我有避难处可住，有足够的食物和水赖以存活。
Strangers as you are, you__have__done__everything__in__your__power__to__help__me__have__a__shelter__to__live__in and enough food and water to survive on.
⑥我再怎么感激你们也不为过。
I__can’t__express__my__gratitude__too__much.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句升级句①
I’m__writing__to__express__my__thanks__for__your__timely__rescue,__without__which__my__life__couldn’t__have__returned__to__normal.
⑧用分词作状语升级句③
Shocked__to__find__everything__buried__under__the__fallen__houses,__I__burst__into__tears/burst__out__crying.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as far as I can judge, thankfully, therefore)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear sir/madam，
I’m writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue, without which my life couldn’t have returned to normal.
A few days ago, an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown, which left a great number of houses in ruins and completely destroyed my house. Shocked to find everything buried under the fallen houses, I burst into tears/burst out crying. As far as I can judge, it seemed as if the world was at an end. Thankfully, strangers as you are, you have done everything in your power to help me have a shelter to live in and enough food and water to survive on. Therefore, I can’t express my gratitude too much.
Yours，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·宁波重点中学教学质量评估)Being “young” is associated with all the good things in life—beauty, hope, and energy. But youth also has negative associations—impulsiveness, troublemaking, and irresponsibility. This negative side seems to be what society focuses on more, which is why young people have mostly been considered as idle and difficult.
But when it comes to Generation Z—those born between 1995 and 2010—this__stereotype doesn’t seem to apply anymore.
In Japan, for example, Gen Zers are less likely to buy on impulse, but take into consideration more a product’s true value.“They’re looking at the companies, not just the products，” Masahiko Uotani, CEO of Japanese cosmetics company Shiseido, told Bloomberg.“They’re asking，‘Are they really delivering value to the society? Are they promoting diversity and inclusiveness？’”
Gen Zers are also more grounded than we’ve expected them to be. According to a recent survey by Bank of America, more than half of young adults aged between 18 and 23 said they were planning to buy a house within five years. And they’re not just saying it—they are willing to make sacrifices for it, including getting a second job and saving money for a down payment instead of spending it on a vacation.
“Despite their young age, this group is pragmatic and actively planning for their future，” D. Steve Boland, head of Consumer Lending at Bank of America, told USA Today.“They have a clear vision of how they are willing to help themselves in order to make it happen.”
Social issues are also at the center of concern of Gen Zers, who take themselves as a changing force of the world. In India, for example, young people who have just reached the voting age are eager to vote for a new leader who is capable of solving problems that matter the most to them, including pollution, unemployment and women’s safety.
As a Gen Zer yourself, what is your plan for the future?
【解题导语】 Z一代是指在1995年和2010年之间出生的人，这一代人在消费方面比较理智。他们比我们想象中更理性、务实，他们对未来有清晰的设想，这颠覆了人们对年轻人的传统看法。
1．What do the underlined words “this stereotype” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Being young is good.
B．Gen Zers are born after 1995.
C．The traditional poor impressions on the youth.
D．The associations with young people.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，社会更关注与年轻人相关的负面情况，通常，年轻人被认为是懒散的和难相处的。结合画线部分所在句可知，此处表述这种刻板印象不再适用于Z一代。故画线部分指的是上文提到的人们对年轻人的传统的、糟糕的印象，故选C。
2．We can infer from the third paragraph that ________．
A．Gen Zers in Japan are picky
B．Gen Zers are selfcentered
C．Gen Zers care little about products
D．Gen Zers are wise when shopping
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Gen Zers are less likely to buy on impulse...‘They’re looking at the companies, not just the products’”可知，Z一代不太可能冲动购物，他们会更多地考虑产品的真正价值，由此可推知，Z一代在购物时是明智的，故正确答案为D。A项意为“日本的Z一代很挑剔”，第三段是讲述日本的Z一代在消费中很理性，并无信息表明他们挑剔。
3．What’s D．Steve Boland’s attitude to the Gen Zers?
A．Approving. B．Negative.
C．Indifferent. D．Critical.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据题干中的关键词D.Steve Boland定位到文章第五段，根据该段内容可知，D.Steve Boland认为尽管Z一代很年轻，但这代人务实且积极地规划他们的未来，他们有清晰的设想并愿意努力去实现它；由此可推知，D.Steve Boland对于Z一代是持赞同的态度的，故正确答案为A。
【难句分析】 According to a recent survey by Bank of America, more than half of young adults aged between 18 and 23 said they were planning to buy a house within five years.
