2021高三统考人教英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一部分Book4Unit2Workingtheland


Unit 2 Working the land

基础自主检测

阅读识记
Ⅰ.英译汉
1.statistic n. 数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料
2.sunburnt adj. 晒黑的
3.grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒
4.bacteria n. 细菌
5.soil n. 土壤
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.super adj. 特级的；超级的
2.nationality n. 国籍
3.pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟
4.mineral n. 矿物；矿石
高频应用
1.struggle vi.& n. 斗争；拼搏；努力　2.decade n. 十年；十年期
3.battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争　vt.& vi. 搏斗；奋斗
4.rid vt. 摆脱；除去 5.therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而
6.focus n. 焦点；中心点　vt. 集中；聚焦
7.root n. 根；根源 8.skim vt. 浏览；略读
9.underline vt. 画底线标出；强调
10.comment n. 评论；议论　vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论
拓展变形
1.output (n.) 产量；输出→input (n.) 投入；输入
2.hunger (n.) 饥饿；欲望 (vt.& vi.) (使)饥饿→hungry (adj.) 饥饿的
3.disturbing (adj.) 引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturb (vt.) 搅乱；弄乱；干扰
4.expand (vt.& vi.) 使变大；伸展→expansion (n.) 扩张；扩展
5.circulate (vt.& vi.) 循环；流传→circulation (n.) 血液循环；流通
6.freedom (n.) 自由；自主→free (adj.) 自由的；自主的→freely (adv.) 自由地；自主地
7.equip (vt.& vi.) 配备；装备→equipment (n.) 装备；设备→equipped (过去式/过去分词)
8.export (vt.& vi.) 输出；出口→import (反义词)(vt.& vi.) 输入；进口
9.occupation (n.) 工作；职业；占领→occupy (vt.) 占领；占据
10.confuse (vt.) 使迷惑；使为难→confusion (n.) 困惑；迷惑→confused (adj.) 感到迷惑的→confusing (adj.) 令人迷惑的
11.regret (vt.) 遗憾；惋惜 (n.) 遗憾；懊悔→regretted (过去式/过去分词)→regretful (adj.) 后悔的；失望的；遗憾的
12.chemical (adj.) 化学的；化学作用的 (n.) 化学药品；化学制品→chemistry (n.) 化学
13.production (n.) 生产；制造→produce (vt.) 生产；制造→product (n.) 产品→producer (n.) 生产者；制片人
14.nutrition (n.) 营养；滋养；食物→nutritious (adj.) 有营养的；营养丰富的
15.discovery (n.) 发现；发觉→discover (vt.) 发现；发觉
16.reduce (vt.) 减少；减缩→reduction (n.) 减少；缩小
17.summary (n.) 总结；摘要；概要→summarize (vt.) 总结；概括；概述



1.以­tion结尾抽象名词
①production 生产；制造
②nutrition 营养；滋养；食物
③appreciation 欣赏，鉴赏
④celebration 庆祝，典礼
⑤combination 结合
⑥concentration 集中，专心
⑦congratulation 祝贺
⑧consideration 考虑，思考
⑨occupation 工作；职业；占领
⑩application 请求，应用，运用
2.以后缀­ment构成的名词
①equip→equipment 装备
②develop→development 发展
③argue→argument 争论
④establish→establishment 建立
⑤employ→employment 雇用
⑥improve→improvement 提高



一 动词＋介/副词
1.rid ... of 使……摆脱或除去
2.build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发
3.lead to 导致；造成(后果)
4.focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
二 be＋形容词＋介词
5.be satisfied with 对……感到满意
6.be rich in 盛产
三 其他
7.thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
8.would rather 宁愿；宁可
9.in addition 另外
10.keep ... free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)

“be＋adj.＋with”高频短语
①be satisfied with 对……满意
②be content with 对……满意
③be pleased with 对……满意
④be angry with 对……发怒
⑤be familiar with 对……熟悉
⑥be bored with 对……厌烦
⑦be busy with 忙于……
⑧be popular with 受……欢迎
⑨be patient with 对……耐心
⑩be strict with 对……严格要求
_________________________________________________________________

1.if so状语从句的省略形式
If_so (如果这样的话), what did you do to grow them? (教材P9)
2.the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式
In 1973, he became the_first_agricultural_pioneer_in_the_world_to_grow_rice (世界上第一位种植水稻的农业先锋) that has a high output. (教材P10)
3.make it＋adj.＋动词不定式
This special strain of rice makes_it_possible_to_produce (使生产……成为可能) 20% more of the crop in the same fields. (教材P10)
4.倍数＋as ... as ...
Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice_as_large_as_before (比以前多了一倍). (教材P10)
5.would rather do ... “宁愿做……”
He would much rather (宁愿) keep time for his hobbies. (教材P10)

