2021版高考英语（外研版）一轮复习教师用书：必修14Module4　ASocialSurvey—MyNeighbourhood


一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√
survey n．　　　　　　　 neighbourhood n.
suburb n. district n.
gorgeous adj. architecture n.
committee n. organisation n.
household n. occupation n.
professional adj. manual adj.
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．local adj.　　　　 地方的；局部的
2．hometown n. 家乡
3．pretty adv. 很；相当
4．sound vi. 听起来
5.__tourist n. 旅游者；观光客
6．bother vt. 打扰；烦扰；麻烦
7．rent n. 租金
8．approach vt.　　　　　 接近
9．starve vi. 饿死
10．park vt. 停车
11.__traffic n. 交通
12．exchange vt. 交换
13．contact vt. 联络；联系(某人)
14．fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.有吸引力的；吸引人的→__attraction n．吸引；吸引力
2．fortune n．幸运；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉祥的→fortunately adv.幸运地
3．employ vt.雇用→unemployed adj.失业的；没有工作的→unemployment n．失业→employment n．就业；工作；职业→__employer n．雇主→employee n．雇员
4．afford vt.买得起；有能力支付→affordable adj.负担得起的
5．survive vi.死里逃生；大难不死→survivor n．幸存者；生还者→survival n．幸存；残存物

1.程度副词多变化
①pretty　　　　　　 很；相当
②fairly 相当，简直
③quite 很；相当
④slightly 轻微地
⑤rather 相当；非常
⑥entirely 完全地
2.后缀­ive形容词大观园
①attractive　　　 有吸引力的
②impressive 使人印象深刻的
③creative 有创造力的
④constructive 建设性的
⑤expensive 昂贵的
⑥instructive 有教育意义的
3.后缀­al高频形容词汇总
①professional　　　 专业的
②occupational 职业的
③personal 个人的
④national 国家的；民族的
⑤traditional 传统的
⑥international 国际的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．put__up　　　　　　　　　　　　 修建；张贴
2．so__far/up__to__now/till__now 到目前为止
3．get__away__from 摆脱
4．a__great__many/a__number__of 许多；大量
5．make__it 成功；及时赶到
6．go__up 上升

1.“许多；大量”太多了
①a great many　　　　
②plenty of
③a large number of
④a great/good deal of
⑤a large quantity of/large quantities of
2.“v.＋up”短语全接触
①go up　　　　　　　 上升
②break up 分裂；打碎
③build up 逐渐增强；建立
④hang up 挂起来；挂断电话
⑤pick up (无意中)学会；捡起；开车去接
⑥bring up 抚养；教育
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：It is/has been＋时间段＋since...自从……以来已经多长时间了
It’s__been__six__years__since we last saw each other, you know.
你知道，自从我们上次见面以来已经六年了。
句型2：It/This/That is/was the＋...time＋(that)．..意为“第几次……”，从句要用完成时
And this is the first time I’ve__visited__your__hometown．
这是我第一次参观你的家乡。
句型3：the＋最高级＋名词＋定语从句(从句中常用完成时)
...but this is one of the most attractive places I’ve__been__to.
……但这是我去过的最吸引人的地方之一。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词
1．Every year millions of tourists(游客) come here to enjoy a wonderful scenery.
2．If necessary, please feel free to contact(联系) me via email or call me at 5666­7187.
3．Emily has to ride a bike across town to work every day because she can’t afford(买得起；有能力支付) a car or the expensive rent near her company.
4．It is not known how the early humans survived(活下来) in the cold environment of ancient northern Europe.
5．The money used for building the library was donated by a local(当地的) businessman.
B．根据所给单词写出适当形式
6．It is surprising that there are still many people in the world die of starvation(starve) each year.
7．People have developed the habit of exchanging(exchange) gifts on many special occasions.
8．With the 2021 College Entrance Examination approaching(approach), all the students are busy preparing for it.
9．Although your idea sounds(sound) good, I don’t think it will work in reality.
10．What bothers(bother) me most is how I can get so much money for the project.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our week­long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.当地人
2．a.(2019·北京卷)She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.与……商量/接洽
b．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.处理
3．(2019·江苏卷)A group of exchange students from the UK are visiting our school next month.交流
Ⅲ.选词成篇
put up; so far/up to now/till now; get away from; a great many/a number of; make it; go up
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 1.A__great__many/A__number__of high­rise buildings have been 2.put__up. Our economy is 3.going__up. 4.So__far/Up__to__now/Till__now,__we have 5.got__away__from poverty. We are living a happy life now. I believe only if we work hard can we 6.make__it．
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)他三岁的时候和他妈妈一起搬到了英国，自从我上一次见到他已经13年了。
He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it__had__been__13__years__since I’d last seen him.
2．(2018·北京卷)因为这是我第一次向外国学生展示怎样制茶，所以一开始我感到有点紧张。
Because this__was__the__first__time__that__I__had__shown foreign students how to make tea, I felt a little nervous in the beginning.
3．路遥写的《平凡的世界》是我读过的最棒的小说之一。
Ordinary World written by Lu Yao is one of the best novels that__I__have__ever__read．

