2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第1编Book8Unit3　Inventorsandinventions

Unit 3　Inventors and inventions



1.Seeing our model plane flying overhead steadily, they couldn't_help_clapping their hands, which_made_us_have_a_sense_of_achievement.
看到我们的模型飞机在上方平稳飞行，他们情不自禁拍手祝贺，这使我们有一种成就感。
2.Seeing_our_excellent_performance,_they couldn't help cheering us up, which_brought_us_a_sense_of_satisfaction.
看到我们的精彩表演，他们情不自禁为我们欢呼，这使我们产生一种满足感。
3.Only_through_this_experience_did_I_realize that pride and satisfaction came from putting our creative ideas into practice.
只有通过这次经历，我才认识到自豪和满足来自于我们把自己的创意变为现实。
4.Ever_since the first prehistoric stone tools, humans have lived in a world shaped by invention.
自从史前第一批石器开始，人类就生活在一个由发明塑造的世界里。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)distinguish (vi.& vt.) 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→distinguished (adj.) 杰出的；著名的
(2)merciful (adj.) 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→mercy (n.) 宽恕；仁慈
(3)convenient (adj.) 便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience (n.) 方便；便利→conveniently (adv.) 便利地；方便地
(4)caution (n.) 小心；谨慎→cautious (adj.) 小心的；谨慎的→cautiously (adv.) 小心地；谨慎地
(5)expectation (n.) 预料；期待；期望→expect (vt.) 期待；期望→unexpected (adj.) 想不到的；意外的→unexpectedly (adv.) 出乎意料地
(6)seize (vt.) 抓住；捉住；夺
(7)file (n.) 文件；档案；文件夹 (vt.) 提交；将……归档
(8)freezing (adj.) 冰冻的；严寒的→freeze (v.) 冰冻→frozen (adj.) 冷冻的
(9)bear (vt.) 忍受；忍耐；负担
(10)tap (vt.& vi.) 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 (n.) 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头
(11)associate (vt.) 联想；联系 (n.) 同伴；伙伴→association (n.) 协会；社团；联合；联想

Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)product (n.) 产品
(2)abrupt (adj.) 突然的；意外的
(3)passive (adj.) 被动的；消极的；被动语态的
(4)merry (adj.) 愉快的；高兴的
(5)ripe (adj.) 熟的；成熟的
(6)innocent (adj.) 清白的；无罪的；天真的
(7)jam (n.) 堵塞；阻塞；果酱
(8)current (n.) (水或气)流；电流 (adj.) 现在的；当前的
(9)stable (adj.) 稳固的；稳定的；安定的
(10)practical (adj.) 实际的；实践的；实用的

　[单句语法填空]
1.Ordered over a week ago, the books ________ (expect) to arrive any time now.
答案：are expected
2.The bus came to an ________ (abruptly) stop, making many passengers fall off their seats.
答案：abrupt
3.The car is a ________ (convenience) means of transport, but we have made it our way of life.
答案：convenient
4.Your suggestion sounds reasonable and ________ (practice).
答案：practical

5.When the ice is heated above ________ (freeze) point, it begins to change into a liquid state.
答案：freezing
6.He is a ________ (caution) man and is always doing things with caution.
答案：cautious
7.There is much ________ (associate) between success and hard work.
答案：association
8.The king showed no ________ (merciful) and killed the prisoners.
答案：mercy
9.He was one of Australia's most ________ (distinguish) artists.
答案：distinguished
10.________ (product) has dropped while prices and unemployment have risen.
答案：Production

联想积累
1.表示“抓住”的相关词语一览
①seize vt. 抓住；捉住　　②catch vt. 抓住；接住
③grasp vt. 抓住；掌握 ④catch hold of 抓住
⑤get hold of 抓住
2.“社会交往”之“警告、提醒、禁止、要求与命令”
①caution 小心 ②cautious 小心的
③attention 注意 ④forbid 禁止
⑤ban 禁止 ⑥remind 提醒
⑦warn 警告 ⑧be aware of 意识到
⑨look out 当心 ⑩take care 小心
⑪watch out 当心；注意
⑫claim 声张；声称；自称；断言
⑬command 命令；控制
⑭demand 要求
⑮force 强迫 ⑯order 命令
⑰request 请求 ⑱require 要求


