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2021高三统考人教英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一部分Book6Unit4Globalwarming
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Unit 4 Global warming
基础自主检测
阅读识记
Ⅰ.英译汉
1.random adj. 胡乱的；任意的
2.subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅
vt. 签署(文件)；捐助
3.data n. 资料；数据
4.tendency n. 倾向；趋势
5.casual adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
6.motor n. 发动机
7.microwave n. 微波炉；微波
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.graph n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图
2.fuel n. 燃料
3.flood n. 洪水；水灾
4.outer adj. 外部的；外面的
5.advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
6.can n. 容器；罐头
7.nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的
高频应用
1.quantity n. 量；数量 2.trend n. 趋势；倾向；走向
3.range n. 种类；范围 4.glance vi. 看一下；扫视 n. 一瞥
5.widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的
6.average adj. 平均的 7.circumstance n. 环境；情况
8.refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作 9.presentation n. 显示；演出
拓展变形
1.consume (vt.) 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer (n.) 消费者→consumption (n.) 消费；消耗量
2.phenomenon (n.) 现象→phenomena (pl.) 现象
3.tend (vi.) 趋向；易于；照顾 (vt.) 照顾；护理→tendency (n.) 倾向；趋势
4.oppose (vt.) 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed (adj.) 反对的；对立的
5.mild (adj.) 温和的；温柔的；淡的→mildly (adv.) 温柔地；温和地
6.consequence (n.) 结果；后果；影响→consequent (adj.) 随后发生的；作为结果的→consequently (adv.) 因此；所以
7.state (vt.) 陈述；说明→statement (n.) 说明；陈述；声明
8.steady (adj.) 平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily (adv.) 平稳地；持续地
9.existence (n.) 生存；存在→exist (vi.) 存在
10.commitment (n.) 承诺；交托；信奉→commit (v.) 承诺；保证
11.pollution (n.) 污染；弄脏→pollute (vt.) 弄脏；污染
12.growth (n.) 增长；生长→grow (v.) 生长；增长；渐渐变得
13.electrical (adj.) 电的；与电有关的→electricity (n.) 电；电能
14.educator (n.) 教育工作者；教育家→educate (vt.) 教育→education (n.) 教育
15.contribution (n.) 贡献→contribute (v.) 贡献；投稿
16.disagreement (n.) 分歧；不一致→disagree (vi.) 不同意；意见不合
1.特别“不规则”的名词复数
①datum→data 数据
②medium→media 媒体
③bacterium→bacteria 细菌
④criterion→criteria 标准
⑤phenomenon→phenomena 现象
⑥crisis→crises 危机
2.与“灾难”有关的名词
①flood 洪灾
②drought 旱灾
③disaster 灾难
④catastrophe 大灾难
⑤earthquake 地震
⑥tsunami 海啸
3.后缀ation必备名词
①presentation 显示，演出
②reformation 改革，革新
③invitation 邀请
④modernization 现代化
⑤organization 组织
⑥preparation 准备
一 动词＋介/副词
1.come about 发生；造成
2.subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购
3.go up 上升；增长；升起
4.result in 导致
5.keep on 继续
6.put up with 忍受；容忍
二 be＋形容词＋介词
7.be opposed to 反对
三 介词＋宾语
8.on the whole大体上；基本上
9.on behalf of ... 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
四 其他
10.quantities of 大量的
11.even if/though 即使
12.so long as 只要
13.and so on 等等
1.“动词＋up with”短语集锦
①put up with 忍受；容忍
②keep up with 跟上
③catch up with 跟上
④end up with 以……结束
2.“be＋ed分词＋to”短语面面观
①be opposed to 反对
②be addicted to 沉溺于
③be attached to 附属于
④be devoted to 献身于……
⑤be accustomed to 习惯于
⑥be sentenced to 被判处
_________________________________________________________________
1.连词＋分词(when compared to/with)
That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when_compared_to (当与……相比的时候) other natural changes.(教材P26)
2.There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问……”
There_is_no_doubt_that (毫无疑问) the earth is becoming warmer ... (教材P26)
3.even if引导让步状语从句
Even_if (即使) we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(教材P27)
4.as/so long as引导条件状语从句；if not省略句
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as (只要) you are using it—if_not (如果不), turn it off！(教材P30)
单句语法填空
1.It is human activity that has caused this global warming rather ________ a random but natural phenomenon.
