2021高三统考人教英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一部分Book5Unit2TheUnitedKingdom


Unit 2 The United Kingdom

基础自主检测

阅读识记
Ⅰ.英译汉
1.currency n. 货币；通货
2.institution n. 制度；机制；公共机构
3.nationwide adj. 全国性的；全国范围的
4.administration n. 管理；行政部门
5.enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的
6.statue n. 塑像；雕像
7.communism n. 共产主义
8.error n. 错误；过失；谬误
9.consistent adj. 一致的；始终如一的
1.province n. 省；行政区
2.union n. 联合；联盟；结合；协会
3.architecture n. 建筑学；建筑艺术
4.countryside n. 乡下；农村
5.wedding n. 婚礼
6.royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的
7.uniform n. 制服
8.pot n. 罐；壶
9.tense n. 时态
高频应用
1.conflict n. 矛盾；冲突　　　　　2.unwilling adj. 不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)
3.credit n. 信任；学分；赞扬；信贷 4.rough adj. 粗糙的；粗暴的
5.collection n. 收藏品；珍藏；收集
6.plus prep. 加上；和　adj. 加的；正的；零上的
7.quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架　vi. 争吵；吵架
8.alike adj. 相同的；类似的 9.sightseeing n. 观光；游览
10.splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的
拓展变形
1.unite (vi.& vt.) 联合；团结→united (adj.) 团结的；联合的→union (n.) 联合；联盟；结合；协会
2.consist (vi.) 组成；在于；一致→consistent (adj.) 一致的
3.clarify (vt.) 澄清；阐明→clarified (adj.) 澄清的；透明的
4.accomplish (vt.) 完成；达到；实现→accomplishment (n.) 完成；成就
5.convenience (n.) 便利；方便→convenient (adj.) 方便的
6.attract (vt.) 吸引；引起注意→attraction (n.) 吸引；吸引力→attractive (adj.) 有吸引力的
7.description (n.) 描写；描述→describe (vt.) 描述；形容；描绘
8.furnished (adj.) 配备好装备的；带家具的→furnish (vt.) 装备；(用家具等)布置(房间、公寓)；提供
9.possibility (n.) 可能(性)→possible (adj.) 可能的；合理的
10.arrange (vt.) 筹备；安排；整理→arrangement (n.) 布置；整理
11.fold (vt.) 折叠；对折→unfold (反义词) (vi.& vt.) 展开；打开；呈现
12.delight (n.) 快乐；高兴；喜悦 (vt.) 使高兴；使欣喜→delighted (adj.) 高兴的；快乐的→delightful (adj.) 令人高兴的
13.thrill (vt.) 使激动；使胆战心惊→thrilled (adj.) 激动的→thrilling (adj.) 令人激动的


1.a­开头高频表语形容词
①alike 同样的；类似的
②asleep 睡着的
③alive 活的；有活力的
④awake 醒着的
⑤afraid 害怕的
⑥ashamed 羞愧的
2.后缀­ence必备名词
①convenience 方便
②consequence 后果，结果
③dependence 依靠
④difference 不同
⑤existence 存在
⑥intelligence 聪明
3.仅“一字母之差”的单词
①statue n. 雕像→status
n. 身份
②affect vt. 影响→effect n. 影响；效果
③adapt v. 适应→adopt v. 收养
④sweat n. 汗水→sweet adj. 甜的
⑤content n. 内容→context n. 上下文
⑥march n．& vi. 前进→match n. 比赛
⑦expand v. 扩大→expend vt.花费；用光



一 动词＋介/副词
1.consist of 由……组成
2.divide ... into 把……分成
3.refer to 谈到；说到；参考；涉及
4.break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离
5.leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
6.break down (机器)损坏；破坏
二 介词＋名词
7.to one's credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下
8.in memory of 纪念
三 其他
9.keep one's eyes open 留心看
10.take the place of 代替

“to one's＋n.”必备短语
①to one's credit 为……带来荣誉
②to one's astonishment 令某人惊奇的是
③to one's delight/joy 令某人高兴的是
④to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
⑤to one's regret 使某人感到遗憾的是
⑥to one's shame 使某人惭愧的是
_________________________________________________________________

