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2021版浙江高考英语（人教版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦必修1学案5Unit5 课后达标检测
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(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·瑞安高三模拟)A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.
Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation—for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel(红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.
When the 65yearold first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds’ nests and hatching them under incubators(孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.
A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.
Prof. Jones was awarded the $250，000 prize at a ceremony in London.
“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn’t enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.
Prof. Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.
【解题导语】 卡尔·琼斯教授曾因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责，但后来在保护动物领域被授予诺贝尔奖，因为他将偷来的蛋进行了人工繁殖，并以此方法挽救了九种濒危物种。
1．What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Return. B．Level.
C．Honor. D．Research.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“荣誉”。
2．What can we know from the figures in paragraph 4?
A．Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.
B．The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot.
C．Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.
D．It’s difficult to protect kestrel.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.”可知，当时野生毛里求斯红隼只剩4只，琼斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法来救助毛里求斯红隼，10年后，毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到300多只，如今野生红隼约有400只。由此可推知，从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋的方法效果很好。
3．Prof. Jones’ idea of taking eggs from the birds’ nests ________．
A．was proved of no use
B．was widely accepted
C．was promoted officially
D．was criticized by some people
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“dead loss”及“In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques...in the wild.”可知，琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。
B
We’re often reminded of the importance of preserving the planet as we see it for future generations—and children at St Oswald’s CE Primary School Chester certainly agree.
Nineyearold Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take note. “Sometimes they can be busy and I don’t think they think they can make a difference, but if everyone does a little bit it all adds up，” she tells HuffPost UK. “We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting them，” she says. “Fish can eat the plastic and they can die, or we might even eat the fish ourselves.”
Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9and 10yearold pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.
Mr. Timms thinks children have an important role to play in teaching us how to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children，” he says. “It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them using plastic straws.”
Mr. Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. The message that they would like to send to world is simple: stopping this isn’t someone else’s job, and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“蜂鸟班”积极响应一个环保教育项目。该班由9岁和10岁的孩子组成，他们通过写诗和制作在线视频广告以提醒成年人注意环保问题。
4．What can we infer about adults according to Isobel Kelleher?
A．They just pretend to be busy.
B．They haven’t done their part well.
C．They can do nothing to stop pollution.
D．They have started to care about the ocean.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第一句“Nineyearold Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take note.”可知，学校“蜂鸟班”里九岁的伊泽贝尔认为成年人需要注意环保问题。据此可推知，成年人在环保问题上没有做得很好，故B项正确。
5．What is the purpose of the school project?
A．To help adults to learn more about their kids.
B．To remind adults to be friendly to the environment.
C．To persuade students to stop using plastic bags.
D．To teach students how to write poems creatively.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9and 10yearold pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.”可知，整个“蜂鸟班”由9岁和10岁的学生组成，他们一直忙着写诗和制作在线视频广告，提醒成年人海洋和野生动物所处的严重处境。据此可知，该项目旨在提醒成年人要注意环保问题，故B项正确。
6．Why does Mr. Timms mention parents in paragraph 4?
A．To prove kids are creative in teaching.
B．To attract people to support his work.
C．To have adults care about education.
D．To show the effects of the project.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them using plastic straws.”可知，真的很难相信有父母说孩子们要求他们停止使用塑料，甚至要求他们停止使用塑料吸管。据此可推知，该段提及父母旨在说明该项目对成年人的影响，故D项正确。
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．An inspiring school project.
B．An appeal to stop using plastic bags.
C．Serious situations of our planet.
D．Adults’ ignorance of the environment.
A 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第三段第一句“Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“蜂鸟班”积极响应一个环保教育项目，该班由9岁和10岁的孩子组成，他们通过写诗和制作在线视频广告，提醒成年人注意环保问题。故A项正确。
【难句分析】 Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly”为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a new project, which在从句中作主语。
译文：伊泽贝尔的老师蒂姆斯先生一直在学校领导一个新项目，该项目让孩子们创造性地放松，以增强需要更加环保的意识。
Ⅱ.七选五
How to Cultivate Confidence?
