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考点十七 宾语从句
宾语从句是中考必考考点之一,主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序,有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。
中考考查重点:
1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择;
2. 宾语从句的语序;
3. 宾语从句的时态。
考向一: 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’ t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’ t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是"是否"。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
考向二: 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。
1. 陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。
He is an honest boy. The teacher said.
→ The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.
2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。
Does he work hard? I wonder.
→ I wonder if/whether he works hard.
【典例】 Miss Green didn’ t tell us _______________ in 2002.
A. where does she live B. Where she lives
C. where did she live D. where she lived
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态,故选D。
考向三: 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。
1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
He has told me that he’ ll leave for New York tomorrrow.
I don’ t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
【典例】1. Would you please tell me _______________?
A. when did he come home
B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film
D. why he didn’ t watch the game
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时,宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。
2. I don’ t know when _______________.
A. will the train leave B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave D. the train leave
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B项在语序和时态上符合要求。
2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the US soon.
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
He told me that the earth is round.
宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;
特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。
主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;
主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。
that引导的宾语从句
that 是宾语从句的一个引导词,放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来,故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中,that 作连接代词,无意义,在句中不作任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。
一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法
1. 位置:that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)、介词或形容词之后。
①作及物动词,如:say,think,tell,know,hear,see,hope,wish,remember,forget等的宾语。如:
She says that she will help me learn English this evening.
她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。
②作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in之后。如:
He is a good boy except that he is careless.
他是一个好男孩,只是有点儿粗心。
③作"be + 形容词"结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,如:sure,glad,certain,pleased,sorry,happy,afraid等,连词that可省略。如:
I’ m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。
2. 时态:主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态;主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较:
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
【特别提醒】
当主句是一般过去时,而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时,此时宾语从句用一般现在时,这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如:
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。
3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况:
引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略:
She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。
He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。
He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。
I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。
I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。
Everybody knows (that) money doesn’ t grow on trees. 众所周知,金钱是不会从树上长出来的。
I suggested (that) they should / shouldn’ t drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要沿着海岸开车。
【注意】有时为了强调,that引导的宾语从句可位于句首,此时that不可省略:
That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘,我是知道的。
4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况:
that在引导宾语从句时,并不是在任何情况下都可以省略,在以下几种情况下,that不能省略。
①从句的主语是that时,that不能省略;
We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。
②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时,有时省去第一个从句的连词that,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如:
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。如:
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:
We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday.
小张昨天没来,我们觉得很奇怪。
6. 宾语从句的否定转移。
在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,当主句的主语是第一人称时,谓语尽管是否定的意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式,英语称这种现象为否定转移。如:
①我认为今晚他不能来。
【误】I think he can’ t come this evening.
【正】I don’ t think he can come this evening.
②他认为我们现在不在教室里。
【误】He doesn’ t think we are in the classroom now.
【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.
【特别警示】
含有"否定转移"现象的句子,主句的主语必须是第一人称,此时,变成反意疑问句,附加问句要由从句来决定;如果主句的主语是其他人称,附加问句要由主句来决定。如:
I don’ t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对,是吗?
He thinks I can come, doesn’ t he? 他认为我能来,是不是?
7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如:hardly,never,seldom,no,few,little等,其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如:
We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he?
我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈,是吗?
8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时,只变主句,不变从句。实际上,我们经常把It is said that ...(据说……);It is known that ...(众所周知……);It is reported that ...(据报告……)等当作固定句式来运用。如:
It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。
疑问词引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how,which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序,即"主语+谓语"词序。
①带有系动词be(is,am,are,was,were)的特殊疑问句。
主句
宾语从句
Do you know
how old Liz is? 你知道兹几岁吗?
I know
how old Liz is. 我知道莉兹几岁。
I don’ t know
how old Liz is. 我不知道莉兹几岁。
宾语从句"how old Liz is"是主句动词know的宾语。how在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序,主语在动词前(Liz is)。
②带有(情态)助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句
When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗?
→ Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗?
→ I don’ t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。
What should I do? 我该怎么办?
→ Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我,我该怎么办吗?
→ Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我,我该怎么办。
Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里?
→ Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗?
→ I don’ t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。
③带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。
Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了?
→ Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗?
→ I don’ t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。
What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么?
→ Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗?
→ I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。
注意:
(1)由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序,故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子:
How much does this coat cost?
