2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题一第九讲　名词性从句


第九讲　名词性从句[学生用书P36]
　　名词性从句是高考的必考点，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。单项填空对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词上，其中连接代词that与what，if与whether是考查的重点。解决名词性从句问题的关键是：一、通过从句的位置辨别从句的类型；二、分析从句，看看从句中所缺少的句子成分和句意，最终确定选用合适的连接词。
[学生用书P36]
　主语从句

1．(江苏卷)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A．why B．what
C．as D．that
D　解析：考查名词性从句。名词性从句中句意完整，不缺少成分，因此用that来引导。句中It是形式主语，that引导的主语从句后置。本句句意是：通常对于那些怀揣希望的人来说一切都有可能。
2．(江苏卷)________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it.
A．That B．Why
C．Where D．How
C　解析：考查名词性从句引导词的选择。句意：中国的伟大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet是Li Bai的同位语，where Li Bai...was born 是主语从句，表示“李白出生的地方”。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．引导主语从句的连接词：连词that，whether等；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。
(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。
(2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。　
2．主语从句一般放在句首，但常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型有：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句
(湖北卷)Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements.
无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。
(天津卷)But what I still can’t figure out is why I never got tired，never felt better in my life.
但我仍然不明白的是为什么我从来不厌倦，从未感到我的生活更好过。
It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
这个新形成的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。
That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us.
我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。
It’s a pity that you are leaving.
你要离开了，真遗憾。

that与what引导名词性从句的区别
that在名词性从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“什么，……的事情，什么样的”。that引导宾语从句有时可以省略，引导其他名词性从句一般不省略，what引导名词性从句都不能省略。　
What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
让这本书如此非凡的是作者创造性的想象力。(what在从句中作主语)
It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
得知我们离开时狗会得到很好的照顾真好。(that在从句中不作成分)

当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的状语从句中引导词后直接接or not时，常用whether。　

1．Is it possible ________ the famous gallery will present the works of a new artist?
A．where B．how
C．that D．whether
C　解析：考查主语从句。句意：这家著名美术馆有可能展出一位新艺术家的作品吗？分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导主语从句，且从句句子成分完整，应用that。故选C。
2．—What has made John look like lacking sleep?
—________he has to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night.
A．When B．Because
C．That D．What
C　解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，答语是回答上面句子中的主语“What”的，故此句是一个主语从句，缺少引导词，而引导词在从句中不充当成分，故用“That”。
3．It makes no sense to us at all ________ the famous scientist will win the award given by the UN.
A．whether B．how
C．that D．why
A　解析：考查主语从句。句意：这位著名科学家能否得到联合国颁发的奖对我们根本没有什么意义。It是形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的主语从句，即whether the famous scientist will win the award given by the UN。