1.call_up　　　　　给……打电话
2.now_and_then 偶尔；有时
3.set_about 开始；着手
4.dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5.set_out_(to_do) 开始(做)
6.hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
7.out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障
8.get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过
9.ring back 回复电话
10.ring off 挂断电话

　[选词填空]
ring off， now and then， out of order， get through， set out， hang on
1.Having made up his mind, Frank ________ to carry out the plan immediately.
答案：set out
2.My grandfather still plays tennis ________， even though he's in his nineties.
答案：now and then
3.It is love and responsibility that have driven him to ________ many hardships and survive.
答案：get through
4.I'm sorry, but I've to ________ now. I have a meeting to attend.
答案：ring off
5.________ to your present job until you can get another.
答案：Hang on
6.My clock was ________ and woke me up at 3 this morning.
答案：out of order

联想积累
1.“有时”词汇全接触
①now and then
②now and again
③from time to time
④once in a while
⑤sometimes
⑥at times
2.表示“开始/着手做某事”的短语精选
①get down to doing sth.
②set out to do sth.
③set about doing sth.
④settle down to sth.
⑤start/begin doing/to do sth.

课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
seem “似乎……，好像……”，构成句式如下：
①主语＋seem (＋to be)＋形容词；
②主语＋seem as if(＝as though) ...；
③seem to do/to have done/to be doing；
④It seems that ...；⑤there seems to be ...等。
Unfortunately, ______________________ with my phone, which makes it impossible for me to use it any more.
不幸的是，我的电话似乎有毛病了。我不能再使用它了。
2.... but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Waston.
……但是贝尔是在五天后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。
not until的强调句式：①用于强调句型，即It is/was ＋not until ... that ...；②not until置于句首，主句需用倒装语序，即“not until＋从句＋主句(助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＋谓语……)”结构。
It was __________________ that I realized I had left the bag in the classroom.
(＝Not until I arrived home did I realize I had left the bag in the classroom.)
直到我回到家，我才意识到把书包忘在教室里了。

答案：1.there seemed to be something wrong　2.not until I arrived home

直击重点 突破考点

①distinguish　vi.& vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨认；辨别(P20)

(1)单句语法填空
①Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish ________ right and wrong.
②It's important to distinguish reality ________ dreams.
答案：①between　②from
(2)单句写作
Over the next few years he ____________________ a leading scholar.
在接下来的几年里，他作为一名著名学者而声名远扬。
答案：distinguished himself as/was distinguished as


(1)distinguish between A and B 区分A和B
distinguish ... from ... 把……与……区分开来
distinguish oneself (as ...)(作为……)而出名
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be distinguished for ... 因……而出名
be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名

②caution　n. 小心；谨慎(P20)

单句语法填空
①Evidence given by convicted criminals should always be treated ________ the utmost caution.
②He was very cautious ________ committing himself to anything.
③She looked ________ (cautious) around and then walked away from the house.
答案：①with　②about　③cautiously

(1)with caution 小心地
(2)cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的
be cautious about (doing) sth. ... 对(做)……小心谨慎
(3)cautiously adv. 小心谨慎地

③bear　vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担；带有；带有(标记或特征)；生(孩子)；结果实(P24)

(1)单句语法填空
Always bear in mind ________ your determination is more important than anything.
答案：that
(2)写出下列句子中bear的含义
①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？________
②He can't bear being laughed at in public.________
③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.________
④Some of the newly－planted apple trees have also begun to bear.________
答案：①负担；承担　②忍受　③生育　④结出果实

(1)bear/stand doing/to do sth. 忍受做某事
put up with sth. 容忍某事
(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事
bear in mind that ... 记住……
bear a heavy burden 肩负重担
bear responsibility 承担责任

④associate　vt. 联想；联系　n. 同伴；伙伴(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①I don't like you ________ (associate) with those people.
②Readers will associate themselves closely ________ what happens in the news stories.
答案：①associating　②with
(2)单句写作
①It is very important __________________ those who have a positive effect on you.
和对你有积极影响的人接触非常重要。
②We are working __________________ a local company to raise money for the homeless.
我们和当地一家公司合作为无家可归者筹款。
答案：①to associate with　②in association with