单句语法填空
1.________he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer.
答案：Although
2.Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like ________ of millions of Chinese farmers, ________ whom he has struggled for the past five decades.
答案：those; for
3.Now more than 60% of the rice ________ (produce) in China each year is from this hybrid strain.
答案：produced
4.________(bear) in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.
答案：Born
5.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice ________(be) his life goal.
答案：has been
6.These ________ (increase) harvests mean that 22% of the world's people ________ (feed) from just 7% of the farmland in the world.
答案：increased; are fed
7.Spending money on himself or ________ (lead) a comfortable life also ________ (mean) very little to him.
答案：leading; means
8.Over the past half century, ________ (use) chemical fertilizers ________ (become) very common in farming.
答案：using; has become
9.They feel that this makes the soil in their fields 　　　　 (rich) in minerals and so more fertile.
答案：richer
10.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, ________ (make) it ready for crops such as wheat or corn.
答案：making
考点步步冲关

1 struggle　vi.& n. 斗争；拼搏；努力
Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.(P10)
的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他数百万的中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。struggle for 为……而斗争
struggle with/against 与……作斗争；同……搏斗
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
即时练1
单句语法填空
①Most animals have to struggle ________ existence in the dangerous world.
②We have to struggle ________ all kinds of difficulties.
③Because a college community differs from the family, many students will struggle ________ (find) a sense of belonging.
④The soldier was badly wounded but he struggled ________ his feet at last.
答案：①for　②with/against　③to find　④to
2 equip　vi.& vt. (equipped, equipped) 配备；装备
He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.(P10)
于是，他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。
(1)equip ... with ... 用……装备……
equip ... for ... 为……而装备……
be equipped with 配备着……；装备有……
be well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/简陋的
(2)equipment n. 装备；设备(不可数名词)
a piece of equipment 一件设备
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Having equipped himself ________ necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence.
②As far as I know, he ________ (equip) with much experience in teaching.
答案：①with　②is equipped
单句改错
③We want our son to have a good education that will equip him with future life.
_________________________________________________________________
④Equipping with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.
_________________________________________________________________
⑤In addition, they spend money on fishing equipments, fuel and boat repairs.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：③with→for　④Equipping→Equipped
⑤equipments→equipment

3 regret　vt.遗憾；惋惜　n．遗憾；懊悔
His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.(P13)
他的父亲说，他从不后悔把儿子送到国外学习。
(1)regret sth. 后悔/遗憾某事
regret that 从句　遗憾……
regret doing sth.＝regret having done sth. 后悔做过某事
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(事情还未做)
(2)much to the regret of sb.＝much to one's regret 使某人非常遗憾的是……
with great/deep regret 很遗憾
have no regrets 没有遗憾
(3)regretful adj. 后悔的；失望的；遗憾的
即时练3
单句语法填空
①Jerry did not regret ________ (give) the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.
②I saw a ________ (regret) look on her face when she left.
答案：①giving/having given　②regretful
单句写作
③我告诉他他被解雇了。使我惊奇的是，他对我说：“我没有什么遗憾。我唯一后悔的是选错了工作。”
I told him that he had been dismissed. To my surprise, he said to me, “I ________________. I only regret ____________________.”
答案：have no regrets; having taken the wrong job

4 reduce　vt.减少；减缩；降低；使……陷入某种更坏的状态(常用于被动语态)
A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.(P14)
肥沃的土壤减少了病虫害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。
(1)reduce ... to ... 把……减少到……；使某物变弱为……
reduce by 减少了……
be reduced to ... 沦落为……；被迫……(to为介词)
(2)reduce sb. to tears/silence 使某人流泪/沉默
(3)reduction n. 缩小；减少
即时练4
单句语法填空
①Costs have been reduced ________ 20% over the past year.
②Due to a lack of food in the hard time, many people were reduced to ________ (eat) grass and leaves.
③She was reduced ________ tears by their criticism.
④There has been some ________ (reduce) in unemployment.
答案：①by　②eating　③to　④reduction


