2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题一第七讲　情态动词和虚拟语气


第七讲　情态动词和虚拟语气[学生用书P27]
　　情态动词用来表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，在情景交际和虚拟语气中得到广泛使用。考点主要集中在情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词＋have done”结构的用法中。
[学生用书P27]
　情态动词的基本用法

1．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)The result is due to be announced tomorrow. Why ________ you know it now?
A．can B．might
C．need D．must
D　解析：考查情态动词。句意：预计明天公布结果。你为什么偏要现在知道呢？must“偏要，非要”，符合语境，“Why must you...？”为常用句型，表示“为什么你非要……？”，用以告诉某人其举止令人生气或困扰。can“能，会”；might“可能”；need“需要”。
2．(2018·江苏卷)It’s strange that he should have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．can和could的用法
(1)表示“能力”。
(2)表示理论上的可能性，“有时候可能会”，用于肯定句中。
(3)表示礼貌地请求，意为“能，可以”。could可代替can，表示委婉的语气。
(4)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好……”。
No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。
It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.
我的家乡三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。
You can’t be too careful while driving.
开车时越小心越好。
—Could I use your bike tomorrow?
——明天我可以用一下你的自行车吗？
—Yes，you can./No，I’m afraid not.
——是的，你可以。/不，恐怕不行。
2．may和might的用法
(1)表示允许、许可、请求，might比may的语气更委婉。当may用于疑问句时，其否定回答：No，...mustn’t。
(2)may as well＋动词原形“最好；倒不如……”。
—May I take this book out of the reading room?
——我可以把书拿出阅览室吗？
—No，you mustn’t.You read it in here.
——不，绝不可以。你在这儿读。
If you think the price of beef is too high，you may as well buy some pork.It depends on you.
如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。这由你自己决定。
3．must的用法
(1)表示必要性，意为“必须”。当must用于疑问句时，其否定回答为：No，...needn’t/don’t have to。
(2)表示偏执，固执，意为“非得，偏要”。
—Must you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?
——你一定要现在插话吗？难道你没有看到我正在打电话吗？
—Sorry sir，but it’s urgent.
——抱歉，先生。但事情紧急。
You mustn’t park here！It’s an emergency exit.
你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急出口处。
—Must I give up smoking?
——我必须戒烟吗？
—Yes，you must./No，you needn’t.
——是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
4．shall的用法
(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
—Will you read me a story，Mummy?
——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？
—OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
——好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。
—What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow，sir？　
——先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你？
—I haven’t decided on the time.But I will call you.
——我还没有决定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。
5．should 的用法
(1)表示劝告和建议，意为“应该”。
(2)表示推测、可能性、预期，意为“应该；可能”。
(3)用于表示感情或意志等的that从句中，意为“竟然……；居然……”。
There shouldn’t be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
既然你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没有什么困难。
I should go and visit him this afternoon，but I wonder if I will be free.
今天下午我应该去看望他，但是我不知道我是否有空。
It seems unfair that this should happen to me.
真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。
6．will和would的用法
(1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。
(2)表示习惯性动作，意为“总是”，will指现在，would指过去。
(3)表示功能，意为“能，行”。
The door wouldn’t open，no matter how hard she pushed.
无论她怎么努力去推，这扇门就是打不开。
Days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but wouldn’t say where he was.
几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。
Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
每天早晨，他总是沿着这条小河散步。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(2018·北京卷)In today’s information age, the loss of data can cause serious problems for a company.
2．(北京卷)I love the weekend, because I need not get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
　情态动词表示推测

1．(重庆卷)You must be Carol.You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
2．(陕西卷)You may feel all the training a waste of time，but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.


情态动词
用法
must
只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”
can/could
用于疑问句中，意为“可能”；用于否定句中，意为“不可能”，语气很强烈
may/might
用于肯定句表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中，意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气
—You needn’t take an umbrella.It isn’t going to rain.
——你不需要带伞，不会下雨的。
—Well，I don’t know.It might do.
——哦，我不知道，或许会下雨。
It can’t be the postman at the door.It’s only six o’clock.
门口不可能是邮递员，(现在)才六点钟。
You must be hungry after the long walk.
走了这么远，你一定饿了。
Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can/could it be that he was late for the meeting?
布什先生做什么事情都很准时。他怎么可能开会迟到呢？
技巧点拨 ____________________________________________原则这样解惑
情态动词表示推测三步判断：(1)首先看是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句。肯定句中一般用must/may/might；否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could。(2)然后看是对什么时间的推测；表示对现在的推测用“情态动词＋do”，表示对过去的推测用“情态动词＋have done”。(3)最后看句子语气的肯定程度，must(十分肯定)>may(不太肯定)>could/might(可能性较小)。