(1)associate ... with ... 使……与……联系起来
associate with sb. 与某人交往/联系
be associated with 与……有关
(2)association n. 联合；联想；协会；社团
in association with 与……联合/有关联

①call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起(P20)

(1)单句语法填空
The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call ________ to discuss various issues.
答案：up
(2)单句写作
①The picture ________________ memories of her childhood.
这张照片唤起了她童年的记忆。
②At that time, we saw so many people were taking an active part in an activity ________________ people to protect the environment.
那时，我们看到很多人在积极参加一项活动，号召人们保护环境。
答案：①calls up/called up　②calling on


(1)call at 拜访(某个地点)
call off 取消；放弃
call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召
call for 呼吁；要求；需要；去接(某人)
call out 大声地说出；召集
call in 召集；召来
(2)ring/call back 回复电话
ring off/hang up 挂断电话
give sb. a ring/call 给某人打电话
(3)hang/hold on 不挂断电话

②set about 开始；着手(P20)

(1)单句语法填空
①That evening he set about ________ (write) a report on population.
②The sooner we set ________ it, the sooner we'll finish it.
答案：①writing　②about
(2)单句写作
Upon arrival, we ____________ to work immediately. Some were busy digging holes. Some were involved in carrying and planting young trees.
一到达，我们马上开始工作。一些人忙于挖树坑，而另一些人忙着搬运或者植树。
答案：set out

set about sth./doing sth.＝set out to do sth. 开始/着手做某事
set out 出发，启程
set off 出发，动身；使爆炸
set aside 留出；对……不予以考虑
set down 记下，写下
set up 建立，开办；创立；竖起；安装；安排

③get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过(P26)

写出下列句中get through的含义
①I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.________
②I couldn't get through to her because her phone was busy all day.________
③She found writing helped her get through the rough days.________
④I've got through the driving test recently.________
答案：①(设法)完成　②打通电话　③渡过　④通过

(1)get across (使)被理解；(把……)讲清楚
get along/on with sb. 与某人相处融洽；进展
get away with sth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚
get down to sth./doing sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事
get over 克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来
(2)go through 经历；检查
look through 浏览；快速查看
live through 活过……；经过……之后仍然活着

①[教材原句]The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.(P20)
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。

(1)单句语法填空
①Most of the people ________ (invite) to the party were famous scientists.
②The ________ (injure) workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
答案：①invited　②injured
(2)单句写作
①We must adapt our thinking to the ________ conditions.
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
②Learning that you'll participate in the program, The Reader, ________ by our school, I'm writing to share some of my ideas.
听说你打算参加学校举行的《朗读者》节目，我写信给你分享一些我的想法。
答案：①changed　②held

designed to kill snakes为过去分词短语作定语。单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完
成意义。过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。

②[教材原句]Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.(P21)
只有你得到那种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。


单句写作
①Only then ______________ the importance of what the teacher had said.
只有在那时，我才认识到老师教导的重要性。
②Only from your vivid description ______________ a better understanding of Chinese culture.
正是从你生动的讲解中，我才对中国文化有了更好的了解。
③Only when you use it __________________ the importance of learning Chinese.
只有在用到的时候，你才能够认识到学习汉语的重要性。
答案：①did I realize　②did I have　③can you realize


“only＋状语”位于句首时，其后句子用部分倒装形式。此处状语包括状语从句、介词短语、副词。

“only＋主语”位于句首时不倒装。

课文回练 升华运用
When the writer called up her mother in the countryside on the telephone, she __1__ (learn) that snakes came near the house and that the snakes seemed to have made their home near their house. __2__ (hear) this, the writer felt very proud and considered it a chance for her to distinguish __3__ (she) by inventing something merciful __4__ would catch snakes but not harm them.
She set about __5__ (research) the habits of snakes in order to find the easiest way __6__ (trap) them. She decided to cool them so that they could be __7__ (easy) caught. However, her first two plans were not successful. She clearly realized that she needed to improve her design again. As a result, she succeeded __8__ third attempt. She was __9__ delighted that she was determined to send her __10__ (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.learned/learnt　2.Hearing　3.herself　4.that 　5.researching　6.to trap　7.easily　8.a　9.so　10.invention

