2021高三英语人教版一轮教师用书：板块3第2讲　冠词和介词


第2讲　冠词和介词
[全国卷考情分析]
题型
典题试做
命题解读
语
法
填
空
1． (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) When we got a call saying she was short­listed，we thought it was a joke.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
1．冠词表泛指、特指；
2．固定搭配中的冠词和介词；
3．介词的基本用法。
短
文
改
错
1． (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.football前面加上a
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.chemistry后面加上in/at
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons...the→a
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.a→an/one
1．不定冠词a和an的错用以及它们与the的错用；
2．冠词的多余或缺失；
3．固定搭配中冠词、介词的错用；
4．介词与其他词搭配不当以及介词的缺失或多余。


考点一
不定冠词

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·日照联考)Many people may think the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum, is outstanding and old­fashioned museum.
an　[考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词；又因为空后单词“outstanding”的发音以元音音素开头，故用冠词an。]
2．(2019·湖南长郡中学检测)The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and the wedding ceremony very often ends with unique banquet.
a　[考查冠词。空后的banquet为可数名词，表示泛指，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。]
3．(2019·合肥第一次教学质量检测)The Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area made up of the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, the Tianzishan mountain ranges, Baofenghu and the Suoxi Valley is very popular filming and tourist destination.
a　[考查冠词。destination为可数名词，且在此表示泛指，故填a。]
4．(2019·河北五个一名校联盟第二次考试)As you know, science plays
very important role in our education.
a　[考查冠词。play an important role in...为固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)”，因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的very，故填冠词a。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
5．(2019·曲阜师大附中二模)That accident took place on winter morning of the year 2019.
winter前加a　[在描述“一个……样的……”的时候，通常会在形容词前面加上不定冠词，此处意为“2019年的一个冬天的清晨”。]

不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素时，用不定冠词an。
1．不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用在可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。
(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。
—Excuse me，would you please give the iPad to John?
——打扰一下，请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗？
—Sorry，but I don't think there's a John in our class.
——对不起，但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。
(3)用在“be＋of＋a/an＋名词”结构中，表示“同一，相同”时，相当于of the same＋名词。
The two plants look different，but they are of a kind (＝of the same kind)．
这两种植物看上去不同，但属于同一类。
2．不定冠词的活用
(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
最初的印象最持久。毕竟， 你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。
(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词：success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，pity，danger，comfort，honour等。
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of...时， 前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”；have a (clear/good) understanding of...“了解……”。
If you don't have a good knowledge of English，it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.
如果你不精通英语，那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢！
3．用于固定搭配中
all of a sudden突然地　 as a matter of fact事实上
at a loss不知所措；困惑 pay a visit to参观；拜访
be/go on a diet节食 give sb. a lift让某人搭便车
make a fool of 愚弄 in a hurry匆忙地
make a living谋生 a waste of...浪费
once in a while偶尔 keep an eye on 留意；留神
have a gift for在……方面有天赋
have a word with与……谈话
in a way从某种意义上说
as a result/consequence 因此

考点二
定冠词

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·惠州第二次调研)Being world's most popular online battle game, it already has over 200 million players in China.
the　[考查冠词。此处表示“它成为世界上最受欢迎的网络对战游戏，在中国已经拥有超过两亿的玩家”。形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。]
2．(2019·河南豫北名校质量评估)Lanzhou is also qualified as hometown of Chinese beef noodle.
the　[考查冠词。句意：兰州也被认为是中国牛肉面的故乡。此处表示特指，应用定冠词the。]
3．(2019·济宁二模)Bras explained that he is sick of pressure of trying to keep his stars.
the　[考查冠词。根据空后内容可知，此处的名词pressure表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。]
4．(2019·重庆第一次调研)Thousands of visitors each year enjoy Haleakala National Park, one of most unusual national parks in the United States, on the island of Maui.
the　[考查冠词。此处表示“美国最不同寻常的国家公园之一”，这里是用形容词的最高级修饰national parks，故该空填the。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
5．(2019·福州十三中期中)I have been staying here for three weeks, and three weeks has been really tough.
在第二个three前加the　[特指刚刚提到的这三周时间。]
6．(2019·洛阳统一考试)I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scolding, he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize to our neighbor.
a→the　[tell the truth为固定词组搭配，符合语境，故用定冠词the。]

