2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题一第四讲　动词和动词短语


第四讲　动词和动词短语[学生用书P14]
　　单项填空对动词和动词短语的考查主要集中在动词和动词的辨析，尤其是在特定语境中的应用，动词和动词短语的熟词生义等。近三年常考的动词为：形似词、意近词、词缀相同词和无一定联系的词。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力，因此我们在平时的学习中应当重视理解句子的本义和引申义，逐步养成琢磨句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯，为正确运用英语词汇夯实基础。
[学生用书P14]
　动词词义辨析

1．(2019·江苏卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ man’s intelligence and creativity.
A．resembling B．reflecting
C．reviewing D．restoring
B　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人的手和思想的产物，它反映了人类的智慧和创造力。resemble“看起来像”；reflect“反映”；review“检查”；restore“恢复”。
2．(2018·江苏卷)Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might ________ the things they see.
A．indicate B．investigate
C．imitate D．innovate
C　解析：考查动词。句意：孩子们不应该看暴力影片，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的内容。imitate“模仿”符合句意。indicate“暗示”；investigate“调查”；innovate“创新”。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点，近三年常考的动词可分为四类：形似词、意近词、词缀相同词和无一定联系的词。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力，因此正确理解语境的含义是解决此类题的前提和基础。
1．常考形近词总结：
(1)translate，transport，transplant，transform
(2)conserve，preserve，reserve
(3)commit，submit，permit，admit
(4)inspect，expect，respect，suspect
(5)resist，persist，insist，assist，consist
(6)rise，arise，raise，arouse
(7)explode，explore，export
(8)require，acquire，inquire，inspire
(9)contribute，distribute
(10)aboard，abroad，board
2．常考意近词总结：
(1)win，defeat，beat，gain
(2)fit，suit，match
(3)cost，spend，take，pay
(4)affect，effect，influence
(5)announce，declare
(6)adapt，adjust
技巧点拨 ____________________________________________原则这样解惑
解答特定语境下考查动词意义的辨析题
对于特定语境下考查动词意义辨析的题目而言，一般来说，没有巧妙的解题技巧，解题步骤通常是首先判断题干的具体含义，接着确定选项的意义，然后结合二者选出答案。但是解题过程中仍然可以应用一些技巧：
1．找题干中的关键词，充分利用题干信息，很可能题干中有与选项意义或结构相呼应的关键词，这一关键词可能是名词、介词、副词、动词或不同的短语。
2．巧用题干的结构，有时候从题目本身的结构就可以排除某些选项或直接选出答案，比如利用被动语态这一特点可以将不及物动词排除在外。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(2018·天津卷)It took him a long time to ________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A．display　 B．acquire
C．teach　 D．test
B　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：他花了好长时间学习成为一个优秀舞蹈演员所需要的技能。根据句意，这里应该用acquire表示“获得，学到”。
2．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)William D． Nordhaus and Paul M. Romer were ________ the 2018 Nobel Prize in Economics for their work on the relationship of climate change and technological innovation to economics.
A．awarded B．distributed
C．guaranteed D．promised
A　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：William D． Nordhaus和Paul M. Romer因其在气候变化和技术创新与经济学关系方面的工作成果而获得2018诺贝尔经济学奖。根据句意可知，award“授予，奖励”，符合语境。distribute“分发，分配”；guarantee“保证，担保”；promise“许诺，承诺”。
　动词短语辨析

1．(2019·江苏卷)More wind power stations will ________ to meet the demand for clean energy.
A．take up B．clear up
C．hold up D．spring up
D　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了满足清洁能源的要求，更多的风力发电站将涌现出来。take up“占据，从事”；clear up“清理”；hold up“举起，阻碍”；spring up“迅速出现，突然兴起”。
2．(2019·天津卷)Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ________ what he was saying.
A．set aside B．take back
C．make out D．keep off
C　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但是听不清他在说什么。A项意为“暂不考虑”；B项意为“收回”；C项意为“听清”；D项意为“使避开”。结合语境可知，应选C。
3．(2018·江苏卷)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which ________ a clear road map and timetable.