When faced with a big challenge where potential failure seems to appear at every corner, maybe you’ll hear this advice: Be more confident. 1.________ Take the belief that you are precious and capable, also known as selfesteem. Confidence turns thoughts into action. It comes from the genes you are born with, the way people get used to treating you as well as the choices you make. While it isn’t possible to completely separate these three factors, the personal choices we make obviously play a major role in confidence development. As a result, by keeping certain practical tips in mind, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence.
2．________ If you’re looking for a longterm change, consider the way you think about your abilities and talents. Do you think they are fixed at birth, or that they can be developed? These beliefs matter because they can influence how you act in face of setbacks. If you have a fixed mindset, meaning that your talents are locked in the place, you might give up, assuming you’ve discovered something you’re not good at. But if you have a growth mindset, and think your abilities can improve, a challenge will become an opportunity to learn and grow. Neuroscience(神经科学) supports the latter. The connections in your brain do get stronger and grow with study and practice. 3.________
Practicing failure is a must. Failure happens. 4.________ J. K. Rowling was rejected by twelve different publishers before one picked up Harry Potter. The Wright brothers built on history’s failed attempts at flight before designing a successful airplane. Studies show that those who fail regularly and keep trying anyway are better equipped to respond to challenges in constructive ways. 5.________ So, think of a challenge you want to take on, realize it’s not going to be easy, accept that you’ll make mistakes, and be kind to yourself when you do. You’ll feel the excitement, knowing that whatever the result, you’ll have gained greater knowledge and understanding.
A．But what is confidence?
B．So can confidence be easily cultivated?
C．Everyone is possible to encounter failure.
D．Being a talented person is quite necessary.
E．They learn to try different strategies and persevere.
F．Believing in your abilities to improve is the first step.
G．It also turns out that people with a growth mindset are better at dealing with challenges.
【解题导语】 文章主要介绍了两条非常实用的培养自信心的建议：第一，相信自己的能力可以提高；第二，从失败中汲取经验教训。
1．A 解析：前一句给出要更加自信的建议，后一句是说相信自己是有价值的、有能力的，这也是自尊，故A项“但是什么是自信？”符合语境，衔接上下文。
2．F 解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句。第一段最后一句是说要记住几条实用的建议，第二段第一句话应该是第一条建议，并结合该段的内容可知，本段主要讲述要相信自己的能力可以提高，故F项“相信你的能力能提高是第一步”符合语境。
3．G 解析：根据上文中的“But if you have a growth mindset...grow with study and practice.”可知，如果你有成长的心态，认为你的能力可以提高，一项挑战将变成学习和成长的机会，你大脑里的联系就会更强并且随着学习和练习而增加。由此可知，空处应是进一步说明有成长心态的人的优势，故G项符合语境。
4．C 解析：空前一句是说失败很常见；空后两句又举例说明一些名人在成功之前遭遇的失败，故C项“每个人都有可能经历失败”符合语境，衔接上下文。
5．E 解析：空前一句是说那些经常失败但一直坚持的人会积极应对挑战，故E项“他们学着尝试不同的策略并坚持不懈”符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·宁波高三模拟)Today, Mount Qomolangma’s peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3，500 people have 1.____________(successful) climbed the mountain over the past year. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about 2.____________(wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.
In fact, the dangerous 3.____________(crowd) aren’t the only problem. All those climbers need 4.____________(bring) a lot of gear(设备), much of which ends up being left on the mountain. It is becoming the world’s 5.____________(tall) rubbish dump.
But the good news is 6.____________ some mountaineers have started to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. So far they 7.____________(collect) over 13 tons of garbage.
Some of that rubbish is even being used for 8.________ higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8848 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage. They’ve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited 9.____________ Nepal’s capital. Part of the profit from sales 10.____________(be) available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.
