2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第1编Book3Unit4　Astronomythescienceofthestars

Unit 4　Astronomy: the science of the stars


1．Last week, a lecture about the total lunar eclipse was_delivered_by Prof. Zhang, attracting a lot of astronomical enthusiasts to attend.
上周张教授做了关于月全食的讲座，吸引了许多天文爱好者参加。
2．A_lecture_about_astronomy_was_delivered last week by our teacher, which_appealed_to lots of teachers and students to attend.
上周我们的老师做了一个关于天文学的讲座，吸引了很多老师和学生来参加。
3．To_help_you_have_a_better_understanding_of_universe,_ Student Union will organize a lecture related to it.
为了帮助你们对宇宙有更进一步的了解，学生会将组织一次相关讲座。
4．To_make_sure_you_have_a_better_idea_about_astronomy,_ Student Union will organize a competition about the related knowledge.
为了保证你对天文学有更进一步的了解，学生会将组织相关知识大赛。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)system (n.) 系统；体系；制度
(2)theory (n.) 学说；理论→theoretical (adj.) 理论上的
(3)violent (adj.) 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence (n.) 暴力→violently (adv.) 猛烈地
(4)unlike (prep.) 与……不同；不像→like (反义词) (prep.& v．) 像；喜欢→dislike (v.& n．) 不喜欢
(5)harmful (adj.) 有害的→harm (n.) 害处 (vt.) 对……有害
(6)exist (vi.) 存在；生存→existence (n.) 存在
(7)puzzle (vt.& vi.) (使)迷惑； (使)为难 (n.) 谜；难题→puzzled (adj.) 迷惑不解的
(8)pull (n.& vt.) 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)religion (n.) 宗教；宗教信仰
(2)billion (pron.& n．& adj.) 〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿
(3)globe (n.) 球体；地球仪；地球
(4)atmosphere (n.) 大气层；气氛
(5)fundamental (adj.) 基本的；基础的
(6)chain (n.) 链子；连锁；锁链
(7)multiply (vi.& vt.) 乘；增加
(8)thus (adv.) 因此；于是
(9)biology (n.) 生物学
(10)gravity (n.) 万有引力；重力
(11)gentle (adj.) 温和的；文雅的
(12)climate (n.) 气候
(13)crash (vi.& vt.) 碰撞；坠落
(14)float (vt.& vi.) (使)浮动 (n.) 漂浮物
　[单句语法填空]
1.Harvard University takes in any outstanding student regardless of ________ (religious), colour or background.
答案：religion
2．Water ________ (exist) in three forms, which are liquid, gas and solid.
答案：exists
3．Some experts think reading is the ________ (fundament) skill upon which school education depends.
答案：fundamental
4．Fruit juice can be ________ (harm) to children's teeth.
答案：harmful
5．There is a lot of rubbish ________ (float) on the surface of the river.
答案：floating

6．What makes me ________ (puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.
答案：puzzled
7．They have the chance to build an outward­looking Europe that lives up to its ________ (globe) responsibilities.
答案：global
8．She got interested in plants and decided to be a ________ (biology)．
答案：biologist　
9．The volcano erupted ________ (violent), yet the village at the foot of it survived.
答案：violently　
10．The man took the little boy ________ (gentle) in his hand and put him up into the tree.
答案：gently

联想积累
1．“太空”单词集锦
①astronomer n. 天文学家　②astronomy n. 天文学
③astronaut n. 宇航员 ④satellite n. 卫星
⑤orbit n. 轨道 ⑥universe n. 宇宙
⑦gravity n. 重力；引力 ⑧spaceship n. 宇宙飞船
⑨planet n. 行星
2．“碰、撞”家族
①hit v. 碰撞；打击 ②crash v. 碰撞；坠落
③bump n．& v. 撞；碰撞(声)
④collide v. 碰撞；相撞
⑤collision n. 撞击；碰撞 ⑥run into 撞上


1．in_time 及时；终于；迟早
2．lay_eggs 下蛋
3．give_birth_to 产生；分娩
4．in_one's_turn 轮到某人
5．prevent ... from 阻止；制止
6．block_out 挡住(光线)
7．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋
8．now that 既然
9．get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解
10．break out 突发；爆发
11．watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防
　[选词填空]
prevent ... from, watch out for, now that, in time, break out, cheer up
1．He climbed the mountain carefully, all the time ________ loose rocks.
答案：watching out for
2．Doctors say many diseases can be ________ spreading by hand washing.
答案：prevented from
3．She's enjoying the job ________ she's got more responsibility.
答案：now that
4．She started as an office junior, and ________ became the director of the whole company.
答案：in time
5．Does everyone know what to do if a fire ________？
答案：breaks out
6．Whenever I encounter difficulties, she will encourage me and help me ________.
答案：cheer up