A．calls for B．calls on
C．calls off D．calls up
A　解析：考查动词短语。句意：开发长江经济带是一个系统的工程，它需要一个清晰的陆路交通图和时间表。call for“需要”符合句意。call on“号召，拜访”；call off“取消”；call up“使回忆起”。

常考的动词短语
1．break短语
break away from脱离；放弃；break down损坏；(化学)分解；(汽车)抛锚；垮掉；break in闯入，强行进入；插嘴，打断；break into闯入；打断，突然……起来；break off打断；折断；break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发；break up(物理)分解；粉碎，破碎；结束；散开，解散
2．bring短语
bring about引起，导致；bring back把……送回，归还；使回忆起；bring down使倒下，降低；bring in引进；挣得；bring out使罢工，阐明，出版；bring up教育，培养
3．come短语
come about发生，产生；come across(偶然)遇见(或发现)；come off从……离开，脱落；come on来吧，赶快；come out出来；(书)出版；come to共计，达到；come up with追上，赶上；想出(主意)；找出(答案)
4．get短语
get across被理解；get along/on with进展；与……和睦相处；get down下来；记下；get down to开始认真干；get off出发；下车；get through通过；打通(电话)；用完，耗尽
5．give 短语
give away泄露；颁发；赠送；give back归还；使恢复；give in屈服；呈交；give off发出，放出(气味、光、热等)；give out用尽，耗尽；分发；公布；发出(光、热等)；give up放弃
6．hold短语
hold back隐瞒；阻碍；控制(情感)；hold out伸出；坚持，维持；hold up阻挡，使停顿；支撑得住；hold on等着；别挂断；坚持住；hold on to保留；抓住不放
7．make短语
make sense有意义，讲得通；make it及时到达；成功；make up编造；化妆；组成，构成；和好；make up for补偿，弥补；make room for让地方；make use of利用；make way for为……开路，让路；make up one’s mind打定主意，决定
8．put短语
put aside把……放在一边；put away收起来放好；储蓄；put back放回原处；推迟；put down放下；镇压；记下；put forward提出(计划、建议等)；提前；put off延期，推迟；put out扑灭；生产；公布；put through接通电话；put up提出；建造；举起；张贴，公布；留宿，过夜；put up with容忍
9．set短语
set about着手干；开始做；set aside暂时不考虑；把……放到一旁；省出，留出；set off 动身；引爆；引起，激发；set out开始；动身；陈述，阐明
10．take短语
take charge of负责，掌管；take in吸收；欺骗；take off(飞机)起飞；脱下；休假；迅速流行；(事业)腾飞；take on呈现；雇用；承担(责任)；take over接管，接任；take the place of代替；take up从事；拿起；占据(时间或空间)
11．turn短语
turn away转身，走开；turn down拒绝；调小；turn off关掉；turn on打开；turn out结果；证明是；关掉；生产，制造；turn over打翻；仔细思量；移交；turn to求助于；翻到，转到；turn up调大；出现
12．其他常考的动词短语
account for解释，说明；answer for对……负责，担保……；attend to处理，对待，照料；care about关心，在意，担忧；check in(在旅馆、机场等)登记，报到；check out结账离开；consist of包括，由……组成；contribute to有助于，导致；deal/do with对付，处理，涉及，论述；figure out想清楚，弄明白，算出；focus on/upon集中(精神、注意力)于……；glance at匆匆一瞥；glare at怒视；head for朝……行进；insist on坚持要求；object to反对；point out指出；reach out for伸手去够；refer to提到，指的是，查阅；meet with偶遇；rely on/upon指望，信赖；result from因……而产生，是……造成的；result in结果是，导致；see to照看，处理，负责；show off炫耀；stick to坚持，不放弃；speed up加快速度；suffer from因……而受苦；use up耗尽，用尽；watch out警惕，注意；watch over留心，注意；wear out耗尽，使筋疲力尽

动词短语的构成一般是比较固定的。有时，为了增加题目的难度或考查考生对动词短语掌握的灵活性，命题者会将结构固定的动词短语拆开，尤其是当动词短语的结构为“动词＋名词”或“动词＋名词＋副词/介词(如take notice of/take advantage of/pay attention to/look forward to等)”时。此种类型的试题一般而言分为三大类：
(1)将动词短语中的名词作为先行词，来考查动词短语中的动词、介词或副词。
(2)将动词短语中的名词作为主语，来考查动词短语中的动词。
(3)结合动词短语和定语从句考查“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词。　
The deep interest in literature he gradually developed helped him a lot in his later writing.