基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Some people say that classical music ________ (associate) only with old people.
答案：is associated　be associated with ... “与……有关”。
2.Though we are living a better life, I can't bear ________ (see) food thrown away.
答案：seeing/to see　can't bear doing/to do ... “不能忍受做某事”。
3.What was it that distinguished her ________ her classmates？
答案：from　distinguish ... from ... “把……与……区分/辨别开”。
4.We must always bear in mind ________ China is a big country with a huge population.
答案：that　bear in mind that ... “记住……”。
5.The service offers young people ________ (practice) advice on finding a job.
答案：practical　此处应用形容词修饰其后的名词advice。practical “实用的；实际的；实践的”。
6.We all have an ________ (expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.
答案：expectation　由空格前的冠词可知应填名词。
7.In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and ________ (seize) opportunities can one succeed.
答案：seizing　该句为“only＋状语”位于句首引起倒装的句式。face与seize为and连接的两个并列成分，且均作by的宾语，故由facing可知应填seizing。
8.It was not until he went through real hardship ________ he realized the love we had for our families was important.
答案：that　本句是含有not until的强调句型。其构成是“it is/was not until ... that ...”。
9.She ________ (tap) me on the shoulder but I didn't feel it.
答案：tapped　由but连接并列成分可知，设空处动词在句中作谓语；且后面并列句的谓语为didn't ...，所以空格处也应用一般过去时，应填tapped。
10.Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
答案：bought　过去分词短语在句中作后置定语修饰goods。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.What's more, surfing on the Internet ______________ (有时) can help us with our foreign language studies.
答案：now and then
2.As ________________ (杰出的专家), you are expected to give us a lecture on Chinese history.
答案：a distinguished expert
3.Hardly had we arrived at the destination when we ____________ to work.
我们一到达目的地，就开始工作。
答案：set out
4._______________________________________________________________
直到毕业后，我才认识到参加课外活动给我们带来的益处。(not until ...)
答案：Not until after graduation did I realize the benefit that taking part in after­class activities brought to us.
5.______________________________________________________________
如果您方便的话，能否给我们分享您对阅读策略的看法？
答案：If it is convenient for you, would you like to share your idea about reading strategies？
Ⅲ.语法填空
The former Swiss Air Force fighter pilot, Yves Rossy is also an __1__ (invent). The other day, he jumped from a plane over Calais, France and flew 200 mph __2__ (cross) the English Channel in 13 minutes before landing in Dover, England.

Earlier this year he unfolded the wings on his back and __3__ (fly) 186 mph (300 kilometers) above the Swiss Alps.
Using four small jet engines __4__ (attach) to his carbon fiber wings, he climbed at 200 ft per minute before carrying out a series of turns for __5__ crowd of reporters watching from a mountain top.
The particular show was the first public expectation of his latest invention, __6__ he spent five years developing.
“It __7__ (be) absolute freedom，” says Rossy.
The inventor says his 120 lb Jetman suit will __8__ (final) be available to the public but it's still—in a few years' away.
The flight __9__ the English Channel was his second public show. He is planning his next flight through the Grand Canyon.
“My first flight in the US is sure to be one of the most memorable experiences in my life, not only for the complete beauty of the Grand Canyon but the honor __10__ (fly) in our Native American lands，” said Rossy.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了发明家和飞行员Yves Rossy乘飞行器飞越一个又一个海峡和峡谷的事迹。
1.inventor　考查词性转换。用在冠词an后面，用名词形式。
2.crossing　考查非谓语动词。此处用作状语，表示伴随，且逻辑主语he与cross之间为主动关系，故用crossing。
3.flew　考查动词的时态。and连接与前面“unfolded”并列的成分，所以用一般过去时。
4.attached　考查非谓语动词。be attached to “附在……上”。此处用作后置定语，所以用过去分词形式。
5.a　考查冠词。a crowd of “一群”。
6.which　考查定语从句的引导词。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，指代先行词invention。
7.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。用在直接引语中，表达自己的看法，用一般现在时。主语是it，故用is。
8.finally　考查词性转换。修饰be 动词用副词形式。
9.over　考查介词。over表示“在……之上；越过”。
10.to fly　考查非谓语动词。在名词“the honor”后面作定语，用动词不定式形式。
Ⅳ.短文改错
School English Drama Club was selecting actors and actresses for the drama The Million Pound Bank Note. It is famous short story writing by the American author Mark Twain. The selection, that is in the charge of Mr Smith, will be made at the school hall in July 20th, 2019.
Any student at our school who meets with the following criteria will be offered a chance to become an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and interested performances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More important, he or she should have read the short story and is familiar with the whole story.
Thank you for your attentions.
答案：
School English Drama Club selecting actors and actresses for the drama The Million Pound Bank Note. It is famous short story by the American author Mark Twain. The selection, is in the charge of Mr Smith, will be made at the school hall July 20th, 2019.
Any student at our school who meets the following criteria will be offered a chance to become an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and performances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More ， he or she should have read the short story and familiar with the whole story.
Thank you for your .
难项分析：
第三处：writing→written　考查非谓语动词。story与write之间为被动关系，故此处需用过去分词作后置定语，表示“由Mark Twain所著/所写”。
第四处：that→which　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The selection。注意：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
第九处：is→be　考查情态动词的用法。and连接的两个并列成分均位于情态动词should后，需用动词原形，故此处将is改为be。