【解题导语】 文章主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的污染情况以及现在采取的应对污染的措施和取得的进步。
1．successfully 解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空前的have和空后的climbed构成谓语，此处应用副词来修饰，故填successfully。
2．waiting 解析：考查动名词。此处介词about之后应用动名词形式，故填waiting。
3．crowds 解析：考查名词的单复数。根据空前的形容词dangerous可知，空处应用名词形式，crowd“人群”为可数名词，且句子的谓语aren’t为复数形式，故填复数形式crowds。
4．to bring 解析：考查动词不定式。此处表示所有这些登山者都需要带着大量设备，故此处用need to do sth.“需要做某事”。
5．tallest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the world’s表述“全世界范围内的”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故填形容词最高级tallest。
6．that 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。
7．have collected 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语So far可知，此处表示截止到现在已收集的垃圾数量，所以应用现在完成时；又主语they为复数，故填have collected。
8．a 解析：考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”，表泛指，在文中第一次提到，且higher的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
9．in 解析：考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”，故填in“在(某范围或空间内的)某一点”。
10．is 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”，此处表示单数概念，故填is。
写作规范练(六)
(建议用时：45分钟)
Ⅰ.应用文写作
(2020·湖州五校模拟)假定你是校学生会主席李华。你校拟向一所在美国的姐妹学校图书馆捐赠一批中国经典文学图书，以供该校学生阅读。请你给该校负责人写一封邮件，内容如下：
1．自我介绍；
2．介绍这批书籍。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Sir/Madam，
I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union. I’m writing to tell you that our school is planning to donate some Chinese classics to your library, because during our visit to your school last month, some of your students mentioned they have strong passions for Chinese literature. ①Since we are sister schools, we intend to donate some books, whose topics vary from ancient Chinese philosophy, Tang Poetry to classical Chinese novels. I’m sure that the classic works will meet your students’ desire for Chinese literary knowledge.
②I’m hopeful that these books may promote our friendship and your students can have a better understanding of China.
Yours__faithfully，
Li__Hua
【亮点词句】 亮点词汇：intend to do sth., vary from sth. to sth.
亮点句式：I’m writing to tell you that..., because...
【一句多译】
①Since we are sister schools, we plan to donate some books with the topics varying from ancient Chinese philosophy, Tang Poetry to classical Chinese novels.
②I believe that these books may not only promote our friendship but also help your students have a better understanding of China.
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Small talk. Chitchat. These are the short conversations we have at parties, while we wait in line at the store, at family events or work. Sometimes we make small talk with people we already know but not well. Often we have to make small talk with complete strangers. Many people find such small talk about random topics difficult. Some people say they hate it. Others say small talk is a waste of time. They may even call it idle chitchat or idle chatter, meaning it doesn’t do anything. They consider small talk not important. However, small talk is important.
Small talk can open doors that may lead to larger, more meaningful conversations. When you first meet someone or talk to someone you don’t know well, it would be awkward to begin a conversation about a really deep topic such as war, politics or the meaning of life.
Small talk also gives you the chance to decide if you want to get to know that person better or not. Let’s say you make small talk with someone at a party. But they only want to talk about cats. You may not want to build a friendship with them unless you really, really love cats.
Chitchat can also increase your feeling of understanding, toward people you know but not well. Chatting with a colleague about their child may help you to understand more of their life outside the office. This could help build healthy work relationships.
Small talk could even help your larger communities—your relationships with neighbors. Exchanging recipes with a neighbor in your apartment building may make her noises upstairs easier to live with.
In 2011, most commuters(通勤者) in the city of Chicago said they would enjoy “quiet cars” where they sat alone and did not talk to anybody. Researchers at the University of Chicago then asked some participants in a study to talk to people while commuting to work on a train. They found that those who made small talk with strangers were happier than those who sat alone.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Although small talk is disliked by many people, it is actually of vital importance in our daily life. (要点1)Firstly, small talk can not only lead to meaningful conversations but also help you decide whether to further your relationship. (要点2)Besides, through small talk, you can build better relationships with your colleagues and neighbors. (要点3)What’s more, researchers also find that small talk can make people happier! (要点4)
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·瑞安高三模拟)A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.
Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation—for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel(红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.
When the 65yearold first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds’ nests and hatching them under incubators(孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.
A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.
Prof. Jones was awarded the $250，000 prize at a ceremony in London.
“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn’t enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.
Prof. Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.
【解题导语】 卡尔·琼斯教授曾因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责，但后来在保护动物领域被授予诺贝尔奖，因为他将偷来的蛋进行了人工繁殖，并以此方法挽救了九种濒危物种。
1．What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Return. B．Level.
C．Honor. D．Research.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“荣誉”。
2．What can we know from the figures in paragraph 4?
A．Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.
B．The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot.
C．Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.
D．It’s difficult to protect kestrel.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.”可知，当时野生毛里求斯红隼只剩4只，琼斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法来救助毛里求斯红隼，10年后，毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到300多只，如今野生红隼约有400只。由此可推知，从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋的方法效果很好。
3．Prof. Jones’ idea of taking eggs from the birds’ nests ________．
A．was proved of no use
B．was widely accepted
C．was promoted officially
D．was criticized by some people
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“dead loss”及“In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques...in the wild.”可知，琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。
B
We’re often reminded of the importance of preserving the planet as we see it for future generations—and children at St Oswald’s CE Primary School Chester certainly agree.
Nineyearold Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take note. “Sometimes they can be busy and I don’t think they think they can make a difference, but if everyone does a little bit it all adds up，” she tells HuffPost UK. “We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting them，” she says. “Fish can eat the plastic and they can die, or we might even eat the fish ourselves.”
Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9and 10yearold pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.
Mr. Timms thinks children have an important role to play in teaching us how to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children，” he says. “It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them using plastic straws.”
Mr. Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. The message that they would like to send to world is simple: stopping this isn’t someone else’s job, and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“蜂鸟班”积极响应一个环保教育项目。该班由9岁和10岁的孩子组成，他们通过写诗和制作在线视频广告以提醒成年人注意环保问题。
4．What can we infer about adults according to Isobel Kelleher?
A．They just pretend to be busy.
B．They haven’t done their part well.
C．They can do nothing to stop pollution.
D．They have started to care about the ocean.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第一句“Nineyearold Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take note.”可知，学校“蜂鸟班”里九岁的伊泽贝尔认为成年人需要注意环保问题。据此可推知，成年人在环保问题上没有做得很好，故B项正确。
5．What is the purpose of the school project?
A．To help adults to learn more about their kids.
B．To remind adults to be friendly to the environment.
C．To persuade students to stop using plastic bags.
D．To teach students how to write poems creatively.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9and 10yearold pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.”可知，整个“蜂鸟班”由9岁和10岁的学生组成，他们一直忙着写诗和制作在线视频广告，提醒成年人海洋和野生动物所处的严重处境。据此可知，该项目旨在提醒成年人要注意环保问题，故B项正确。
6．Why does Mr. Timms mention parents in paragraph 4?
A．To prove kids are creative in teaching.
B．To attract people to support his work.
C．To have adults care about education.
D．To show the effects of the project.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them using plastic straws.”可知，真的很难相信有父母说孩子们要求他们停止使用塑料，甚至要求他们停止使用塑料吸管。据此可推知，该段提及父母旨在说明该项目对成年人的影响，故D项正确。
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．An inspiring school project.
B．An appeal to stop using plastic bags.
C．Serious situations of our planet.
D．Adults’ ignorance of the environment.
A 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第三段第一句“Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“蜂鸟班”积极响应一个环保教育项目，该班由9岁和10岁的孩子组成，他们通过写诗和制作在线视频广告，提醒成年人注意环保问题。故A项正确。
【难句分析】 Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly”为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a new project, which在从句中作主语。
译文：伊泽贝尔的老师蒂姆斯先生一直在学校领导一个新项目，该项目让孩子们创造性地放松，以增强需要更加环保的意识。
Ⅱ.七选五
How to Cultivate Confidence?