情态动词表示推测的误用
高考对情态动词表示推测的考查基本集中在must，may，might，can和could的用法上。
要切记：对现在和将来的推测用“情态动词＋动词原形”；对正在发生的动作的推测用“情态动词＋be doing”；对过去的推测用“情态动词＋have done”。
(江西卷)Life is unpredictable；even the poorest might become the richest.
生活是不可预料的，甚至最贫穷的可能变成最富有的。
—Look! There comes our head teacher.
——看！我们班主任来了。
—That can’t be him.He is in Indonesia.
——那一定不是他。他现在在印尼。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．—Has Peter started out？He said he would go hiking with us.
—He must_have_started(start)．He is a man of his word.
2．—The workshop next to the hotel was so noisy last night.
—You must_have_had(have) a sleepless night.
　情态动词＋have done

1．(2018·天津卷)I can’t find my purse. I could/might_have_left(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.
2．(福建卷)—Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.
—Oh，it’s too bad.You should have made full preparations.

情态动词＋have done
用法
must have done
过去一定做过……(肯定句)
can/could
have done
过去不可能做过……(否定句)
过去可能做过……吗？(疑问句)
续　表
情态动词＋have done
用法
could have done
本来能够做但却未做(肯定句)
may/might
have done
过去可能做过……(肯定句)
过去可能没有做过……(否定句)
should/ought to
have done
本来应该做但是实际上未做(肯定句)
本来不应该做而实际上做了(否定句)
needn’t have done
没必要做而做了
(陕西卷)My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who could have taken it?
我的书《哈迪斯之屋》不见了。会是谁把它拿走了呢？
We could have faced the difficulty together，but why didn’t you tell me?
我们本来能够一起面对困难的，但是你为什么不告诉我呢？
Mark needn’t have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.
马克本没有必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。
I can’t find him anywhere.Where can he have gone?
任何地方都找不到他。他可能去哪里了？
It’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else.
去他家没用。他可能没有回家，可能已经去了别的地方。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．—How exciting！I drove my new car at a speed of 120 kph on Sunday morning.
—Were you crazy? You might_have_killed(kill) yourself!
2．—Why are your eyes so red? You can’t_have_slept(not sleep) well last night.
—Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report.
　虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

1．(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A．accomplished B．had accomplished
C．would accomplish D．would have accomplished
D　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被组织好，否则的话他们会用那一半的时间完成任务的。此处otherwise表达了一种含蓄虚拟；otherwise前的内容所述的是过去的事实，相当于if引导的条件状语从句“If the workers had been better organized”，因此后半部分应用“主语＋would have done sth.”的结构。故选D。
2．(2018·北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they __________ a few more kilometers.
A．drove B．would drive
C．were to drive D．had driven
D　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们再开几公里，他们可能会找到更好的旅馆。根据语境可知，此处表示对过去事实的假设，从句中应该用过去完成时。
3．(江苏卷)If it ________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A．had not been B．should not be
C．were not to be D．should not have been
A　解析：考查虚拟语气。根据主句的时间状语now与从句的时间状语the other day 可以判断本题考查的是错综类虚拟语气。从句是对过去的虚拟，因此应该使用过去完成时态，选择A。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的具体用法

情况
从句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
与现在
事实相反
过去式(be的过去式形式用were)
would/could/
should/might＋
动词原形
与过去
事实相反
过去完成式
would/could/
should/might＋
have done
与将来
事实相反
(1)were to do
(2)should do
(3)过去式
would/could/
should/might＋
动词原形
If my brother were here，everything would be all right.
要是我哥哥在这儿的话，一切都没问题了。
If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off.
要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就会被推迟。
—John went to the hospital alone.
——约翰自己一个人去的医院。
—If he had told me about it, I would have gone with him.
——要是他告诉我，我就陪他去了。

