2021版新高考译林英语（江苏专版）一轮教师用书：选修6Unit3Understandingeachother

[单词　拼写应用]

核心单词

1．adjust vi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节

2．expectation  n．期望，盼望

3．familiar adj.通晓；熟悉

4．ensure vt.保证，担保，确保

5．account  n．描述，叙述

6．alike adj.相像，十分相似

adv.十分相像地；同样地

7．retell vt.复述，转述

8．hug vt.&vi.&n.拥抱，抱紧

9．plain  n．平原 adj.清楚的，明显的；坦诚的；朴素的

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空

1．She sat in the chair，hugging(hug) her knees.

2．The government department concerned ensured(ensure) that timely action was taken to resolve the heating in winter.

3．Have you been to the great plains(plain)?

4．It is a tale which has often been retold(retell) within West Indian literature.

5．It was a few moments before his eyes adjusted(adjust) to the bright glare of the sun.

6．Against all expectations(expectation)，she was enjoying herself.

拓展单词

1.congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺→congratulation  n．祝贺；贺词

2.permit vt.&vi.允许，准许n.许可证→permission  n．允许，许可

3.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止→prohibition  n．禁止；禁令

4.religion  n．宗教→religious adj.宗教的；虔诚的

5.accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的

6.celebrate v．庆祝→celebration  n．庆典；庆祝活动

7.brave adj.勇敢的→bravery  n．勇敢→bravely adv.勇敢地；极好地

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空

1.It took a while for her to accustom herself to the new school life. That meant after a while she became accustomed  to living in the new school. (accustom)

2.The prohibition  order means that French is prohibited in this school. (prohibit)

3.Even if you have a   permit，I won't permit you to enter the hall without her  permission. (permit)

4.He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion  but meanwhile he respects others'  religious freedom. (religion)

5.People  celebrate the birthday differently. Mike's family are going travelling in celebration of Mike's 18th birthday. (celebrate)

阅读单词

1.end of term  n．学期末

2.bridegroom  n．新郎

3.stove  n．炉子，火炉

4.offence  n．冒犯；侮辱

5.firework  n．焰火，烟花

6.minority  n．少数民族；少数(人)

7.feast  n．盛宴，宴会；节日

8.mask  n．面具  vt.伪装，掩饰

9.carve vt.雕刻

10.steam vt.&vi.蒸，蒸发  n．蒸汽

11.claw  n．爪，爪子

12.roast vt.烤，烘焙 adj.烤的，焙的

13.mustard  n．芥末；芥末酱

14.barbecue  n．户外烧烤

15.arrow  n．箭；箭头标记

1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Then came my tweens and teens，and  mean girls and cool kids.不善良的，刻薄的

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance.果核

[短语　多维应用]

[句式　结构仿写]

1．ensure vt.保证；担保，确保

ensure sth.保证某事

ensure sb.sth.保证/确保某人(得到)某物

ensure doing sth.保证做……

ensure  sb.from/against...保护某人免受……的伤害

ensure that...＝make sure that...确保/保证……

ensure her survival确保她的生还

ensure you a ticket for the concert一定给你音乐会的票

ensure completing the task on time确保准时完成任务

ensure him against/from suffering from the cold确保他免受感冒的伤害

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①We ensure fulfilling(fulfill)  the task on time.

②Warm clothing will ensure us against/from suffering from the cold.

③I ensure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations.

[能力提升]——词汇升级

(普通表达)The teachers spared no effort to ensure that all students had an equal chance.

(高级表达)The teachers spared no effort to_make_sure that all students had an equal chance.

2．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺

(1)congratulate sb.on/upon(doing)sth.祝贺某人(做了)某事

congratulate oneself(on sth.)(因成就或成功)为自己感到骄傲或自豪

(2)congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词

(send/offer)congratulations to sb.on sth.祝贺某人某事

Congratulations！恭喜！

congratulate him on his recent promotion祝贺他最近升职

congratulate myself on my lucky escape庆幸自己逃脱

give her my congratulations替我祝贺她

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①The letter arrived，congratulating me on/upon my graduation from the university.