　宾语从句

1．(2018·天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A．whomever B．wherever
C．whoever D．whatever
C　解析：考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：金牌将会被颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何选手。本空需要连接词引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，指人，同时根据句意可知，应用whoever“……的任何人，无论谁”引导这个宾语从句。
2．(四川卷)The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution.
A．where B．why
C．what D．which
B　解析：考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：这次展览告诉我们为什么我们该做些事情来阻止大气污染。此处的从句用来作动词tells的宾语，因此该从句是宾语从句；根据句意可知此处要用why。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．引导宾语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，if；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how；从句用陈述语序。
2．宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到形式宾语或宾补之后。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/宾语从句
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate＋it＋宾语从句
(3)动词短语see to/depend on/insist on＋it＋宾语从句
(4)固定搭配bring it to one’s attention that/take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋宾语从句
3．一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。
4．在doubt引导的宾语从句中，若主句为肯定句，宾语从句的连接词用whether/if；若主句为否定句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词用that。
5．宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句在时态上保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；而当主句为过去时时，从句须用相应的过去时。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。
Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
专家们认为如果人们只在必要时购物，就会浪费较少的食物。
As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose whichever suits you best.
提供了多达五门的课程，你可以任意选择最适合你的一门。
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(浙江卷)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
A．what　　　　　　　　 B．who
C．that D．whoever
A　解析：考查宾语从句引导词的选择。句意：如果你在河里或者湖里游泳，一定要弄清楚水面下有什么。经常有岩石或者树枝藏在水里。分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后接了宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。who与whoever都可以作主语，但是不合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。
2．If you want to have great success in running the business, you need to choose ________ is the most capable as your partner.
A．whom B．which
C．whoever D．whomever
C　解析：考查宾语从句。句意：如果你想在经营公司上取得大的成功，你需要选择最能干的人作为你的合伙人。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的人”，应用whoever。
3. It is the modern city set up in________was a wasteland ten years ago________attracts a lot of excellent people throughout China.
A．what；which B．what；that
C．which；that D．where；that
B　解析：考查宾语从句及强调句型。句意：就是这座十年前在荒地上建起的现代化城市吸引着许许多多来自中国各地的杰出人才。从句子结构可以判断出，第一空为宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，从句中缺少主语，故选what；此题干为强调句型，强调的是句子的主语the modern city，set up...ten years ago作后置定语修饰city，故第二空填强调句型中的that。

　表语从句

　1．(2018·江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.
A．where B．when
C．why D．how
D　解析：考查表语从句。根据句中的By boat可知，此处应用how引导表语从句，表示到达这里的方式。
2．(2018·北京卷)Without his support, we wouldn’t be ________ we are now.
A．how B．when
C．where D．why
C　解析：考查表语从句。根据语境可知，此处用where引导表语从句。where引导从句且在从句中作地点状语。
3．(安徽卷)A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not ________ ships are built for.
A．what B．whom
C．why D．when
A　解析：考查表语从句的引导词。句意：船停在港口是安全的，但那不是造船的本意。从ships are built for来看，表语从句的引导词作for的宾语。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语，而whom指人，因此选what。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．引导表语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，as if/though；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how；从句用陈述语序。
2．as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
3．This/That/It is why＋从句(表结果)　“这/那就是……的原因”
This/That/It is because＋从句(表原因)　“这/那是因为……”
The reason why...is that＋从句　“……的原因是……” 　
(北京卷)The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.　对这位足球明星来说，最好的时刻就是他踢进制胜球的那一刻。
From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
I’d like to start my own business—that’s what I’d do if I had the money.
我想自己做生意——那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。
The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.
他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。
He was ill.That’s why he was absent.
他病了，那就是他缺席的原因。
It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.
听起来你好像来自美国南部。

if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。　
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(2018·北京卷)This is________my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A．how B．which
C．that D．what
D　解析：考查表语从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的——总是面对困难，并抱最大的希望。根据语境可知，此处用what引导表语从句。句中的to always face difficulties and hope for the best是what指代的内容。
2．(浙江卷)“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.” This is ________ my mother used to tell me.
A．what B．how
C．that D．whether
A　解析：考查表语从句。句意：“每次你吃甜点的时候，就喝点绿茶。”这是过去妈妈经常对我说的话。分析句子结构可知，空格后是表语从句，此处需要填写的是表语从句的引导词。表语从句中，tell后接双宾语，故直接宾语用what替代。
　同位语从句

1．(2019·江苏卷)Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A．what B．that
C．which D．where
B　解析：考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多的证据，这些证据表明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是evidence的同位语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，故用连接词that。
2．(天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A．whether B．that
C．which D．what
B　解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，且从句句意和句子成分完整，故用that。