bother　vi.& vt.打扰；麻烦；花费时间、精力(做某事)　n．麻烦，不便利
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a. Don’t bother getting/to__get(get) dinner for me today. I’ll eat out.
b．We had quite a lot of bother getting(get) here because of the fog.
②I don’t want to bother you about/with my problem. I am doing quite well.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)Although I have been working hard, I can’t keep up with others and this bothers me greatly.
③(高级表达)Although I have been working hard, it__bothers__me__greatly__that__I__can’t__keep__up__with__others．(it作形式主语)
④(高级表达)Although I have been working hard, what__bothers__me__greatly__is__that__I__can’t__keep__up__with__others．(what引导主语从句)

(1)bother to do/doing sth.　 费心做某事
(2)bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或
麻烦某人
(3)It bothers sb. that/to do sth.
使某人苦恼的是/
做某事使某人苦恼
(4)have bother (in) doing sth. 做某事费力
[佳句背诵] Around two o’clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers us.
每天晚上大约2点钟的时候，Sue就开始说梦话。这有点打扰我们。(湖南卷)
approach　v．接近；靠近；走近　n．接近；通路；方法；步骤
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(天津卷)Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching(approach)．
b．(上海卷) Approaching(approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
②a. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China’s approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”．..
b．At the approach of the 2021 college entrance examination, most of us stay up late to study.
[能力提升]——词汇升级/句式升级
(普通表达) As the time for graduation is coming, we are busy with our papers.
③(高级表达)As the time for graduation is approaching/drawing__near/around__the__corner,__we are busy with our papers.
④(高级表达)With__the__time__for__graduation__approaching,__we are busy with our papers.(with复合结构)

approach sb./sth.　　　　 靠近/接近某人/某物
an approach to... 做某事的方法；通向
某地的路
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
[佳句背诵] The four diagnostic approaches of TCM consist of observing, listening and smelling, inquiring and pulse taking.
望、闻、问、切是中医诊断的四种方法。
[名师点津] (1)表示“(做)某事的方法”的搭配还有：
①the way to do/of (doing) sth.
②the means of (doing) sth.
③the method of (doing) sth.
(2)way, means, manner, method和approach都有“方法”之意， 但搭配不同。例如in this way, with this method, by this means, in this manner等。
(3)表示“……来临”的表达有：
be approaching; be drawing near; be around the corner
exchange　vi.& n．交换；交流；兑换
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a. (2019·天津卷)I’ve never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help.
b．I am going to travel abroad, so I go to exchange some RMB for dollars in the bank.
②(牛津词典)He’s giving her French lessons in exchange for her teaching him English.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(重庆卷)他们彼此交流思想和情感， 通过这些他们能获得更多的知识。
They exchange__ideas__and__feelings__with__each__other,__through which they probably acquire more knowledge.