1
build up 逐渐增强：建立；开发；增进
教材
原句
These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time.(P14)
随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。
(1)build up a fame 建立名声
build up one's health/body 增强体质
(2)与副词up搭配的短语
grow up 长大
cut up 切碎
put up 搭起；建起
set up 建立
speed up 加速
give up 放弃
add up 加起来；合计
come up 上升；走近；发芽
pick up 捡起；学会
take up 拿起；开始；从事
eat up 耗尽；吃完
make up 构成；组成
即时练1
写出下列句中build up的含义
①Bears build up fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.________
②His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.________
③We should take part in sports and outdoor activities, which are really helpful to build up our body and enrich our school life.________
④It is said that she has built up a very successful business.________
答案：①积累　②逐渐增加　③增强……的体质　④建立；创办
用up相关短语的适当形式填空
⑤It didn't take me long to ________________ the basic knowledge of the language.
⑥I must get rid of this large table, it ______________ too much room.
⑦There are more than two million farmers, ______________ two thirds of the total population of the province.
答案：⑤pick up　⑥takes up　⑦making up

2
lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通往
教材
原句
Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.(P14)
很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。
lead/live a(n) ... life 过着……的生活
lead the way 带路
lead sb. into 带某人进入
lead sb. to someplace 带领某人去某地
lead sb. to do sth. 使得/诱使某人做某事
lead up to 导致；造成；是……的先导
[名师点津]　lead to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词­ing形式。表示导致的短语还有：result in, contribute to等。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①The discovery of the new evidence led ________ the thief's being caught.
②I will divide the students into small groups and lead them ________ (practise) speaking English in an interesting way.
③Under the leadership of the local government, people there are leading ________ happy life.
答案：①to　②to practise　③a
一句多译
众所周知，成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。
④As we all know, success lies in hard work ____________________. (lead)
⑤As we all know, success lies in hard work ____________________. (result)
答案：④while laziness leads to failure　⑤while laziness results in failure

3
focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于；聚焦于
教材
原句
They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.(P14)
他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。
(1)focus on集中于……
focus one's attention/eyes/energy on集中注意力/目光/精力于……
(2)the focus of attention/concern注意力/关注的焦点
(3)adjust the focus 调整焦距
in focus 对准焦距
out of focus 没对准焦距
(4)focused adj. 注意力集中的；目标明确的
(5)表示“集中注意力/精力于……”的其他短语
pay attention to sth.
put one's heart into sth.
fix one's attention on sth.
concentrate (one's attention) on sth.
即时练3
单句语法填空
①To lead a happy life in the future, you should focus more ________ your career while you are young.
②With his attention ________ (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.
③With so many people ________ (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.
答案：①on/upon　②focused　③focusing
一句多译
他担心的事太多，无法专心学习。
④With so many things to be worried about, he couldn't ____________________ study. (focus)
⑤With so many things to be worried about, he couldn't ____________________ study. (concentrate)
⑥With so many things to be worried about, he couldn't ____________________ study. (put)
答案：④focus (his attention) on　⑤concentrate on　⑥put his heart into

1
If_so,_what did you do to grow them？(P9)
翻译
如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？
if so “如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义，完整句子是if it is so；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。
when, whenever, though, although, unless等连词也常见于省略句结构中。
if构成的其他省略形式：
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if necessary 如果必要的话
if ever 如果有过的话(曾经发生)
即时练1
单句写作
①你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同，请尽快回信告诉我。
Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off? ________， write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.
②我希望在那里能见到你，不然的话，我会给你打电话的。
I hope to see you there but, ________， I'll call you.
③那本书里即使真有错误，也不多。
There are few, ________， mistakes in the book.
④如果可能的话，争取每天都在同一时间就寝，同一时间起床。
________________， try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
⑤这里的气候宜人，夏季气温达到30摄氏度的情况即使曾经发生过，也不多出现。
The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________， reaching 30 ℃ in summer.
答案：①If so　②if not　③if any　④If possible　⑤if ever

2
He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.(P10)
翻译
他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。
(1)would rather “宁愿……”，常用来表示选择的意愿
would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事
(2)宁愿做某事(而)
不愿做某事/与
其做某事倒不
如做某事
(3)would rather＋从句(谓语)

(4)would rather have done 本来想做……而未实现
即时练2
单句语法填空
①I would rather you ________ (finish) your homework yesterday.
②She would rather you ________ (come) tomorrow than today.
答案：①had finished　②came
一句多译
为了过低碳生活，一些人宁愿坐公交也不愿开车去上班。
③____________________， some people ______________________________ to work. (to do 不定式； would rather ... than)
④________________________， some people _______________________ to work. (in order to; would ... rather than)
⑤Some people ________________________________ to work __________they can live a low­carbon life. (so that; prefer to do ... rather than)
答案：③To live a low­carbon life; would rather take the bus than drive a car　④In order to live a low­carbon life; would take the bus rather than drive a car　⑤prefer to take the bus rather than drive a car; so that