1．定冠词的基本用法
(1)指双方都知道的人或物，或特指的人或物的名词前。
I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。
(2)用于某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人。
We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的一切。
(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词only，very，same前，以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。
As is known to all，the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
This book is the better one of the two.
这本书是这两者中较好的那一本。
[易错提醒]　a与most连用，位于形容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。
(4)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中， 表示“按……计算”。但size，weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this bookstore，that is，by the kilogram.
他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖，也就是说是按公斤来卖的。
(5)用于“动词(hit，strike，pull，take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中， 其中的the不可用物主代词代替。
hit sb.on the head 打某人的头
pull/take sb. by the hand拉/抓住某人的手
strike sb.in the face打某人的脸
2．用于固定搭配中
at the moment 此刻，目前 by the way顺便说一下
in the way 阻碍；挡路 in the distance在远处
not in the least 一点也不 the other day 几天之前
on the contrary与此相反；恰恰相反
on the other hand另一方面
to the point中肯； 切题 take the place of 代替
go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧
in the habit of有……的习惯
make the most/best of 充分利用
to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话
for the time being 暂时

考点三
零冠词

单句改错
1．(2019·河北邯郸联考)At first, I decided to eat less in order to lose the weight.

去掉the　[lose weight 意为“减肥”，为固定短语，故将the去掉。]
2．(2019·新疆第二次检测)Who is in the charge of United Nations？
去掉the　[in the charge of为固定搭配，表示“某事物由某人管理”，in charge of意为“某人管理某事物”。类似的考点还有in the possession of表示“某事物归某人所有”，in possession of意为“某人拥有某事物”。]
3．(2019·石家庄检测一)In the fact, this happens in many places of interest.I have some suggestions to solve this problem.
去掉the　[in fact为固定搭配，意为“事实上”，the多余。]

1．零冠词的基本用法
(1)用于不含普通名词的纯专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词或复数名词前。
Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处。
The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.
史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。
(2)名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，each，no，any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词。
Each student must hand in his(her) exercise book by the end of this week.
每个学生必须在本周末交作业本。
(3) 表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时， 其前通常用零冠词。
Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说，“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”
(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词，及球类、棋类和学科名词前。
Of all the subjects，I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.
在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有益的知识。
2．用于固定搭配中
on/catch fire着火　　　 by mistake错误地
by chance/accident碰巧 in history在历史上
under repair在维修中 hand in hand 手拉手
do harm to对……有害 on purpose故意地
in place在正确位置 in danger在危险中
in return作为回报 at present 目前
ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前
lose heart 灰心 out of control失控
at dawn/dusk/night在黎明/黄昏/夜晚
make room for为……让出空间
3．有无冠词意义不同的搭配





【技法点拨】
在语法填空中：
1．观察空格后部分的中心词是否是名词或相当于名词的词或短语，因为冠词的作用通常就是用来修饰名词。
2．准确理解语境，确定空格所填词表示泛指还是特指。
3．理解空格所在句子的意义，分析所填词是否是冠词活用或固定用法。
[易错提醒]　在短文改错中：
1．做短文改错时首先要看名词是否可数。不可数名词前不加不定冠词，故不可数名词前的不定冠词为多余；而可数名词前若无冠词，则为冠词缺失，必须添加相应的冠词。如果名词表示特指，则应用定冠词the。
2．做题时要看可数名词或可数名词前修饰词的读音。元音音素前用an。辅音音素前用a。特别注意useful，hour，honest等单词的读音。
3．牢记冠词的固定搭配，确定冠词的增与删。

考点四
常考介词的用法

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·临川二中、新余四中联考)Third culture kids may not be able to adapt themselves completely their new surroundings.
to　[句意：“第三文化的孩子们”可能不能使自己完全适应他们自己所处的新环境。adapt to...为固定短语，意为“使……适应……”。故填介词to。]
2．(2019·河南天一大联考)Following his recent rise to fame, Rizea has been asked by many cities, including the capital of Romania to transform their old trees
works of art.
into　[句意：随着最近Rizea名声的不断增大，很多城市包括罗马尼亚的首都都请他将他们的老树改造成艺术品。transform...into...为动词短语，意为“将……改造成……”。]
3．(2019·河南郑州一中测试)Most caves are formed nature under the ground, but some have entrances people can find.
by　[句意：大部分洞窟是在地下自然形成的，但有些洞窟的入口人们可以发现。by nature为固定搭配，意为“天然地”，故填介词by。]
4．(2019·陕西榆林二中模拟)With the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable their children to see.
for　[句意：关于因特网，父母们不能审核已发布的指南来决定哪些内容适合他们的孩子浏览。“ their children to see”为不定式的复合结构作状语；此不定式的复合结构为：介词for＋名词/代词＋to do，故设空处填介词for。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
5．(2019·惠州第二次调研)Despite of serious illness, he overcame all difficulties and was admitted to Tsinghua University with high marks.
去掉of　[考查介词。despite“尽管”后跟宾语时不需带of。]
6．(2019·兰州诊断)The moment I warned Xiao Ming to take care of, the ice broke and he slipped into the water.
去掉of　[考查介词。take care后有宾语时才需加介词of。]