→ I want to know how much this coat costs.
Where did you go yesterday?
→ Please tell me where you went yesterday.
(2)当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时,该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序,所以当该句用来作宾语时,语序不需要调整。
What’ s wrong with you? 怎么了?
→ He asked the girl what was wrong with her.
What’ s the matter? 怎么了?
→ He asked the girl what was the matter.
What has happened to him?
→ We want to know what has happened to him.
if/whether引导的宾语从句
当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时,常用if或whether引导宾语从句,if/whether意为"是否"。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see,ask,say,learn,tell,wonder,doubt,find out,be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后,二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中,可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性,两者都算标准。
I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。
Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam.
爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。
Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。
He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。
【拓展】
一般情况下,if和whether可互换,在口语中多用if, 而在以下几种情况下,只能用whether。
1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时,或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether,不用if。
I don’ t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。
I don’ t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I don’ t know whether he will win or not.
I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not.
2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。
He dosen’ t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。
Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。
Whether to go or stay is still a question.
I’ m not sure whether to stay or leave.
I didn’ t know whether to laugh or to cry.
3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句,而If则不能。
It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
I haven’ t settled the question of whether I’ ll go back home.
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,用whether,不用if。
Whether this is true, I can’ t say. Whether he is single, I don’ t know.
Whether this is true, I can’ t say.
Whether he is single, I don’ t know.
5. 在某些动词(如discuss,decide)之后,只能用whether,而不用if引导宾语从句。
We discussed whether we should close the shop. (虚拟语气)
We discussed whether we should go there by plane.(虚拟语气)
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. (虚拟语气)
6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时,只能用if,而不用whether。
He asked me if I hadn’ t finished my work.
注意:doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’ t doubt 意为相信,不怀疑,if是否表示疑虑。
I. 句型转换
1. I wonder where we should go next.
Could you tell me where we _________ _________ next? (同义句)
Could you tell me where _________ _________ next? (同义句)
2. He can’ t come to the party today. I think. (合并成一句)
I _________ think he _________ to the party tomorrow.
3. 你能告诉我一个度假的好地方吗?
Could you tell me _________ _________ _________ _________ go for vacation?
4. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? (改为复合句)
Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
5. I got home in the rain. I left my umbrella in the classroom. (合并为一句)
When I _________ home in the rain, I realized I_________ _________my umbrella in the classroom.
6. Don’ t play football in the street. The policeman told the boys.(合并为一句)
The policeman told the boys_________ _________ play football in the street.
7. 你能告诉我重庆哪里有博物馆吗?
Could you tell me _________ _________ _________ a museum in Chongqing?
II. 单项选择
1. The teacher told us _____________ the earth moves around the sun.
A. whether B. if C. who D. that
2. Mr. Zhang doesn’ t doubt _____________ Mike has told his parents the truth.
A. whether B. who C. when D. that
3. —Excuse me, could you please tell me if the meeting _____________ on time?
—If it _____________ tomorrow, we’ ll have to put it off.
A. will hold;snows B. will be held;snows
C. will be held;snow D. holds;will snow
4. I know _____________ I promised to take you to dinner, but I won’ t finish working until ten o’ clock.
A. if B. that C. what D. why
1. 【2019 • 福建省中考】We don’ t know ___________, but it tells us the importance of friendship.
A. what the story is about B. whether the story is true C. when did the story take place
2. 【2019 • 广西省百色市】—I want to know ___________ we will have the meeting.
—Maybe in the classroom.
A. where B. when C. who D. whether
3. 【2019 • 黑龙江省哈尔滨市】—Excuse me, could you tell me ___________?
—Certainly. Go along the street and you will find it on the right.
A. how can I get to the radio station
B. how I can get to the radio station
C. why I can get to the radio station
4. 【2019 • 湖南省湘西州】—Hi,Shirley.Could you tell me ___________?
—At 11:30 tomorrow morning.
A. when you will arrive B. when will you arrive C. where you will arrive
5. 【2019 • 湖南省岳阳市】I’ ll never forget the story ___________.
A. that cheers me up B. who cheers me up C. what cheers me up
6. 【2019 • 江苏省南京市】—I wonder ___________.
—Someone who can make me a better person.
A. when you often meet your friends B. how you make your friends happy
C. who you want to make friends with D. where you spend weekends with friends
7. 【2019 • 四川省凉山州】—Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me ___________ it?