在if引导的虚拟条件句中，条件句的谓语动词中含有had, were, should时，可以把if省略，把had, were, should提到句首，变为倒装句。　
Had you(＝If you had) come earlier, you would have caught the early bus.
如果你早点来，就能赶上早班车了。
Were I(＝If I were) twenty now, I would join the army.
如果我现在20岁，我就参军。
2．虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法
有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，被称为含蓄虚拟语气。常见的这类词或短语有：
without　　　　　　　　 (要是)没有
in case 万一；以防
but for 要不是
otherwise/or 否则
We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.
要不是一个电话，我们不可能在一起待一分钟。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(2018·天津卷)If we ________ the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
A．had caught B．caught
C．have caught D．would catch
A　解析：考查虚拟语气。根据句意和句中的时间状语可知，这是一个主从条件句的虚拟语气，条件从句中有时间状语yesterday，因此表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。
2．(2017·江苏卷)________not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A．It were B．Were it
C．It was D．Was it
B　解析：考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意：如果没有老师的帮助，这个学生可能克服不了她的困难。根据语境可知，此处考查了虚拟语气的用法，且句子省略了if并将were提到句首，使用了倒装结构。were it not for...“要不是因为……”。
3．(浙江卷6月)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS­related deaths ________ since their highest in 2005.
A．had not fallen B．would not fall
C．did not fall D．would not have fallen
D　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是政府和科学家合作的话，同艾滋病相关的死亡是不会从2005年的最高点回落(到现在这个状况)的。由从句中的“Had the governments and scientists not worked”可知，此处是省略了if的虚拟条件句，且此处是对过去状况的虚拟，主句中谓语动词应用should/would/could/might＋have done结构，所以选D项。
4．(安徽卷)It is lucky we booked a room，or we ________ nowhere to stay now.
A．had B．had had
C．would have D．would have had
C　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：很幸运，我们订了个房间，否则我们现在就无处安身了。本题考查了虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用，条件句部分在or中体现，相当于If we hadn’t booked a room，we would have nowhere to stay now.(主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气)。
　虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用

1．(2019·江苏卷)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.
A．had B．will have
C．would have had D．had had
C　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：多么遗憾！你错过了这次游览。否则，我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光。根据关键词or可知，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应用would/could/should/might＋have done。
2．(2018·江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ a second chance to become more involved.
A．had B．will have
C．would have had D．have had
A　解析：考查虚拟语气。根据“There is a good social life in the village”可知，时间的着眼点是现在，因此wish后的从句中的虚拟语气是对现在的虚拟，故选择had。
3．(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I________ it?
A．had done　
B．have done
C．did　
D．am doing
A　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？根据第一句话可知，打破窗户的人并非“我”，故此处应该用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。根据broke可知这件事情发生在过去，故用过去完成时态，表示与过去事实相反。一般过去时态表示与现在的事实相反，故排除C项。B、D两项都不表示虚拟语气。

1．wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望，其谓语动词构成形式如下表：

虚拟语气
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反
had＋过去分词
与将来事实相反
would/could/might＋动词原形
I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。
I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.
我多希望昨天见到了那个影星。
2．在表示要求、建议、命令等的动词后的宾语从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的此类动词有：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order，command
四建议：suggest，advise，propose，recommend
五要求：require，request，demand，desire，urge
It is strongly recommended that the machines (should) be checked every year.
强烈建议将这些机器每年检查一次。
3．在would rather后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语也常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词构成形式如下表：

虚拟语气
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一般用were)
had＋过去分词
与将来事实相反
与过去事实相反
I would rather they didn’t hear of the news.
我宁愿他们没有听到这个消息。
I would rather I hadn’t told him the bad news.
我宁愿我没有告诉他那个坏消息。
4．在It’s important/strange/natural/necessary...that...sb. (should) do...
It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference.
他有必要整理些信息供我参考。
5．当表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词作主语时，其表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的这类名词有：
advice 建议
decision 决定
demand 要求
desire 渴望
idea 想法
order 命令
proposal 提议
request 要求
recommendation 建议
suggestion 建议
We followed his advice that we (should) ask our teacher for help.　
我们接受了他的我们应该向老师求助的建议。
6．even if/though, as if/though等引导的让步状语从句、方式状语从句和目的状语从句中，其谓语动词构成形式如下表：
引导词
从句谓语动词
even if/though
与if引导的条件状语从句结构相同
as if/though
发生在主句动作之前
had done
与主句动作同时发生
过去时(be用were)
发生在主句动作之后
would/could/might/should＋动词原形
She looks as if nothing had happened to her.
她看起来好像什么事都没发生似的。
7．It is (high/about) time (that) sb. did/should do sth.
It is high time that you set/should set aside some time to think about your future.
该到你留出一些时间思考未来生活了。
当suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”时，从句要用陈述语气。　
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。
He insisted that he hadn’t stolen the money.
他坚持说他没有偷过钱。