(1)exchange sth. for sth.　　 以某物换取某物
exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物
(2)in exchange for... 作为……的交换
(3)an exchange student 交换生
[佳句背诵] It bothers the exchange student that he hasn’t found the approach to learning Chinese.
使这位交换生苦恼的是他还没有找到学习中文的方法。
[词块助记] foreign exchange　　外汇
an exchange rate 汇率
New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所
afford　vt.买得起，负担得起；(有时间) 做；承担得起 (后果)；提供，给予
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(江西卷)Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to__stay(stay) at a hotel.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The exhibition will afford a chance to you to experience traditional Chinese culture.
③(2018·浙江卷6月)Eating out once or twice a week may be affordable(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even higher cost on your health.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)As incomes are increasing, more and more families are able to buy private cars.
(高级表达) As incomes are increasing, more and more families can__afford__to buy private cars.

(1)afford to do sth.　　　　　 负担得起干
某事的费用
afford sb.sth.＝afford sth.to sb.
给予某人某物
(2)affordable adj. 能承担得起的
[佳句背诵] He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to.
他太忙了。他没有足够的时间来陪他儿子，即使他想这样。
[名师点津] afford 意为“买得起，负担得起”时，常与can，could，be able to以及其否定形式连用，表示有/无能力、时间、条件等做某事。
survive　vi.死里逃生；大难不死
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(福建卷)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to__survive(survive) is to live in harmony with nature.
②a.After the plane crash, what the survivors(survive) could do was to wait for rescue on this desert island.
b．(2017·江苏卷)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival(survive)．
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
(高级表达)Having__survived__that__night,__we were confident that everything else would be all right.(现在分词短语作状语)

(1)survive＋n.(the fire/earthquake/accident...)
　　　 从(火灾/地震/事故等) 中生还
survive on 靠……维持生活；靠……存活下来
(2)survival n. [U]幸存；[C]遗物，幸存物
survivor n. 幸存者，死里逃生的人　
[名师点津] survive表示“从地震、火灾、事故等中幸存下来”时，为及物动词，其后不可接介词from或in。
[词块助记] survive on such a low salary
　　　　　　　　 靠这么低的工资维持生计
survive the economic crisis
挺过经济危机
put up　举起；架起；张贴；(为……) 提供膳宿；提高(价钱)；修建
[一词多义]——写出下列句中put up的含义
①(北京卷)A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.张贴
②We put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains.举起
③(浙江卷)He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.投宿
④They’ve put up a lot of high­rise buildings recently.修建

put away　　　　　 把……收拾起来
put aside 储存；留出
put forward 向前移动，提出(意见、建议)
put down 记下；写下；镇压
put up with 容忍；忍受；忍耐；受苦
[文化佳句] The custom of putting up New Year prints originated from the tradition of placing Door Gods on the external doors of houses.
贴年画的风俗源于在房屋大门上张贴门神的传统。

It is/has been＋时间段＋since...自从……以来已经多长时间了
(教材原句)It’s been six years since we last saw each other, you know.
你知道，自从我们上次见面以来已经六年了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①—It’s a long time since I saw you last time.
—Yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time before we see each other again.
②a.(四川卷)It’s been a month since I came(come) to this new school and I really want to share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.
b．It was several years since he had__returned(return) to his hometown.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③他昨晚回来的时候是十一点。
It__was__11__o’clock__when he came back last night.
④他是昨晚十一点回来的。
It__was__at__11__o’clock__that he came back last night.

(1)“It be＋一段时间＋since ...”句型，意为“自从……以来已有多长时间了”。主句若用现在时，since从句用一般过去时；主句若用过去时，则从句用过去完成时。
(2)“It＋be＋一段时间＋before从句”，表示“多久之后才……”。
(3)“It＋be＋时间点＋when从句(时间状语从句)”表示“做某事是在某时”。
(4)“It＋be＋介词＋时间点/段或地点＋that...”是强调句型。
[佳句背诵] It’s ten years since the scientist set out on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
自从那位科学家开始去为发现这一有价值的化学物质而工作，至今已经10年了。
It/This/That is/was the＋... time＋(that)．..意为“第几次……”，从句需用完成时
(教材原句)And this is the first time I’ve visited your hometown.
这是我第一次参观你的家乡。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①a.(2018·天津卷)It is the first time that such a large robotics competition has__been__held(hold) in our city.
b．He told us that it was the first time that he had__come(come) late for such an important meeting.
②I couldn’t adjust to the new surroundings quickly for the first time I left my motherland for America.删除第一个for
[能力提升]——一句多译
是该我们投身于环境保护和生态发展的时候了。
③It’s__time__for__us__to__devote__ourselves__to environmental protection and ecological improvement.(简单句)
④It’s__high__time__that__we__devoted/should__devote__ourselves__to environmental protection and ecological improvement.(复合句)