他逐渐培养起来的对文学的浓厚兴趣在他后来的写作中帮了他很大的忙。(develop an interest in)
He has a strange way of writing，and the sense of his note can’t be made of at first sight.
他书写方式很奇特，他的笔记第一眼根本看不懂。(make sense of)
With the development of the technology，the use of computer in teaching has been made of up to now.
随着科技的发展，到目前为止，计算机在教学方面已经得到了使用。(make use of)

1．(2018·天津卷)At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he ________ as she was so confident about her skills.
A．gave in B．dressed up
C．broke in D．turned up
A　解析：考查动词短语。句意：起初罗伯特不愿意让女儿去潜水，但是最终他妥协了，因为她对自己的技术很自信。从语境的连贯和四个动词短语的含义判断，本空选A“屈服，让步”。
2．More and more products of the early Internet are coming to an end. The same is true in China, too, where Tencent says it’ll ________ WebQQ.
A．shut down B．improve on
C．put forth D．set off
A　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：越来越多的早期互联网产品即将走到尽头。在中国也是如此，腾讯表示它将关闭WebQQ。shut down“关闭，停止运转”，符合语境。improve on“改进”；put forth“提出”；set off“出发，引发”。

　动词(短语)的熟词生义

1．(天津卷)The two countries are going to meet to ________ some barriers to trade between them.
A．make up B．use up
C．turn down D．break down
D　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：这两个国家将要会面以扫除两国之间的贸易障碍。make up“组成，构成，编造，虚构，和解”；use up“用完，用光”；turn down“拒绝，调低”；break down常见熟义：分解，出故障；生义：扫除(障碍)，清除(困难)，失败。根据句中的关键词meet(会面)以及barriers(障碍)可知是扫除障碍。
2．(安徽卷)Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today.It has really ________ the test of time.
A．failed B．stood
C．taken D．conducted
B　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：莎士比亚的作品当今依旧很受欢迎，它的确经受住了时间的检验。根据前一句“Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today.”可推知，后一句意为“莎士比亚的作品经受住了(stood)时间的检验”。stand常见熟义：站立，位于；生义：经受住，容忍，忍受。stand the test of time经受住了时间的检验，故选B项。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
熟词生义现在在高考中屡屡出现，有时会给考试带来不小的困难。应对的措施是在日常的学习备考中对于常见的词汇除了掌握其基本意义外，对于其不太常用的义项也要作适当的了解；其次要对一些具有“熟词生义”的词汇作强化记忆处理，以便在应考时做到胸有成竹。
1．常考动词的熟词生义
add vt.接着说，补充道；address vt.称呼；向……发表演说；admit vt.允许进入；容纳；attend vt.照料；照顾；decline vt.谢绝；婉拒；catch vt.理解；明白；count vi.重要；vt.认为；cover vt.走完(一段路)，够付(费用)，看完(多少页书)；drive vt.驱赶；escape vt.被忘记；fail vi.不足，缺乏；(视力、健康)衰退；follow v．理解；stand vt.容忍，忍受；hold v．容纳；occur v．被想到；operate vi.运转；起作用vt.经营；observe vt.遵守；奉行；present vt.介绍；赠送；promise v．使很可能，预示；run vt.竞选；运转；管理；succeed vt.继承；接任；wear v．磨损；经磨；耐用
2．常考动词短语的熟词生义
put up过夜；turn out出席，在场，到场；turn up被发现，被找到；work out以某种方式发展，锻炼；rule out排除；agree with适合；make out开出；stand up经得起；take on雇用；pay off 有回报，成功；结清工资并解雇(某人)；pay for为……付出代价；pick up康复；leave out不考虑；set aside省出，留出；set off引起，激起；take off迅速流行；break down(计划)失败
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．The athlete’s years of hard training ________when she finally won the Olympic gold medal in the 2016 Olympics in Rio De Janeiro.