1．同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分，但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether，when，where，why，how等引导。
2．接同位语从句的常见名词：fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等。
3．分隔式同位语从句。有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。
I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different.
我给自己做出承诺：今年，我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。
I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information.
我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的消息。
When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.
当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。

that 引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。　

1．How I envy Jones! She can eat super big hamburgers without fear ________she will put on much weight.
A．that B．which
C．whether D．where
A　解析：考查同位语从句。句意：我多么羡慕琼斯！她能吃超级大汉堡而不担心会发胖。fear后跟了一个同位语从句，从句意思完整且不缺任何成分，故用that。which“哪一个”；whether“是否”；where“在哪里”。
2．The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.
A．when B．that
C．whether D．how
B　解析：考查分隔式同位语从句。分析句子成分可知，“________ the meeting would be postponed”是同位语从句，解释说明notice的具体内容，从句不缺少成分，所以用that引导。
[学生用书P39]
单项填空
1．(北京卷)I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.
A．that B．where
C．what D．why
A　解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：我真的相信美来自内心。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句中不缺成分，应选择that，只起连接的作用，不作成分。所以答案为A。
2．(湖南卷)As John Lennon once said，life is________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A．which B．that
C．what D．where
C　解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的那样，当你们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离你们远去。________happens to you while you are busy making other plans为一个表语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用引导词what，表示“所……的事物”。which意为“哪一个”，与句意不符；that引导表语从句时，既不能充当句子成分，又没有实际意义，所以也不符合题目要求；where在从句中不能充当主语、宾语等。
3．(福建卷)—I wonder________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
A．where B．how
C．why D．if
B　解析：考查宾语从句引导词的选择。句意：——我想知道Mary这些年到底是________保持体形的。——通过每天锻炼。宾语从句中缺状语，由答语By working out every day.可知，宾语从句是问Mary保持体形的方式，所以应用how引导宾语从句。故答案为B项。
4．(全国卷)Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.
A．whether B．why
C．when D．how
C　解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：确切地说，马铃薯________被引进到欧洲还拿不准，但是可能是在1565年左右。分析结构可知，此处缺少主语从句的引导词。根据but并列分句中的关键信息around 1565可知，此处表示“时间”，故要用when引导主语从句。whether是否；why为什么；how以什么方式。以上三者均可引导主语从句，但与语意不符。
5．(湖南卷)You have to know ________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
A．what B．that
C．where D．who
C　解析：考查名词性从句引导词的选择。句意：你如果要计划到达那里的最好的方法，就得知道自己要往哪里去。分析句子结构可知，know后的________ you’re going是宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where。
6．I’ve long wondered ________ the snow loves the trees and fields so much that it kisses them so gently.
A．that B．if
C．how D．because
B　解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我一直在想雪是否如此喜爱树木和田野以至于它如此温柔地亲吻它们。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，作wondered的宾语，且表示“是否”，故选B项。
7．________you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A．When B．How
C．What D．That
C　解析：考查名词性从句。此句谓语动词为describes，之前的部分为主语从句。主语从句中缺少谓语said的宾语，故选用代词what作said的宾语引导主语从句；that在名词性从句中不作成分，只表示陈述的语气；而when和how为副词，不能作主干成分。
8．Can you tell me________the church will use the money it gets from collections？Will they use it to help the homeless?
A．how B．that
C．why D．what
A　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：你能告诉我教堂将如何使用募捐得来的钱吗？他们会用这笔钱帮助无家可归的人吗？根据语境可知，空处用how“如何，怎样”引导宾语从句。
9．There is a common belief among them________rubbish can and should be put to good use.
A．which B．if
C．whose D．that
D　解析：“________rubbish can and should be put to good use”是a common belief的同位语从句。从句中意思完整，结构完整，所以用that。
10．________one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A．Whoever B．Whatever
C．Whichever D．Wherever