(1)It/This/That is/was the＋...time＋(that)从句，意思是“这是第……次做某事”，其中that引导定语从句，在口语中常省略。主句使用is，定语从句使用现在完成时；主句用was，定语从句用过去完成时。
(2)It is time for sth.
　　　　　 到了做某事的时间了
It is time (for sb.) to do sth.
到了(某人)做某事的时候了
It is (high) time that sb.did/should do sth.
到了某人该做某事的时候了
(3)the first time＋从句表示“第一次……”(引导时间状语从句)。　
[佳句背诵] It is ten years since he got away from his hometown. And this is the first time (that) he has returned to his hometown.
他离开家乡已有十年， 这是他第一次回乡。

维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．Approaching(approach) the abandoned farm, the tourists(tour) saw a stone statue, but they didn’t know who it was.
2．He was fortunate to__survive(survive) with the doctor’s help, which made his family very happy.
3．A number of high buildings have__arisen(arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
4．Give the names of two people who can be__contacted(contact) in case there is an emergency.
5．If your parents couldn’t afford to__send(send) you to college, you may ask our national Project Hope for help.
维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．So many buildings have been put up in recent years, but the house prices have never gone down.
2．(天津卷)Last summer, she wanted to join our local swim team. She practiced hard and finally made it．
3．It has been already three months since he worked in this company, and now he still can’t find a job.
4．He didn’t want to bother his mother with/about his financial problems.
5．This kind of dress has been sold out. Would you like to exchange it for something else of the same price?
维度三　派生词练习
1．The Great Wall is an attraction,__whose scenery is very attractive,__and it attracts a large number of tourists every day.(attract)
2．Only two passengers survived the air crash.When the two survivors were interviewed, they said their survival was a wonder.(survive)
3．It was fortunate for them to make a fortune trading with foreigners. And more fortunately for them, they were supported by the government.(fortunate)
4．There was such great unemployment in the city that some employers are required to employ more employees．(employ)
维度四　易错混用
1．If you can’t afford to buy this book, please make contact me and I will do my best to help you.在contact后加with或删除make
2．This is the first time that I had been away from my family for such a long time.had→have
3．It seems that the number of people are out of work because of the economic crisis.第一个the→a
4．Fortunate, people are beginning to realize how frightening the situation is.Fortunate→Fortunately
5．There were merely 12 of the 140 passengers surviving from the accident according to the report.删除from

提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
It’s ten years 1.since I left my hometown. I haven’t contacted my friends to exchange some information 2.with each other. Recently I read a survey about my hometown, which shows that there were 3.a great many people 4.unemployed(employ) in it a few years ago. But so far, with the help of the government and some social 5.organisations(organise), some of them have had no bother 6.finding(find) their jobs in the suburbs. So they 7.have__got(get) away from difficult times. It 8.sounds(sound) pretty encouraging. They believe although the prices of houses have been going up, they can afford 9.to__buy(buy) their own houses as long as they work hard. Now with the Spring Festival 10.approaching__(approach), they expect a happy get­together with their family.
提能二　话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter写信询问你的假期计划，请按以下写作要点给他回信：①计划去泰山游玩；②简要介绍泰山的景点；③表达愿望。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)
①随着暑期的临近，我正计划去泰山游玩。
With__the__summer__holiday__approaching,__I’m planning to visit Mountain Tai.
②幸运的是，我居住的社区距离泰山不远。
Fortunately,__the__neighbourhood__where__I__live is not far from Mountain Tai.
③泰山提供了许多迷人的景点，到目前为止已经吸引了许多游客。
Mountain Tai affords__a__great__many__attractive__views,__and so__far/up__to__now/till__now__they__have__attracted__a__great__many/a__number__of__tourists．
④游客可以在山顶的宾馆住宿，在山顶可以欣赏迷人的日出。
Tourists can__put__up__at__the__hotel at the top of the mountain, where they can enjoy the fascinating__sunrise．
⑤我希望你能抽时间去泰山，因此你可以逃离嘈杂的城市。
I do hope you can__afford__time__to__make__it__to Mountain Tai so that you can get__away__from the noisy city.
2．升级平淡句
⑥用非限制性定语从句升级句③
Mountain__Tai__affords__a__great__many__attractive__views,__which__so__far/up__to__now/till__now__have__attracted__a__great__many/a__number__of__tourists.
3．衔接成美文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇：in addition)
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One possible version：
Dear Peter，
With the summer holiday approaching, I’m planning to visit Mountain Tai. Fortunately, the neighbourhood where I live is not far from Mountain Tai. Mountain Tai affords a great many attractive views, which so far/up to now/till now have attracted a great many/a number of tourists. In addition, tourists can put up at the hotel at the top of the mountain, where they can enjoy the fascinating sunrise.
I do hope you can afford time to make it to Mountain Tai so that you can get away from the noisy city.
Yours，
Li Hua