答案：than
2.All scientists subscribe to the view ________ the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
答案：that
3.It means that more heat energy tends to ________ (trap) in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
答案：be trapped
4.It is the burning of more and more fossil fuels ________ has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
答案：that
5.Greenhouse gases continue to build ________ in the atmosphere.
答案：up
6.I am doing a project on behalf ________ my school about global warming.
答案：of
7.Together, individuals can make a difference. We do not have to put up ________ pollution.
答案：with
8.It takes a lot of energy ________ (make) things from new materials.
答案：to make
9.Get your parents ________ (buy) things that are economical with energy.
答案：to buy
10.Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them ________ you have learned.
答案：what
考点步步冲关
1 quantity n．量；数量
The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.(P26)
当我们在空气中增加大量额外的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。a (large/small) quantity of 大量/少量的
(large) quantities of 大量的；许多的
in quantity 大量地
[名师点津] a quantity of与quantities of这两个短语后均可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，其谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数形式。
即时练1
单句语法填空
①A large quantity of money ________ (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.
②In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which ________ (be) a major source of air pollution.
③________ (quantity) of food and tents were sent to earthquakestricken areas from Shandong.
④It's cheaper to buy goods ________ quantity.
答案：①has been collected ②are ③Quantities ④in
2 oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.(P27)
在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。
(1)oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
(2)opposed adj. 反对的；对立的
be opposed to 反对……
(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对立的
be opposite to 与……相反
on the opposite side of 在……对面
(4)opposite prep. 在……对面
A is opposite B. A在B对面。
[名师点津] (1)oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，动词要用动名词形式。be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后也要用动词的ing形式。
(2)表示反对的其他表达：disagree with, object to, be against等。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Much to our amazement, they came to conclusions completely ________ (oppose) to ours.
②Many old men are opposed to ________ (cut) down the 100yearold tree for rebuilding the shopping centre.
③We live further down ________ the opposite side of the road.
答案：①opposite ②cutting ③on
单句写作——词汇升级
④高中生们坚决反对受到别人的不公正对待。
a．普通表达：
The senior students ______________________ being treated unfairly by others.
b．高级表达：
The senior students strongly ____________ being treated unfairly by others.
c．高级表达：
The senior students ______________________ being treated unfairly by others.
答案：a.are strongly against b．oppose/object to c．are strongly opposed to
3 average adj.平均的；普通的
n．平均；平均数
vt.& vi.算出……的平均数；平均为
The greenhouse effect gives the earth's surface the average temperature of 15 ℃.(P29)
温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15 ℃。on average 平均地；通常
above/below average 在一般水平以上/以下
即时练3
单句语法填空
①Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ ________ the average.
②________ average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
答案：①above ②On
单句写作——句式升级
③这辆汽车以平均每小时50千米的速度在行驶。
a．普通表达：
The car is running ____________________ 50 kilometres an hour.(at a speed of)
b．高级表达：
The car is running, ______________________ 50 kilometres an hour.(定语从句)
答案：a.at an average speed of b．whose speed averages
4 advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
However, I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.(P30)
然而我仍认为人们应该支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。
advocate sth. 主张/提倡……
advocate doing sth. 主张/提倡做某事
advocate that ... 主张，倡导(从句要用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)
即时练4
单句语法填空
①We advocate ________ (solve) international disputes by negotiations, instead of appealing to arms.
②Mr Williams is a dietary expert, ________ (advocate) more exercise and a good diet be the key to a healthy life.
③Animal activists advocate that the government ________ (set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.
答案：①solving ②advocating ③(should) set
1
come about 发生；造成
教材
原句
So how has this come about and does it matter？(P26)
那么，这种温度的上升是怎么产生的呢？它要紧吗？
How did it come about that ...? ……是怎样发生的？
come across偶遇
come into being 形成；产生；出现
come into power 上台执政；当权
come into effect 生效
come out 出版；结果是；发芽
come up 被提及；长出地面；发生
come up with 提出；想出
when it comes to ... 当谈到……时
come on 跟着来；跟上来；〈口〉得啦；快点；进展
come to 总计；达到；归纳为
[名师点津] come about, happen, take place和break out这四个表示“发生”的词语，都是不及物动词(短语)，不可用于被动语态。
即时练1
用come相关短语的适当形式填空
①When the exam results ________________， Jack left as usual.