C　解析：考查名词性从句。主句谓语为will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意“无论你们其中哪个人弄坏窗子都得为之赔偿”可知，选C.Whichever“无论哪一个”。
[学生用书P129(单独成册)]
(建议用时：30分钟)
单项填空
1．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)Actually, girls can be ________ they want to be just like boys, whether it is an engineer, a nurse or a general manager.
A．whichever B．whatever
C．what D．who
B　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：事实上，女孩完全可以像男孩那样成为她们想成为的任何人，不管是工程师、护士，还是总经理。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导表语从句，且在从句中作表语，表示“无论什么”，应用whatever。
2．Never turn down a job because you think it’s too small. You don’t know ________ it can lead.
A．how B．where
C．whether D．what
B　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：永远不要因为觉得一份工作不重要就拒绝它，你不知道它能引向何方。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故用where。
3．(2019·苏北三市高三质检)In many ways, the magic of AI is ________ it’s not something you can see or touch.
A．whether　　　　　　　 B．what
C．that D．why
C　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：在很多方面，AI的魅力在于它不是你能看见或触摸到的。这里考查表语从句的连接词，从句的语义和语法结构都完整，所以引导从句的连接词没有实际意义也不充当具体成分，故用that。
4．The question occurred to me________ we should go to get the car repaired. We were in the middle of the forest at that time.
A．where B．that
C．which D．when
A　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：我突然想起这个问题，我们该到哪里去修车，当时我们正在森林之中。根据后面“当时我们在森林之中”这一语境可确定应用where引导从句作the question的同位语。如果没有后面的语境，B项也是正确的。
5．There is no doubt, from my point of view, ________ matters is not what happens to you, but what you remember and how you remember it.
A．what that B．that that
C．what if D．that what
D　解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，from my point of view是插入语，There is no doubt that是固定句型，that引导同位语从句，且不能省略；同位语从句中包含一个主语从句，且连接词在从句中充当主语，同样也不能省略，故选D项。
6．People still don’t know ________ they should drink a cup of coffee in the early morning.
A．whether B．what
C．when D．how
A　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：人们依旧不知道他们是否应一大早喝咖啡。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，再根据句意可知，此处表示“是否”，故应用whether。
7．The traveler lost his way in the woods，and________made things worse was that it was getting dark.
A．that B．what
C．which D．as
B　解析：主语从句________made things worse 缺少主语，应用what引导。that在名词性从句中起连接词的作用，不充当任何成分。故选B。
8．Plants are very important.That is ________ they can make food from air, water and sunlight.
A．why B．because
C．how D．whether
B　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：植物非常重要。那是因为它们能利用空气、水和阳光来制造食物。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导表语从句，且表示“因为”，故选because。
9．Now the problem facing human beings is really not ________ the loss of sea ice can affect the global climate on a large scale, but how it cannot.
A．what B．when
C．where D．whether
D　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：现在人类面临的问题真的不是海冰的减少是否会大范围地影响全球气候，而是如何让它不影响(全球气候)。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导表语从句，且表示“是否”，故填whether。
10．There is a popular view________in city strangers are less likely to help an elderly person.
A．that B．whether
C．why D．how
A　解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空后的句子不缺少成分且句意完整，故选that，引导同位语从句，作view的同位语。
11．________ he will have his novel published in two weeks is really a surprise to all of us.
A．What B．How
C．Whether D．That
D　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：两个星期后他的小说要出版的事真的让我们所有人感到吃惊。空处在句中引导主语从句，且该主语从句句意和句子成分完整，因此用连词That引导该主语从句。
12．After investigation, the police found out one clue ________ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.
A．where B．when
C．that D．whose
C　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：经过调查，警察发现了一个线索，那天有人听到从某个很远的地方传来了求救声。clue后面接同位语从句，从句意义和成分完整，故用that引导。
13．I have no idea________ go there with her.
A．it is why that he will
B．why is it that he will
C．why it is that he will
D．it is why will he that