联想积累
1．动词＋out短语大全
①burst out 大声喊叫；突然(哭，笑……)起来
②go out 外出；不再流行；(灯)熄灭
③put out 熄灭；扑灭；生产
④come out 出来；出版
⑤help out 帮助解决难题(摆脱困境)
⑥look out 留神；注意
⑦watch out 注意；提防
⑧find out 找出；查明
⑨break out 突发；爆发
⑩give out 分发；耗尽，用光，发出(光、热等)
⑪work out 计划，思考；计算出；锻炼身体
⑫run out 用光；耗尽
⑬make out 理解；辨认出
⑭carry out 实行；实施
⑮figure out 理解；弄清楚
2．birth用法小结
①give birth to 分娩；出现；产生
②at birth 在出生时
③by birth 在血统上
④from birth 自出生以来
3．“动词 ... from”表“阻止；禁止”短语
①prevent sb. from doing sth.
②discourage sb. from doing sth.
③stop sb. from doing sth.
④ban sb. from doing sth.
⑤keep sb. from doing sth.


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
倍数的常用表示法：以twice为例，①A is twice as big as B “A是B的两倍大”；②A is twice bigger than B “A比B大一倍”；③A is twice the size of B “A的尺寸是B的两倍大”。三倍以上用“基数词＋ times”。
You devoted __________________ as you did before, so I believe you will succeed this time. 你付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍，所以我相信你这次能成功。
2.“Oh, dear，”I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now that“既然，因为”，引导原因状语从句。
______________ you apply for being the volunteer, you should take on your responsibility. 既然你申请当志愿者，就要承担起责任。

答案：1.three times as much time and energy　2.Now that
直击重点 突破考点

①harmful　adj. 有害的(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①It's important to protect your skin from the ______ (harm) effects of the sun.
②As we all know, a bad eating habit does harm ________ one's health.
答案：①harmful　②to
(2)单句写作
He may not be able to help but ________________ asking him.
他可能帮不了忙，但是求他一下倒也无妨。
答案：there is no harm in

(1)be harmful to 对……有害
(2)harm n．& vt. 伤害；损害
do harm to sb.＝do sb. harm 伤害某人
mean no harm to ... 对……没有恶意
There is no harm in doing ... 不妨做……

②exist　vi. 生存；存在(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①Some species exist ________ this small area of forest and nowhere else on the earth.
②As is known to us, the People's Republic of China came into ________ (exist) as an independent country in 1949.
③The service is available to all __________ (exist) customers.
答案：①in　②existence　③existing
(2)单句改错
There exists different operas in China, such as Yue Opera, Yu Opera, Kunqu Opera, Huangmei Opera, etc.
______________________________________________________________
答案：exists→exist

(1)exist in 存在于……之中
exist on 靠……而生存
There exist(s)/existed ... 某地有……；存在……
(2)existence n. 存在；生存
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
(3)existing adj. 现存的；正在使用的

③puzzle　n. 谜；难题　vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难(P27)

(1)单句语法填空
①Why Lily makes the sachets (香囊) so beautifully is ________ puzzle to me.
②I'm not puzzled ________ why many foreigners are so interested in Chinese kung fu.
③Her ________ (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn't understand what I said.
答案：①a　②about/over　③puzzled
(2)单句改错
The reporters as well as some critics remained puzzling by the election results.
________________________________________________________________
答案：puzzling→puzzled


(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的

④pull　n．& vt. (拉)力；拖；牵引力(P30)

单句写作
①The boss employed ten workers to ____________ the old house.
老板雇用了十个工人拆除那座旧房子。
②They said the operation had been successful and they expected his wife to ______________.
他们说手术很成功，预计他妻子能恢复健康。
③He ______________ in front of the gates.
他把车停在门前。
答案：①pull down　②pull through　③pulled up


pull away (车辆等)驶离；开走
pull in (车辆等)进站；驶向路边停下
pull down 拆除
pull out 拔出；驶出
pull through 恢复健康
pull up (使)停车

①in time 及时；终于(P25)