②The subject ________________ during a predinner drink with our guests.
③I never remember having ________________ a man like that.
④Tony ________________ a new idea for increasing sales.
答案：①came out ②came up ③come across ④came up with
单句写作
⑤我真不明白这么短的路程你怎么会迟到一个小时。
I'll never understand ____________________ you were an hour late on such a short journey.
⑥当谈及帮妻子做家务活这件事的时候，他从来不抱怨。
He never complains ____________________ his wife with the housework.
答案：⑤how it came about that ⑥when it comes to helping
2
result in导致
教材
原句
They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.(P26)
他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
result from 由……造成
as a result 结果
as a result of 由于；作为……的结果
without result 没有结果；白费
即时练2
用result相关短语的适当形式填空
①It's said that his lameness ________________ an accident.
②The boom in building has ________________ the local land being more valuable now for houses.
③All singers are united. ________________， their performance was successful.
④________________ your carelessness, the whole project should be put off at least one month.
答案：①resulted from ②resulted in ③As a result ④As a result of
3
put up with 容忍；忍受
教材
原句
We do not have to put up with pollution.(P30)
我们没有必要忍受污染。
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存
put away 收起来
put down 写下；记下
put forward 提出建议；把……拨快
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；扑灭；伸出
put on 穿上；上演
put up 举起；建造；张贴；提供；投宿
[名师点津] 表示“容忍；忍受”的词语还有：stand, tolerate, bear等。
即时练3
用put相关短语的适当形式填空
①He decided that he would drive back to town instead of ________________ for the night at the hotel.
②Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can ________________ almost every word her teacher says.
③I'm not going to ________________ their smoking any longer.
④A suggestion has been ________________ that we should recycle the textbooks.
⑤We are trying to ________________ some money every month for our vacation.
答案：①putting up ②put down ③put up with
④put forward ⑤put aside
1
Even_if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(P27)
翻译
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。
even if＝even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；纵使”。
让步状语从句还可用以下连接词引导：
(1)用while引导让步状语从句需置于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。
(2)用whether ... or ... 引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论……还是……”。
(3)用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever等引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论什么/谁/怎样/何时/哪里……”。
(4)用as/though/although引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然；尽管”。用as引导时，从句必须倒装；用though时，从句可倒装也可不倒装；用although时，从句不倒装。
即时练1
单句语法填空
①Hard ________ they tried, they couldn't make her change her mind.
②Whether in the home ________ in the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.
③Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even ________ they knew it to be valuable.
④________ you are, you have to obey the orders and there is no exception.
答案：①as/though ②or ③if/though ④Whoever
2
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it—if not, turn it off！(P30)
翻译
只要你在使用电器设备你可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！
as/so long as 引导条件状语从句，相当于on condition that, provided that或if(只要，如果)。此外，as long as 还可表示“与……一样长”。
(1)as far as 到达某个提及的地方，在……范围内，就……而言。
(2)as many as “多达……”“达到……之多”，与可数名词复数连用。
(3)as much as “多达……”“达到……之多”，与不可数名词连用。
(4)as soon as “一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。
(5)as well as 也，还；除……之外还。
(6)as good as 和……一样好；几乎，差不多。
即时练2
用as ... as相关短语的适当形式填空
①These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—________________ most light can't reach.
②Electric energy can be changed into light energy ________________ into sound energy.
③She trained hard for the race, sometimes running ________________ 60 miles a week.
④You can borrow my car ________________ you promise not to drive too fast.
⑤________________ I am concerned, I am strongly against the plan.
⑥A distant relative is not ________________ a near neighbour.
答案：①as far as ②as well as ③as many as ④as long as ⑤As far as ⑥as good as
it的用法(Ⅱ)
It用于强调句型中
1．It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他，这个句型可以强调主语、宾语、介词短语及状语
①I met Tom in the park yesterday.
→It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.
我昨天在公园遇到了汤姆。
2．强调句的特殊疑问句句型为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that/who＋陈述句
②What did you want to find yesterday?
