2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题一第一讲　名词和冠词



语法基础是高考江苏卷的重要考查内容，主要通过单项填空题来考查。单项填空是高考江苏卷的重要题型，重点考查基础语法运用、词汇辨析、交际用语及习语。本书进行系统化复习，词汇与语法并重；加强训练，提高理解应用能力；讲练环环相扣，帮助考生高效备考，轻松增分！

第一讲　名词和冠词[学生用书P2]
　　单项填空对名词的考查主要包括名词的辨析、单复数、名词的固定搭配、名词的格、名词在特殊语境中的应用、名词的熟词生义等。冠词在近几年高考中未考查，但对冠词的基本用法也应掌握。
[学生用书P2]
　名词词义辨析
(Ⅰ) 示之以范 ____________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2019·江苏卷)Nowadays the ________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A．priority　　　　　　 B．potential
C．proportion D．pension
A　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：现在旅游的优先事项从购物转移到了食物和风景。 priority“优先事项，首要事情”；potential“可能性”；proportion“比例”；pension“养老金”。
2．(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________ you’ve made.
A．assignment B．association
C．acquisition D．assumption
D　解析：考查名词辨析。根据句中的actually可知选择assumption，表示“要努力弄懂事实上正在发生的事情而不是把你的行为建立在假设之上”。assignment“任务，作业”；association“协会，团体，联系，联想”；acquisition“获得，习得”。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
名词词义辨析主要考查考生对基本词汇的掌握程度和名词在具体语境中的运用。常见考查形式有：异义词辨析、同义词辨析和近义词辨析。在做题时，先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。
常考的几组名词辨析有：
1．cause，reason，excuse
2．award，reward，prize
3．sight，view，scene，scenery
4．anger，rudeness，regret，panic
5．condition，situation，state，position
6．reputation，influence，impression，attention
7．expectation，reputation，contribution，civilization
8．accommodation，occupation，adaptation，appreciation

在高考词义辨析题中，有一种“熟词生义”题型，即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的，但所考查的含义却是不常见的。
这就要求考生在掌握单词基本词义的基础上，善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的含义。　
常用名词的熟义和生义
名词
熟义
生义
failure
失败；故障
衰弱，减退
performance
表演，演出
表现；成绩
strength
体力，力量
优势，长处
point
点；要点；地点
意义
honor
荣誉；信用
尊重
form
形式
表格
cause
原因
事业
practice
实践；练习
惯例，常规做法
knowledge
知识
知道，了解
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(天津卷)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight ________ of rain later tonight.
A．effect B．sense
C．change D．chance
D　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：天气预报说今晚晚些时候天气将转阴，降雨的可能性不大。chance表示“可能性”，符合语境。effect“影响”；sense“感觉，意识”；change“变化”。
2．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)Widespread ________ about the worsening of environment caused by abandoned plastics has led Collins to name “single­use” as its English­language Word of the Year.
A．doubt B．concern
C．complaint D．confusion
B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：对废弃塑料造成的环境恶化的广泛关注使得柯林斯将“single­use”选为年度英语单词。concern“关切，担心”，符合语境。doubt“怀疑”；complaint“抱怨”；confusion“困惑”。
　名词的搭配

1．(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.
A．statement　　　　　 B．impact
C．impression D．judgment
B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我们能够观察到，人工智能在很多方面已对我们的生活产生了影响。A项意为“陈述”；B项意为“影响”；C项意为“印象”；D项意为“判断”。结合句意可知，应选B。
2．(江苏卷)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push­ups too to stay ________．
A．in place B．in order
C．in shape D．in fashion
C　解析：考查短语辨析。句意：汤姆总是在早晨慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持身体健康。in place“在适当的位置，在正确的位置，适当的，恰当的”；in order“整齐，秩序井然”；in shape“健康状况良好”；in fashion“流行”。根据题干中的goes jogging(慢跑)和does push­ups(做俯卧撑)可知，是为了保持健康(stay in shape)。

高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“介词＋名词”和“动词＋名词”。常考的名词短语：
(1)out of one’s reach 在某人够不到的地方
beyond recognition 无法辨认
in great demand 需求量很大
in progress 在进行中
out of question 不成问题；无疑
of great value(＝very valuable) 非常有价值的
(2)have/gain access to 可以获得
gain/have an advantage over 胜过，优于
take advantage of 利用，趁……之机
pay attention to 注意
make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理
find fault with 挑……的错；吹毛求疵
keep pace with 与……同步
put an end to 结束……
take notice of 注意到
take...into account 考虑……
catch sight of 看见
have a good reputation 有个好名声
make a difference 有影响；有关系