单句写作
①As the proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off ______________.
常言道，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。
②You'd better do one thing __________________， so that you can concentrate on it.
你最好一次做一件事，这样你就能集中注意力。
③______________________ did anyone involved speak to the press.
任何相关人员都没有向媒体发表过言论。
④We'll be able to finish repairing your car ____________________.
我们很快就能把你的车修好。
答案：①in time　②at a time　③At no time　④in no time


(1)in time for ... 刚好赶上……
in time to do sth. 及时做某事
(2)in no time 立刻；马上
at no time 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
at a time 每次；一次
at one time 曾经；一度
at the same time 同时；然而
from time to time有时；偶尔
(3)take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
kill time 消磨时光

②in one's turn 轮到某人(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
Now the young parents have to take turns ________ (look) after their sick baby.
答案：to look
(2)单句写作
①Theory is based on practice and ________ serves practice.
理论以实践为基础，相应地又服务于实践。
②This week ______________________ raise the national flag and deliver a speech at the flag­raising ceremony in our school.
本周轮到我们在学校升旗仪式上升国旗并发言。
答案：①in turn　②it is our turn to

in turn 依次地；相应地
by turns 轮流地；交替地
take turns to do ... 轮流做……
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了

③break out 突发；爆发(P31)

单句写作
①At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which ______________ at ten this morning.
最终消防员们扑灭了今早十点超市发生的大火。
②More healthy food, or your body will ______________ sooner or later.
多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。
③He ______________ the guard and rushed into the hall.
他挣脱了警卫，冲进了大厅。
答案：①broke out　②break down　③broke away from

break away (from) 摆脱；脱离
break in 闯入；打断
break into 破门而入
break off 断开；中断
break through 突破；克服；战胜
break up 粉碎；解散；(关系)破裂；结束；放假
break down (机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；(化学)分解

①[教材原句]The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.(P25)
地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

(1)单句语法填空
①________ we will go outing or not depends on the weather.
②It is obvious to the students ________ they should get well prepared for their future.
③Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
④I think ________ impresses me about his painting most is the colours he uses.
答案：①Whether　②that　③when　④what
(2)单句改错
Whomever is responsible for this project will be punished.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：Whomever→Whoever


(1)本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether the shape would last or not。
(2)①在复合句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句(Subject Clause)。引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：
a．连词that, whether等；
b．连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；
c．连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever, however, wherever等。
②常用it作形式上的主语
由于主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。比较常见的句型有：
a．It＋be＋形容词(important, likely, possible, clear等)＋主语从句；
b．It＋be＋名词(secret/idea/mystery/pity/pleasure/wonder等)＋主语从句；
c．It＋be＋过去分词(known/said/reported/suggested等)＋主语从句；
d．It＋特殊动词(appear/seem/happen/matter等)＋主语从句。

②[教材原句]This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.(P26)
这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

(1)单句语法填空
①The sun gives off light and warmth, which makes ________ possible for plants to grow.
②They were made ________ (work) day and night in the past.
③While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe ________ (express) opinions and challenge majority views.
④As busy people, we are always looking for ways to save time and make our lives ________ (easy)．
答案：①it　②to work　③to express　④easier
(2)单句改错
They want to make clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：make后加it


(1)本从句是“make it＋形容词/名词＋for sb./sth.＋to do sth.”句型。其中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构。
(2)make＋复合宾语的结构
①make＋it＋形容词/名词＋不定式/从句
②make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
③find, feel, think, leave等动词也有这样的用法。

课文回练 升华运用
No one __1__ (know) exactly how the earth began. According to a __2__ (wide) accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”. The earth __3__ (explode) loudly and produced water vapour and other __4__ (gas) making the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water appeared and stayed __5__ the surface. It was the presence of water that allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas, which made __6__ possible for life to develop. First, the appearance of small plants encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land, __7__ (follow) by land animals. So reptiles appeared for the first time. Later, dinosaurs developed. However, they suddenly disappeared. After that, mammals came into being. Finally, humans __8__ (appear) and spread all over the earth. However, they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, __9__ (make) the earth too hot to live on. So, __10__ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.knows　2.widely　3.exploded　4.gases　5.on　6.it　7.followed　8.appeared　9.making　10.whether