→What was it that you wanted to find yesterday?
昨天你想找到的东西是什么？
3．强调句与名词性从句的结合
③I want to know what you wanted to find yesterday.
→I want to know what it was that you wanted to find yesterday.
我想知道你昨天想找到什么。
4．It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that ...
④I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一个著名的影星。
It常用的固定搭配
1．make it
口语中表示“成功做到；及时到达；渡过难关；约定时间”等。
⑤No matter how hard it is, I will make it one day.
无论多么艰难，终有一天我会成功。
2．Take it easy.
口语中相当于“Don't worry.”或“Don't hurry.”，用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌；沉住气；别担心”。
⑥Take it easy! He will do it well!
别担心！他会做好的。
3．It all depends./That all depends.
口语中相当于“It hasn't been decided yet.”表示“那得看情况，还未定下来。”
⑦—Are you going to the countryside for a holiday?
—It all depends.
——你要去乡村度假吗？
——视情况而定。
4．It's up to sb.
口语中，相当于“It's decided by sb.”表示“由……决定/由……负责/取决于……”。
⑧—Shall we go out for dinner?
—It's up to you.
——我们要出去吃饭吗？
——由你决定。
即时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．________ wasn't until two days ago that Dad allowed me to drive on the motorway.
答案：It
2．________ is up to you to decide whether we should go or not.
答案：It
3．I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made ________ at last.
答案：it
4．________ it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
答案：Was
5．He was so busy yesterday that it was not until late at night ________ he finished his work.
答案：that
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century when his musical gift was fully recognized.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：when→that
2．It was with the help of the local guide who the mountain climber was rescued.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：who→that
3．I don't know why was it that I hated him so much.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：was it→it was
4．It is Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, wasn't it?
_________________________________________________________________
答案：is→was
5．It was last spring when they worked together they began to become good friends.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：together后加that
基础达标演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．On the other hand, the cost of everything from housing to education has risen ________ (steady) in recent decades.
答案：steadily
2．The authorities no longer subscribe ________ the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.
答案：to
3．I'm not opposed to ________ (upload) a hundred pictures at a time of my recent travels into albums on Facebook.
答案：uploading
4．Quantities of money ________ (spend) in bringing up the children since they were married.
答案：have been spent
5．The water recreation centre provides a variety of activities, ________ (range) from swimming to diving.
答案：ranging
6．Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students ________ (refresh) and relaxed for a while.
答案：refreshed
7．Population aging is one of the world's population development ________ (tend)．
答案：tendencies
8．He had been ill for a long time and ________ (consequence) he was behind in his work.
答案：consequently
9．We should do our work well to make ________ (contribute) to our future, our society and our nation.
答案：contributions
10．Some experts think that pollution poses a threat to the continued ________ (exist) of this species.
答案：existence
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Under the circumstance he felt unable to accept the job.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：circumstance→circumstances
2．On the average, American kids aged from 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉the
3．Though he works hard, his marks are still over average.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：over→below
4．On whole, he was generous and honest, but sometimes he was mean.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：On后加the
5．I want to express the very deep appreciation in behalf of all of us, for this warm welcome that you have given us.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：in→on
Ⅲ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．随着工业的发展，产生了越来越多的温室气体，地球在逐渐变暖。(greenhouse gases)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：With the development of industry, more and more greenhouse gases are produced and the earth is becoming warmer.
2．结果，海平面在上升，致使许多沿海城市和动物的栖息地处于危险中。(habitat)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：As a consequence, the sea level is rising, which puts many coastal cities and animal habitats in danger.
3．全球变暖已经对人类和动物构成严峻的挑战，因此，到了我们采取措施应对这一挑战的时候了。(it is high time)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：Global warming has become a serious challenge to mankind and animals, so it is high time that we took/should take measures to deal with it.
4．只有我们停止这种粗暴对待环境的方式，我们才能和环境和谐相处。(roughly)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：Only by stopping treating the environment roughly can we live in harmony with it.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范
答案：With the development of industry, more and more greenhouse gases are produced and the earth is becoming warmer. As a consequence, the sea level is rising, which puts many coastal cities and animal habitats in danger. Global warming has become a serious challenge to mankind and animals, so it is high time that we took/should take measures to deal with it. Only by stopping treating the environment roughly can we live in harmony with it.