②“Congratulations(congratulate) on your success in completing the experiment，” she said.

③I warmly congratulated him on getting(get) the first place in the competition.

[能力提升]——一句多译

我们祝贺他生意成功。

①We congratulated_him_on his success in business.(congratulate)

②We offered/sent_our_congratulations_to_him_on  business.(congratulation)

[易混辨析]　

They celebrated their 25th wedding anniversary yesterday，and many relatives and friends congratulated  them on their silver wedding.

3．permit vt.&vi.允许，准许 n．许可证

(1)permit(doing)sth.允许(做)某事

permit sb.(to do)sth.允许某人(做)某事

time/weather permitting＝if time/weather permits时间/天气允许的话

(2)a driver's/driving permit驾驶执照

(3)permission n．允许；许可

without permission未经许可

ask for permission请求允许

permit us to enter the room允许我们进入该房间

permit himself an apple every day让自己每天吃一个苹果

apply for a parking permit申请停车许可证

give you permission to come in here批准你到这里来

ask permission for all major expenditure一切重大开支均须报请批准

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Employees are permitted to_use (use)the golf course during their free hours.

②You should know that no photos are to  be taken of the exhibits without permission (permit)．

③The rules of the school do not  permit parking (park)near the school gate.

④Time permittig (permit)，I may go hiking with my friends.

⑤You're not allowed to drive if you don't have a permit (permission)．

[能力提升]——一句多译

如果天气条件允许，我们明天就去长城。

①If_weather_permits，we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(if从句)

②Weather_permitting，we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(独立主格)

[名师点津]　①permit充当名词时为可数名词，意为“许可证”。permission为不可数名词，意为“许可”。

②动词permit的常见用法为permit  doing sth./sb.to do sth.，其他用法类似的动词还有：allow，forbid，advise，encourage等。

4．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止

(1)prohibit(doing)sth.禁止(做)某事

prohibit sb.'s  doing sth./prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事

(2)prohibition n．禁止，阻止；禁令

a prohibition on/against ……的禁令

prohibit smoking in all areas of the building这座大楼的所有区域都禁止吸烟

prohibit doctors from  advertising  their services禁止医生为其医疗服务做广告

a prohibition on tobacco­using使用烟草的禁令

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Traffic regulations prohibit people from riding bicycles   on the sidewalk.

②We prohibit smoking (smoke)in the office during  working hours.

③There is a prohibition on/against tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines.

[能力提升]——一句多译

有必要禁止人们在一些场所使用手机。

①It's necessary to prevent/stop/keep people from_using mobile phones in some places.(prevent/stop/keep...from)

②It's necessary to prohibit__people's_using mobile phones in some places. (prohibit...doing)

③It's necessary to prohibit_people_from_using mobile phones in some places. (prohibit...from)

[名师点津]　“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的表达还有：

①discourage sb. from doing sth.②ban sb. from doing sth.③prevent sb. (from) doing sth.④keep sb. from doing sth.⑤forbid sb. from doing sth.⑥stop sb. (from) doing sth.

5．adjust vi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节

(1)adjust to(doing)sth.适应(做)某事

adjust oneself to使自己适应于……

adjust sth.to调整某物以适应……

(2)adjustment n．调整；调节；适应

make an adjustment/adjustments to对……作出调整

(3)adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的

adjust to living alone in the countryside适应独自一人住在乡下

adjust yourself to student life适应学生生活

adjust your language to the age of your audience要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言

make a few adjustments to the design对设计作几处调整

adjustable seat belts可调节的座椅安全带

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①In addition，the  adjustment  (adjust) is very easy to operate.

②My parents had trouble adjusting to living (live) in an apartment.