基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
答案：whoever　whoever “无论谁”，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。
2．My relationship with the actors is fundamental ________ my work as a director.
答案：to　be fundamental to ... “是……的基础”。
3．I can say that it is the ________ (violence) film that I have ever seen.
答案：most violent　由“that I have ever seen”可知，此处应用形容词最高级。
4．His last paintings are perhaps the most ________ (puzzle), which even the artists can't make sense of.
答案：puzzling　此处形容词puzzling “令人困惑的”作表语，描述主语paintings的本质特征。
5．There ________ (exist) a good way to solve the problem in geography.
答案：exists　There exists ... “存在……；有……”。
6．As second­hand smoking is ________ (harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.
答案：harmful　此处形容词harmful “有害的”作表语。
7．She bought a heavy curtain ________ (block) out the light.
答案：to block　此处动词不定式短语to block out作目的状语。
8．Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ________， hoping to make his parents less worried.
答案：up　cheer up “(使)感到高兴，(使)振作起来”。
9．Measures have been taken to prevent the river from ________ (pollute)．
答案：being polluted　prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. “阻止某人/某物做某事”，且本句中river和pollute之间是被动关系，故填动名词的被动结构。
10．________ (like) what you supposed, only a few people attended the party, which was disappointing.
答案：Unlike　根据语意可知，“并不像”你所猜测的那样，故填Unlike，引导名词性从句。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．If she __________________ (生下) a boy, she would name it Aihua, meaning “loving China”．
答案：gave birth to
2．__________ (总有一天) you'll appreciate the beauty of this language.
答案：In time
3．Nothing will ______________________ Huangmei Opera.
没有什么能阻止我学习黄梅戏。
答案：prevent me from learning
4．_______________________________________________________________
因为重阳节快要到了，我们打算本周六去敬老院。(now that)
答案：Now that the Double Ninth Festival is around the corner, we decide to visit the nursing home this Saturday.
5．______________________________________________________________
他一想到要参加龙舟赛，心里就高兴起来。
答案：He cheered up at the thought of taking part in the dragon boat race.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Last December my mother and I __1__ (fly) to London. The first thing we did was to go on a bus sightseeing tour.
This is the best way to see all the sights and learn all about the history of the city. By the time the tour was over it was dark. The Christmas lights were very colorful. And __2__ really impressed me was so many people made __3__ (they) way home through the heavy traffic on bicycles. I was looking forward to spending the next day in Oxford Street with all its __4__ (amaze) shops. And what __5__ wonderful experience that was! We bought a ticket for the underground and could go everywhere very quickly.
We spent all morning shopping and admiring the Christmas displays inside the shops and out in the streets. Then we went to a wax museum __6__ (call) Madame Tussauds (杜莎夫人蜡像馆), which had a lot of wax __7__ (figure) of famous people. My mother took a picture of me standing __8__ Prince Charles and Prince Harry. From there we took the tube to Buckingham Palace, the home of the two princes, to watch the Changing of the Guard but __9__ (fortunate) we couldn't really see well as there were thousands of tourists waiting __10__ (take)photos of the ceremony.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和妈妈去年12月份坐飞机前往英国伦敦旅游的经历。
1．flew　考查动词的时态。由时间状语“Last December”可知，应用一般过去时，故填flew。
2．what　考查主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，所填词意为“……的事物”，故填what。
3．their　考查代词。make one's way意思是“前往”，且主语为people，故填their。
4．amazing　考查词性转换。amaze意思是“使惊奇”，它的形容词amazing意思是“令人惊奇的”，常用来修饰物。由shops可知应填amazing。
5．a　考查冠词。此处是what引导的感叹句，句中experience作名词，意为“经历”，是可数名词，所以要用不定冠词修饰，故填a。
6．called　考查非谓语动词。wax museum与call之间为被动关系，故此处应用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。
7．figures　考查名词。此处表示“那里有许多名人的蜡像”。由a lot of可知，此处要用可数名词的复数形式，故填figures。
8．between　考查介词。between ... and表示“在……之间”。
9．unfortunately　考查副词。根据空格后的“we couldn't really see well”可知，应用提示词的否定形式，且要用副词来修饰整个句子。故填unfortunately。
10．to take　考查非谓语动词。wait to do sth. “等待做某事”，为固定用法。
Ⅳ.短文改错
It is five years now since I graduate from high school. Last Saturday, our class held a get­together, which took us a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a properly time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, talk about the people and things they were familiar with. It was a pity which some of us were not present as they had gone abroad with further study. Besides, they called back or sent greeting card from different places.
答案：
It is five years now since I from high school. Last Saturday, our class held a get­together, which took us a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in touch with everybody and set a time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, about the people and things were familiar with. It was a pity some of us were not present as they had gone abroad further study. ， they called back or sent greeting from different places.
难项分析：
第一处：graduate→graduated　考查动词的时态。在“It is＋时间段＋since引导的时间状语从句”中，从句要使用一般过去时，故graduate应用其过去式。
第五处：talk→talking　考查非谓语动词。主语We与talk之间为主动关系，故应使用现在分词作伴随状语。
第九处：Besides→However　考查副词。根据前后句句意可知，前后为转折关系，且此处用逗号隔开，故应用副词However。