1.find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Now when people refer to England you find Wales included_as_well (发现……也包括在内)．(教材P10)
2.do表示强调，强调谓语动词
To their credit the four countries do_work_together (的确共同协作) in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.(教材P10)
3.过去分词短语作后置定语
For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built_by (被……建造) the Romans.(教材P10)
4.过去分词短语作状语
Worried_about_the_time_available (担心时间不够), Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.(教材P14)
5.状语从句的省略
It looked splendid when_first_built (刚建成的时候)！(教材P14)
6.It seems/seemed ... that ... “似乎……”
It_seemed_strange that (这似乎是一件怪事) the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.(教材P14)

单句语法填空
1.England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly ________ three zones.
答案：into
2.Happily this was accomplished ________ conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.
答案：without
3.It is a pity that the industrial cities ________ (build) in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
答案：built
4.There you will find ________ more about British history and culture.
答案：out
5.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom ________ (enjoy) and worthwhile.
答案：enjoyable
6.________her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels ________ (guard) by special royal soldiers.
答案：To; guarded
7.Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ________ (ring) out the hour.
答案：ringing
8.________ interested her most was the longitude line.
答案：What
9.When she saw many visitors ________ (enjoy) looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.
答案：enjoying
10.The next day Pingyu was leaving London 　　　　 Windsor Castle.
答案：for
考点步步冲关

1 conflict　n. 矛盾；冲突　v. 冲突；抵触
Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.(P10)
令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。
(1)in conflict with sb. 与某人有冲突
come into conflict with 与……产生冲突
(2)conflict with 与……相冲突
即时练1
单句写作
①她发现在将来的职业问题上与父母有冲突。
She found herself __________________ her parents over her future career.
②新的研究成果似乎和已有的理论相抵触。
The results of the new research would seem to ________________ existing theories.
答案：①in conflict with　②conflict with
2 convenience　n. 便利；方便
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. (P10)
英格兰是四个国家中最大的，为方便起见，它大致可划分成三个地区。
(1)for convenience 为了方便起见
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for the convenience of ... 为了方便……
(2)convenient adj. 方便的；便利的
if it is convenient (for you) 如果(你)方便的话
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事。
(3)inconvenience n. 不方便；不便
inconvenient adj. 不方便的
[名师点津]　(1)convenience意为“便利；方便”时，为不可数名词；意为“便利的事物或设施”时，为可数名词。
(2)convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Bachelet says she selected it ________ convenience and I observe that it is also cheap.
②If you are interested, please send an application email ________ your earliest convenience to Ms Chen at chenlaoshi@aef. com.
③In the past several weeks, many cities in Northern China have been suffering from heavy fogs, causing great ________ (convenient) to people.
答案：①for　②at　③inconvenience
单句写作
④如果方便的话，你可以在上午11点半到机场去接他吗？
________________________， can you pick him up at the airport at 11：30 am?
⑤总之，如果我们能有这么一块有魔力的手表，我们的生活将会更加方便。
In a word, if we had such a magic watch, ____________________________.
答案：④If it is convenient for you　⑤our life would become more convenient

3 attract　vt. 吸引；引起注意
It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.(P10)
可惜的是，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
(1)attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
be attracted by 被……所吸引
(2)attraction n. 吸引力；吸引人之物；吸引
(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的
be attractive to 对……有吸引力
即时练3
单句语法填空
①TV shopping is ________ (attract) because you can buy things easily without going out.
②________ (attract) more consumers, many online shops provide great discounts on Singles Day.
③The Tower of London is one of the most popular tourist ________ (attract) in London.
答案：①attractive　②To attract　③attractions
单句写作——句式升级
④这个女孩被大自然的美景所吸引，因此她决定再在农场待两天。
a．普通表达：
_______________________________________________________________，
so she decided to spend another two days on the farm.
b．高级表达：
________________________， the girl decided to spend another two days on the farm.(过去分词作状语)
答案：a.The girl was attracted by the beauty of nature　b．Attracted by the beauty of nature