A．went on B．got through
C．paid off　 D．ended up
C　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这个运动员最终在2016年里约热内卢奥运会上获得奥运会金牌时，她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。pay off熟义为“还清”，生义为“取得成功，奏效”，符合句意；go on“继续下去”；get through“完成，处理”；end up“最终处于……”。
2．We all agreed that the cottage would ________a perfect holiday home for the family.
A．make B．turn
C．take D．have
A　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：我们都认为这幢小别墅非常适合全家度假时居住。make在此为熟词生义，表示“适合做，宜用作”，符合题意。
[学生用书P17]
单项填空
1．(陕西卷)Peter will ________ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
A．take up B．put up
C．add up D．break up
A　解析：考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：彼得在下个月底将________旅行社负责人的职位。 take up开始从事，占据；put up张贴，挂起； add up增加，增添； break up瓦解，分裂。根据空格后的关键词his post as the head of the travel agency可知，此处表示“开始从事(某种职业)”，故选A项take up。
2．(湖北卷)In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to ________ that someone was moving about upstairs.
A．whisper B．signal
C．declare D．complain
B　解析：考查语境选词。句意：为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的pointed her finger upwards可知，她只是竖起手指示意，并没有出声。signal意为“示意”，所以选择B项。whisper 低语；declare宣布；complain抱怨。
3．(安徽卷)If you come to visit China，you will ________ a culture of amazing depth and variety.
A．develop B．create
C．substitute D．experience
D　解析：结合动词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：如果你来访问中国，你会体验(experience)一种具有惊人深度和广度的文化。develop发展；create创造；substitute代替。
4．(天津卷)Tom had to ________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
A．turn in B．turn down
C．turn over D．turn to
B　解析：考查turn短语意义辨析。句意：上个周末，汤姆不得不________参加聚会的邀请，因为他太忙了。turn in上交；turn down(把声音等)调低，拒绝； turn over翻转； turn to转向，求助。根据空后的the invitation to the party以及he was too busy可知，他拒绝了邀请，因此用turn down。
5．I’m impressed that so many retired people are often willing to ________ their time to help with community projects.
A．give of B．give out
C．give away D．give in
A　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：如此多的退休人员多次愿意抽出时间来帮助社区项目，这让我很佩服。give of“献出(自身、时间、金钱等)”，符合语境。give out“分发，耗尽”；give away“赠送，分送”；give in“呈交，交上”。
6．Some people investigated say they prefer the older green trains moving at a slower pace, which allow passengers to ________ the beautiful scenery outside.
A．describe B．imagine
C．appreciate D．recall
C　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：接受调查的一些人称，他们更喜欢那些行进速度稍慢的、古老一些的绿皮火车，那些火车使得乘客能够欣赏外面的美景。appreciate“欣赏”，符合语境。describe“描述”；imagine“想象”；recall“回想起”。
7．If you haven’t done any biology homework in weeks, you’d better spend this weekend ________ it—it’s due next Tuesday.
A．making up for B．keeping in with
C．going through with D．catching up on
D　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你这几周都没有做任何生物作业的话，你最好在这个周末补做。下周二就要上交了。make up for“弥补，补偿”；keep in with“与……友好相处”；go through with“将……进行到底”；catch up on“赶做，补做(未做的事)”。故选D。
8．The team are working hard to ________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.