课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2020·黄冈市高三质量检测)One of the things that makes your smart­phone so smart is that if you pull it out in the sun, it senses that—and dials up the screen brightness to compensate. But it's not a perfect solution.
“First of all, it's still not bright enough—you have to remember how respectable sunlight is.” said Shin­Tson Wu, a physicist at the University of Central Florida. The other problem, he says of the brightened screen, is it kills the battery. So Wu and colleagues have produced a battery­sparing alternative: an anti­reflective screen­coating, based on the eyes of moths. “Nature is so rich! We can learn a lot from nature.” The thing Wu and others have learned about moth eyes, is that they're uneven, dotted with tiny projections. That uneven surface reduces the reflection of light off their eyes—thought to help the bugs escape predators (捕食者), and see better in low light. So Wu and his team built a similar surface with tiny dimples (凹), to cut down on glare. He says the dimpled coating could improve the readability of a screen by five to 10 times, compared to a normal smart­phone screen. The details are in the journal Optica.
The tech hasn't been commercialized yet, and that could take a few years, which gives researchers time to take advantage of another property of these surfaces: they're flexible, meaning the possibility of bendable displays. Combine that with the bendy batteries we reported on in a recent podcast (播客), and it looks the smart­phones of the future could be set for a real transformation.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。飞蛾眼睛的凹凸不平激发了研究者开发一种未来可能会变形的手机屏幕。
1.Why do the researchers develop the anti­reflective screen­coating？
A.To brighten the screen.
B.To make profits.
C.To take in the sunlight.
D.To save the use of battery.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The other problem, he says of the brightened screen, is it kills the battery. So Wu and colleagues have produced a battery­sparing alternative: an anti­reflective screen­coating.”可知为了节约电池的使用而开发的这种抗反射屏幕涂层。
2.What inspired the invention of the screen？
A.The predators.
B.The reflection of light.
C.The eyes of moths.
D.The smooth surface.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So Wu and colleagues have produced ... based on the eyes of moths.”可知是飞蛾的眼睛激发了研究者的灵感。
3.How does the screen work？
A.It helps bugs escape.
B.It slows down reading.
C.The smooth surface protects our eyes.
D.The rough surface decreases the reflection of light.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第三、四句“That uneven surface reduces the reflection of light off their eyes—thought to help the bugs escape predators (捕食者), and see better in low light. So Wu and his team built a similar surface with tiny dimples (凹), to cut down on glare.”可知是这种手机屏幕凹凸不平的表面减少了光的反射。
4.What do the researchers expect of the screen？
A.It'll transform itself.
B.It'll be environment­friendly.
C.It'll reach consumers soon.
D.It'll be powered by recyclable batteries.
答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“they're flexible, meaning the possibility of bendable displays”可推知，研究者期望这款屏幕能够变形。