4 arrange　vt. 筹备；安排；整理
They had no time to arrange their own wedding, so they had it organized by a company.(P13)
他们没有时间筹备自己的婚礼，因此他们让一家公司代为组织。
(1)arrange (for) sth. 整理/安排/筹划某事
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
(2)arrangement n. 安排；准备
make arrangements for ... 为……做安排
即时练4
单句语法填空
①The Jibo robot, arranged ________ (ship) later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant.
②We have already made ________ (arrange) for our vacation.
答案：①to ship　②arrangements
单句改错
③Dave arranged someone to drive him home.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：arranged后加for
单句写作
④父母为孩子安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
Parents ____________________________________ and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
⑤如果你感兴趣，请在下周四下午5点前到办公室报名，以便于我们做些必要的安排。
If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 pm next Thursday ________________________________________.
答案：④arrange everything for their children　⑤so that we will make necessary arrangements


1
consist of 由……组成
教材
原句
How many countries does the UK consist of？(P9)
英国是由几个部分(国家)组成的？
(1)consist of＝be made up of 由……组成；由……构成
consist in＝lie in 在于；存在于
(2)consistent adj. 一致的
be consistent with ... 和……一致/相符
[名师点津]　consist of 一般不用于被动语态和进行时，其同义短语有：be made up of; be composed of。
即时练1
用consist相关短语的适当形式填空
①Life mainly ____________ happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow ____________ struggle. Remember that your ideal life is not always ______________ the reality.
答案：consists of; consist in; consistent with
一句多译
生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。
②Life ______________ not only sunshine but also hard times.
③Life ______________ not only sunshine but also hard times.
④Life ______________ not only sunshine but also hard times.
⑤Not only sunshine but also hard times ____________ life.
答案：②consists of　③is made up of　④is composed of
⑤make up

2
divide ... into ... 把……分成……
教材
原句
England can be divided into three main areas.(P9)
英格兰可以划分为三个主要地区。
(1)divide ... into 把……分成(若干部分)
divide up 划分；分配
divide sth. among/between ... 在……之间分配某物
(2)divided adj. 分裂的；有分歧的

divide
( ... into ... )常指把某个整体划分为若干部分
separate
( ... from ... )表示“将……与……分开”，指把原来连在一起或靠近的事物分隔开来
图解
助记


即时练2
单句语法填空
①A sentence can ________ (divide) into meaningful segments.
②We have decided to divide the books ________ Class 1 and Class 2.
③The government is ________ (divide) on this issue.
答案：①be divided　②between　③divided
用divide/separate的适当形式填空
④Our class is ________ into two teams.
⑤Are you anxious and restless if you are ________ from your mobile phone?
答案：④divided　⑤separated

3
take the place of 代替
教材
原句
All of the words below can take the place of said, but they are used under different conditions ... (P12)
下面所有的单词都可以代替said，但它们用于不同的情况……
take place 发生；举行(不及物动词短语，无被动语态)
take sb.'s/sth.'s place＝take the place of sb./sth. 取代/代替某人/某物
in place of sb./sth.＝in sb.'s/sth.'s place 代替/取代某人/某物
in place 在适当的位置；准备就绪
out of place 不适当；不在适当的位置上
即时练3
单句语法填空
①The chairs for the concert were nearly all ________ place.
②If I refused to go, they would send someone else in ________ place.
答案：①in　②my
单句改错
③Computers have taken place of typewriters in most offices.
_________________________________________________________________
④The 31st Olympic Games was taken place in Brazil in 2016.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：③taken后加the　④was taken→took
一句多译
经理将要出差，我将代替他参加会议。
⑤The manager will be away on business and I'll ________________ the meeting.
⑥The manager will be away on business and I'll ______________________ the meeting.
⑦The manager will be away on business and I'll ______________________.
⑧The manager will be away on business and I'll _________________________.
答案：⑤take his place to attend　⑥take the place of him to attend　⑦attend the meeting in place of him　⑧attend the meeting in his place