Unit 4 Global warming
基础自主检测
阅读识记
Ⅰ.英译汉
1.random adj. 胡乱的；任意的
2.subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅
vt. 签署(文件)；捐助
3.data n. 资料；数据
4.tendency n. 倾向；趋势
5.casual adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
6.motor n. 发动机
7.microwave n. 微波炉；微波
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.graph n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图
2.fuel n. 燃料
3.flood n. 洪水；水灾
4.outer adj. 外部的；外面的
5.advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
6.can n. 容器；罐头
7.nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的
高频应用
1.quantity n. 量；数量 2.trend n. 趋势；倾向；走向
3.range n. 种类；范围 4.glance vi. 看一下；扫视 n. 一瞥
5.widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的
6.average adj. 平均的 7.circumstance n. 环境；情况
8.refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作 9.presentation n. 显示；演出
拓展变形
1.consume (vt.) 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer (n.) 消费者→consumption (n.) 消费；消耗量
2.phenomenon (n.) 现象→phenomena (pl.) 现象
3.tend (vi.) 趋向；易于；照顾 (vt.) 照顾；护理→tendency (n.) 倾向；趋势
4.oppose (vt.) 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed (adj.) 反对的；对立的
5.mild (adj.) 温和的；温柔的；淡的→mildly (adv.) 温柔地；温和地
6.consequence (n.) 结果；后果；影响→consequent (adj.) 随后发生的；作为结果的→consequently (adv.) 因此；所以
7.state (vt.) 陈述；说明→statement (n.) 说明；陈述；声明
8.steady (adj.) 平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily (adv.) 平稳地；持续地
9.existence (n.) 生存；存在→exist (vi.) 存在
10.commitment (n.) 承诺；交托；信奉→commit (v.) 承诺；保证
11.pollution (n.) 污染；弄脏→pollute (vt.) 弄脏；污染
12.growth (n.) 增长；生长→grow (v.) 生长；增长；渐渐变得
13.electrical (adj.) 电的；与电有关的→electricity (n.) 电；电能
14.educator (n.) 教育工作者；教育家→educate (vt.) 教育→education (n.) 教育
15.contribution (n.) 贡献→contribute (v.) 贡献；投稿
16.disagreement (n.) 分歧；不一致→disagree (vi.) 不同意；意见不合
1.特别“不规则”的名词复数
①datum→data 数据
②medium→media 媒体
③bacterium→bacteria 细菌
④criterion→criteria 标准
⑤phenomenon→phenomena 现象
⑥crisis→crises 危机
2.与“灾难”有关的名词
①flood 洪灾
②drought 旱灾
③disaster 灾难
④catastrophe 大灾难
⑤earthquake 地震
⑥tsunami 海啸
3.后缀ation必备名词
①presentation 显示，演出
②reformation 改革，革新
③invitation 邀请
④modernization 现代化
⑤organization 组织
⑥preparation 准备
一 动词＋介/副词
1.come about 发生；造成
2.subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购
3.go up 上升；增长；升起
4.result in 导致
5.keep on 继续
6.put up with 忍受；容忍
二 be＋形容词＋介词
7.be opposed to 反对
三 介词＋宾语
8.on the whole大体上；基本上
9.on behalf of ... 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
四 其他
10.quantities of 大量的
11.even if/though 即使
12.so long as 只要
13.and so on 等等
1.“动词＋up with”短语集锦
①put up with 忍受；容忍
②keep up with 跟上
③catch up with 跟上
④end up with 以……结束
2.“be＋ed分词＋to”短语面面观
①be opposed to 反对
②be addicted to 沉溺于
③be attached to 附属于
④be devoted to 献身于……
⑤be accustomed to 习惯于
⑥be sentenced to 被判处
_________________________________________________________________
1.连词＋分词(when compared to/with)
That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when_compared_to (当与……相比的时候) other natural changes.(教材P26)
2.There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问……”
There_is_no_doubt_that (毫无疑问) the earth is becoming warmer ... (教材P26)
3.even if引导让步状语从句
Even_if (即使) we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(教材P27)
4.as/so long as引导条件状语从句；if not省略句
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as (只要) you are using it—if_not (如果不), turn it off！(教材P30)
单句语法填空
1.It is human activity that has caused this global warming rather ________ a random but natural phenomenon.
