全国统考2021高考英语一轮复习第2编语法突破专题十二特殊句式学案含解析
展开专题十二 特殊句式
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空，改编)Diets have changed in China—and so too ________ its top crop.
答案：has 该句是一个倒装句。当前面的句子是肯定句时，用“so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”表示“某人也……”。该句中助动词的选用根据前面句子的谓语动词来判断。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，70)China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
答案：feeding 此处是省略句。状语从句主语为it，谓语动词含有be动词时，可以省略it和be。由“连词＋doing”构成，表示主动的动作。相当于while it is feeding its citizens ... 。
3．(2018·天津高考，5，改编)—I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.
—You bet. Just let me know when, ________ I'll be there.
答案：and 该句式是“祈使句＋and＋简单句”，祈使句相当于条件，简单句相当于主句。
4．(2018·天津高考，14)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
答案：that “It is/was ... that ...”是强调句型。
5．(2017·天津高考，11)It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.
答案：that 本句中去掉It was 和空格所填词，句意完整，可以判断本句是强调句型，被强调的是时间状语从句when I got back to my apartment，故填that。
6．(2019·天津高考，12)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
答案：should they 此处表示否定含义的介词短语位于宾语从句句首，宾语从句要用部分倒装结构；情态动词should表示“理应，应该”，故填should they。
一 强调句
二 倒装句
部分倒装 | “only＋介词短语、副词、状语从句”置于句首时，句子部分倒装 | ①Only then did I realize the importance of learning English. ②Only after he came back was I able to see him. |
not, nowhere, never, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, by no means, in no way, in no case, at no time, under no circumstances等否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时，句子部分倒装 | ①Never in my life have I seen such a thing. ②Seldom does he come back on Sundays. | |
not only ... but (also) ... 连接两个分句置于句首时，not only分句用部分倒装 | Not only is he interested in football but he also plays it well. | |
no sooner ... than, hardly/scarcely ... when ... 结构中，no sooner/hardly/scarcely置于句首时，主句用部分倒装，且多用过去完成时，than/when后的从句多用一般过去时 | ①Hardly/Scarcely had he fallen asleep when a loud knock at the door awoke him. ②No sooner had I reached the station than the train left. | |
not until置于句首时，主句用部分倒装 | Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework. | |
so/such ... that句型中，so/such ... 置于句首时 | ①So moved was she that she could not say a word. ②Such a wonderful job did he do that he won our respect. | |
as/though引导让步状语从句时，常把名词、形容词、副词、动词原形移到as/though之前。如果作表语的是单数可数名词，要省略冠词 | ①Young as/though I am, I have made up my mind to become what I want to be when I grow up. ②Child as he is, he has to make a living. | |
so, neither, nor置于句首，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时 | ①I have never been to Guangzhou University; neither/nor has he. ②She has finished her homework; so has her brother. | |
在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中，从句谓语动词含有were, had, should等词，可将if省略，把were, had, should移到主语之前 | ①Were I you, I would take the challenging job. ②Had you come a few minutes earlier, you would have seen him. ③Should he be here next week, he would help us. | |
完全倒装 | up, down, out, in, away, off等表示地点方位的副词或there, here, now, then等置于句首时，若主语是名词用全部倒装，若主语是人称代词，则不倒装 | ①Here are some registered letters for you. ②In came a man with a white beard. ③Here he comes. |
表示地点的介词短语置于句首时，且谓语动词为be, lie, live, sit, hang, remain, stand, exist等表示“存在”的不及物动词时 | ①On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple. ②At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. ③In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. | |
主、系、表结构中的表语置于句首时 | ①Present at the meeting were Mr Li and many other officers. ②Gone are the days when we used the foreign oil. |
三 省略句
四 插入语
插入语通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，多用逗号与句子隔开，用来表示说话者对句子所表达意思的情感或态度，对句子表达起修饰、强调、缓和语气等作用。插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。掌握插入语不仅有助于正确理解句意，灵活运用插入语，在书面表达中还能提高作文的得分。
1．常用作插入语的副词
indeed 的确， surely 无疑， however 然而， obviously 显然， frankly 坦率地， naturally 自然而然地， fortunately 幸运地， strangely 奇怪地， honestly 真诚地， briefly 简单地说， luckily 幸运的是
2．常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语
most important of all 最为重要的是
worse still 更糟糕的是
3．常用作插入语的介词短语
in sum/short 简而言之
in his/my opinion 在他/我看来
in other words 换句话说
in a sense 在某种意义上
in general 一般说来
in my view 在我看来
in conclusion 总之
in fact 事实上
in addition 此外
of course 当然
as a matter of fact 事实上
for instance/example 例如
to my joy/delight/satisfaction 使我高兴/满意的是
to their surprise/astonishment/amazement 令他们惊奇的是
to her regret/disappointment 令她遗憾/失望的是
4．常用作插入语的分词短语
strictly speaking 严格地说
generally speaking 一般来说
judging from ... 根据……判断
5．常用作插入语的不定式短语
to be sure 无疑地
to sum up 概括地说
to be frank 坦率地说
to tell the truth 老实说
to start with 首先
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·山东省德州市武城县二中月考)Not until he retired from teaching two years ago ________ he consider having a holiday abroad.
