2020届高考英语二轮复习教师用书：2020届老高考英语二轮对点集训：第三板块第三部分第四讲说明文

Cloze 1

(2019·衡水二摸)As a child，I was always told to“eat my greens”．These were the unappealing vegetables that sat on the edge of my plate.Peas，and green beans，all looked and tasted __1__.Let's face it，when there were so many other delicious treats to __2__，why eat boring vegetables?

Since then my taste buds have __3__ and I'm also fully aware of the health benefits of eating fresh vegetables.But we still need __4__ of the amazing goodness these green super foods give us.In the UK，a campaign has been __5__ for several years to encourage us to eat our “5 A Day”—five portions of fruit and vegetables.That's __6__ evidence has shown there are significant health __7__ to getting at least five 80g portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables every day.

But I struggle trying to fit these five portions into my daily __8__，partly because I have a sweet __9__ and vegetables are，well，tasteless.Researchers have been __10__ how to make eating vegetables more __11__.They analysed the psychology behind our food __12__ and found that most of us are __13__ by taste.Brad Turnwald from Stanford University says that “studies show that people __14__to think of healthier options as less tasty for some reason.”

In Europe，a project called VeggieEAT has also been trying to find ways to get people to __15__ more  vegetables.Project leader，Professor Heather Hartwell believes in __16__ encouraging people into eating the right things.One idea has been to put a __17__ of a tasty looking fruit on a supermarket trolley as a __18__ about buying something from the fruit store after looking at the picture.She says，“Choice is a really __19__ thing.But making vegetables look attractive will increase their sales.”

Certainly，eating“twisted citrus­glazed carrots”does sound tempting，even if it just __20__ like a carrot，but if it makes us eat more vegetables then that can only be a good thing for our health.

[语篇解读]　 蔬菜对健康有益——这是一个众人皆知的道理。然而，我们有时候会因为偏爱其他食物的口味而对吃青菜感到很不情愿。本文探讨一项旨在提倡人们多吃青菜的研究，并介绍一些商家用来吸引顾客购买蔬菜的销售技巧。

1．A.disgusting　　　 B．delicious

C．ripen  D．sweet

解析：A　[根据上一句“These were the unappealing vegetables that sat on the edge of my plate.”，说那些讨厌的蔬菜总是散落在我的盘子边上。可知是说这些蔬菜不好吃，令人厌恶的。句意：长相恶心的豌豆、西兰花和青豆吃起来也很恶心(disgusting)。]

2．A.buy  B．prepare

C．offer  D．enjoy

解析：D　[根据“there were so many other delicious treats”可知是美味在前，是享受(enjoy)。故选D项。句意：有那么多好吃的食物，为什么还吃那些难吃的蔬菜呢？]

3．A.appeared  B．developed

C．existed  D．shrank

解析：B　[句意：从那以后，我的味蕾就发展(即改变)了，我还充分意识到了吃新鲜蔬菜对健康的益处。]

4．A.reminding  B．informing

C．warning  D．talking

解析：A　[句意：remind提醒；inform通知；warn警告；talk谈论。根据上一句“benefits of eating fresh vegetables”蔬菜的好处，可知是时刻提醒记得(remind)这些绿色“超级食品”给我们的身体带来的惊人益处。]

5．A.planning  B．aiming

C．running  D．intending

解析：C　[在英国，世界卫生组织为鼓励人们“每天吃5份果蔬”而发起的宣传活动已经进行(run)了好多年的时间。分析句意可知，是这种宣传活动进行了好多年。只有run才有“运转，或进行”之意。]

6．A.why  B．how

C．when  D．because

解析：D　[根据上文可知宣传活动持续了好多年是结果，原因就是因为(because)有证据表明，人们每天至少食用5份80g的水果和蔬菜会对健康有很大益处。]

7．A.needs  B．benefits

C．issues  D．risks

解析：B　[根据上题的内容可知，是说“人们每天至少食用5份80g的水果和蔬菜会对健康有很大益处(benefits)”。]