[能力提升]——一句多译

由于新的形势，他们不得不对计划进行了许多调整。

①Because of the new situation，they had to adjust_to_their_plan_a_lot.(adjust to)

②Because of the new situation，they had to  make_many_adjustments_to_ their_plan.(adjustment)

6．accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的

(1)be accustomed to(doing)sth.＝be used to(doing)sth.习惯(做)某事(表状态)

get/become accustomed to(doing)sth.＝get/become used to(doing)sth.习惯(做)某事(表动作)

(2)accustom vt.使……习惯于

accustom oneself to(doing)sth.使自己习惯于(做)某事

become accustomed to living alone习惯单身生活

slowly grow accustomed to the dark慢慢地适应了黑暗

accustom himself to the idea他习惯了这个想法

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①As we all know，English people are accustomed/used to driving (drive)on the left.

②To breathe in  more  fresh air，you must accustom yourself (you) to getting up early.

③Accustomed (accustom)to living in the countryside，I found it hard to live in the city.

④Now many people are accustomed to recording (record) their daily life on social media just like keeping a diary.

[能力提升]——词汇升级

(普通表达)We had to get used to  the new working conditions.

①(高级表达)We had to accustom_ourselves_to the new working conditions. (accustom)

②(高级表达)We had to get/become_accustomed_to the new working conditions. (accustomed)

[名师点津]　短语be/become/get accustomed to中的to是介词，其后需要跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。

7．familiar adj.通晓；熟悉

be familiar with...精通……，熟悉……

be familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉

be familiar with the language熟悉/精通这种语言

be familiar to everyone who lives here对住在这里的每个人来说很熟悉

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Exposure to the English language which is used in our daily life can make people familiar with them.

②His name is familiar to me，but I haven't met him.

③To reduce the risk of being attacked，netizens should never go to a website they are not familiar with.

[能力提升]——句型转换

①They are not familiar with charity work，which is still at an  early stage in China.

→Charity  work，which is still at an early  stage in China，is_not_familiar_to them.

②The city is quite familiar to him because he is a native of it.

→He is_quite_familiar_with the city because he is a native of  it.

[名师点津]　be familiar to的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。

8．account n．描述，叙述

(1)on account of由于；因为

on no account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)

take...into account/consideration＝take account of考虑……

(2)account for说明(原因等)；(作出)解释；占……(比例)

a vivid account of the Long March有关长征的生动的叙述

open an account开一个帐户

his account of the accident他对事故的报导

account him a qualified teacher认为他是一位合格的老师

account for your reason解释一下你的原因

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①It is said that body language accounts for 55 percent of a first impression while what you say  just  7 percent.

②He is in a state of deep depression on account of his failure in the exam.

[能力提升]——词汇升级

(普通表达)I will never  give up whatever difficulty I meet with.

(高级表达)On_no_account will I give up whatever difficulty I meet with.

[名师点津]　on no account意为“决不”，放在句首时常引起句子的部分倒装，有类似用法的短语还包括：by no means，in no way，in no case，on no condition，under no circumstances，at no time等。

9．expectation n．期望，盼望

(1)meet/live up to one's expectations 不负某人所望

in expectation of 预料；期望

beyond (one's) expectations 料想不到

(2)expect (sb.)to do sth.预料(某人)做某事

as expected 正如所料；不出所料

live up to our expectation不负我们所望

be confident in our expectation of a full recovery满怀信心期待着完全康复

expect to learn a new skill in a few months期待几个月内学会一门新技术

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①She ate a light lunch in expectation of a good dinner.

②Contrary to expectations(expectation)，interest rates did not rise.

③It helps me learn a lot of new knowledge beyond my  expectation.

[能力提升]——句式升级

(普通表达)He failed in the exam，and all of us had expected it.