A．face B．prevent
C．raise D．analyze
D　解析：考查语境选词。句意：这个团队正在努力________这个问题，以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。根据题干中的find the best solution可知，在找到最好的解决方法之前应该是先努力“分析(analyze)”问题。face 面对；prevent阻止；raise提高。
9．The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down.
A．wait on B．focus on
C．count on D．call on
C　解析：考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：整个球队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多(C罗)，而他也很少让他们失望。wait on等待；focus on全神贯注于；count on指望，依靠；call on号召，拜访。根据he seldom lets them down(他很少让他们失望)判断，整个球队都指望(count on) C罗，故选C项。
10．Don’t worry.I’m sure your missing glasses will ________ sooner or later.
A．stand out B．break up
C．get out D．turn up
D　解析：考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：不要担心。我敢肯定，你丢失的眼镜早晚会________。根据题干中的Don’t worry.和I’m sure可知，说话者是在劝慰对方并肯定丢失的眼镜会被找到，所以选turn up(出现)。stand out突出；break up破裂；get out 出来。
[学生用书P120(单独成册)]
(建议用时：30分钟)
单项填空
1．The Chang’e 4 lunar probe’s landing on the moon’s far side on Jan.3, 2019 ________ a new chapter in mankind’s exploration of the moon.
A．predicts　　　　　　　 B．marks
C．approves D．shapes
B　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：嫦娥四号月球探测器于2019年1月3日登陆月球背面，标志着人类探索月球的新篇章。mark“是……的迹象，成为……的征兆，表明”，符合语境。predict“预测”；approve“批准，认可”；shape“塑造，决定……的形成”。
2．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)China’s sci­fi feature film The Wandering Earth ________ 349 million dollars at the box office during its first week of release.
A．took in B．turned over
C．added up D．came at
A　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国科幻电影《流浪地球》在上映的第一周就获得了3.49亿美元的票房收入。take in“收进，赚进”符合语境。turn over“翻身，发动，营业额为……”；add up“(把……)加起来”；come at“涌向，涌至”。
3．Once you are in the habit of ________ life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down.
A．rushing through B．going through
C．settling into D．getting into
A　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：一旦你养成了匆匆忙忙生活的习惯，从早到晚都在奔波，你就很难放慢脚步。根据句中的“being on the go from morning till night”可知，rush through“仓促处理”，符合语境。go through“经历”；settle into“适应”；get into“参与，开始”。
4．(2019·南京、盐城一模)Last December China ________ 100 Chinese and 10 foreigners for their outstanding contributions to the country’s reform and opening­up.
A．distinguished B．sponsored
C．acknowledged D．evaluated
C　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：去年12月，中国对100名中国人和10名外国人为中国改革开放做出的杰出贡献表示感谢。acknowledge“感谢”，符合语境。distinguish“区分，辨别”；sponsor“赞助”；evaluate“评估，评价”。
5．—We found a buyer for our house, but then the sale ________．　
—Why not promote it by posting an advertisement online?
A．fell through B．got through
C．cleared up D．looked up
A　解析：考查动词短语辨析。——我们为我们的房子找到了一个买主，但后来买卖失败了。——为什么不在网上登个广告来宣传呢？fall through“落空，成为泡影”，符合语境。get through“到达，顺利通过考试”；clear up“转晴，清理”；look up“仰视，改善”。
6．(2019·苏北三市高三质检)Being an experienced lecturer, Mr. Black ________ his speech to suit a younger audience.
A．simplified B．addressed
C．exchanged D．delivered
A　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：作为一个经验丰富的演讲者，Black先生简化他的演讲来适应更年轻的听众。simplify“简化”，符合语境。address“演讲，写(收信人)姓名地址”；exchange“交换”；deliver“传送，发表”。
7．They ________ with joy when they heard that their class won first place in the relay race.
A．picked up B．split up
C．took up D．sprang up
D　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：当听到他们班在接力赛中获得第一名时，他们高兴地跳了起来。spring up“跳起来”，符合语境。pick up“拾起”；split up“分手”；take up“开始从事，占据”。
8．I prefer a table that can be________when not used so that it may save a lot of space.