1．He described all of the tourist attractions in detail as if he ________ all of them in person.
A．visited
B．would visit
C．would have visited
D．had visited
D　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他详细地描述了所有旅游景点，好像他亲自参观过它们一样。根据“as if”及句意可知，此处考查虚拟语气的用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况，应用过去完成时。故选D。
2．Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam________ at the age of six months old.
A．was B．be
C．were D．is
B　解析：考查虚拟语气。此处考查的是recommend后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，根据语法规则可知，从句中谓语应用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略，选B项。
[学生用书P32]
单项填空
1．(安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they ________ away in the past.　
A．had thrown B．will be throwing
C．were throwing D．would have thrown
D　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：现在人们回收利用很多东西，而过去他们会将这些东西扔掉。根据in the past可知，这里说的是过去的情况，对过去情况的推测或评说应使用“情态动词＋完成时”。故选D项。
2．(天津卷)I wish I ________ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.
A．will be B．would be
C．have been D．had been
D　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该有多好啊，但是当时我在纽约出差。I wish后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式(be用were)；表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用could/would do；表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had done。由空后的“but I was on a business trip in New York then”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反，故谓语动词用had been。
3．(重庆卷)Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway ________ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A．didn’t write B．hadn’t written
C．wouldn’t write D．wouldn’t have written
D　解析：考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意：假如没有战时的那些经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。当句中出现without，but for，otherwise等词时，句子的谓语动词用过去将来时(表示与现在或将来相反的情况)，或用过去将来完成时(表示与过去相反的情况)，本题很显然是与过去的情况相反，因此选择D项。
4．Many people often complain that if they ________ a second chance they would live their life to the fullest.
A．had been given B．are to be given
C．were given D．are given
C　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：许多人经常抱怨道，如果被给予第二次机会，他们会过最充实的生活。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句用了虚拟语气，此处表示对与现在事实相反的情况的假设，故if从句谓语动词用过去式。故选C。
5．If I ________ you were coming, I would have picked you up at the airport.
A．knew
B．had known
C．would know
D．have known
B　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我如果早知道你要来，我就去机场接你了。根据主句中的“would have picked you up”可知，本句用了虚拟语气，且表示与过去的事实相反的假设，故从句应用had done结构。
用适当的情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空
1．(重庆卷)I’ve ordered some pizza，so we ____________(not) worry about cooking when we get home tired.
needn’t　解析：考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：我已经要了一些比萨，因此当我们疲惫不堪地到家时，不必担心做饭的事情。根据前一分句I’ve ordered some pizza(我已经要了一些比萨)可知已经准备好了吃的东西，所以没有必要(needn’t)担心做饭的事情，故C项符合语境。
2．(湖南卷)—I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we____________(not) bring anything with us?
needn’t　解析：考查情态动词。句意：——我已经为这次野餐准备了各种各样的食物。——你的意思就是我们没有必要带任何东西了是吗？根据前者所说的all kinds of food可知，其已为本次野餐做了充分的准备，所以后者用反问的语气表示自己就没有必要(needn’t)再做准备了。
3．Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ____________ (drink) too much at the party last night.
must have drunk　解析：考查情态动词。根据空格后面的last night可知，Harry喝酒一事是过去的事情，结合语境可知此处表示对过去的事情的肯定推测，应该用must have done结构。
4．No one____________ be more generous；he has a heart of gold.
could　解析：考查情态动词。句意：谁也没他慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。根据句意可知应填could。
[学生用书P126(单独成册)]
(建议用时：30分钟)
单项填空
1．—It’s really great to have a computer to store my photos.
—Don’t count on it too much. It ________ break down and you’d better make a copy of them.
A．must　　　　　　　　　 B．can
C．should D．will
B　解析：考查情态动词。——拥有一台电脑来储存我的照片真是太棒了。——别太指望它。这个电脑可能会发生故障，你最好留个备份。can在此表示可能性，符合语境。
2．(2019·南京、盐城一模)Pele had bags of natural talent, but he ________ without the determination to deal with all the problems life threw in his path.
A．would never succeed
B．never succeeded
C．would never have succeeded
D．had never succeeded
C　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：贝利是很有天赋，但是如果没有处理生活中遇到的所有问题的决心，他是永远不会成功的。分析句子结构可知，本题考查虚拟语气。根据句中的“Pele had bags of natural talent”可知，此处是对过去的虚拟，应用“would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词”的形式。故选C。
3．—What a pity ! You missed my birthday party.
—Terribly sorry! ________ my uncle not visited me unexpectedly.
A．Should B．Would
C．Had D．Did
C　解析：考查虚拟语气。——真可惜！你错过了我的生日聚会。——非常抱歉！要是我叔叔没有突然来看我，我就不会错过你的生日聚会了。“missed”表明叔叔来访是过去事实，故条件句中用过去完成时表虚拟，且条件句中省略了if，故将had提到主语之前。故选C。
4．But for his generous donations, the animal shelter ________ two years ago.
A．would have been closed
B．was closed