下列固定搭配中名词用复数形式：make preparations for为……做准备；take pains to do尽力，刻苦；make (both) ends meet使收支相抵；take turns to do轮流；be in high spirits兴致勃勃；make repairs修理；burst into tears放声大哭；in all directions向四面八方。　
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(浙江卷)Most people work because it’s unavoidable.________，there are some people who actually enjoy work.
A．As a result　　　 　 B．In addition
C．By contrast D．In conclusion
C　解析：考查语境选词。句意：大多数人工作因为这是不可避免的。________有一些人确实喜欢工作。 as a result结果，前后表示因果关系；in addition 况且，除此之外，前后表示递进关系； by contrast相比之下，表示前后对比； in conclusion总之，表示总结。由语境可知，此处表示前后对比，用by contrast，故C项正确。
2．(湖北卷)When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his ________ and had a bad fall.
A．balance B．chance
C．memory D．place
A　解析：考查语境选词。句意：当这个男孩追赶弟弟的时候，他失去了平衡，狠狠地摔了一跤。根据句中的had a bad fall可知，这个男孩之所以摔倒是因为失去了平衡，lose one’s balance意为“失去平衡”。 chance机会；memory记忆；place地方。
　抽象名词具体化

(山东卷)Being able to afford ________drink would be ________comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the　　　　　　 B．a；a
C．a；不填 D．不填；a
B　解析：不可数名词可以和不定冠词连用，表示名词的具体化。句中的a drink表示“一杯饮料”，后面的a comfort表示“一件令人感到安慰的事或一个令人感到安慰的人”。句意：在那些难熬的时光中，能买得起一杯饮料是一个莫大的安慰。

抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等的名词，通常不与不定冠词连用。但是，当这些抽象名词表示具体概念时，前面可加不定冠词，用来表示具体的人或物。常译为“一次……的事；一个……的人；一种……东西”。常见的此类名词：
单词
抽象名词
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
attraction
吸引
有吸引力的人或事物
beauty
美；美丽
美丽的人或事物
comfort
安慰；慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger
危险
危险的人或因素
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shock
震惊
令人震惊的事情
experience
经验
经历

1．We need an effective strategy to help children living in________ poverty to have the opportunity to receive________good education.
A．the；/　　　 　　　　　　
B．the；a
C．/；/
D．/；a
D　解析：第一空考查短语：in poverty，意为：在贫困中。第二空抽象名词具体化，receive a good education，意为：接受良好的教育。
2．(2019·南京十校模拟)Life for________disabled in Uganda is difficult，but for children it can be ________ shock that can never be overcome.
A．a；the
B．不填；a
C．a；不填
D．the；a
D　解析：句意：生活对于乌干达的残疾人来说是困难的，但对于孩子们来说，生活可能就是永远无法克服的一种震惊。第一空后是形容词，the ＋ 形容词表示一类人，the disabled残疾人；第二空属于抽象名词具体化，“一种震惊”。故选D。
　不定冠词的用法

1．(2017·浙江卷6月)For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.
2．(全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。
a university, a useful animal, a one­eyed dog, a European car, an hour, an honest boy, an X­ray, an ugly man, an honor等。
I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier.
作为一名超市收银员我每小时挣10美元。
2．不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。
They found an apartment in America. They were there for only a month.
他们在美国找到一个公寓，在那里待了仅仅一个月。
3．表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。
At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car parts.
那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。
4．表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。
As the old saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.”
常言道，冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。
5．“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一，再一”；“a most＋形容词”表示“非常，很”。
He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。
He put forward a most useful suggestion at the meeting.
在会议上他提出一个非常实用的建议。
6．具有某些特征、状态或情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用。如a success一个成功的人或一件成功的事。
The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger.
手术很成功，病人目前脱离了危险。
7．不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：
have a rest 休息
have a break 休息
take a walk 散步
have a look 看一看
in a moment 立刻
in a minute 马上
once upon a time 曾经
twice a month 一月两次
a type of 一类
a pile of 一堆
a great amount of 大量的
as a rule 通常
in a hurry 立刻
in a word 总之
in a short while 不久
have a good knowledge of 熟知

1．Society even glorifies “burning the candle at both ends” as a sign of our devotion to work and family.
2．Ms.La Rosa put forward a policy that not many teachers gave a second thought to at the conference.
　定冠词的用法