When faced with a big challenge where potential failure seems to appear at every corner, maybe you’ll hear this advice: Be more confident. 1.________ Take the belief that you are precious and capable, also known as selfesteem. Confidence turns thoughts into action. It comes from the genes you are born with, the way people get used to treating you as well as the choices you make. While it isn’t possible to completely separate these three factors, the personal choices we make obviously play a major role in confidence development. As a result, by keeping certain practical tips in mind, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence.
2．________ If you’re looking for a longterm change, consider the way you think about your abilities and talents. Do you think they are fixed at birth, or that they can be developed? These beliefs matter because they can influence how you act in face of setbacks. If you have a fixed mindset, meaning that your talents are locked in the place, you might give up, assuming you’ve discovered something you’re not good at. But if you have a growth mindset, and think your abilities can improve, a challenge will become an opportunity to learn and grow. Neuroscience(神经科学) supports the latter. The connections in your brain do get stronger and grow with study and practice. 3.________
Practicing failure is a must. Failure happens. 4.________ J. K. Rowling was rejected by twelve different publishers before one picked up Harry Potter. The Wright brothers built on history’s failed attempts at flight before designing a successful airplane. Studies show that those who fail regularly and keep trying anyway are better equipped to respond to challenges in constructive ways. 5.________ So, think of a challenge you want to take on, realize it’s not going to be easy, accept that you’ll make mistakes, and be kind to yourself when you do. You’ll feel the excitement, knowing that whatever the result, you’ll have gained greater knowledge and understanding.
A．But what is confidence?
B．So can confidence be easily cultivated?
C．Everyone is possible to encounter failure.
D．Being a talented person is quite necessary.
E．They learn to try different strategies and persevere.
F．Believing in your abilities to improve is the first step.
G．It also turns out that people with a growth mindset are better at dealing with challenges.
【解题导语】 文章主要介绍了两条非常实用的培养自信心的建议：第一，相信自己的能力可以提高；第二，从失败中汲取经验教训。
1．A 解析：前一句给出要更加自信的建议，后一句是说相信自己是有价值的、有能力的，这也是自尊，故A项“但是什么是自信？”符合语境，衔接上下文。
2．F 解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句。第一段最后一句是说要记住几条实用的建议，第二段第一句话应该是第一条建议，并结合该段的内容可知，本段主要讲述要相信自己的能力可以提高，故F项“相信你的能力能提高是第一步”符合语境。
3．G 解析：根据上文中的“But if you have a growth mindset...grow with study and practice.”可知，如果你有成长的心态，认为你的能力可以提高，一项挑战将变成学习和成长的机会，你大脑里的联系就会更强并且随着学习和练习而增加。由此可知，空处应是进一步说明有成长心态的人的优势，故G项符合语境。
4．C 解析：空前一句是说失败很常见；空后两句又举例说明一些名人在成功之前遭遇的失败，故C项“每个人都有可能经历失败”符合语境，衔接上下文。
5．E 解析：空前一句是说那些经常失败但一直坚持的人会积极应对挑战，故E项“他们学着尝试不同的策略并坚持不懈”符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·宁波高三模拟)Today, Mount Qomolangma’s peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3，500 people have 1.____________(successful) climbed the mountain over the past year. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about 2.____________(wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.
In fact, the dangerous 3.____________(crowd) aren’t the only problem. All those climbers need 4.____________(bring) a lot of gear(设备), much of which ends up being left on the mountain. It is becoming the world’s 5.____________(tall) rubbish dump.
But the good news is 6.____________ some mountaineers have started to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. So far they 7.____________(collect) over 13 tons of garbage.
Some of that rubbish is even being used for 8.________ higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8848 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage. They’ve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited 9.____________ Nepal’s capital. Part of the profit from sales 10.____________(be) available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.