4
break down (机器)出故障；(计划、希望、谈判等)失败；身体垮掉；分解
教材
原句
On my way to the station my car broke down. (P13)
在去车站的路上，我的汽车坏了。
break away from 脱离(政党)
break in 打断(谈话)；插嘴；破门而入
break into 强行闯入；撬开(汽车等)
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
break through 突破；突围
break up 分散；拆散；结束；(关系等)破裂
即时练4
写出下列句中break down的含义
①The car broke down on the way to the airport.________
②Your health will break down if you work too hard.________
③Plastic bags are difficult to break down.________
④The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.________
答案：①(车辆)抛锚　②(身体)垮掉　③分解　④(谈判)失败
用break相关短语的适当形式填空
⑤Under no condition will the Chinese allow Taiwan to ____________ China.
⑥The printing machines are always ______________， which annoys him a lot.
⑦Last night somebody ______________ Mr White's house and took away a lot of things.
⑧In my opinion, marriage based on money is bound to ______________.
⑨Scientists think they are beginning to ______________ in the fight against cancer.
⑩They had escaped to America shortly before war ______________ in 1939.
答案：⑤break away from　⑥breaking down　⑦broke into　⑧break up　⑨break through　⑩broke out


1
Now when people refer to England you find_Wales_included as well.(P10)
翻译
现在当人们谈到英格兰时，你会发现威尔士也被包含在内。
(1)本句属于“find＋宾语十宾语补足语”结构，其中作宾语补足语的过去分词included是对宾语Wales进行补充说明，与Wales之间存在被动关系。
(2)此结构中宾语补足语的形式常为：

即时练1
单句写作
①我们发现他正等着迎接我们。
We ________________ to receive us.
②我发现那是一部乏味的影片。
I ______________________ film.
③我希望我们下次见面时，你的精神状况会更好。
I hope to ____________________ when we meet again.
④你可能觉得难以接受自己的疾病。
You may ____________________ your illness.
答案：①found him waiting　②found it a boring　③find you in better spirits　④find it hard to accept

2
It looked splendid when_first_built！(P14)
翻译
刚建成时，它(圣·保罗大教堂)看起来真是金碧辉煌！
(1)当when引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it，且谓语部分有动词be的某种形式，这时可把从句的主语(或it)连同谓语动词be省略掉，省略后的部分为“when＋分词/介词短语/形容词/名词短语等”。
(2)引导状语从句时，有类似用法的连词还有：
while, once, as, as if, unless, until, even if, though, if等。
即时练2
单句写作
①一旦见过它，它就不会被忘记。
________________， it'll never be forgotten.
②科学家们发现所有的植物当遭受攻击时会发出特殊的气味。
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs ________________.
③如果你被录用，你会很快被通知的。
________________ for the job, you'll be informed soon.
④如果有可能的话，这周末我去看我的祖父母。
________________， I'll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
答案：①Once (it is) seen　②when (they are) attacked
③If (you are) accepted　④If (it is) possible

3
It_seemed_strange_that the man who had developed communism should_have_lived_and_died in London.(P14)
翻译
这似乎令人不可思议：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
(1)在“It＋系动词＋形容词(strange, necessary, natural, important, etc) that ...”句型中，that引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”。should可以省略。
(2)在“It is/was suggested (ordered, recommended, required, desired, advocated, etc) that ...”句型中，that引导的主语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
[名师点津]　本句型如果描述现在或将要发生的事情，用(should＋) do的形式；如果描述过去发生的事情用should have done的形式。
即时练3
单句写作
①真是奇怪，他竟然做出如此愚蠢的事情。
It is strange that ________________ such silly things.
②有人建议推迟这个计划。
It is recommended that the plan ________________.
答案：①he should have done　②(should) be put off