1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
2．(江西卷)They chose Tom to be thecaptain of the team because they knew he was a smart leader.
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．特指某人或某事。
The village where I was born has grown into a town.
我出生的那个小村庄已经发展成了一个小镇。
2．用在最高级或序数词前面或由only, very, same等修饰的名词前面。
As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.
众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
3．某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人，要想到用定冠词。
As far as I know, the Greens are going to move to Beijing.
据我所知，格林一家要搬到北京去。
4．在世界上独一无二的事物，西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前要用定冠词。
The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school.
这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴，经常放学后演奏。
5．用于the more...the more...(越……越……)结构中。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越小心，就会越少犯错误。
6．定冠词用于固定短语中
make the most/best of　　　　　 充分利用
in the end 最后
by the way 顺便说一下
in the distance 在远处
in the way 挡道
on the whole 总的来说
at the same time 同时
on the other hand 另一方面
to tell the truth 说实话
for the time being 暂时
on the spot 在现场
the other day 前几天
take the place of 代替
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of the most important art forms in China.
2．Jurassic Park is a movie directed by Steven Spielberg in which the hero fights bravely and protects his friends and family from dinosaurs.
　零冠词的用法

1．(江西卷)Animals are obviously________lower form of life than________man.
A．a；/ B．the；the
C．a；the D．/；/
A　解析：句意：很明显动物是比人类更低级的一种生物。form为可数名词，表示“类型，种类”，a form of意为“一种”；man用来泛指“人类”时，前面常不加冠词。
2．(全国卷Ⅰ)India attained ________independence in 1947，after________ long struggle.
A．不填；a
B．the；a
C．an；不填
D．an；the
A　解析：考查冠词。句意：印度经过了长期的斗争之后，在1947年赢得了独立。attain independence是一个固定
短语，意为“赢得独立”，这里不需要用冠词。第二个空格填入不定冠词a表示“一个/段……”，因此答案选A。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。
Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which you’ll make great progress.
记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯。
2．用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。
Are you going there by plane or by ship?
你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？
3．用于系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。
After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.
多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一名优秀的经理。

有无冠词意义不同的搭配：
at table在吃饭；at the table在桌子旁
at school在上学；at the school在学校
in hospital/prison住院/坐牢；
in the hospital/prison在医院里/在监狱里
in charge of掌管；in the charge of在……掌管之中
out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能
take place发生；take the place of取代　

1．In Germany，________successful project，which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”，has been running with________great success.
A．a；a B．a；不填
C．the；a D．不填；the
B　解析：第一个空是泛指修饰名词project；第二个空后的名词success是抽象名词。故选B项。
2．The peace­making spirit of Nelson Mandela，who was elected ________ president at the age of 76，has won him ________ worldwide respect.
A．/；a B．/；/
C．the；a D．the；/
B　解析：句意：纳尔逊·曼德拉76岁时当选总统，他的维和精神为他赢得了全世界的尊敬。句中的president指总统这个职位，作补足语时，前一般不加冠词；respect为不可数名词，故不加冠词。故选B。
[学生用书P5]
单项填空
1．(2018·天津卷)The ________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A．advice　　　　　　 　 B．order
C．possibility D．invitation
C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：宇宙中的其他行星上可能存在生命，这个可能性一直激励着科学家去探索外层空间。根据句意可知，这里用possibility表示“可能性”。advice“劝告”，order“命令”，invitation“邀请”都不符合句意。
2．(安徽卷)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some ________ and then let me know.
A．thought B．support
C．protection D．authority
A　解析：考查语境选词。句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。多思考(thought)一下，再让我知道。support支持；protection保护；authority权威。
3．(陕西卷)________ more learned a man is，________ more modest he usually becomes.
A．The；the B．A；a
C．The；a D．A；the
A　解析：考查固定句式中冠词的用法。句意：一个人越博学，他通常就越谦虚。分析句子结构可知，此处是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”句式，表示“越……，就越……”。前半句表示条件，后半句表示结果，故选A项。
4．(湖北卷)He gave himself a new name to hide his ________ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A．emotion B．talent
C．identity D．treasure
C　解析：考查语境选词。句意：当他去执行这项秘密任务的时候，他给自己起了一个新的名字来隐藏自己的________。根据题干中的a new name和the secret task可知，在执行秘密任务的时候他的“身份(identity)”是保密的。emotion情感；talent天才；treasure财富。
5．Although they had different views at first, they reached an ________ between each other eventually.
A．accommodation B．application
C．adjustment D．association
A　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：虽然他们一开始持有不同的观点，但最终双方达成了和解。accommodation“和解，调解，调和”，符合语境。application“运用，应用”；adjustment“调整，调节”；association“联系，联想”。
用适当的冠词填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face­to­face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400­pound male appears.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
3．(全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed，the other is with mum—she never suspects.
4．Then he opened one of his bags and gave me a handful of freshly picked cherries，explaining that he had just taken them from his orchard.
5．Later, her role as Queen Amidala in Star Wars made her an international superstar.