【解题导语】 文章主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的污染情况以及现在采取的应对污染的措施和取得的进步。
1．successfully 解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空前的have和空后的climbed构成谓语，此处应用副词来修饰，故填successfully。
2．waiting 解析：考查动名词。此处介词about之后应用动名词形式，故填waiting。
3．crowds 解析：考查名词的单复数。根据空前的形容词dangerous可知，空处应用名词形式，crowd“人群”为可数名词，且句子的谓语aren’t为复数形式，故填复数形式crowds。
4．to bring 解析：考查动词不定式。此处表示所有这些登山者都需要带着大量设备，故此处用need to do sth.“需要做某事”。
5．tallest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the world’s表述“全世界范围内的”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故填形容词最高级tallest。
6．that 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。
7．have collected 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语So far可知，此处表示截止到现在已收集的垃圾数量，所以应用现在完成时；又主语they为复数，故填have collected。
8．a 解析：考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”，表泛指，在文中第一次提到，且higher的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
9．in 解析：考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”，故填in“在(某范围或空间内的)某一点”。
10．is 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”，此处表示单数概念，故填is。
写作规范练(六)
(建议用时：45分钟)
Ⅰ.应用文写作
(2020·湖州五校模拟)假定你是校学生会主席李华。你校拟向一所在美国的姐妹学校图书馆捐赠一批中国经典文学图书，以供该校学生阅读。请你给该校负责人写一封邮件，内容如下：
1．自我介绍；
2．介绍这批书籍。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Sir/Madam，
I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union. I’m writing to tell you that our school is planning to donate some Chinese classics to your library, because during our visit to your school last month, some of your students mentioned they have strong passions for Chinese literature. ①Since we are sister schools, we intend to donate some books, whose topics vary from ancient Chinese philosophy, Tang Poetry to classical Chinese novels. I’m sure that the classic works will meet your students’ desire for Chinese literary knowledge.
②I’m hopeful that these books may promote our friendship and your students can have a better understanding of China.
Yours__faithfully，
Li__Hua
【亮点词句】 亮点词汇：intend to do sth., vary from sth. to sth.
亮点句式：I’m writing to tell you that..., because...
【一句多译】
①Since we are sister schools, we plan to donate some books with the topics varying from ancient Chinese philosophy, Tang Poetry to classical Chinese novels.
②I believe that these books may not only promote our friendship but also help your students have a better understanding of China.
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Small talk. Chitchat. These are the short conversations we have at parties, while we wait in line at the store, at family events or work. Sometimes we make small talk with people we already know but not well. Often we have to make small talk with complete strangers. Many people find such small talk about random topics difficult. Some people say they hate it. Others say small talk is a waste of time. They may even call it idle chitchat or idle chatter, meaning it doesn’t do anything. They consider small talk not important. However, small talk is important.
Small talk can open doors that may lead to larger, more meaningful conversations. When you first meet someone or talk to someone you don’t know well, it would be awkward to begin a conversation about a really deep topic such as war, politics or the meaning of life.
Small talk also gives you the chance to decide if you want to get to know that person better or not. Let’s say you make small talk with someone at a party. But they only want to talk about cats. You may not want to build a friendship with them unless you really, really love cats.
Chitchat can also increase your feeling of understanding, toward people you know but not well. Chatting with a colleague about their child may help you to understand more of their life outside the office. This could help build healthy work relationships.
Small talk could even help your larger communities—your relationships with neighbors. Exchanging recipes with a neighbor in your apartment building may make her noises upstairs easier to live with.
In 2011, most commuters(通勤者) in the city of Chicago said they would enjoy “quiet cars” where they sat alone and did not talk to anybody. Researchers at the University of Chicago then asked some participants in a study to talk to people while commuting to work on a train. They found that those who made small talk with strangers were happier than those who sat alone.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Although small talk is disliked by many people, it is actually of vital importance in our daily life. (要点1)Firstly, small talk can not only lead to meaningful conversations but also help you decide whether to further your relationship. (要点2)Besides, through small talk, you can build better relationships with your colleagues and neighbors. (要点3)What’s more, researchers also find that small talk can make people happier! (要点4)
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