过去分词作宾补
宾语补足语一般放在宾语之后，对宾语起补充说明的作用，而过去分词作宾补，一般表示被动、完成的意义，宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
①I noticed their car parked outside.
我注意到他们的车停在外面。
能用过去分词作宾补的几类动词
1．表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如：see, hear, watch, feel, think, find, notice, observe, listen to等。
②He was about to enter the hall when he heard his name called.
他正要进入大厅的时候，突然听到有人叫他的名字。
2．表示“使，让”意义的动词，如：make, get, have, keep, leave等。
③Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amused with her stories.
露西很有幽默感，常用她的故事使她的同事开心不已。
[重点提示]　
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”的几种用法：
(1)表示让别人做某事
We had the machine repaired just now.
我们刚刚让人修了这台机器。
(2)表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”等
My sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
上个月我妹妹的钱包在公交车上被偷了。
(3)表示自己完成某事或自己参与完成某事
Li Hua hopes that his English teacher will suggest a good way to have his English improved in a short period of time.
李华希望他的英语老师推荐一个好方法，让他的英语在短期内提高。
(4)表示容忍或允许某人做某事，多用于否定句，常与can't, won't连用
I won't have anything said against her.
我不会容忍任何反对她的言论。
3．表示“希望，愿望或要求”等意义的词，如：want, wish, like, expect, order等。
④The teacher wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
老师不想现在讨论这个问题。
4．用在“with＋名词/代词＋过去分词”结构中，表示宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。
⑤With the work finished, they went to the seaside for a holiday.
因为工作完成了，他们去海边度假了。
现在分词与过去分词作宾补的区别

⑥I found him lying on the grass just now.
我刚才发现他躺在草地上。
⑦I found him surrounded by a group of boys.
我发现他被一群男孩围着。
即时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I would like this matter ________ (settle) immediately.
答案：settled
2．The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ________ (hear)．
答案：heard
3．It was mainly for this reason that the Brazilian government decided to have a new city ________ (build) 600 miles northwest of Rio de Janeiro.
答案：built
4．When I got into the office, I found Mr Green ________ (bury) in his work, without noticing my arrival.
答案：buried
5．He lay in bed with his head ________ (cover)．
答案：covered
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．You look different today. Have you had your hair was cut?
_________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉was
2．Do you want to have the dictionary delivering to your house or would you prefer to fetch it in person?
_________________________________________________________________
答案：delivering→delivered
3．With so many wonderful treasures display in the museum, visitors crowded in from all over the world.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：display→displayed
4．Jane got her bad tooth pull out at the dentist's.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：pull→pulled
5．When the manager came in, he found Tom smoke in the office.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：smoke→smoking
基础达标演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is nothing more ________ (attract) than a genuine smile.
答案：attractive
2．It seems strange that the boss who owns a large company ________ live a simple life.
答案：should
3．It is ________ (thrill) news to hear of your being appointed as CEO of your company.
答案：thrilling
4．It is hoped that this project ________ (accomplish) by the end of 2019 will be a popular tourist attraction of the city.
答案：to be accomplished
5．________ his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.
答案：To
6．Mail order is a ________ (convenient) for buyers who are too busy to shop.
答案：convenience
7．This job doesn't pay well, but it'll ________ (rough) cover your daily expenses.
答案：roughly
8．Film has a much shorter history, especially when ________ (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
答案：compared
9．Entering the yard, I found it ________ (cover) with lots of ________ (fall) leaves.
答案：covered; fallen
10．All the afternoon he worked with the door ________ (lock)．
答案：locked
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He broke away his family and went to live in Australia.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：away后加from
2．How can you believe him? He is a man whose actions are not consistent in his promises.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：in→with
3．To his delighting, he got the first place in the maths exam.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：delighting→delight
4．Will you be convenient to chat with me on the Internet tonight?
_________________________________________________________________
答案：you→it
5．I have had my bike repair, and I'm going to have somebody repair my radio tomorrow.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：第一个repair→repaired
Ⅲ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．众所周知，英国由英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰四个国家组成。(consist of)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：As we all know, the UK consists of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
2．英格兰是四个国家中最大的一个。(largest)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：England is the largest of the four countries.
3．英国位于欧洲西北部，英吉利海峡(the English Channel)把它与欧洲大陆分开。(separate ... from ... )
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：The UK lies in the northwest of Europe, which is separated from Europe by the English Channel.
4．它的首都伦敦是欧洲最大和最具国际特色的城市。(international)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：Its capital London is Europe's largest and most international city.
5．在那里有很多旅游景点，每年吸引着来自世界各地的游客。(tourist attraction)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：There are lots of tourist attractions and they attract visitors from all over the world every year.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范


答案：As we all know, the UK consists of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, of which England is the largest one. The UK lies in the northwest of Europe, which is separated from Europe by the English Channel. Its capital London is Europe's largest and most international city, where there are lots of tourist attractions and they attract visitors from all over the world every year.