(2020·河北衡水中学高三第一次联考)The world's first hydrogen­powered trains have begun running in Germany. They begancarrying passengers Monday in Germany's northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100­kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.
A French railroad company called Alstom built the two trains. Team in Germany andFrance cooperated on the project, which was supported by the German government. The new train model, called the Coradia iLint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution­producing diesel (柴油) trains.
The Coradia iLint is designed to run on non­electrified train lines with low levels of noise.
It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam.
A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometers. This is very similar to the distance a diesel­powered train can run on with a single tank.
Hydrogen­powered trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company plans to provide another 14 Coradia iLint trains to Lower Saxony by 2021.
The head of railroad operations in the area, Carmen Schwabl, praised replacing diesel trains with hydrogen. She said the move was an important first step in using clean­burning technologies to reach climate protection goals.
Officials say the area's many wind turbines (涡轮机) will produce part of the energy to create the hydrogen to power the trains.
Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in developing hydrogen train systems. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2022.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的氢动力火车。
5.Why did Germany build the new trains？
A.To replace diesel trains.
B.To carry more passengers.
C.To make traveling much easier.
D.To develop friendship with France.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据文中第二段最后一句可知，建造新型火车的目的是move away from pollution­producing diesel (柴油) trains，故选择A。
6.What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint？
A.It runs without making any noise.
B.It doesn't use electrical power.
C.It costs much less to run.
D.It is cheaper to make it.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据文中倒数第四段中的“the operating costs are much lower”可知，氢动力火车的运行成本更低，故答案为C。
7.It can be concluded that hydrogen trains ________.
A.are widely used
B.are environmentally friendly
C.can stop air pollution
D.can produce water and oxygen
答案：B　推理判断题。由文中第四段最后一句话可知，新型氢动力火车的排放物只是水和蒸汽，所以是环保的，故B为正确答案。
8.What might be the best title for the text？
A.Saving Natural Resources
B.Efforts to Reduce Emissions
C.World's First Hydrogen Trains
D.A New Way to Make Electricity
答案：C　标题判断题。本文主要介绍的是一种新型的氢动力火车的研制及其特点，故C 项符合文章大意，最适合作标题。
Ⅱ.七选五
You have some great ideas. But they don't come out because of what your friends say or because you think that only a few people can be creative geniuses (天才). And, you, of course, think that you couldn't be one of them. 　1　
Anyone who is a creative genius will tell you that creativity is very much like a muscle that needs to be developed. 　2　 On the other hand, keep working at it, and this skill will soon be ready for action whenever you need it. So how do you develop your own personal style of creative thinking？
You should realize that your brain has a greater capacity (容量) and a higher speed than the world's biggest and fastest computer. 　3　 Read, watch and listen to everything around you—good and bad. The more you know, the more you'll want to know, and the more your brain will be exercised.
Try something new every day. 　4　 You need to step out of your comfort zone (舒适地带) more and more each day.
Follow these suggestions, and begin thinking beyond your “limits” from today. 　5　 Who knows, your idea might be the next great idea to change the world.
A.But actually, this is not true at all.
B.Your constructive ideas should be accepted by others.
C.So it's important to get as much information as you can every day.
D.You'll soon have a life full of interesting and exciting adventures.
E.A good social environment can influence your creative thinking positively.
F.Let your experiences show you more about the world and people around you.