答案：than
2.All scientists subscribe to the view ________ the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
答案：that
3.It means that more heat energy tends to ________ (trap) in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
答案：be trapped
4.It is the burning of more and more fossil fuels ________ has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
答案：that
5.Greenhouse gases continue to build ________ in the atmosphere.
答案：up
6.I am doing a project on behalf ________ my school about global warming.
答案：of
7.Together, individuals can make a difference. We do not have to put up ________ pollution.
答案：with
8.It takes a lot of energy ________ (make) things from new materials.
答案：to make
9.Get your parents ________ (buy) things that are economical with energy.
答案：to buy
10.Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them ________ you have learned.
答案：what
考点步步冲关
1 quantity n．量；数量
The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.(P26)
当我们在空气中增加大量额外的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。a (large/small) quantity of 大量/少量的
(large) quantities of 大量的；许多的
in quantity 大量地
[名师点津] a quantity of与quantities of这两个短语后均可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，其谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数形式。
即时练1
单句语法填空
①A large quantity of money ________ (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.
②In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which ________ (be) a major source of air pollution.
③________ (quantity) of food and tents were sent to earthquakestricken areas from Shandong.
④It's cheaper to buy goods ________ quantity.
答案：①has been collected ②are ③Quantities ④in
2 oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.(P27)
在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。
(1)oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
(2)opposed adj. 反对的；对立的
be opposed to 反对……
(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对立的
be opposite to 与……相反
on the opposite side of 在……对面
(4)opposite prep. 在……对面
A is opposite B. A在B对面。
[名师点津] (1)oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，动词要用动名词形式。be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后也要用动词的ing形式。
(2)表示反对的其他表达：disagree with, object to, be against等。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Much to our amazement, they came to conclusions completely ________ (oppose) to ours.
②Many old men are opposed to ________ (cut) down the 100yearold tree for rebuilding the shopping centre.
③We live further down ________ the opposite side of the road.
答案：①opposite ②cutting ③on
单句写作——词汇升级
④高中生们坚决反对受到别人的不公正对待。
a．普通表达：
The senior students ______________________ being treated unfairly by others.
b．高级表达：
The senior students strongly ____________ being treated unfairly by others.
c．高级表达：
The senior students ______________________ being treated unfairly by others.
答案：a.are strongly against b．oppose/object to c．are strongly opposed to
3 average adj.平均的；普通的
n．平均；平均数
vt.& vi.算出……的平均数；平均为
The greenhouse effect gives the earth's surface the average temperature of 15 ℃.(P29)
温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15 ℃。on average 平均地；通常
above/below average 在一般水平以上/以下
即时练3
单句语法填空
①Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ ________ the average.
②________ average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
答案：①above ②On
单句写作——句式升级
③这辆汽车以平均每小时50千米的速度在行驶。
a．普通表达：
The car is running ____________________ 50 kilometres an hour.(at a speed of)
b．高级表达：
The car is running, ______________________ 50 kilometres an hour.(定语从句)
答案：a.at an average speed of b．whose speed averages
4 advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
However, I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.(P30)
然而我仍认为人们应该支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。
advocate sth. 主张/提倡……
advocate doing sth. 主张/提倡做某事
advocate that ... 主张，倡导(从句要用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)
即时练4
单句语法填空
①We advocate ________ (solve) international disputes by negotiations, instead of appealing to arms.
②Mr Williams is a dietary expert, ________ (advocate) more exercise and a good diet be the key to a healthy life.
③Animal activists advocate that the government ________ (set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.
答案：①solving ②advocating ③(should) set
1
come about 发生；造成
教材
原句
So how has this come about and does it matter？(P26)
那么，这种温度的上升是怎么产生的呢？它要紧吗？
How did it come about that ...? ……是怎样发生的？
come across偶遇
come into being 形成；产生；出现
come into power 上台执政；当权
come into effect 生效
come out 出版；结果是；发芽
come up 被提及；长出地面；发生
come up with 提出；想出
when it comes to ... 当谈到……时
come on 跟着来；跟上来；〈口〉得啦；快点；进展
come to 总计；达到；归纳为
[名师点津] come about, happen, take place和break out这四个表示“发生”的词语，都是不及物动词(短语)，不可用于被动语态。
即时练1
用come相关短语的适当形式填空
①When the exam results ________________， Jack left as usual.