C　解析：考查宾语从句及强调句型。句意：我不知道他为什么要和她一起去那里。特殊疑问句的强调句型：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他成分。但是当特殊疑问词的强调句型作宾语从句时，应改为陈述语序，故选C。
14．When we arrived in________used to be called the “Foggy City”，we found London completely changed.London is now one of the capital cities in the world with the finest air quality.
A．which B．what
C．that D．where
B　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：当我们到达过去被称为“雾都”的伦敦时，我们发现它完全变了。伦敦现在成了世界上空气质量最好的首都城市之一。介词in后面的宾语从句缺少主语，此处应用what，故选B。
15．This still leaves the question of________local public services should be improved in the next five years.
A．whose B．how
C．when D．where
B　解析：句意：这还留下一个问题，那就是，在接下来的五年里如何改进当地的公共服务。本空需要连接词引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语，连接词在从句中作方式状语，因此用连接副词how引导这个从句。故选B。
16．Remember, happiness doesn’t depend upon who you are or ________ you have; it depends solely upon your attitude.
A．what B．whether
C．that D．which
A　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：记住，幸福不在于你是谁或者你拥有什么，它仅仅取决于你的态度。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句作upon的宾语，且连接词在从句中作have的宾语，表示“什么”，故选A。
17．________ you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.
A．Whether B．What
C．How D．If
A　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响到你的情绪。此处为主语从句，if表示“是否”时不引导主语从句，根据句意故选Whether。
18．Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact________he doesn’t have________ it takes to be a professional.
A．that；that B．which；what
C．what；that D．that；what
D　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：Dick喜欢画画，但他知道自己没有作为专业画家所需要的(素质)。第一空，that引导同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容；第二空，what引导宾语从句，并在宾语从句中作takes的宾语。
19．The teachers in the school are very kind.It doesn’t matter________ you have studied there for a short or a long time.
A．why B．how
C．whether D．when
C　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这个学校的老师非常友好，你在那里学习的时间是长还是短都没有关系。根据连词or就很容易判断出这里是whether...or“是……还是……”结构。
20．The child was not given a satisfying answer to his question________ he came from to the world.
A．which B．when
C．what D．where
D　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：那个孩子的问题“他是从哪里来到这个世界上的”没有得到一个让他满意的答案。此处的从句修饰名词question，说明的是question的内容，是同位语从句，再根据题干意义可知，此处缺少表示地点的引导词，故选D。
21．________ you do will be right because you are a wise and responsible man.
A．What B．Which
C．Whichever D．Whatever
D　解析：句意：无论你做什么事都是正确的，因为你是一位有智慧且负责的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个主语从句，在从句中作宾语，再结合句意可知此处应用Whatever。
22．________ David’s classmate wanted to tell him was________ great an effort his teacher had made to help him out.
A．What；what B．That；how
C．What；how D．What；that
C　解析：考查名词性从句。在题干中，was之前为主语从句，从句中him之后缺少直接宾语，故应用what作为引导词；was之后是表语从句，根据感叹句的句型“how＋adj.＋a/an＋名词＋主谓”可知，第二个空应用how，故选C。
23．—It’s my treat today.Is there anything particular you would like to have?
—________ you choose is fine with me.
A．Whatever B．Which
C．Anything what D．No matter what
A　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：——今天我请客。你有什么特别想吃的吗？——你选择的任何东西对我来说都可以。________you choose为主语从句，Whatever等于Anything that，意为“……的任何东西”。若选D项，应改为：No matter what you choose，it is fine with me.(状语从句)。
24．Our success depends on________ every team member played their own part well.
A．which B．it that
C．that D．what
B　解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我们的成功取决于每一个队员都很好地发挥了自己的作用。从句中不缺少成分，通常情况下引导词用that，但是因为作depend on的介词宾语，不能用that，所以这种情况下用形式宾语it。故选B。
25．Jackson is a considerate and selfless person who is always thinking of ________ he can do more for others.
A．which B．how
C．what D．why
B　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：杰克逊是一个体贴且无私的人，他总是想着怎么为他人做得更多。分析句子结构和句意可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，作of的宾语，且表示“如何，怎样”，故选how。
26．(2019·盐城模拟)I really don’t know________I put my wallet after I paid the bill.
A．where was it B．it was where that
C．where it was that D．where was it that