G.If you don't learn how to develop creative thinking, this skill, just like a muscle, will become poor and useless.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者就如何培养创造性思维给出了有效的建议。
1.A　设空处前面提到人们因为朋友说的话或者他们自己觉得只有少数人才能成为具有创造力的天才而使自己的想法没有为大家所知。下文主要阐述了一些可以提高创造性思维的方法，因此，空处应该选一个承上启下的句子，故A项“但是实际上，这种想法一点儿都不对。”符合语境。
2.G　设空处前一句将创造力比喻成需要被锻炼的肌肉，G项中的“like a muscle”与前文相呼应和承接，另结合句意，可确定G项符合语境。
3.C　该段最后一句表述你知道的东西越多，你想知道的就会越多，你的大脑就越会得到锻炼。结合设空后下一句说明各种了解信息的方法可推知C项“因此，每天得到尽可能多的信息是很重要的”符合语境。
4.F　设空处前一句提到每天要尝试新事物，而F项“你的经历让你了解有关你周围的世界和人的更多信息”正是这样做的结果。
5.D　由设空处前文中的“begin thinking beyond your ‘limits’ from today”和后文中的“your idea might be the next great idea to change the world”可知，D项“你将很快拥有一种充满趣味且令人兴奋的刺激生活”符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·安徽省合肥市八校高三第一次联考)China's research icebreaker Xuelong, __1__ 126 crew members aboard on the 35th Antarctic research mission, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on __2__ (it) way back to China.
Snow Eagle 601, China's first fixed­wing aircraft for polar flight, on Thursday night also departed from the Antarctic after __3__ (complete) all assignments.
Xuelong, __4__ arrived near Zhongshan on Feb. 9, supplied the station with fuel oil, and then picked up summer expedition team members at the Kunlun, Taishan and Zhongshan stations, as well as __5__ (member) of the fixed­wing aircraft project.
Sixteen members of the Kunlun team __6__ (previous) completed all scientific expeditions at Dome Argus (Dome A), the South Pole's highest icecap. They, together with 21 members of the Taishan team, __7__ (return) to Zhongshan on Feb. 8.
The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bed rock, atmospheric sounding __8__ (observe), surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixed­wing aircraft.
As the summer expedition team at Zhongshan left, 19 members would stay for winter expeditions.
Also __9__ (know) as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on Nov. 2 last year, beginning __10__ country's 35th Antarctic expedition. It is expected to arrive in Shanghai in mid­March.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了雪龙号科考船在南极的科考经历。
1.with　考查介词。句意：中国的“雪龙”号破冰船于当地时间周四离开中山站，返回中国，船上共有126名船员执行第35次南极考察任务。with “和；同；跟”，符合语境，故填with。
2.its　考查代词。修饰名词way用形容词性物主代词，on one's way back为固定搭配，意为“在某人回来的路上”。故填its。
3.completing　考查非谓语动词。句意：中国首架极地飞行固定翼飞机“雪鹰601”周四晚也在完成所有任务后离开南极。介词after后跟动名词作介词的宾语。故填completing。
4.which　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：雪龙于2月9日抵达中山附近，为该站提供燃油。which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰Xuelong，又因从句缺少主语。故填which。
5.members　考查名词。句意：随后又在昆仑、泰山和中山站接回了夏季考察队队员，以及固定翼飞机项目的队员。根据常识可知，队员肯定不止一个。故填members。
6.previously　考查词性转换。句意：昆仑探险队的16名队员先前在南极最高冰盖穹顶阿古斯(穹顶A)完成了所有科学考察。修饰动词 completed应使用副词形式，故填previously。
7.returned　考查动词的时态。句意：他们和21名泰山队队员于2月8日返回中山。根据时间状语on Feb. 8可知应用一般过去时，故填returned。
8.observation　考查词性转换。句意：中山队完成了激光雷达的安装和试验、冰层岩石的钻探、大气探测观测、鸟类调查和固定翼飞机进行的空中探测等任务。由此处为四个并列的名词短语可知应使用observe的名词形式，故填observation。
9.known　考查非谓语动词。句意：也被称为“雪龙”号的破冰船去年11月2日从上海启航。主语the icebreaker和动词know是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，known as为固定搭配，意为“被称为……”。故填known。
10.the　考查冠词。句意：开始了中国第35次南极考察。此处表示特指，故填定冠词the。
Ⅳ.书面表达
假如你是李华，你的笔友John听说你校将在下周举办学生发明展，他来信询问活动安排，请根据以下提示给他回复一封邮件。
1.活动时间和地点；
2.学生发明成果展示，如智能机器人等；
3.活动的意义并希望他有机会来参加活动。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：学生发明展 Students' Invention Exhibition
Dear John，
How are you doing? 　
　
　
　
I am looking forward to your joining us then.
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear_John，
How_are_you_doing? I'm delighted to know that you are interested in the Students' Invention Exhibition, which is scheduled for next week at the Student Center. And I'd like to give you a detailed account of it.
The Students' Invention Exhibition is a joyful occasion where students can bring their favorite inventions such as AI robots to show. It is known to all that recent years have witnessed great achievements in science and technology in our country. Therefore, it will certainly influence our students and make us devote our energy to science, too. I am firmly convinced that the exhibition will not only expose us to scientific knowledge but also inspire our innovative spirit as well.
I_am_looking_forward_to_your_joining_us_then.
Yours，
Li_Hua