—OK. I bought it in a store online.
A. where you bought B. where do you buy
C. when you buy D. when did you buy
8. 【2019 • 四川省自贡市】—Excuse me. Could you tell me ___________ about the Black Hole?
—Of course. You can check it on this computer.
A. how can I get the information
B. what information can I get
C. where I can get the information
9. 【2019 • 天津市中考】—Could you tell me ___________ for the fruit?
—By paying over the Internet.
A. how much will I pay B. how much I will pay
C. how will I pay D. how I will pay
10. 【2019 • 贵州省安顺市】—Could you please tell me ___________?
—It’ s next to the People’ s Bank of China.
A. where is Wang Ruofei Square B. where Wang Ruofei Square is
C. where was Wang Ruofei Square D. where Wang Ruofei Square was
1. (江苏省盐城市阜宁县2019届九年级上学期期中考试)I never doubt _____________ his advice is of great value to me.
A. that B. whether C. how D. what
2. (陕西省师范大学附属中学2018届九年级上学期期中考试)—Jim finds _____________ easy to remember all the English words in these ways.
—_____________ smart child he is!
A. it; How B. that; How C. it; What a D. that; What a
3. (四川省苍溪县东溪片区2018届九年级上学期第一次月考)I wonder _____________ June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.
A. that B. when C. whether
4. (江苏省常州市2017届九年级下学期教学情况调研测试)—Do you think ____________ he has taken the bag?
—_____________ I’ m mistaken.
A. that; Until B. whether; If
C. that; Unless D. whether; Unless
5.(江苏省无锡市青阳片2017届九年级下学期期中)No one doubted _____________ the Germans _____________ win the 2018World Cup again.
A. if; can B. whether; could
C. that; could D. that; can
6. (江苏省徐州市部分学校2017届九年级二模联考)—The project is so difficult for your cousin.
—Yes, I am wondering ___________.
A. that he will finish it on time. B. how could I help him out
C. whether he can finish it by himself D. if can I do anything for him
7. (2019年浙江省温州瓯海中考二模)—Could you please tell me ___________?
—They can be reused many times. In this way, we can help make the earth greener.
A. how often they walk to school
B. why we’d better use china cups and cloth bags
C. if you turn off the lights when you do not need them
D. why we divide the waste into plastic, glass, paper and rubber
8. (青海省西宁二十一中2017-2018学年九年级9月月考)—I’ d like to know ___________.
—Maybe in the forest.
A. whether we will go camping B. where we will go camping
C. whether will we go camping D. where will we go camping
9. (安徽省蚌埠市固镇县第三中学2018届九年级上学期第一次月考)—Do you know _____________ the 2020 Summer Olympic Games will be held?
—Yes. In Tokyo, Japan.
A. when B. how C. why D. where
10.(安徽省亳州市利辛县2018届九年级10月月考)—Could you please tell me _____________ get to Chaohu East Station?
—You can ride a bike.
A. when we can B. how we can
C. when can we D. how can we
跟踪训练
I. 句型转换
1. could go;to go 2. don’ t;can 3. a good place to 4. if;enjoys
5. got;had left 6. not to 7. where there is
II. 单项选择
1. D 【解析】句意:老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。A. whether 是否;B. if 如果,是否;C. who 谁;D. that引导宾语从句时无意思。通过told可知,老师在告诉我们一个客观事实,不是表疑问,只有that引导的宾语从句不表疑问,在这里that在宾语从句中不作任何成分,故答案选D。
2. D 【解析】句意:张先生相信迈克告诉了他的父母真相。A. whether 是否;B. who谁;C. when何时;D. that宾语从句的引导词。who, when在引导宾语从句时是要作句子成分的,此句的宾语从句不缺少成分,故排除B、C;doesn’t doubt相当于believes,结合句意可知,从句只是陈述,不表疑问,故答案为D。
3. B 【解析】句意:——对不起,请你告诉我会议是否将如期举行?——-如果明天下雪,我们将不得不推迟。在问句中if 表示"是否",引导宾语从句,而the meeting和hold是被动关系,故应该使用一般将来时的被动语态。在答句中if表示"如果",引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句常用一般现在时表将来,故选B。
4. B 【解析】句意:我知道我答应过要带你去吃饭,但直到十点钟我才会完成工作。考查宾语从句引导词。A. if是否的意思,常引导一般疑问句作宾语的宾语从句;B. that无任何意义,引导是陈述句的宾语从句,常省略;C. what开头的特殊疑问句的宾语从句,从句需用陈述语序;D. why引导的特殊疑问句的宾语从句,从句需用陈述语序,结合句意和语境可知选B。
真题再现
1. B【解析】考查宾语从句。根据三要素中的陈述语序可排除 C,且题意为"我们不知道这个故事是否是真的,但是它告诉我们友谊的重要性",故选 B。
2. A【解析】A表示哪里,B表示什么时候,C表示谁,D表示是否。该句是一个宾语从句,根据Maybe in the classroom可知宾语从句中引导词应用where,询问的是地点。故选A。