8．A.diet  B．education

C．work  D．exercise

解析：A　[根据上文每天至少5份水果和蔬菜，可知是日常生活中，即“我仍在努力把这5份果蔬纳入到我的日常饮食(diet)中”。]

9．A.tendency  B．preference

C．tooth  D．appetite

解析：C　[句意：部分原因是我爱吃甜食，而且觉得蔬菜很无味。have a sweet tooth，为固定搭配，“喜欢甜食”。]

10．A.showing  B．discovering

C．reporting  D．studying

解析：D　[句意：研究人员一直在研究(study)如何让蔬菜更具吸引力。]

11．A.appropriate  B．attractive

C．beneficial  D．independent

解析：B　[根据上句“vegetables are，well，tasteless”因为蔬菜无味，人们不喜欢吃，因此研究人员一直在研究如何让蔬菜更具吸引力(attractive)。]

12．A.choices  B．values

C．wastes  D．judgments

解析：A　[他们分析了我们选择食物时的心理。根据下一句可知，是我们对食物的选择(choice)。]

13．A.confused  B．disturbed

C．motivated  D．challenged

解析：C　[句意：他们分析了我们选择食物时的心理，发现大部分人都是受味道的驱使。]

14．A.manage  B．decide

C．agree  D．tend

解析：D　[研究表明，人们会因为某种原因而倾向于认为更健康的食物更难吃。]

15．A.grow  B．eat

C．store  D．harvest

解析：B　[在欧洲，名为VeggieEAT的项目一直在尝试找出能让人们多吃(eat)蔬菜的方式。后面“encouraging people into eating the right things”是提示。]

16．A.slowly  B．suddenly

C．firmly  D．seriously

解析：A　[慢慢地(slowly)鼓励人们进食恰当的食物。根据常识可知，想让人们接受某种东西，要慢慢地进行。]

17．A.variety  B．lot

C．picture  D．number

解析：C　[其中一个想法是，把看起来很美味的水果图片(picture)放在超市的购物车上，以此来暗示消费者去水果区域购买东西。根据下文的内容可知是图片贴在购物车上。]

18．A.sign  B．concern

C．clue  D．hint

解析：D　[根据上题的内容可知，把水果的图片贴在购物车上给消费者一种暗示(hint)。]

19．A.easy  B．complex

C．quick  D．casual

解析：B　[句意：选择是一件非常复杂的事情。根据上文意思可知让人们多吃蔬菜，选择健康的蔬菜水果是很复杂的(complex)。]

20．A.looks  B．smells

C．tastes  D．feels

解析：C　[当然了，“橘汁胡萝卜”这菜名听起来确定很诱人，虽然尝起来(taste)像是胡萝卜。分析句意可知，胡萝卜虽然名字不同，但尝起来还是胡萝卜的味道。]

Cloze 2

Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays __1__ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set.

At night，roads are brightly lit，enabling people and __2__ to move freely.Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the __3__ of every modern city.

In the home，many __4__ devices are powered by electricity.__5__ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are __6__ asleep，electricity is working for us，__7__ our refrigerators，heating our water，or keeping our rooms airconditioned.

Every day，trains，buses and subways take us to and from work.We rarely __8__ to consider why or how they run— __9__ something goes wrong.

In the summer of 1959，something did __10__ wrong with the power­plant that provided New York with electricity.For a great many hours，life came almost to a __11__.Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark，__12__ to do anything；lifts stopped working，so that __13__ you were lucky enough not to be __14__ between two floors，you had the unpleasant task of finding your ways down __15__ of stairs.Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) __16__ became as gloomy and uninviting __17__ the most remote back streets.People were afraid to leave their houses，__18__ although the police had been ordered to __19__ in case of emergency，they were just as confused and __20__ as anybody else.