C．would be closed
D．had been closed
A　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是他的慷慨捐助，这个动物收容所在两年前就被关闭了。根据But for引出的虚拟条件及时间状语“two years ago”可知，空格处表示对与过去情况相反的事实的虚拟，应用would have done结构。故答案选A项。
5．________ you were free at that time, I should not have done the difficult work by myself.
A．Do I know B．Did I know
C．Had I known D．Have I known
C　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我那时知道你有空，我就不会自己做那份困难的工作了。根据句意以及at that time可知，此句是对与过去事实相反的情况的假设，从句谓语应用过去完成时。当从句中省略了连词if的时候，应将had放在主语的前面，构成倒装。故选C。
6．(2019·南通二模)I wonder what my life ________ like now if I had found the strength to disobey my father and insisted on studying abroad.
A．would have been B．will have been
C．would be D．is
C　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我想知道如果我当时有勇气不顺从我的父亲，并坚持去国外求学的话，我现在的生活会是什么样子。根据时间状语“now”可知，主句表示与现在事实相反的情况，谓语动词应用 would do。
7．But for those interruptions，the meeting ________ half an hour ago.
A．was finished B．would have finished
C．would finish D．had been finished
B　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是那些中断，这场会议在半小时前就结束了。根据句意及时间状语half an hour ago可知设空处与过去事实相反，故选B。
8．I wouldn’t pursue my writing career now if I ________ myself as weak in writing when I was young.
A．defined B．should define
C．would define D．had defined
D　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我年轻时认为自己不善于写作，我现在就不可能从事自己的写作事业了。根据句意可知，这是一个错综时间条件句，主句同现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反。D项正确。
9．The upset mother thought to herself，“If only I ________ what’s going on in my little boy’s head right now.”
A．had known B．know
C．knew D．have known
C　解析：考查虚拟语气。if only 表示“要是……就好了”，谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，根据right now可知，此处表示对现在的虚拟，故谓语动词用一般过去时。
10．In terms of the high investment risk, I would rather you________ anything about it for the time being.
A．don’t do B．didn’t do
C．hadn’t done D．haven’t done
B　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：就投资的高风险而言，我宁愿你现在把那件事放一下。would rather后跟从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。表示一个现在或将来的愿望，要用一般过去时；表示一个过去的愿望，要用过去完成时。根据句中的“for the time being”可知，此处应用一般过去时。
11．When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups ________ nothing.
A．would mean B．would have meant
C．have meant D．had meant
A　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：当生活变得艰难，你想要放弃的时候，记住，生活充满了起起伏伏，而且，如果没有了低谷，那站在高处也失去了意义。根据句中的“without”可知，此处是对一般事实的虚拟，故谓语动词用would do形式。
12．________more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games，I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
A．If I devoted B．Had I devoted
C．Would I be devoted D．Should I be devoted
B　解析：考查虚拟语气。此处从句用过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反，如果省略if要用倒装句；主句用“would＋动词原形”的形式，表示与现在的事实相反。
13．I ________ that the experience I was heading for was anything but boring, had I read the brochure carefully.
A．realized B．had realized
C．would realize D．would have realized
D　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我认真阅读了手册，我就会意识到我所追求的经历一点也不枯燥。句中的“had I read...”采用了虚拟条件句的倒装形式，相当于if I had read...，是对过去情况的虚拟，故主句谓语使用would have done形式。
14．But for the help of my English teacher，I ________ the first prize in the 2015 English Writing Competition.
A．would not win B．would not have won
C．would win D．would have won
B　解析：此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might＋have done结构，根据句意要用否定含义，故选B。本句的条件是由介词短语(but for)表达的。
15．If I ________ my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.
A．took B．had taken
C．would have taken D．were to take
B　解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我早上出门的时候带伞了的话，我现在就不会被淋湿了。根据句意可知，空处表示与过去事实相反的情况，故选B。
用适当的情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空
1．I was ill that day, or I would_have_taken(take) part in the sports meet.
2．When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I had_answered(answer) your call.
3．It has been accepted that all the students shall put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.
4．I rewired the house and lowered the light switches so that Paul could reach things.
5．It is high time that you considered/should_consider(consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little.
6．As the deadline is drawing near, no one shall leave with his own work uncompleted.
7．My room is a mess, but I need not clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
8．Were(be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
9．If the new safety system had_been_brought(bring) into use, the accident would never have happened.
10．As Father and Mother thought it was a big occasion for me, they suggested I (should)_hold(hold) a birthday party at home to celebrate it.