C　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：我真的不知道付了账之后我把钱包放在哪里了。强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，其语序为：疑问词＋it is/was＋that...。
27．Our teacher will give this precious dictionary to ________ wins first prize in the English contest.
A．who B．what
C．whoever D．whatever
C　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：我们老师将把这本珍贵的字典赠给在英语比赛中获得一等奖的人。根据句子结构可知，空处在句中引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，且表示“无论谁”，故选C。
28．(2019·南京四校联考)I’d like to work with________ is honest and easy to get on with.
A．who B．whoever
C．whomever D．no matter who
B　解析：考查名词性从句。所填词在宾语从句中作主语。who表达的意思不对，也不符合句子结构；whomever不能在句中作主语；no matter who不能引导名词性从句。
29．People all over the world have a dream________they will always live a peaceful life.
A．that B．what
C．which D．when
A　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：全世界的人们都有一个梦想，即一直过和平的生活。________they will always live a peaceful life为同位语从句，作a dream 的同位语，该从句不缺少任何成分，故选A。
30．The family spent a great deal of money decorating their new house, and that is ________ they have been stuck in debt so far.
A．because B．how
C．when D．why
D　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这个家庭花了大笔钱装饰他们的新房子，那是他们目前负债的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导表语从句，表示“……的原因”，故用why。
31．We have offered him the position，but I don’t have the slightest idea________ he will accept it.
A．how B．if
C．whether D．that
C　解析：句意：我们给他提供了这个职位，但是我一点儿都不知道他是否会接受这个职位。根据“I don’t have the slightest idea”可知，此处表示不确定，且连词在从句中不充当成分，故选whether表示“是否”。if也可表示“是否”但一般不引导同位语从句。
32．________ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences.
A．What B．That
C．This D．Which
B　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：国与国之间的时装差异可以反映出其文化的差异。因为该主语从句是一个完整的句子，不缺少句子成分，所以要用that引导。
33．________ the new road will be open to traffic has not been made clear.
A．That B．How
C．When D．Where
C　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这条新修的公路什么时候会通车还不清楚。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用When在句中引导主语从句。
34．If you want to live a long and healthy life, you should figure out________ you should and shouldn’t do.
A．that B．what
C．whether D．which
B　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：如果你想过一种长久且健康的生活，你需要弄清楚自己应该做的和不应该做的事情。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，表示“所……的事情”，故应用引导词what。
35．The old couple haven’t heard from their son for a long time and they are worried about ________ he is getting along.
A．what B．how
C．when D．why
B　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这对老夫妇许久都没有收到儿子的来信，他们非常担心他的状况。how sb. is getting along 意为“进展如何，状况如何”。why引导的名词性从句表示“……的原因”，不符合语境。
36．—Your sneeze tells me you may have a flu.
—No.It’s just________ I can’t stand the smell of the paint here.
A．when B．how
C．that D．why
C　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：——你的喷嚏告诉我你可能感冒了。——没有，我只是无法忍受这儿的油漆味。分析句子成分可知，“________I can’t stand the smell of the paint here”是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。
37．The man’s innocence was disbelieved until evidence came to light________ he was trapped by a group who had committed the murder.
A．that B．which
C．when D．where
A　解析：考查名词性从句。that引导的同位语从句，修饰抽象名词evidence。
38．I dare not believe that now many people still hold the belief ________ girls are not so valuable as boys.
A．why B．what
C．that D．how
C　解析：考查名词性从句。句意：我不敢相信现在许多人还认为女孩没有男孩重要。空处在句中引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容，且从句意思、成分完整，故填that。
39．The bride and groom gave________attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.
A．whomever B．whoever
C．whom D．who
B　解析：句意：新郎和新娘给任何一个参加他们婚礼的人发礼物以分享他们的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“________attended their wedding”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用whoever。
40．________ some animals came to live in the sea is not known.
A．Which B．Since
C．Although D．How
D　解析：考查名词性从句。选项B、C中的Since和Although不能引导主语从句；选项A中的Which虽能引导主语从句，但与some矛盾。