1．表示时间的介词
介词
用法
at
表示时间的点，时刻等。at 6：00 o'clock在6点钟；at daybreak在黎明
on
表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon在周一下午；on a rainy day morning在一个雨天的上午
in
表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century在 20世纪；in winter在冬季；in September在9月；in the morning在上午
since＋
时间点
自从……以来
for＋
时间段
长达……
during
在……期间
until/till
直到……
by
到……为止；不迟于……
in/after
＋时间段
在……之后。“in＋时间段”常与将来时连用；“after＋时间段”常与过去时连用
before
在……之前
over
在……期间；直到……结束
Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.
Jane很着急，因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。
In Britain，it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.
在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。
[易错提醒]　(1)当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，every，each等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。
(2)“on/upon＋名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
2．表示方位的介词
介词
用法
at
后常接相对较小的地方
in
后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内
on
表示“在……上”。(反义词beneath)
across
表示“从……的表面穿过；在……对面”
through
表示“从……的内部穿过”
over
表示“从……的上面跨过”(反义词under)
above
指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”(反义词below)
The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little scream.
狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪。
The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。
3．表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。
by train乘火车；on the radio通过收音机；on TV通过电视；with a pencil用铅笔
4．表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
介词
用　法
besides
意为“除……之外(还有)”，相当于in addition to
except
意为“除……之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句
but
意为“除……之外”(＝ except)
apart from
既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于except for
other than
意为“除……之外(别无)”
Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。
[易错提醒]　(1)but常用于nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything，everyone，all 之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略。
(2)besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。
5．表示原因的介词(短语)
for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result of
The open­air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。
Owing to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。
[易错提醒]　上述短语都可作状语，due to还可作表语。thanks to 表示“多亏，幸亏”，多位于句首。
6．其他常考的介词
介词
用法
against
违背，反对；倚靠；以……为背景，衬托
beyond
(范围、限度)超出，为……所不能及
by
程度或增减的幅度；按……计
despite
尽管
for
(表示目的)为了；(表示对象或用途)给；因为；从……来看；赞成，支持
with
和……在一起；和，跟；具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着
within
(范围、程度)在……内
without
没有
off
(表示位置)在……的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从……离开
She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.
她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。
The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.
这个练习超出了班里大多数学生的能力。
考点五
常考介词短语及搭配

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·广东五校协作体第一次联考)The brand was born in Wuzhen in 1848 and has been popular the distinctive taste of its duck products.
for　[句意：该品牌于1848年诞生于乌镇，由于其鸭产品独特的味道而受欢迎。设空处表示“原因”，故用介词for。]
2．This meeting room is a non­smoking area.I would like to warn you
advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
in　[句意：这个会议室是禁烟区。我想提前警告你，如果你吸烟，你会被罚款的。固定表达in advance预先，提前。]
3．(2019·河北五个一名校联盟第二次联考)Do you want to keep up
the latest research and discoveries in science?
with　[句意：你想跟上最新的科学研究和发现吗？keep up with sth.为固定短语，意为“跟上，不落在……后边”，故填with。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
4．(2019·福建福州八中高三质检)My experience has taught me that only if we attach great importance with cooperation, can we go beyond ourselves.
with→to　[attach importance to意为“重视……”，为固定搭配。]
5．(2019·江西南昌调研)Under his help, we have learned immediately how to analyze and settle problems.
Under→With　[with one's help为固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下”，故将Under改为With。]