3. B【解析】结合答语可推知,此处指询问怎样去某地,故用表示how;又因为空格处内容在此作tell的宾语从句,宾语从句需要用陈序语序。
4. A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——嗨,雪莉。你能告诉我你什么时候到吗?——明早11:30。宾语从句中,从句通常用陈述语序,排除B. 从At 11:30 tomorrow morning. 判断句子询问的是时间,用when引导。故选A。
5. A【解析】本题考查的是定语从句的相关知识。the story(指物)是先行词,在所给的答案中,可排除B和C,因为who引导定语从句只能指代人,what 不能引导定语从句。that引导定语从句时既可指人也可指物。故选A。
6. C【解析】句意:——我想知道你想和谁交朋友。——能使我成为更好的人的人。根据答语"能使我成为更好的人的人",可知问句应该是在询问人,A项询问时间;B项询问方式;D项询问地点,都不对,只有C项在询问人。故选C。
7. A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——西蒙,你穿这件T恤看起来很帅。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗?——好的。我是在网上的一家商店买的。宾语从句中,从句通常用陈述语序,排除B、D。从I bought it in a store online. 判断句子询问在哪里买的,用where 引导。故选A。
8. C【解析】句意:——打扰一下。您能告诉在哪里可以找到关于黑洞的信息吗?——当然。你可以在这个电脑上查。本题考查宾语从句. 宾语从句的语序应该是陈述句的语序,即:疑问词+ 主语+谓语+其他。 故选C。
9. D【解析】考查宾语从句。根据题目意思,您能告诉我我将要如何支付这些水果吗?通过互联网付款. . 需要填入一个宾语从句,前文有Could you tell me,后面部分即是宾语从句,要用陈述语序,根据题干意思,是询问付款的方式. 用特殊疑问词 how. "我将如何付款",用陈述语序,就是how I will pay。故选D。
10. B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——你能告诉我王若飞广场在哪里吗?——在中国人民银行旁边。根据下文It’ s next to the People’ s Bank of China.是一般现在时,可知表达现在的事情,可知此句时态是一般现在时。C和D是一般过去时,故排除;宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,A是疑问句语序,B是陈述语序;故选B。
【点睛】本题考查宾语从句这一语法,做这类题时,要从三方面考虑:一、选准连接词(引导词); 二、当连接词不作从句的主语时,连接词后紧跟从句的主语+谓语(注意主谓一致等); 三、若主句是过去时,从句要改为相对应的过去的某种时态;四、需用陈述语序。
模拟检测
1. A【解析】句意:我从不怀疑他的建议对我来说是很有价值的。考查宾语从句的引导词。doubt用于否定句中,后面接that从句,如果用于肯定句中,则后面接whether或if从句;根据句中的never doubt可知本句为否定句,后面应用that从句,故选A。
2. C【解析】句意:——吉姆发现这些天很容易记住所有的英语单词。——他真是一个聪明的孩子。根据find/think it +形容词+to do sth.发现/认为做某事是怎样的,it在这里作形式宾语;根据感叹句结构What +a/an + 形容词+名词(+主语+谓语+其他)+! How +形容词/副词(+主语+谓语+其他)+!所以选C。
3. A 【解析】句意:我在想六月是一个参观香港的好时间。本题考查宾语从句的引导词。从句意看,宾语从句是陈述句,用that引导。故选A。
4. C 【解析】句意:——你认为他已经拿走了书包吗?——除非我弄错了。第一空后that引导的宾语从句,that在句中不作成分,只起连接的作用。根据句意句子意思完整。故第一空应该选that;until直到;if是否,如果;unless除非。故选C。
5. C 【解析】句意:没有人怀疑德国人再一次赢得了2018年的世界杯。doubt的肯定形式,后面接的宾语从句用问句;doubt是否定形式时,后面接的宾语从句用陈述句。根据No one作主语,故表示没有人怀疑,这是doubt的否定形式,故后面用that引导的陈述句作宾语从句。doubted是一般过去时,故后面接的宾语从句的谓语用过去式,故为could,故选C。
6. C 【解析】句意:——这个项目对于你的表哥来说太难了。——是的,我正在想他能否按时独自完成这个项目。am wondering可知,后面的宾语从句不能用that来引导。故排除A;宾语从句的语序应该是陈述语序,排除B、D,故选C。
7. B【解析】句意:——请问你能告诉我为什么我们最好用瓷茶杯和布袋子吗?——它们能够被重新利用很多次。用这种方式,我们能帮助使地球变得更环保。考查宾语从句。A. 他们多久步行去上学一次?B. 为什么我们最好利用瓷茶杯和布袋子。C. 当你不用灯时你是否把它们关了。D. 为什么我们把废物分成塑料,玻璃,纸和橡胶。根据答语 They can be reused many times.可知上文说的是可重新利用的环保的东西,故选B。
8. B【解析】句意: 我想知道我们会去哪里野营。也许在森林里。A. whether we will go camping我们是否去野营;B. where we will go camping我们将去哪里野营;C. whether will we go camping我们是否去野营 D. where will we go camping我们去哪里野营 。根据句意,宾语从句疑问词+用陈述句语序。故选B。
9. D 【解析】句意:——你知道2020年夏季奥运会将在哪里举办吗?——是的。在日本东京。根据In Tokyo, Japan可知,此处是讨论的地点,故用where。故选D。
10. B 【解析】句意:——你能告诉我我们如何能去巢湖东站吗?——你们可以骑自行车去。本题主要考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,横线处作 tell 的宾语,故此处应是宾语从句。tell sb. sth.为固定结构,意为"告诉某人某事",宾语从句应使用陈述语序,即"疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他",故排除C、D项。when表示什么时候,how表示如何,答语"你们可以骑自行车去"是回答的交通方式,所以此处表示如何去巢湖东站。故正确答案为B。
宾语从句是中考必考考点之一,主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序,有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。
中考考查重点:
1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择;
2. 宾语从句的语序;
3. 宾语从句的时态。
考向一: 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’ t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’ t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是"是否"。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
考向二: 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。
1. 陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。
He is an honest boy. The teacher said.
→ The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.
2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。
Does he work hard? I wonder.