[语篇解读]　 电是日常生活的一部分，如今，我们已经习以为常，以至于开灯或开电视时很少仔细考虑电的问题。本文介绍关于电的使用问题。

1．A.that　　　　　 B．thus

C．as  D．so

解析：A　[句意：电是日常生活的一部分，如今，我们已经习以为常，以至于开灯或开电视时很少仔细考虑电的问题。so...that...是固定搭配，意思是“如此……以至于……”。]

2．A.car  B．truck

C．traffic  D．pedestrians

解析：C　[句意：晚上灯光照亮的马路使人们自由通行，使交通畅通无阻。pedestrian意为“行人”，与空格前的people词义重复；car和truck都指具体的车辆类型，含义过于狭窄。综合考虑，此处应填入traffic。]

3．A.appearance  B．character

C．distinction  D．surface

解析：B　[句意：广告中使用的霓虹灯已经成为了每个现代化城市的一大特色。]

4．A.money­saving  B．time­saving

C．energy­saving  D．labor­saving

解析：D　[句意：在家里，很多节省劳动力的设备都是由电带动的。四个选项都是复合形容词，根据句意，此处填入labor­saving最合适。]

5．A.Only  B．Rarely

C．Even  D．Frequently

解析：C　[句意；即使当我们关上床头灯，睡得很熟时，电仍然在为我们工作……。根据句意，此处应填入even。]

6．A.fast  B．quite

C．closely  D．quickly

解析：A　[fast asleep为固定搭配，意为“睡得很熟的”。]

7．A.moving  B．starting

C．repairing  D．driving

解析：D　[此处的动词与our refrigerators连用，填入driving最合适，意为“使电冰箱正常运行”。]

8．A.trouble  B．bother

C．hesitate  D．remember

解析：B　[此处是说，我们很少费心思考它们为什么或如何运行。]

9．A.when  B．if

C．until  D．after

解析：C　[句意：直到这些交通工具出问题时，我们才会费心思考它们为什么或如何运行。前半句出现了rarely，含否定意义，与until搭配使用，意为“直到……才……”。]

10．A.go  B．mean

C．pass  D．find

解析：A　[句意：1959年的夏天，负责给纽约供电的发电厂真的出了问题。go wrong固定短语，出错。]

11．A.pause  B．terminal

C．breakdown  D．standstill

解析：D　[句意：许多小时过去了，生活几乎停滞不前。come to a standstill是固定搭配，意为“停住，停滞不前”。]

12．A.incompetent  B．powerless

C．hesitant  D．helpless

解析：B　[句意：火车无法开动，车厢里的人坐在黑暗中无能为力，什么事也做不了。此处指人处于停电的环境中无能为力，什么事也做不了。]

13．A.although  B．when

C．as  D．even if

解析：D　[句意：电梯也停止工作，即使你足够幸运，没被困在两层楼之间，也得自己不愉快地步行下楼梯。通过分析上下文，此处填入even if最合适。]

14．A.trapped  B．placed

C．positioned  D．locked

解析：A　[be trapped被困……。]

15．A.steps  B．levels

C．flights  D．floors

解析：C　[a flight of stairs是固定搭配，表示“(两个楼梯平台间的)一段楼梯”，本题中考查的是复数形式。]

16．A.time  B．instant

C．point  D．minute

解析：B　[in an instant是固定搭配，意为“瞬间，马上”，意思相当于immediately，故答案为B。in a minute意为“很快，马上”，一般用于将来时，不符合句意，故排除。]

17．A.like  B．than

C．for  D．as

解析：D　[as...as...为固定搭配，表示“像……一样”。]

18．A.for  B．and

C．but  D．or

解析：A　[句意：人们害怕离开自己的房子，因为虽然警察被要求随时待命，以防突发事件，但他们也像其他人一样疑惑和无助。结合上文，此处填入for最合适。]

19．A.stand aside  B．stand down

C．stand by  D．stand in

解析：C　[stand by准备行动，附近等待。]

20．A.aimless    B．helpless    C．unfocused  D．undecided

解析：B　[helpless无助的。]