[学生用书P115(单独成册)]
(建议用时：30分钟)
单项填空
1．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)When you enter a hotel, the top ________ is to find out where all the available exit routes are in case you need to get out in an emergency.
A．privilege　　　　　　　 B．priority
C．preference D．principle
B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：当你进入酒店时，你的首要任务是找出所有可用的出口路线，以防你需要在紧急情况下离开。priority“优先事项，首要事情”，符合句意。privilege“特权”；preference“偏爱，偏爱的事物”；principle“规范，原则”。
2．(2019·南京、盐城一模)The health of garden plants depends on the soil ________ —the proper balance of mineral pieces, organic matter, air, and water.
A．construction　　　　　　　 B．conservation
C．corporation D．composition
D　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：园艺植物的健康取决于土壤的组成成分——矿物质、有机物质、空气和水的适当平衡。composition“构成，成分”，符合语境。construction“建造， 建筑”；conservation“保存，保护”；corporation“法人，大型公司”。
3．The audience burst into laughter because of the ________ of the tongue from the host, who said, “Good ladies, evening and gentlemen.”
A．slip B．slide
C．seal D．spit
A　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：由于主持人的口误，观众突然大笑起来，主持人说：“女士们好，晚上和先生们。” a slip of the tongue“口误”，符合语境。slide“滑动”；seal“印章，封条”；spit“唾沫”。
4．Mo Yan, a most widely­read writer，takes a complete new________ to describing China’s rural and folk culture.
A．way B．approach
C．passage D．entry
B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：莫言的作品被广泛阅读，他采用了全新的方法来描述中国的乡村民间文化。an approach to为固定搭配，相当于a way of，意为“……的方法”；passage指人们行走的“通道，走廊”，不符合本句要求；entry意为“进入，进入权，入口处”，不符合本句要求。
5．Music grows and evolves through the ________ of different cultures and styles.
A．interaction B．competition
C．connection D．interpretation
A　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：音乐是通过不同文化和风格的互相影响而发展和演变的。interaction“互相影响，互相作用”；competition“竞争”；connection“联系”；interpretation“理解，演绎”。
6．She was admitted to college and she had to make some ________ and learn to lead an independent life there.
A．progress B．adjustment
C．difference D．assessment
B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：她被大学录取了，因此她不得不做些调整并学会在那儿独立生活。adjustment“调整，调节”，符合语境。progress“进步”；difference“差异，不同”；assessment“评价，评估”。
7．The survey shows that the US is still a favorite ________ for studying abroad.
A．opportunity B．destination
C．challenge D．qualification
B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：调查表明，美国依旧是人们出国留学最喜欢的目的地。根据句意可知，此处应填destination“目的地”，故答案选B项。
8．—Mr. Smith, when can I go to America?
—I’ve made a ________ for you on the morning flight.
A．regulation B．presentation
C．reservation D．contribution
C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：——史密斯先生，我什么时候能去美国？——我已经为你预订了一个早班飞机的座位。根据句意，表示“预订”要用make a reservation。regulation“管理，规则”；presentation“展示，描述，陈述”；contribution“贡献，捐献”，均不符合句意。
9．Many people think that the sentence of death is too severe a(n) ________ for any crime.
A．defeat B．treatment
C．punishment D．injury
C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：许多人认为死刑对任何犯罪来说都是太严厉的处罚。a severe punishment表示“严厉的处罚”，故选punishment。
10．When asked what is the ________ of happiness, different people will give different answers.
A．habit B．source
C．origin D．resource
B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：当被问到什么是快乐的源泉这个问题时，不同的人会给出不同的答案。habit“习惯，习性”；source“根源，来源”；origin“起源，血统”；resource“资源”。
11．Though spending much time on events out of their control, they felt some ________ to be at an advantage finally.
A．amazement B．relief
C．curiosity D．nervousness
B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：尽管在不受他们控制的事情上花了大量时间，但最终能够处于优势让他们略感宽慰。amazement“惊讶”；relief“宽慰，轻松”；curiosity“好奇心”；nervousness“紧张不安”。
12．Finding information in today’s world is easy.The ________ is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not.
A．knowledge B．ability
C．competition D．challenge
D　解析：句意：当今世界找信息很容易，挑战在于你如何辨别你所获得的信息是否有用。A.知识；B.能力；C.竞赛；D.挑战，艰巨任务。故选D。
13．It is astonishing what you can do with chocolate if you have enough of it.Give full play to your ________ and have a try!