高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查，介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有：
1．与名词的搭配
at a time每次，一次　　　 at a loss 困惑，不知所措
at first sight乍一看 at table在吃饭
by mistake错误地 by the way顺便说
in charge主管，看管 in return作为回报
in turn依次，转而 in shape健康状况良好
in trouble 处于困境中 on purpose故意地
on holiday在度假 in time及时，迟早
on time准时 on average 平均
in honour of为了纪念…… in place of代替
in memory of为纪念…… in addition to 除了
by hand 手工 on the contrary与此相反
on account of 由于 on behalf of 代表
approach to ……的方法 visit to 到……的访问
for the sake of为了 by means of 借助
the reason for ……的原因 lack of 缺乏……
by accident/chance 偶然
beyond one's reach够不着
in advance在前头，事先，预先
in the long run从长远来看
beyond description 无法形容
out of breath/balance上气不接下气/失去平衡
to one's surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是
under construction/consideration在建设/考虑
at the cost of 以……为代价
in support/favor of支持，支援
in terms/view of鉴于，根据
for the purpose of 为了……目的
for the benefit of为了……的利益
on the way to在去……的路上
on the basis of 以……为基础
2．与动词的搭配
answer for 对……负责 apply for申请
call at 拜访(地点) refer to 谈到；涉及；查阅
result from 由于 suffer from遭受
approve of赞成 complain of 抱怨
consist of 由……组成 dream of 梦到
think of 想起；考虑到 call on 拜访(某人)
depend/rely on 依靠 result in/lead to导致
belong to 属于 date from/back to 追溯到
keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做……
protect...from 保护……不受伤害
succeed in 在……方面成功
3．与形容词的搭配
be aware of 意识到 be proud of 以……为荣
be tired of厌倦
be angry with sb.对……生气
be eager for 渴望 be absent from 缺席
be ashamed of对……感到羞耻
be sure of 对……有信心；确信
be familiar with sth.熟悉……
be familiar to sb.为……所熟悉
be patient with 对……有耐心
be pleased/satisfied with 对……满意
be popular with sb.受……欢迎
be strict with sb.对……严格
be addicted to 对……上瘾；沉溺于
be available to 对……可用；可供……使用
be beneficial to 对……有益处
be devoted to 致力于，献身于
be similar to 与……相似
be confident in 对……有信心
be anxious about/for 忧虑，担心
be crazy about 热衷；着迷
be curious about 对……好奇
be particular about 挑剔
be suitable for/to适合于
4．其他搭配
far from 远非 once in a while 偶尔
up to 达到；由……决定 in spite of 尽管；虽然
after all 毕竟，终究
ahead of (时间，空间)在……前面；领先
5．易错用的介词
with the help of在……的帮助下
under the leadership of在……的领导下
the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章
a hole in the wall 墙上的洞
a bird in the tree树上的鸟
apples on the tree树上的苹果
tickets for the concert音乐会的票
in the direction of朝着……的方向
set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样
【技法点拨】
在语法填空中：
1．“是否宾语”作依据
介词必须要接宾语，宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或what从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语，则要考虑填介词。
2．“四种方法”来确定所填介词
(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系；
(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法；
(3)根据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without；
(4)根据介词与动词等的搭配。
[易错提醒]　在短文改错中：
1．熟练掌握介词的基本用法，即介词后用名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子作宾语。解题时，观察句中是否有这一类词，以此确定所改词是否是介词；或句子中介词是否缺失或多余，以便添加或删除。
2．观察句中名词、动词、形容词等的前后的搭配，然后根据介词与它们的搭配来判断是否误用，还是多词或漏词，解题的关键是掌握一些固定搭配和固定短语。
3．检查副词前是否多加了介词。