答案：did 句意：直到他两年前从教学岗位上退休，他才考虑去国外度假。not until结构位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装语序，同时后面是实义动词，根据three years ago判断句子用一般过去时，答案为did。
2．(2019·邢台市高三第一次月考)It was through her study of caterpillars ________ she discovered the truth about their life cycles.
答案：that 句意：正是通过她对毛毛虫的研究，她才发现了它们生命周期的真相。此处是强调句型“it is/was ... that ...”，被强调部分是through her study of caterpillars，故填that。
3．I hope you'll visit China next month. If ________， I'd like to be your tour guide.
答案：so if so “如果这样的话”，属于省略。
4．Into the dark apartment ________ (walk) David，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy birthday！”
答案：walked 表示地点的介词短语置于句首，句子用完全倒装。由定语从句中动词的时态可判定此处用一般过去时。
5．(2020·吉林省梅河口市第五中学等校高三上学期联考)It was only when we took him to the vets on Saturday morning and got his chip scanned ________ we found out for sure.
答案：that 本句使用了强调句型，被强调部分为“when we took him to the vets on Saturday morning and got his chip scanned”，故填that。
6．—You didn't wait for Mr Smith last night, did you?
—No, but we didn't need ________. He didn't return home at all.
答案：to 作为实义动词的need后接动词不定式，to后省略了wait for Mr Smith以避免重复，省略时需保留动词不定式符号。故填to。
7．Strange ________ it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
答案：as/though 句意：尽管他的主意可能听起来奇怪，但会上的所有人都接受了。as构成的倒装结构为“n./adj./adv./v.＋as＋主语＋谓语”，though也可以这样用。
8．—I don't think that they will reach an agreement in such a short time.
—________ do I. It will take time to find a winwin solution.
答案：Neither/Nor 句意：——我认为他们不会在这么短的时间内达成协议。——我也不这么认为。找到一个双赢的解决办法需要点时间。当两个不同的人对同一件事表示同样的观点时，陈述第二个人的观点，句子可以用倒装省略的形式，即so/neither/nor＋助动词＋主语。根据上文中的“I don't think”可知，应用副词Neither/Nor。
9．When ________ (watch) the film in the theatre, the audience burst out laughing.
答案：watching 从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中谓语含有be，从句省略了主语和be动词，其完整结构为When the audience were watching the film in the theatre。故填watching。
10．“An awful accident ________， however, occur the other day，” the old man repeated, trembling all over.
答案：did 此处是对谓语动词occur进行强调，所以应用助动词do的相应形式；由“the other day”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事，应用do的过去式did。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Hello, Ladies and Gentlemen! Present at the meeting is the parents and teachers from our school.
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答案：is→are 该句是倒装句，主语是the parents and teachers，谓语动词用复数。
2．It was at that time when I realized how important it was to master a certain skill.
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答案：when→that 此句强调的是状语at that time，强调句型的结构是It is/was ... that ...，因此将when改为that。
3．Opposite our school lying a park, where a lot of people play or take exercise at any time.
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答案：lying→lies 表示地点的介词短语Opposite our school位于句首，句子全部倒装，即主语放在谓语动词后面。由定语从句的时态可判断此处谓语动词应用一般现在时。
4．Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
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答案：第二个I前加did not until放在句首，后面的主句要部分倒装。因为谓语动词是一般过去时，故要用助动词did并提到主语前面。
5．The bus was one hour late. Worse more, it picked up passengers on the way to our destination.
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答案：more→still worse still “更糟糕的是”，固定搭配。