A．imagination B．puzzlement
C．attention D．qualification
A　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：如果你有足够多的巧克力，你能用它做出来的东西令人吃惊。充分发挥你的想象力去尝试一下吧！根据语境可知，此空填imagination“想象力”。puzzlement“疑惑”；attention“注意力”；qualification“资格”。
14．The patient’s family has expressed their ________ to the press in letters for the money raised.
A．purpose　 B．apologies
C．gratitude　 D．sympathy
C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：病人家属在信中为收到的捐款向媒体表达了感激之情。purpose“目的”；apology“道歉”；gratitude“感激；感谢”；sympathy“同情”。
15．(2019·江苏扬州中学质检)When you cast a________for others, you help them see their potential and their possibilities.
A．glance B．doubt
C．shadow D．vision
D　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：当你为他人投射一个愿景时，你帮助他们看到自己的潜力和可能性。glance意为“一瞥”；doubt意为“怀疑”；shadow意为“影子”；vision意为“构想，设想”。根据句意可知应选D项。
16．The ________ of cultures between Europeans and the Romanies led to many nations taking action against them.
A．cooperation B．similarity
C．convention D．collision
D　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：欧洲人和吉卜赛人之间的文化冲突导致了许多国家对他们采取行动。cooperation“合作”；similarity“相似处”；convention“习俗”；collision“碰撞，冲突”。根据语境可知选D项。
17．As is often the case, teachers’ ________ with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehaviors and laziness in school.
A．acquaintances B．negotiations
C．conferences D．consultations
C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：情况经常是这样，家长会上老师抱怨孩子们在校的顽皮和懒惰。conference“会议”；acquaintance“知道，熟悉”；negotiation“协商”；consultation“请教，咨询，磋商”。
18．For sustainable development, the government has decided to give ________ to those energy­conserving and environment­friendly businesses in many aspects.
A．permission B．profit
C．preference D．phenomenon
C　解析：句意：为了可持续发展，政府已经决定在各个方面给予那些节能环保的企业优惠。give preference to...“给予……优先权或优惠”；permission“允许”；profit“利润”；phenomenon“现象”。
19．The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual________ of 4，000 yuan for food and tuition fees.
A．award B．admission
C．allowance D．acquisition
C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：今年地方当局给每个大学生每年提供4 000元作为食物和学费的补贴。allowance“补贴，津贴”，符合语境。award“奖品”；admission“承认，入场费”；acquisition“获得”。
20．In Beijing opera, performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the________and depths of the characters’ personalities.
A．dimensions B．certificates
C．occupations D．consciences
A　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：在京剧里，表演者们被要求在脸上画上图案并着色，以帮助展示人物个性的广度和深度。根据句意，此处表示“广度”，所以要选dimensions。而certificate“证书”；occupation“职业，占有”；conscience“道德心，良心”，均不符合句意。
21．Many parents received a message about the class________ because of hazy days in Beijing.
A．inspection B．suspension
C．anticipation D．participation
B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：在北京，许多父母都收到了由于雾霾而暂时停课的信息。A项意为“考察，视察”；B项意为“暂停，暂令停学”；C项意为“预见，预期”；D项意为“参加”。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。
22．As a qualified lawyer, he must always consider the best interests of his ________．
A．clients B．colleagues
C．organizations D．companions
A　解析：考查名词。句意：作为一名合格的律师，他必须总是考虑其委托人的最大利益。client“委托人，当事人”，符合句意。colleague“同事”；organization“机构”；companion“同伴”。
23．Many people tend to assume that________ just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things.
A．imitation　　　　　　　　 B．imagination
C．innovation D．inspiration
C　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：许多人往往会认为创新仅仅意味着创造一些新的东西，但是事实上它远不止此，它(还)是一种做事的态度。imitation意为“模仿，效仿”；imagination意为“想象，想象力”；innovation意为“创新，改革”；inspiration意为“灵感，妙计”。故选C项。
24．When you think of “a life without limits” you have a(n) ________ to think that you can do anything.
A．opportunity B．situation
C．tendency D．advantage
C　解析：考查名词辨析。名意：当你思考“一种没有限制的生活”的时候，你会有一种觉得自己能做任何事情的倾向。tendency“倾向，趋势”。故选C。
25．(2019·苏北三市高三质检)Having a regular bedtime________is something people can do to lower their risk of becoming overweight.
A．arrangement B．activity
C．trend D．routine