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·合肥调研)Life on the street is a constant struggle for homeless people. In times of extreme weather conditions, that struggle becomes even more difficult. Recently, homeless people across Chicago faced freezing to death if they couldn’t find shelter for the night.
Thankfully, one local woman refused to let that happen. On January 30, 2018, 34­year­old Candice Payne, a local managing broker, was lucky enough to have shelter from the dangerous conditions.
“It was －20 ℃， and I knew they were going to be sleeping on ice and I had to do something，” said Payne. Payne started brainstorming different ways she could possibly help. Finally, she decided to see if there were any rooms available at local inns and hotels that she could get to help those stuck on the street.
For Payne, her mission was personal. According to Payne, her husband, Carlos Callahan, had lived on the street at one point in his life. Based on his experiences, Payne knew that the homeless people still out on the street desperately needed help and that if she didn’t step up to help, no one likely would.
However, when Payne explained what she was trying to do, many of the local hotels refused to allow her to pay for the rooms as they didn’t want homeless people to stay in their rooms. “No one wanted them, but one hotel, the Amber Inn, was nice enough to allow me to buy the rooms，” said Payne.
Payne’s selfless act made news across the country. However, she insisted she had never done it for attention. “I am a regular person，” said Payne, who spent thousands of dollars of her own money to help complete strangers. “It all sounded like a rich person did this, but I’m just a little black girl from the South Side.”
【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了一位普通的芝加哥女士受到她丈夫经历的触动，为防止无家可归者在大街上被冻死，决定为他们订旅馆的房间。她的无私善举传遍全国。
1．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Locals living on the street.
B．The homeless freezing to death.
C．The extreme weather.
D．The shelter for the homeless.
B　解析：代词指代题。根据第一段最后一句“Recently, homeless people across Chicago faced freezing to death if they couldn’t find shelter for the night.”可知，最近芝加哥各地的无家可归者如果找不到过夜的地方，就会被冻死。结合画线词所在句可知，幸好，一位当地的女士拒绝让此发生。据此可推知，画线词that指代“The homeless freezing to death”。
2．How did Candice Payne help the homeless people?
A．By drawing public attention.
B．By giving them money directly.
C．By taking them to her own house.
D．By buying hotel rooms for them.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Finally, she decided to see if there were any rooms available at local inns and hotels that she could get to help those stuck on the street.”可知，Candice Payne最终决定为这些无家可归者订旅馆的房间以免他们被冻死，故D项正确。
3．What may contribute to Payne’s nice act?
A．Her husband’s past experiences.
B．The requests from the homeless.
C．Her desire to become famous.
D．The coldness of local hotels.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“According to Payne, her husband, Carlos Callahan, had lived on the street at one point in his life. Based on his experiences, Payne knew that the homeless people still out on the street desperately needed help and that if she didn’t step up to help, no one likely would.”可知，由于受到她的丈夫无家可归的经历的触动，她决定帮助这些无家可归的人，故A项正确。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．A Black Fighter Changes the World
B．A Woman’s Curiosity Brings a Reward
C．A Regular Woman Makes a Difference
D．A Couple’s Brave Act Moves the Country
C　解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段第一句“Thankfully, one local woman refused to let that happen.”和最后一段最后两句并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要讲述了一位普通的芝加哥女士受到她丈夫经历的触动，为防止无家可归者在大街上被冻死，决定为他们订旅馆的房间；她的无私善举传遍全国。故C项“一位普通女士的影响”最适合作本文的标题。
B
(2020·大连一模)
It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in the education system. In an attempt to help the children of poor families, a nationwide program called “Head Start” was started in the US in 1965. A lot of money was poured into it. It took children into preschool institutions at the age of three and was supposed to help them succeed in school. But the results have been disappointing, because the program began too late. Many children who entered it at three were already behind their peers in language and intelligence and the parents were not involved in the process. At the end of each day, “Head Start” children returned to the same disadvantaged home environment.