课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school class­rooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution (解决方案). “We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests，” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal？’ Basically, it's ‘I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in­person review, and ... it's not a very nice thing at times. It's a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。
1．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A．They are hard to get rid of.
B．They lead to air pollution.
C．They appear in different forms.
D．They damage the instruments.
答案：A　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，来自我们身体的微生物在太空站的表面增长得很快，宇航员每周得花很长时间清理它们，由此断定太空站里的细菌很难清除，故答案为A。
2．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A．To strengthen teacher­student relationships.
B．To sharpen students' communication skills.
C．To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D．To link space technology with school education.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。
3．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A．Check their product. B．Guide project designs.
C．Adjust work schedules. D．Grade their homework.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，NASA工程师亲自检查那些高中学生的产品，故答案为A。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．NASA: The Home of Astronauts
B．Space: The Final Homework Frontier
C．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom
D．HUNCH: A College Admission Reform
答案：B　标题判断题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，选项B将其完美地结合了起来，故答案为B。

(2020·贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn't change. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.”
However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机). They found that there were lots of faults (断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon.
According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin. Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky layer, the moon's surface continues to push up. “Some of these quakes can be fairly strong, around five on the Richter scale (里氏震级)，” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in the US.
But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldn't try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph.“This isn't anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It's not going anywhere，” Watters comforted us.
The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong. “We have been to the moon and we've done some great science, but there is still a lot we don't know. The moon is shrinking—we didn't really realize that until recently. It's a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that，” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项最新的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小。此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们不了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的更活跃、更有意思的地方。
5．Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to?
A．It stays the same as before.
B．It is becoming slightly smaller.
C．It is getting older and older.
D．It has passed away.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“However, a new study ... shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time.”可知，一项新的发表在《自然·地球科学》上的研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小，据此可知B项正确。
6．What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph?
A．It has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding.
B．It has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years.
C．It quakes even at seven on the Richter scale.
D．It has a hot core and releases energy during expanding.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段前三句中的“the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core” “The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy”可知，月球由带有一个热核的岩石块组成，自它形成时月球就在持续膨胀，在这个过程中它会释放能量，故D项正确。
7．Who thinks that we needn't worry about the moon?
A．Zhang Ruoxu. B．Thomas Watters.
C．Nathan Williams. D．The journalist.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中Thomas Watters说的话“This isn't anything to worry about ... It's not going anywhere”可知，Thomas Watters认为我们不必担心月球，尽管月球在缩小，但它并没有缩小很多，故B项正确。
8．What does Nathan Williams think of the moon?
A．It is a dead and boring place.
B．It has lots of faults on the surface.
C．It is valuable to do more science.
D．It isn't a place where we can live.
答案：C　推理判断题。根据尾段中Nathan Williams说的话“We have been to the moon and we've done some great science ... we should explore that”可知，Nathan Williams认为月球有许多我们不了解的东西，值得我们去探索。据此可推知，他认为研究月球是有价值的，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
Tips on buying outdoor solar lights
As solar lighting is becoming useful for homes, many different such outdoor lights can now be found in supermarkets. Here are some helpful tips for customers.
●Does your area receive enough direct lighting?
1　 So you shouldn't even give it a thought if you live in an area that doesn't get much sunlight. These lights need direct sunlight, or they just won't work very well.
●　2　
The expensive one usually means good quality. Choosing the cheapest ones will result in many problems. For once, it's best to buy more expensive lights of high quality. 　3　 At least you should know the difference between a 10 light and a 45 light.