A．cleared up B．folded up
C．fixed up D．taken up
B　解析：考查动词短语。句意：我喜欢不用的时候能够被折叠的桌子，这样它能节省许多空间。clear up清理，放晴，整理；fold up折叠；fix up安装；take up占用。根据so that的从句内容判断。故选B。
9．The plans got________in the approval process，so everyone had to stop and wait until the application forms came back from the ministry.
A．struck B．occupied
C．stuck D．delivered
C　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：计划在审批过程中停滞不前，因此每个人不得不停下来等待，直到申请表从部长那里返回来。strick打，敲击，打动；occupy占有，占用；stick困住；deliver传送；get stuck in被困住。故选C。
10．As time goes by, it’s inevitable that many new changes will be ________ in China’s stock market.
A．brought about B．put forward
C．set out D．left off
A　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，中国的股票市场不可避免地将会发生许多新的变化。bring about“引起，促成，导致”，符合语境。put forward“提出，推荐”；set out“陈述，出发，动身，开始做”；leave off“不包括，遗漏”。
11．We are not supposed to escape from difficulties in that they can ________ our best qualities.
A．make out B．work out
C．carry out D．bring out
D　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不应该逃避困难，因为困难能让我们最好的品质显现出来。根据句意，表示“使显现”要用bring out。而make out“理解，辨认出”；work out“算出，实现，制定出”；carry out“执行，完成”，均不符合句意。
12．He hadn’t been asked to the party and was feeling very ________．　
A．turned down B．broken down
C．stressed out D．left out
D　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：他没有被邀请参加晚会，他强烈地感到(自己)被忽略了。turn down“拒绝，调低”；break down“发生故障，分解”；stress out“使焦虑不安”；leave out“省去，忽略”。四个选项都为过去分词形式，表示状态；根据语境可知，因为他没有被邀请，所以他感到被忽略了。故选D。
13．The only way to live happily with others is to________their faults and admire their virtues.
A．overlook B．justify
C．clarify D．acknowledge
A　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：和其他人一起幸福生活的唯一方法就是忽略别人的缺点并赞美他们的优点。overlook忽略；justify证明；clarify分类；acknowledge承认。根据题意选A。
14．—How did Professor Li’s lecture impress you?
—I just heard his voice but couldn’t________ what he was saying.
A．pick out B．make out
C．think out D．squeeze out
B　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你对李教授的演讲印象如何？——我只是听到他的声音，但不清楚他说的是什么。pick out挑选出，认出；make out看清，听清；think out想出；squeeze out榨出，榨取。根据题意选B。
15．You have to find very experienced people to do all this work so as to ________ quality.
A．distinguish B．adjust
C．accumulate D．guarantee
D　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：你必须找非常有经验的人来做所有的这些工作以保证质量。guarantee“保证，确保”符合语境。distinguish“区别”；adjust“调整”；accumulate“积累”。
16．It is important that climate­friendly technologies should be ________ to developing countries to help them build a green economy.
A．transformed B．communicated
C．committed D．transferred
D　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：应该向发展中国家转让气候友好型技术以帮助其发展绿色经济，这是很重要的。根据句意，表示“转移，转让”要用动词transfer。而transform“改变，使……变形”；communicate“传达，交流”；commit“犯(罪)，做(错事)”，均不符合句意。
17．Since his father got ill in hospital last year, Tom has ________ the running of the family firm from his old father.
A．taken over B．taken off
C．taken up D．taken on
A　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：自汤姆的父亲去年生病住院以来，汤姆就从年迈的父亲手里接管了这个家族企业。take over“接管”，符合语境。take off“脱下，起飞”；take up“占据，从事”；take on“呈现，承担(责任)”。
18．As a teacher, I often use this celebrity’s experience to ________ the message to my students that they should have their own dream for the future.