D　解析：考查名词。句意：人们可以做的是有一个规律的就寝时间，这可以降低变胖的风险。routine“常规，惯例”，符合句意。arrangement“安排”；activity“活动”；trend“趋势”。
26．A trip to the forest park is a wonderful________ of my happy childhood，when I had no end of fun with my playmates.
A．adventure B．celebration
C．reminder D．attraction
C　解析：句意：一次去森林公园的旅行让我想起了我幸福的童年时代，那时我和我的玩伴们有无尽的快乐。A.adventure冒险；B.celebration庆祝；C.reminder 提醒，让某人想起……的事；D.attraction吸引力。根据题意选C。
27．She has a________for literature and reading classic books or articles has become part of her routine.
A．talent　　　　　　　　　 B．passion
C．requirement D．reputation
B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：她酷爱文学，阅读经典书籍或文章已经成为她日常生活的一部分。talent“天赋”；passion“酷爱，热爱”；requirement“要求”；reputation“名望，声望”。
28．—The rapid ________ of our city has caused many social and economic problems.
—That’s true.Our city is bigger than before, but our life isn’t as quiet as before.
A．exploration B．expansion
C．explosion D．evolution
B　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：——我们城市的快速扩张已经引发了很多社会和经济问题。——确实如此。我们的城市比以前大了，但我们的生活没有以前平静了。根据答语中的“Our city is bigger than before”可知答案选B项。exploration“探索”；expansion“扩大，扩张”；explosion“爆炸”；evolution“进化”。
29．He was faced with the________of whether to go abroad for further study or find a job to support his family after he graduated from college.
A．contrast B．difference
C．adjustment D．dilemma
D　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：大学毕业以后他面临着是出国继续深造还是找一份工作来养家糊口的两难境地。dilemma“(进退两难的)窘境，困境”，符合语境。contrast“对比”；difference“差别”；adjustment“调整”。
30．What I know is that I should sell healthy fruit to my customers, which is to say, I should follow my ________．
A．conscience B．dream
C．nose D．passion
A　解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我所知道的是我应该向我的顾客出售健康的水果，也就是说，我应该按良心办事。根据句意可知，conscience“良心，良知”符合语境。follow one’s nose“凭直觉”。
用适当的冠词填空
1．Students in Senior 3 are under great stress，because no one will take the risk of failing in the College Entrance Examination.
2．For cancer patients there may not be a bright future；today has to count.
3．—Many people don’t think much of the movie.
—I think differently.It is an exciting film.And the photographed scene in the movie is very beautiful.
4．Nancy couldn’t remember when she first met Tony.But she was sure it was a Sunday，because everybody was at church.
5．We planned to climb the mountain today，but in such bad weather，it seems out of the question.
6．In the eyes of children，playing on the Internet can only bring them great fun.
7．—What’s the schedule for this weekend?
—A greeting ceremony for Professor White will be held in the lecture hall.
8．I usually go to the coffee shop near my workplace to place an order for a drink, but this Wednesday, it was slightly different.
9．The Team­up Centre will offer an opportunity to young singers to showcase their talents in front of an audience of 5，000.
10．The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.
11．—What do you think we should do when an earthquake happens?
—In my opinion，go to an open space away from buildings or trees.
12．The teacher praised me for the progress I’d made，which was a great encouragement to me.
13．The Chinese government has decided to introduce more measures to improve the public transport system in the country’s crowded urban areas.
14．Drivers using mobile phones on the road are more likely to have accidents, a science report said recently.
15．We all sighed with relief when the plane finally landed safely.
16．If their disagreement comes to a head，you will be faced with an unimaginable challenge.
17．Jogging every morning is a good habit.Stick to it, and you’ll make great progress.
18．It’s great news for the driver that running a yellow light no longer results in a 6­point punishment.
19．University is a most worthwhile time of discovery and learning, and it is also a very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.
20．Tom，a shy boy，who lacks confidence，doesn’t get the attention he deserves.