分析：According to a recent survey by Bank of America是介词短语作状语；主句主语是more than half of young adults，谓语是said; they were planning to buy a house within five years是省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语。
译文：根据最近美国银行所做的一项调查，一半以上的18岁到23岁的年轻人说他们正计划在五年之内买房子。
B
Children in rural areas of Cambodia often suffer from or even die of preventable illnesses because there is not any soap available.
In 2014, Samir Lakhani, an American college student, saw the issue while volunteering in a Cambodian village.“I remember quite vividly a mother bathing her newborn baby with laundry powder, which is so harmful to the skin，” said Lakhani.“It’s difficult for rural Cambodians to access soap. First is affordability. If you earn only $1.50 every day, you won’t spend $1 on a bar of soap. Then comes access. The demand is so low that local shops don’t stock soap. The last reason, because many Cambodians don’t really understand where diseases come from, they don’t know how to prevent them, including using soap.”
After figuring out a solution to the problem: the barely used soap in hotels, Lakhani started asking hotels to donate leftover soap.“They were all eager to help，” he explained.
Lakhani registered EcoSoap Bank shortly afterwards. Soon, he received enough funds to hire disadvantaged Cambodian women to collect and reproduce the used soap.
Today, the organization has four recycling centers across the country, providing jobs to 35 local women. And so far, some 174，000 bars of soap have been donated, about 24，000 pounds of soap has been recycled, and hygiene(卫生) has been improved for about 661，000 people.“We are killing__three__birds with one stone，” Lakhani said.
When it comes to the future of EcoSoap Bank, Lakhani said，“We’ve just scratched the surface. Lack of hygiene is not something unique to Cambodia. The demand for improved hygiene in the developing world is huge, and much remains to be done. We’re looking at seven countries to expand to in the near future.”
【解题导语】 柬埔寨农村地区的孩子经常遭受甚至死于可预防的疾病，因为没有任何可用的肥皂；美国人Samir Lakhani注意到了这个问题，于是他开始请求旅馆捐赠肥皂并成立了EcoSoap Bank来解决该地区的肥皂问题。
4．Which of the following is not mentioned as the reason why rural Cambodians don’t use soap?
A．Poverty. B．Inaccessibility.
C．Unawareness. D．Tradition.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“affordability”“access”以及“many Cambodians don’t really understand where diseases come from, they don’t know how to prevent them”可知，贫困、缺少接触途径以及缺乏意识是柬埔寨人很少用肥皂的原因。故选D。
5．What does the underlined part “killing three birds” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Saving soap, curing diseases and providing education.
B．Stopping pollution, providing jobs and inspiring donation.
C．Reducing waste, providing employment and improving health.
D．Recycling waste, helping charity and improving community hygiene.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“four recycling centers”和“providing jobs”以及“hygiene(卫生) has been improved”可知，“killing three birds”在文章中指的是减少废物、提供就业机会以及改进健康状况。故选C。
6．What can we infer about EcoSoap Bank?
A．It won’t be long before it expands to the whole world.
B．There’s little it can do without other countries’ assistance.
C．It will make greater contributions to the developing world.
D．It will soon settle the problem of poor hygiene in Cambodia.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句“We’re looking at seven countries to expand to in the near future.”可知，EcoSoap Bank将会把自己的服务扩展到其他七个发展中国家。由此可推知，EcoSoap Bank将对发展中国家作出更大贡献。故选C。根据最后一段中的“The demand for improved hygiene in the developing world is huge, and much remains to be done.”可知，该组织主要是改进发展中国家的卫生状况，并没有扩展到全世界，故A项错误；文章没有提到B、D两项所表述的内容。
7．What do we know about the text?
A．EcoSoap Bank helps improve hygiene.
B．Cambodian women have a bright future.
C．A US young man calls for helping poor countries.
D．Lack of hygiene remains a serious problem in the world.
A 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了EcoSoap Bank能为柬埔寨乡村地区的人提供肥皂，从而改善那里的卫生状况，故A项正确。文章第五段只提到了35位当地妇女获得工作，故B项以偏概全；本文主要讲述美国人Samir Lakhani成立了EcoSoap Bank来帮助解决柬埔寨的肥皂问题，未提到他呼吁帮助一些贫困国家，故C项不符合题意；文章只提到了柬埔寨以及其他发展中国家的卫生问题，故D项不符合题意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·绍兴诊断性考试)It was 1972, and I was in second grade. In the classroom the teacher, Ms.Boyette was __1__ aloud to us from Island of the Blue Dolphins. And we had just come to a part of the book where the main __2__ was training a wild dog. I was listening, fascinated by the __3__ of all.