A．declare B．convey
C．summarize D．attach
B　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：作为教师，我经常利用这位名人的经历来向我的学生们传达这样一个信息：他们应该有他们自己对未来的梦想。declare“宣布”；convey“传递，表达”；summarize“总结”；attach“贴，附上”。
19．Making your potential employer honest and ________ to you can give you insights into how happy you’ll be as one of their colleagues.
A．call out B．make up
C．open up D．get through
C　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：让你的潜在老板讲诚信且对你开诚布公会让你知道成为他们的同事之一是多么幸福的事情。根据题干中的“honest”可知，open up“直抒胸臆，畅所欲言”符合语境。call out意为“大声叫喊，呼唤”；make up to sb.意为“奉承，讨好”；get through to sb.意为“使某人理解(所说的话)”。
20．(2019·江苏名校摸底)If you want to know the flight schedule, please ________ at the booking office.
A．inquire　　 B．acquire
C．require　 D．request
A　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：如果你想了解航班时刻表，请在售票处咨询。inquire“询问，打听”；acquire“获得，得到”；require“需要”；request“请求，要求”。
21．It was the man________ on the bed with his eyes open who ________the book open on the desk just now.
A．lain；lay　　 B．lying；laid
C．lay；lay　 D．lying；lied
B　解析：句意：刚才将书打开放在桌上的人就是那位躺在床上睁着眼睛的男人。根据句子结构可知，这是一个强调句，即it was...who...结构。强调作主语的the man，其后的“lying on the bed with his eyes open”在句中作定语，修饰the man，lying是lie的现在分词形式，表示“躺，平躺”。后面的谓语动词laid的原形是lay，表示“搁，放置”。
22．Unless all his demands were ________，he would refuse to sign the agreement，he insisted.
A．met B．permitted
C．allowed D．replied
A　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：他坚持说，除非他的要求得到了满足，否则他拒绝签合同。meet(＝satisfy) one’s demands(wishes/conditions/needs)“满足某人的需求(愿望/条件/需要)”。其他三项不符合句意。
23．Now in China many young people ________ important positions in the government.
A．seize B．catch
C．grasp D．hold
D　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：现在在中国，很多年轻人在政府部门担任重要职务。hold有“担任，任职”的意思。如：How long has he held office? 他任职有多久了？
24．He really wanted a bigger pay raise but decided to ________ what they offered.
A．stand for B．allow for
C．answer for D．settle for
D　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：他(原来)真的想要更大幅度的加薪，但决定勉强接受他们所提供给他的(工资)。stand for“代表，支持”；allow for“考虑到”；answer for“对……负责”；settle for“勉强接受”。根据句意选D。
25．Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, through which I can ________ and see more clearly my own language.
A．take back B．look back
C．turn back D．get back
B　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：学习另一种语言就像走出一扇门，通过它我可以回顾并更清楚地理解自己的语言。take back意思是“拿回，撤销”；look back意思是“回顾，回头看”；turn back意思是“往回走，阻挡”；get back意思是“回来，恢复”。根据句意可知答案为B项。
26．He didn’t ________ what I read because his mind was on something else.
A．hold on B．catch on
C．take in　　 D．get over
C　解析：考查动词短语辨析。take in(＝understand)“理解”；hold on“(打电话时)不要挂断”；catch on“明白(作不及物动词用)”；get over“克服”。根据语境应选C项。
27．I think Jack will ________ a good monitor，so I’d like to vote for him.
A．turn B．change
C．make D．elect
C　解析：考查动词辨析。此处make表示“成为”。假如选择A项，应该去掉句中的不定冠词a。
28．Mary and John were once good friends, but then they had a quarrel and ________．
A．broke up B．broke off
C．broke down D．broke away
A　解析：考查动词短语。句意：玛丽和约翰原来是好朋友，但后来吵了一架便绝交了。根据题干中的“had a quarrel”可知，break up“绝交，解散”符合语境。break off“中止，折断”；break down“分解，出故障，镇压”；break away“逃脱，脱离”。
29．Thousands of soldiers are working to ________ food and blankets to the earthquake victims.