②The subject ________________ during a predinner drink with our guests.
③I never remember having ________________ a man like that.
④Tony ________________ a new idea for increasing sales.
答案：①came out ②came up ③come across ④came up with
单句写作
⑤我真不明白这么短的路程你怎么会迟到一个小时。
I'll never understand ____________________ you were an hour late on such a short journey.
⑥当谈及帮妻子做家务活这件事的时候，他从来不抱怨。
He never complains ____________________ his wife with the housework.
答案：⑤how it came about that ⑥when it comes to helping
2
result in导致
教材
原句
They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.(P26)
他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
result from 由……造成
as a result 结果
as a result of 由于；作为……的结果
without result 没有结果；白费
即时练2
用result相关短语的适当形式填空
①It's said that his lameness ________________ an accident.
②The boom in building has ________________ the local land being more valuable now for houses.
③All singers are united. ________________， their performance was successful.
④________________ your carelessness, the whole project should be put off at least one month.
答案：①resulted from ②resulted in ③As a result ④As a result of
3
put up with 容忍；忍受
教材
原句
We do not have to put up with pollution.(P30)
我们没有必要忍受污染。
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存
put away 收起来
put down 写下；记下
put forward 提出建议；把……拨快
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；扑灭；伸出
put on 穿上；上演
put up 举起；建造；张贴；提供；投宿
[名师点津] 表示“容忍；忍受”的词语还有：stand, tolerate, bear等。
即时练3
用put相关短语的适当形式填空
①He decided that he would drive back to town instead of ________________ for the night at the hotel.
②Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can ________________ almost every word her teacher says.
③I'm not going to ________________ their smoking any longer.
④A suggestion has been ________________ that we should recycle the textbooks.
⑤We are trying to ________________ some money every month for our vacation.
答案：①putting up ②put down ③put up with
④put forward ⑤put aside
1
Even_if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(P27)
翻译
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。
even if＝even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；纵使”。
让步状语从句还可用以下连接词引导：
(1)用while引导让步状语从句需置于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。
(2)用whether ... or ... 引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论……还是……”。
(3)用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever等引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论什么/谁/怎样/何时/哪里……”。
(4)用as/though/although引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然；尽管”。用as引导时，从句必须倒装；用though时，从句可倒装也可不倒装；用although时，从句不倒装。
即时练1
单句语法填空
①Hard ________ they tried, they couldn't make her change her mind.
②Whether in the home ________ in the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.
③Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even ________ they knew it to be valuable.
④________ you are, you have to obey the orders and there is no exception.
答案：①as/though ②or ③if/though ④Whoever
2
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it—if not, turn it off！(P30)
翻译
只要你在使用电器设备你可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！
as/so long as 引导条件状语从句，相当于on condition that, provided that或if(只要，如果)。此外，as long as 还可表示“与……一样长”。
(1)as far as 到达某个提及的地方，在……范围内，就……而言。
(2)as many as “多达……”“达到……之多”，与可数名词复数连用。
(3)as much as “多达……”“达到……之多”，与不可数名词连用。
(4)as soon as “一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。
(5)as well as 也，还；除……之外还。
(6)as good as 和……一样好；几乎，差不多。
即时练2
用as ... as相关短语的适当形式填空
①These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—________________ most light can't reach.
②Electric energy can be changed into light energy ________________ into sound energy.
③She trained hard for the race, sometimes running ________________ 60 miles a week.
④You can borrow my car ________________ you promise not to drive too fast.
⑤________________ I am concerned, I am strongly against the plan.
⑥A distant relative is not ________________ a near neighbour.
答案：①as far as ②as well as ③as many as ④as long as ⑤As far as ⑥as good as
it的用法(Ⅱ)
It用于强调句型中
1．It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他，这个句型可以强调主语、宾语、介词短语及状语
①I met Tom in the park yesterday.
→It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.
我昨天在公园遇到了汤姆。
2．强调句的特殊疑问句句型为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that/who＋陈述句
②What did you want to find yesterday?
→What was it that you wanted to find yesterday?