Not far away from me, there seated a boy who always frightened or __4__ others, so I was __5__ of this boy. While Ms.Boyette was reading, I looked over at him, for he was someone I was in the __6__ of keeping an eye on. I __7__ that he was listening too, that he was engaged by the __8__， that he was leaning forward in his seat and listening with all his heart. I __9__ at him, openmouthed. I was __10__ that this boy was in fact just __11__ me. He was a kid who liked a story. The boy must __12__ my eyes on him, because he turned. Then something __13__ happened. He smiled at me. __14__， I smiled back, unafraid. We were two __15__ smiling at each other.
Why have I never forgotten this __16__ moment? Why do I still __17__ every detail of it? I think it’s because that moment illustrates so beautifully the __18__ of reading out loud. It shows us into a safe room, where everyone involved, the reader and the listener, can have that chance to __19__ each other. We humans long not just for the story, not just for the flow of language, but for the __20__ that comes when words are read aloud.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过回忆儿时的故事阐明了大声朗读的力量所在。
1．A.shouting B．singing
C．talking D．reading
D 解析：根据下文中的“come to a part of the book”和“I was listening”可推知，当时老师在给学生们朗读小说，与下文中的“While Ms. Boyette was reading”呼应。
2．A.author B．character
C．reader D．listener
B 解析：根据上文可知，老师在给学生们读小说的一个章节，并结合空后的“was training a wild dog”可推知，此处表示小说中的主人公正在训练一只野狗。character“人物，角色”。
3．A.wonder B．silence
C．warmth D．comfort
A 解析：根据空前的“fascinated by the”并结合语境可推知，作者被小说中的奇妙之处迷住了。wonder“奇妙之处”。
4．A.greeted B．touched
C．hurt D．refused
C 解析：根据该句中的“frightened or ______ others”，并结合选项可推知，那个男孩总是吓唬或伤害他人。
5．A.aware B．terrified
C．bored D．guilty
B 解析：根据下文中的“I smiled back, unafraid”，并结合语境可推知，作者害怕这个男孩。
6．A.habit B．form
C．effort D．hope
A 解析：根据下文中的“The boy must ______ my eyes on him, because he turned.”并结合语境可推知，当老师读小说时，作者习惯盯着那个男孩。
7．A.predicted B．imagined
C．promised D．noticed
D 解析：根据上文中的“keeping an eye on”可推知，作者当时一直盯着那个男孩，注意到了一些细节，与下文的具体描述呼应。
8．A.speech B．story
C．journey D．diary
B 解析：根据下文中的“He was a kid who liked a story.”可知，男孩被老师朗读的故事吸引了。
9．A.pointed B．nodded
C．stared D．waved
C 解析：根据上文中的“keeping an eye on”可推知，作者当时盯着那个男孩看。
10．A.struck B．mixed
C．cheated D．confused
A 解析：根据上文的“openmouthed”并结合语境可推知，作者当时很吃惊，突然意识到了什么。strike“突然想到，猛地意识到”。
11．A.behind B．beyond
C．around D．like
D 解析：根据上文中的“I was listening, fascinated by the ______ of all.”可推知，作者喜欢听故事，根据下文中的“He was a kid who liked a story.”可推知，这个男孩也喜欢听故事，作者意识到这个男孩和自己很像。
12．A.ignore B．feel
C．meet D．observe
B 解析：根据空后的“because he turned”可推知，男孩感觉到作者在盯着他，所以转过头来。
13．A.useful B．natural
C．serious D．amazing
D 解析：根据下文的“He smiled at me.”，并结合上文介绍的这个男孩经常吓唬或伤害他人可推知，男孩对作者微笑是一件令人惊奇的事。
14．A.Then B．Again
C．Instead D．Besides
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者给对方以微笑回应，由此可知前后句表示逻辑上的顺承关系。then“然后”。
15．A.strangers B．kids
C．teachers D．enemies
B 解析：根据上文中的“I was in second grade”可知，作者和那个男孩当时都还是孩子。
16．A.funny B．busy
C．lucky D．small
D 解析：根据上文的描述可知，作者陈述的只是上课时的一个短暂的时刻而已。
17．A.seek B．organize
C．recall D．trust
C 解析：根据上文的描述和语境可推知，作者现在是在回忆儿时所发生的事情。recall“回忆起”。
18．A.power B．courage
C．amusement D．ability
A 解析：根据语境可推知，此处表示那个时刻美妙地阐明了大声朗读的力量所在。power“力量”；courage“勇气”；amusement“娱乐”；ability“能力”。
19．A.cheer B．see
C．miss D．mention
B 解析：根据上文中的“We were two ______ smiling at each other.”可推知，大声朗读让朗读者和听众有机会看到彼此。
20．A.challenge B．knowledge
C．choice D．connection
D 解析：根据上文所表述的大声朗读让朗读者和听众有机会看到彼此可推知，大声朗读将朗读者和听众联系起来。
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