①(高级表达)As_expected，he failed in the exam.(用as从句改写)

②(高级表达)He failed in the exam，which_was_expected.(用which定语从句改写)

10．take up占据(时间或空间)

take in吸收；领会，理解；欺骗

take back收回(说过的话)；退回(货物)；与……重归于好

take down写下；拆除

take on呈现(新面貌)；开始雇用；承担责任

take up the challenge of living alone in the mountain接受独自住在山里的挑战

take up the valuable time占据那些有效的时间

take up the story where he had  left  off继续他中断的那个故事

take up the book on the desk拿起桌子上的书

take up his post开始担任这个职务

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①I was taken in by  the salesman—the car turned  out to be uneconomical and  unreliable.

②Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing?

③Emerson would always  take down new ideas that occurred to him.

[能力提升]——完成句子

①我们不能再接受更多的工作了——我们目前已经全力以赴了。

We can't take_up any more work—we're fully  stretched at the moment.

②我愿意把说过的话统统收回。

I will take_back_everything I said.

11．give out 放出；发出；分发；公布；发表；用完；筋疲力尽

give away 泄露；赠送；捐赠

give in 上交；让步；投降

give off 发出

give up 放弃

give way to 让步

give voice to 表达对……的看法

give out some information about the earthquake发布一些地震的消息

give out a lot of heat放出大量的热

give out the exam papers分发试卷

their food supplies give out他们的食物贮备消耗殆尽

her legs give out她的腿一软(筋疲力尽)

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①She is a brave fighter and will never give in.

②The doctor advised Mr.Smith to give up smoking to keep healthy.

③These wild flowers gave off/out  a nice smell.

[能力提升]——完成句子

①他已把他的大部分钱捐赠给了慈善事业。

He has_given_away_most_of_his_money to charity.

②在讨论的前部分玛丽沉默不语，但是最后她表达了对这个主题的看法。

Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she  gave_voice _to  her opinion on the subject.

12．(教材P35)Many foreigners have_trouble_getting accustomed to it.许多外国人很难适应这种做法。

(1)have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，trouble为不可数名词，前面可加修饰词much，little，no等。

(2)trouble可换用difficulty(不可数名词)，意思不变。

(3)若trouble/difficulty后跟名词，常接介词with。

[金句推送]　①(2018·浙江卷·写作佳句) I can speak fluent English and I have little trouble communicating  with foreigners.

我能说流利的英语和外国人交流没有困难。

②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·满分作文)You can turn to me whenever you have trouble in understanding  Tang poems.

无论什么时候当你在理解唐诗有困难时，都可以向我求助。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Some students have trouble with grammar while others have difficulty (in) remembering(remember) new words.

②You can't imagine the trouble/difficulty I had persuading(persuade) him to change his mind.

[能力提升]——一句多译

不论什么时候学习遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。

①Please don't hesitate to turn to us for help whenever_you_have_ trouble/difficulty_with your study.(whenever)

②No_matter_when__you_have_trouble/difficulty_in studying，please don't hesitate  to  turn to us for  help.(no matter when)

[名师点津]　对于句式have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.的考查，常把trouble/difficulty提前，后跟定语从句，省略介词in，导致have与后面的动名词连在一起。

You can't  imagine what great difficulty we have ever  had dealing  with the problems.

13．(教材P38)One_reason_why  there are so many French words in English is_that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.英语里有如此多的法语词汇的一个原因是法国人曾统治英格兰很长时间。

(1)The reason for which/why...is that...……的原因是……

(2)That/This/It is why...“那就是为什么/因为……”，why从句表示结果

(3)That/This/It is because...“那就是因为……”，because从句表示原因

[金句推送]　(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·满分作文)The reason why  I can't  go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon is that  I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon.

周五下午我不能和你去书店的原因是因为下午我要去参加一个重要的会议。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①The reason why he failed the exam was that he had been absent from the class for a long time.

②The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was that he didn't catch the first bus.

③The reason that/which he explained to us was that he hadn't read the book before.

[能力提升]——句式升级

(普通表达)Because  there was a lot of work to do，I didn't go to the cinema.