To improve the results, another program was started in Missouri that concentrated on parents as the child’s first teachers. This program was based on research showing that working with the family is the most effective way of helping children get the best possible start in life. The four­year study included 380 families who were about to have their first child and represented different socioeconomic statuses, ages and family structures. The program involved trained educators visiting and working with the parent or parents and the child. The program also gave the parents some guidance, and useful skills on child development.
At three, the children involved in the “Missouri” program were evaluated with the children selected from the same socioeconomic backgrounds and family situations. The results were obvious. The children in the program were more advanced in language development, problem solving and other intellectual skills than their peers. They performed equally well regardless of socioeconomic backgrounds or family structures. The one factor that was found to affect the child’s development was the poor quality of parent­child interaction. That interaction was not necessarily bad in poorer families.
The “Missouri” program compares quite distinctly with the “Head Start” program. Without a similar focus on parent education and on the vital importance of the first three years, some evidence indicates that it will not be enough to overcome educational unfairness.
【解题导语】　本文主要通过对比两项侧重点不同的教育项目表明，要实现教育公平就应该关注对父母的教育，使其与孩子之间进行高品质互动，并且意识到孩子出生后前三年的重要性。
5．What caused the failure of the “Head Start” program?
A．The large number of poor families.
B．The disapproval from children.
C．The late start of the program.
D．The long period of time.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“But the results have been disappointing, because the program began too late.”可知，Head Start项目的失败是因为其开始得太晚了。
6．What do we know about the “Missouri” program?
A．It focused on the children’s first school teachers.
B．It helped the children return to the same home.
C．It made the children improved in many aspects.
D．It gave the parents advice on their development.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“The children in the program were more advanced in language development, problem solving and other intellectual skills than their peers.”可推知，Missouri项目让参与的孩子们在许多方面都有改善。
7．According to the passage, what is likely to influence children’s performance?
A．The number of family members.
B．The parent­child communication.
C．The intelligence of their parents.
D．The teacher­student relationship.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“The one factor that was found to affect the child’s development was the poor quality of parent­child interaction.”可知，父母和孩子之间的交流质量是影响孩子发展的因素之一。故选 B。
8．How does the author develop the passage?
A．By listing figures.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By presenting ideas.
D．By drawing conclusions.
B　解析：篇章结构题。通读全文内容可知，本文是通过对比两个侧重点不同的教育项目， 从而组织文章的，故选 B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·重庆七校联考)It is known to us all that thinking is a good thing. However, some people don’t do it enough, while some people overthink everything. If you’re an overthinker, it can be exhausting running through all the possibilities of everything. It’s not good that the what­ifs run your life and you are trapped. 1.________
Here are some signs that you are an overthinker, even if you don’t feel you are.
·2.________
Why didn’t the girl look at me？And why did Peter look away so fast？What does it all mean？！When you’re an overthinker, you tend to find meaning in the world around you. It’s helpful to remind yourself that things mean the meaning you give them.
·You think more than you do.
Sometimes you think so much that you don’t end up doing anything. You weigh the choices, decide which is the best, and compare it with a new choice. You end up doing nothing. 3.________