A．introduce B．distribute
C．submit D．present
B　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：成千上万的士兵正在给地震灾民分发食物和毛毯。distribute“分配，分发”符合语境。introduce“介绍，使初次了解”；submit“提交”；present“颁发，授予”。
30. —How much did the guy ________ you to fix your 4G mobile phone?
—I don’t remember，but it was quite a lot.
A．cost　　 B．spend
C．charge　　 D．take
C　解析：考查动词辨析。charge在此作动词用，是“索价”的意思。charge sb.some money to do sth.“为做某事向某人索价”。
31．Upon entering the room, I found the place comforted me even before my eyes ________ the dark.
A．set aside B．turned down
C．adjusted to D．drove away
C　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：一进入房间，甚至在我的眼睛适应黑暗之前，这地方便让我觉得很舒适了。adjust to“适应”符合语境。set aside“省出，留出”；turn down“拒绝”；drive away“驱赶”。
32．If you do fall out of the boat，your life jacket will help you to ________until we can find you out.
A．stay up　　 B．come up
C．make up　　 D．stand up
A　解析：句意：如果你从船上掉下去的话，你的救生衣会帮你不下沉，直到我们找到你。stay up“不倒，不沉”；come up“走过来”；make up“编造，组成”；stand up“起立”。
33．Everyone should learn something about first aid，for every second will ________ in an emergency.
A．play B．count
C．happen D．show
B　解析：句意：每个人都应该学点急救知识，因为在紧急情况下每一秒都很重要。play“玩”；count“起关键作用”；happen“发生”；show“展示”。
34．As we are companions in difficult situations, I will not ________， unconcerned about your troubles.
A．look on B．wait on
C．hang on D．catch on
A　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：既然我们是患难之交，对你的困难我就不会袖手旁观。look on“袖手旁观”；wait on“伺候，招待”；hang on“坚持”；catch on“理解，流行起来”。
35．Faced with a problem，you have to ________ it first，and then try to find a solution.
A．resemble　　 B．substitute
C．concentrate　　 D．analyze
D　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：面对问题，你必须先分析，然后尽力找出解决办法。resemble“看起来像”；substitute“代替”；concentrate“集中(注意力)”；analyze“分析”。由句意知选D项。
36．Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to ________ a scientific theory.
A．confirm B．claim
C．conclude D．calculate
A　解析：考查动词辨析。confirm“证实”；claim“声称，断言”；conclude“得出结论”；calculate“计算，估计”。句意：由观察和实验得出的证据通常被用来证实科学理论。
37．The little boy was so careless with his spelling that he often ________ letters from words.
A．left out B．left behind
C．left off D．left alone
A　解析：考查动词短语辨析。leave out“遗漏”；leave behind“留下，遗留”；leave off “停止，中断”；leave alone“不打扰；不干涉”。依据前面提及的careless可知，这里应该是将单词的字母遗漏了。故选A项。
38．—In New Zealand, the Maori people ________ a strong cultural tradition.
—We should learn from them in the effort to preserve our culture.
A．advocate B．maintain
C．establish D．digest
B　解析：考查动词辨析。句意：——在新西兰，毛利人保持着深厚的文化传统。——我们应该向他们学习，努力保护我们的文化。根据答语中的“preserve our culture”可知maintain“保持，保养，坚持”符合语境。
39．The government has agreed to pay the firms extra sums to ________ for their financial losses.
A．make up B．bring up
C．fill up D．look up
A　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：政府已同意付给这些公司额外的款项来弥补他们的经济损失。make up“弥补”；bring up“抚养”；fill up“(使)充满”；look up“查找”。
40．If you hear the fire alarm at ten o’clock this morning, don’t ________ it, for the engineers are merely testing it.
A．take possession of B．take advantage of
C．take notice of D．take charge of
C　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你们今天上午10点钟听到防火警报器(响的声音)，请不要在意，因为工程师们只是在测试它。take notice of意为“注意，理会”，符合语境。take possession of意为“占有，拥有”；take advantage of意为“利用”；take charge of意为“负责”。