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)Marie Paule Kieny is the U．N. Agency's Assistant Director General. She said，“Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out treatment options.”She urged governments to give drug companies reasons to develop new treatments.
of　[考查介词。固定搭配run out of意为“用完”，故填介词of。]
2．(2019·成都第二次诊断)Bear mind that some broths like the tomato, mushroom or northern style will not be on offer at every restaurant.
in　[考查介词。bear (sth.) in mind意为“记住某事”，为固定搭配，故用介词in。]
3．(2019·北京东城区期末)It is said that Mary earns eight dollars
hour as babysitter.
an; a　[第一空指每小时，且hour的发音以元音音素开头，故用an；第二空表示泛指，且babysitter的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。]
4．(2019·福建厦门质检)Although the experiment turned out to be
failure, we decided to try second time.
a；a　[第一空为抽象名词具体化，故应填不定冠词，表示“一件失败的事”；第二空在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再一，又一”。]
5．(2019·西安一中模拟)The university started some new language programs to cater the country's Silk Road Economic Belt.
for　[句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带。固定表达cater for迎合，满足所需。]
6．(2019·广东五校二联)Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage the opportunity to join sports teams.
of　[考查动词短语。句意：父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用。]
7．(2019·山东济南一中模拟) small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle e­waste responsibly represents progress toward making the world cleaner, better place for us all.
The; a　[第一个空格后面有定语of cities and corporations，所以特指这些城市和公司的数量，故填the；第二个空指由于这些负责任的公司和城市努力解决电子垃圾问题，所以使得世界成为一个更加清洁，更加美好的地方，强调“一个”的意义，故填a。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·哈六中模拟)I'll be free from December 18 and will have a plenty of time to be together with you.
去掉a　[plenty of为固定搭配，没有a，故去掉a，既可修饰可数名词复数也可修饰不可数名词。]
2．(2019·河北保定模拟)In the Spring Festival, my family and I went to Beijing and had different holiday.
different前加a　[holiday为可数名词单数，其前有形容词修饰，但缺少限定词。根据语境可知，此处holiday为泛指，故应在different前加a。]
3．(2019·山东威海模拟)Last Sunday, it was my father's funny day. After supper, my father went to see the film.
the→a　[根据语境可知，此处的电影是首次出现，故应用不定冠词表泛指概念。]
4．(2019·福建三明调研)Instead of the traditional impressions of high­pressure Asian schools, with rows of heads buried by books, the students are trying different approaches to learning.
by→in　[be buried in “埋头于……”是一个固定词组。故将by改为in。句意：亚洲学校学生们不再是传统的埋头于书中的印象，他们现在正在尝试使用不同的方法来进行学习。]
5．(2019·日照联考)It will start from June 15th in next month and last three weeks.
去掉in　[考查介词。“next month”在句中作状语，其前不用介词，故去掉in。]

Ⅰ.语法填空
(2019·平顶山一模)As you know, science plays 1． very important role in our education. Do you want to keep up 2. the latest research and discoveries in science? There are many good websites 3. you can check out the latest in the science world.
One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news 4.
(cover) a wide range of subjects. The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site 5. (suit) for them as well. Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day, 6． (call) Science Daily. The site is 7． (constant) updated with news, often about exciting 8. (finding) that change how we view the world.
These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they 9.
(post) earlier. That way you can find articles just about anything that 10.
(be) related to the science fields you are interested in.
1．a　[考查冠词。play an important role in...为固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)”，因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的very，故填冠词a。]
2．with　[考查介词。你想跟上科技的最新研究和发现吗？keep up with为固定结构，意为“跟上，不落在……后面”。 ]
3．where　[考查定语从句。先行词为websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，相当于on which。]
4．covering　[考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，该句中已经有谓语动词(reports)，提示词cover和其所修饰的名词news之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用cover的v.­ing形式作后置定语，在此相当于which covers。]
5．suitable　[考查形容词。这里构成“find＋宾语＋形容词(宾补)”结构，所以用suit的形容词形式。]
6．is called　[考查动词的语态和时态。“我”每天查看的另一个精彩的网站被称作Science Daily。one that I check out every day是主语Another wonderful site的同位语，且主语和call构成动宾关系，再结合全文的时态，确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。]
7．constantly　[考查副词。修饰动词updated，作状语，故用副词。]
8．findings　[考查名词的数。finding为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且定语从句中谓语动词为“change”，为复数概念，所以应用复数形式。]
9．posted　[考查动词的时态。这里指的是the past articles(以前的文章)，也就是说是以前发布的，所以用一般过去时。]
10．is　[考查主谓一致。关系代词that指代的是先行词anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填is。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2019·兰州实战模拟)Yesterday we went to Happiness Nursing House to help the old people.We set out earlier in the morning and brought them lots gifts.When we arrived，we were warmly welcome by them.First we introduced myself.Then we were making dumplings together with the old，talking and laugh.After lunch，we performed and sang songs with them happy.Finally all the old people say goodbye to us at the gate.We were very happy because of we did a good deed.I think this necessary for us teenagers to learn what to respect and take care of others，especially，the old.
【答案】　
Yesterday we went to Happiness Nursing House to help the old people.We set out in the morning and brought them lots gifts.When we arrived，we were warmly by them.First we introduced .Then we were making dumplings together with the old，talking and .After lunch，we performed and sang songs with them .Finally all the old people goodbye to us at the gate.We were very happy because we did a good deed.I think necessary for us teenagers to learn to respect and take care of others，especially，the old.