→ I wonder if/whether he works hard.
【典例】 Miss Green didn’ t tell us _______________ in 2002.
A. where does she live B. Where she lives
C. where did she live D. where she lived
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态,故选D。
考向三: 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。
1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
He has told me that he’ ll leave for New York tomorrrow.
I don’ t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
【典例】1. Would you please tell me _______________?
A. when did he come home
B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film
D. why he didn’ t watch the game
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时,宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。
2. I don’ t know when _______________.
A. will the train leave B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave D. the train leave
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B项在语序和时态上符合要求。
2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the US soon.
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
He told me that the earth is round.
宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;
特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。
主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;
主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。
that引导的宾语从句
that 是宾语从句的一个引导词,放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来,故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中,that 作连接代词,无意义,在句中不作任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。
一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法
1. 位置:that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)、介词或形容词之后。
①作及物动词,如:say,think,tell,know,hear,see,hope,wish,remember,forget等的宾语。如:
She says that she will help me learn English this evening.
她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。
②作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in之后。如:
He is a good boy except that he is careless.
他是一个好男孩,只是有点儿粗心。
③作"be + 形容词"结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,如:sure,glad,certain,pleased,sorry,happy,afraid等,连词that可省略。如:
I’ m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。
2. 时态:主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态;主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较:
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
【特别提醒】
当主句是一般过去时,而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时,此时宾语从句用一般现在时,这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如:
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。
3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况:
引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略:
She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。
He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。
He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。
I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。
I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。
Everybody knows (that) money doesn’ t grow on trees. 众所周知,金钱是不会从树上长出来的。
I suggested (that) they should / shouldn’ t drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要沿着海岸开车。
【注意】有时为了强调,that引导的宾语从句可位于句首,此时that不可省略:
That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘,我是知道的。
4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况:
that在引导宾语从句时,并不是在任何情况下都可以省略,在以下几种情况下,that不能省略。
①从句的主语是that时,that不能省略;
We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。
②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时,有时省去第一个从句的连词that,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如:
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。如:
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:
We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday.