动词­ing形式作主语和宾语
动词­ing形式作主语
1．动词­ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。
①Going fishing is my favourite sport.
钓鱼是我最喜欢的运动。
2．动词­ing作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。常见的句型有：
It is/was
②It is no use complaining.
抱怨没有用。
③It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.
谈论那些无用的事情是在浪费时间。
动词­ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
常接动词­ing形式作宾语的动词有avoid, miss, advise, finish, practise, enjoy, escape, risk, mind, stand, imagine等。
④We were lucky to escape being punished.
我们很幸运，没有受罚。
⑤I tried to avoid making the same mistake.
我努力避免犯同样的错误。
2．英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动词­ing形式作宾语。
常见的跟动词­ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be worth等。
⑥He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持用自己的方式做事。
⑦He devoted his energies to writing films.
他把精力投入到创作电影上。
3．有些动词或词组后既可跟动词­ing形式作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意思不同。
stop/mean/try/remember/forget/regret
⑧When I came in, he stopped reading and looked up at me.
当我进来的时候，他停止了阅读，抬头看着我。
⑨He stopped to read when the teacher came in.
当老师进来的时候，他停下来去阅读。
4．下列动词可接动词­ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done
⑩The old temple needs
这座旧庙宇需要维修。
即时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．　　　　 (know) basic first­aid skills, according to the expert, will help people respond effectively to emergencies.
答案：Knowing
2．________(injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.
答案：Being injured
3．While shopping, people sometimes can't help ________ (persuade) into buying something they don't really need.
答案：being persuaded
4．If you think that treating a kid well means always ________ (give) him what he wants, you are totally wrong.
答案：giving
5．________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
答案：Ignoring
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．You can make more friends from different parts of the country by serve them when working there.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：serve→serving
2．Communicate on WeChat is a common phenomenon, and more people hardly write letters.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：Communicate→Communicating
3．The bus conductor forgot to reminding him to get off at that stop.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：reminding→remind
4．It's just a waste of time read the book again.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：read→reading
5．Tom's win the first prize last year impressed me a lot.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：win→winning
基础达标演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．________ news came that the Ebola Virus spread quickly, which made us rather ________. (disturb)
答案：Disturbing; disturbed
2．In the future, we can send robots ________ (equip) with cameras and other tools to do observation for us.
答案：equipped
3．What a pity! We would rather we ________ (follow) our teacher's advice yesterday.
答案：had followed
4．All applicants will be considered regardless of age, sex, religion or ________ (national)．
答案：nationality
5．Troubled by a terrible headache, Catherine wondered how she could rid ________ (her) of the bad situation.
答案：herself
6．The people who want to improve their lives are left ________ (confuse) by all of the conflicting information.
答案：confused
7．For decades, they have been struggling ________ (search) for ways to increase rice harvest, but without success.
答案：to search
8．At first I regretted ________ (invite) them to stay, but we soon became great friends.
答案：inviting
9．They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people ________ (focus), and lead to relaxation.
答案：focused
10．Planning ahead ________ (make) no sense—because many things will have changed by next year.
答案：makes
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The current death rate is reduced about 10% compared to that of last year.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：about→by
2．It is the lack of movement, along with fatty diets, that lead to people's putting on weight.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：lead→leads
3．We students should equip with knowledge as the competition nowadays is very fierce.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：equip后加ourselves
4．Chinese farmers will never forget the great contributions Yuan Longping has made to rid them of hunger and poverty.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：rid→ridding
5．It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the marketplace and however, supply more jobs.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：however→therefore
Ⅲ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．我想简单地评论非洲的现状。(comment)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：I would like to make comments on the present situation of Africa simply.
2．那里大部分人还在同自然灾害作斗争，例如干旱。(struggle)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：Most of the people there struggle against natural disasters, for example drought.
3．让我们感到遗憾的是，他们缺少足够的设备，结果农作物的产量锐减。(regret; equipment; output; reduce)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：To our regret, they lack enough equipment; as a result, the crop output is greatly reduced.
4．他们打算集中精力学习发达国家的先进技术，逐步增强食物供给能力。(focus on; build up; supply)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：They plan to focus on learning advanced technology from developed countries, and build up the food supply.
5．这些措施将会使他们的生活有很大的改善。(lead to)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案：These measures will lead to a great improvement in their life.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范


答案：I would like to make comments on the present situation of Africa simply. As you know, most of the people there struggle against natural disasters, for example drought. What's worse, to our regret, they lack enough equipment; as a result, the crop output is greatly reduced. Happily, they plan to focus on learning advanced technology from developed countries, and build up the food supply. I believe all these measures will lead to a great improvement in their life.