·You find it difficult to let things go.
When you’ve invested a lot of time and energy into something, it can be hard to let it go when it isn’t working. 4.________ The more you think about something, the more it can eat away at you.
·You want to get everything right.
You might be a perfectionist. You always do your best. But when you don’t get everything right, you seriously blame yourself. By recognizing that this can be a strength as well as a weakness, you should know that you simply can’t get everything right, despite your best efforts.
5．________ Remind yourself that you can balance your level of overthinking with more doing. You can even teach someone else who is thoughtless!
A．You may continue thinking about it even when you believe you have already let it go.
B．You assume that others know what you’re thinking about.
C．Remember that, instead of just thinking, it’s equally important to act.
D．You’re proud of the act that you’re always thinking.
E．You look for meaning in everything.
F．It’s even worse when you’re unaware that you are just like this.
G．Can any of the above signs be found on you?
【解题导语】　本文主要对过度思虑的一些迹象进行了简要的说明。
1．F　解析：根据上文中的“It’s not good that the what­ifs run your life and you are trapped.”可知，空处应是说明更深一层的坏处，所以选F项。
2．E　解析：根据文章结构及空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的小标题，且根据本段的内容及关键词“meaning”可知，E项能概括本段内容。
3．C　解析：根据本段的小标题You think more than you do.及空处前一句可推知，空处是作者针对该段描述的现象所给出的建议。故C项符合语境。
4．A　解析：根据本段的小标题You find it difficult to let things go.及空后一句“The more you think about something, the more it can eat away at you.”可推知，A项符合语境。
5．G　解析：根据上文“Here are some signs that you are an overthinker, even if you don’t feel you are.”可知，G项与之呼应，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·武汉调研)World Sleep Day falls on March 16. This year’s theme concerns sleep and women.
More women suffer from insomnia(失眠) than men, but only 4 percent of them go to a doctor to get help. A Beijing newspaper 1.____________(report) it recently. A study by 2.____________ international organization in the paper said that women 3.____________(age) 30 to 60 sleep six hours and 41 minutes a day 4.____________ average.
Young people have also been shown to suffer from a lack of sleep. Statistics from a Chinese medical research center show that in 5.____________(city) like Beijing and Shanghai, 40 percent of young people suffer from insomnia, and 80 percent suffer from great tiredness due to poor quality sleep.
Experts blame heavy 6.____________(press) and competition at work for poor 7.____________(sleep) habits. The long­term effects can be unhappiness, anxiety and depression, 8.____________ can in turn lead to chronic illnesses(慢性病), 9.____________(especial) in women.
There are, however, a couple of tricks for getting a good sleep, such as maintaining an optimistic attitude, keeping a regular, 10.____________(day) routine, or finding time for sports. Also, you can develop healthy habits, such as keeping the bedroom clean and avoiding tea, coffee, or wine before sleeping.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。今年世界睡眠日关注的是女性的睡眠问题。调查发现，许多女性睡眠不足，年轻人也是如此。文章介绍了导致睡眠不足的原因及其解决方法。
1．reported　解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“recently”，再结合上文可知，上述结果是北京的一家报纸报道过的，表示已经发生过的事情，故用一般过去时。
2．an　解析：考查不定冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一个国际组织”，且international的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
3．aged　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，空处作名词“women”的后置定语，应用age的过去分词形式aged，表示“年龄介于30到60岁之间的女性”。
4．on　解析：考查固定搭配。on average为固定搭配，意为“平均”。句意：在该报纸中一项由一个国际组织进行的研究表明，30到60岁的女性平均每天睡6小时41分钟。
5．cities　解析：考查名词单复数。根据该句中的“like Beijing and Shanghai”可知，该处指“像北京、上海那样的城市”，为复数意义，故填cities。
6．pressure　解析：考查名词。根据该句中“and competition”，再结合空前的形容词“heavy”可知，该形容词修饰两个并列的名词，故填press的名词形式pressure，表示“压力”。
7．sleeping　解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词habits，表示“睡眠习惯”，故填形容词sleeping。
8．which　解析：考查关系词。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作主语，指代前面的“unhappiness, anxiety and depression”，故填关系代词which引导该定语从句。
9．especially　解析：考查副词。空处修饰短语“in women”，故用副词形式。
10．daily　解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词“routine”，表示“日常生活”，故填day的形容词形式daily。