昨天你想找到的东西是什么？
3．强调句与名词性从句的结合
③I want to know what you wanted to find yesterday.
→I want to know what it was that you wanted to find yesterday.
我想知道你昨天想找到什么。
4．It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that ...
④I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一个著名的影星。
It常用的固定搭配
1．make it
口语中表示“成功做到；及时到达；渡过难关；约定时间”等。
⑤No matter how hard it is, I will make it one day.
无论多么艰难，终有一天我会成功。
2．Take it easy.
口语中相当于“Don't worry.”或“Don't hurry.”，用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌；沉住气；别担心”。
⑥Take it easy! He will do it well!
别担心！他会做好的。
3．It all depends./That all depends.
口语中相当于“It hasn't been decided yet.”表示“那得看情况，还未定下来。”
⑦—Are you going to the countryside for a holiday?
—It all depends.
——你要去乡村度假吗？
——视情况而定。
4．It's up to sb.
口语中，相当于“It's decided by sb.”表示“由……决定/由……负责/取决于……”。
⑧—Shall we go out for dinner?
—It's up to you.
——我们要出去吃饭吗？
——由你决定。
即时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．________ wasn't until two days ago that Dad allowed me to drive on the motorway.
答案：It
2．________ is up to you to decide whether we should go or not.
答案：It
3．I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made ________ at last.
答案：it
4．________ it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
答案：Was
5．He was so busy yesterday that it was not until late at night ________ he finished his work.
答案：that
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century when his musical gift was fully recognized.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：when→that
2．It was with the help of the local guide who the mountain climber was rescued.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：who→that
3．I don't know why was it that I hated him so much.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：was it→it was
4．It is Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, wasn't it?
_________________________________________________________________
答案：is→was
5．It was last spring when they worked together they began to become good friends.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：together后加that
基础达标演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．On the other hand, the cost of everything from housing to education has risen ________ (steady) in recent decades.
答案：steadily
2．The authorities no longer subscribe ________ the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.
答案：to
3．I'm not opposed to ________ (upload) a hundred pictures at a time of my recent travels into albums on Facebook.
答案：uploading
4．Quantities of money ________ (spend) in bringing up the children since they were married.
答案：have been spent
5．The water recreation centre provides a variety of activities, ________ (range) from swimming to diving.
答案：ranging
6．Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students ________ (refresh) and relaxed for a while.
答案：refreshed
7．Population aging is one of the world's population development ________ (tend)．
答案：tendencies
8．He had been ill for a long time and ________ (consequence) he was behind in his work.
答案：consequently
9．We should do our work well to make ________ (contribute) to our future, our society and our nation.
答案：contributions
10．Some experts think that pollution poses a threat to the continued ________ (exist) of this species.
答案：existence
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Under the circumstance he felt unable to accept the job.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：circumstance→circumstances
2．On the average, American kids aged from 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉the
3．Though he works hard, his marks are still over average.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：over→below
4．On whole, he was generous and honest, but sometimes he was mean.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：On后加the
5．I want to express the very deep appreciation in behalf of all of us, for this warm welcome that you have given us.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：in→on
Ⅲ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．随着工业的发展，产生了越来越多的温室气体，地球在逐渐变暖。(greenhouse gases)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：With the development of industry, more and more greenhouse gases are produced and the earth is becoming warmer.
2．结果，海平面在上升，致使许多沿海城市和动物的栖息地处于危险中。(habitat)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：As a consequence, the sea level is rising, which puts many coastal cities and animal habitats in danger.
3．全球变暖已经对人类和动物构成严峻的挑战，因此，到了我们采取措施应对这一挑战的时候了。(it is high time)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：Global warming has become a serious challenge to mankind and animals, so it is high time that we took/should take measures to deal with it.
4．只有我们停止这种粗暴对待环境的方式，我们才能和环境和谐相处。(roughly)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：Only by stopping treating the environment roughly can we live in harmony with it.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范
答案：With the development of industry, more and more greenhouse gases are produced and the earth is becoming warmer. As a consequence, the sea level is rising, which puts many coastal cities and animal habitats in danger. Global warming has become a serious challenge to mankind and animals, so it is high time that we took/should take measures to deal with it. Only by stopping treating the environment roughly can we live in harmony with it.
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