(高级表达)The_reason_why I didn't go to the cinema was that there was a lot of work to do.

[名师点津]　(1)reason后的定语从句缺状语，用关系副词why或for which引导。

(2)reason后的定语从句缺主语或宾语，用关系代词that/which引导。

(3)the reason后接同位语从句解释其内容时，引导词用that。

(4)主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that/which，而不用why或because。

多维训练——夯实基础

维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空

1．If you want to ensure your catching(catch) the plane，take a taxi.

2．He must be very happy to receive congratulations(congratulate) on his success.

3．The boy rushed off as soon as his father gave him permission(permit)．

4．It seems that local laws prohibit  building(build) near the parks.

5．People have been accustomed to carrying(carry) a cell­phone with them at any time.

6．We've had to make some adjustments (adjust) to our original calculations.

7．The Chinese community here are shooting off fireworks in celebration (celebrate) of the Chinese New Year.

8．It is expected that everyone would burst out laughing when he finished his joke but beyond his expectation nobody laughed. (expect)

维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词

1．How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework?

2．On account of lack of human protection，the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise (长江江豚) is becoming smaller and smaller.

3．I have much difficulty with maths and I am worried about it.

4．He was familiar to me but I couldn't think of his name at once.

5．I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.

6．The reason why he was late for the meeting is that he was overslept.

7．He was generous enough to congratulate his success  on his decision.

维度3——查缺补漏

1．Throwing their hats into the air，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.

2．Boys  are very much in a/the minority at the dancing class.

3．Each of the houses is slightly(slight) different.

4．We all think she should be praised for her bravery (brave)．

维度4——话题写作

1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)

①彼得去年来中国在北大学习一些中国文化，为了避免在适应校园生活方面产生的麻烦，他广交朋友，并请他们带他游览北京。

Peter came to China to learn some Chinese culture in Beijing University last year.To avoid having_trouble_in_adjusting_to  campus life，he made many friends and asked them to show him around Beijing.

②如果时间许可，他就向当地人学习一些餐桌礼仪，这当然会占用他的一些业余时间。

If_time_permitted，he would learn some table manners from the local people.Of  course，it took up some of his spare time.

③他了解到中国人习惯于大家共吃一桌菜，而美国人则每个人吃自己餐具里的食物。

He learned that Chinese get_accustomed_to sharing all the dishes together while Americans prefer to have food alone if we take eating into_account.

④吃完饭后，他们或许带他参观他们的房间。

They maybe show_him_around_their_houses  after they have the dinner.

⑤他认为要想保证一切顺利，熟悉中美文化的差异很重要。

He thinks it is very important to be_familiar_with_the_differences  between China and America to ensure all things going right.

⑥我认为他那么好地适应中国生活的原因是他乐意在生活中作出必要的调整。

I_think_the_reason_why he adapted himself to the life in China so well was that he was always willing to make_some_necessary_adjustments  in his daily life.

2．升级平淡句

(1)用独立主格结构和which引导的非限制性定语从句升级1中的句②

Time_permittig，he_would_learn_some_table_manners_from_the_local_ people，which，of_course，took_up_some_of_his_spare_time.

(2)用分词作状语升级1中的句④

They_maybe_show_him_around_their_houses_after_having_the_dinner.

3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：besides，in conclusion，so)

Peter came to China to learn some Chinese culture in Beijing University last year.To avoid having trouble in  adjusting  to campus life，he made many friends and asked them to show him around Beijing.Time  permitting，he would   learn some table manners from the local people，which，of course，took up some of his spare time.He learned that Chinese get accustomed to  sharing  all the dishes together while Americans prefer to have food alone if we take eating into account.Besides，they maybe show him around their  houses after having the dinner.

In conclusion，he thinks it is very important to be familiar with the differences between China and America to ensure all things going right.So I think the reason why he adapted himself to the life in China so well was that he was always willing to make necessary adjustments in his daily life.