●Buy lights that require less installation (安装)．
Most solar lights are simply driven into the ground. Therefore, you shouldn't deal with the difficulty in installing a system that involves anything more than that. 　4　 You don't need to buy lights that require half an hour each to plant into the ground because that's just a waste of time.
●Make sure the lights can store enough energy.
Different solar lights can store different amounts of energy. 　5　 Therefore, you should choose lights that are able to store enough energy to last for a few hours or more, at least those that will last from nightfall throughout most of the night and part of the morning.
A．Without sunlight, solar lighting is useless.
B．Buy many solar lights instead of just one or two.
C．It means some will stay lit longer than the others.
D．Choose something a bit more expensive for once.
E．Solar lights are becoming more and more popular.
F．That doesn't mean you have to spend all your money.
G．They should take a few minutes each to get into the ground.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。现在太阳能灯变得越来越流行了，在超市里有很多出售的灯，文章介绍了购买太阳能灯的几个小建议。
1．A　根据“Does your area receive enough direct lighting？”这段的主旨句可知，在住的地方要能接受到足够的直接光线，所以A项“Without sunlight, solar lighting is useless.(没有阳光，太阳能灯就是无用的)”符合题意。
2．D　根据“The expensive one usually means good quality.”可知，贵的通常质量比较好，所以该段的主旨句为D项“Choose something a bit more expensive for once. (要挑选一些贵一点的)”。
3．F　根据上下文可知，建议我们买一些贵的，但并非把钱都花在那些价格昂贵的灯上，所以F项合适。
4．G　根据“Most solar lights are simply driven into the ground.”可知，大多数太阳能灯很容易安装，所以G项“每个太阳能灯应该花几分钟的时间就能安装好”符合题意。
5．C　根据“Different solar lights can store different amounts of energy.”可知，不同的太阳能灯储存能源不相等，所以有些太阳能灯比其他的要亮得持久。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·贵阳高三适应性考试(一))China's space program has become the first __1__ (land) a spacecraft on the so­called dark side of the moon. The landing on Thursday brought the country closer to its goal of becoming a space power.
Chang'e 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth. It shows small craters and __2__ empty surface that appears to be __3__ (light) by a light from the lunar explorer.
The name Chang'e comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chinese believe __4__ (live) on the moon for thousands of years.
The landing is an example of China's __5__ (grow) desire to compete with the American, Russian and European space __6__ (program). China also wants to strengthen __7__ (it) position.
Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing University's school of astronomy and space science. He told the Associated Press, “__8__ the whole, China's space technology still falls behind the West, but with the landing on the far side of the moon, we have raced to the front.”
He added that China plans to explore Mars, Jupiter and asteroids (小行星) in the future. “There's no doubt __9__ our nation will go farther and farther，” he said.
In 2013, Chang'e 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Union's Luna 24 in 1976. The United States is the only country that has __10__ (success) sent a person to the moon. But China is considering a crewed mission, as well.
For now, China plans to send a Chang'e 5 spacecraft to the moon in 2019 and have it return to Earth with collected particles.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过讲述“嫦娥四号”登陆月球背面介绍了中国的太空探索发展状况。
1．to land　考查非谓语动词。名词前有序数词修饰时，应用动词不定式作后置定语。
2．an　考查冠词。surface是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且empty的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
3．lit/lighted　考查动词的语态。根据空后的介词“by”并结合语境可知，此处是被动结构，即“be＋done”的形式，故填lit/lighted。
4．has lived　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，指代a subject，在从句中作主语，故此处应用第三人称单数形式；且此处为陈述客观事实，并根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，本句应用现在完成时，故填has lived。定语从句中的many Chinese believe为插入语。
5．growing　考查词性转换。growing是形容词，意为“增长的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词desire。
6．programs　考查名词。program是可数名词，且此处指美国、俄罗斯和欧洲的太空计划，故用复数形式，故填programs。
7．its　考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词position。
8．On　考查固定搭配。on the whole为固定搭配，意为“大体上；总的来说”，故填On。
9．that　考查固定用法。There is no doubt that为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，故填that。
10．successfully　考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词successfully修饰其后的动词sent，在句子中作状语。
Ⅳ.书面表达
(2020·江西省抚州市临川二中高三月考)假如你是李华，某美国中学生代表团来你校访问。你代表学校介绍将要举行的有关“建设美丽中国(building a beautiful China)”的活动，主要内容包括：
1．表示欢迎；
2．介绍活动内容；
3．邀请他们参加。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。



[精彩范文]
First of all, on behalf of our school, I warmly welcome you to visit our school. The theme of our activity is “building a beautiful China”.
Then, I will introduce the content of this activity. During this week, we will encourage people from all walks of life and the public to take an active part in building an ecological civilization and join hands to build a beautiful China with blue sky, green land and clear water. Low­carbon travel, we are in action. Eliminate plastic bags. Start with me. Eliminate disposable chopsticks, let health stay on the tip of the tongue. Actively participate in environmental protection knowledge competition, understand environmental protection laws and regulations and common sense.
I sincerely invite you to attend this activity.