小张昨天没来,我们觉得很奇怪。
6. 宾语从句的否定转移。
在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,当主句的主语是第一人称时,谓语尽管是否定的意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式,英语称这种现象为否定转移。如:
①我认为今晚他不能来。
【误】I think he can’ t come this evening.
【正】I don’ t think he can come this evening.
②他认为我们现在不在教室里。
【误】He doesn’ t think we are in the classroom now.
【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.
【特别警示】
含有"否定转移"现象的句子,主句的主语必须是第一人称,此时,变成反意疑问句,附加问句要由从句来决定;如果主句的主语是其他人称,附加问句要由主句来决定。如:
I don’ t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对,是吗?
He thinks I can come, doesn’ t he? 他认为我能来,是不是?
7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如:hardly,never,seldom,no,few,little等,其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如:
We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he?
我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈,是吗?
8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时,只变主句,不变从句。实际上,我们经常把It is said that ...(据说……);It is known that ...(众所周知……);It is reported that ...(据报告……)等当作固定句式来运用。如:
It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。
疑问词引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how,which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序,即"主语+谓语"词序。
①带有系动词be(is,am,are,was,were)的特殊疑问句。
主句
宾语从句
Do you know
how old Liz is? 你知道兹几岁吗?
I know
how old Liz is. 我知道莉兹几岁。
I don’ t know
how old Liz is. 我不知道莉兹几岁。
宾语从句"how old Liz is"是主句动词know的宾语。how在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序,主语在动词前(Liz is)。
②带有(情态)助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句
When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗?
→ Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗?
→ I don’ t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。
What should I do? 我该怎么办?
→ Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我,我该怎么办吗?
→ Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我,我该怎么办。
Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里?
→ Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗?
→ I don’ t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。
③带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。
Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了?
→ Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗?
→ I don’ t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。
What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么?
→ Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗?
→ I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。
注意:
(1)由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序,故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子:
How much does this coat cost?
→ I want to know how much this coat costs.
Where did you go yesterday?
→ Please tell me where you went yesterday.
(2)当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时,该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序,所以当该句用来作宾语时,语序不需要调整。
What’ s wrong with you? 怎么了?
→ He asked the girl what was wrong with her.
What’ s the matter? 怎么了?
→ He asked the girl what was the matter.
What has happened to him?
→ We want to know what has happened to him.
if/whether引导的宾语从句
当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时,常用if或whether引导宾语从句,if/whether意为"是否"。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see,ask,say,learn,tell,wonder,doubt,find out,be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后,二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中,可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性,两者都算标准。
I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。
Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam.
爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。
Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。
He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。
【拓展】
一般情况下,if和whether可互换,在口语中多用if, 而在以下几种情况下,只能用whether。
1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时,或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether,不用if。
I don’ t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。
I don’ t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I don’ t know whether he will win or not.
I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not.
2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。
He dosen’ t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。
Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。
Whether to go or stay is still a question.
I’ m not sure whether to stay or leave.
I didn’ t know whether to laugh or to cry.
3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句,而If则不能。
It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
I haven’ t settled the question of whether I’ ll go back home.
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,用whether,不用if。
Whether this is true, I can’ t say. Whether he is single, I don’ t know.
Whether this is true, I can’ t say.
Whether he is single, I don’ t know.
5. 在某些动词(如discuss,decide)之后,只能用whether,而不用if引导宾语从句。
We discussed whether we should close the shop. (虚拟语气)
We discussed whether we should go there by plane.(虚拟语气)
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. (虚拟语气)
6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时,只能用if,而不用whether。
He asked me if I hadn’ t finished my work.
注意:doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’ t doubt 意为相信,不怀疑,if是否表示疑虑。
I. 句型转换
1. I wonder where we should go next.
Could you tell me where we _________ _________ next? (同义句)
Could you tell me where _________ _________ next? (同义句)
2. He can’ t come to the party today. I think. (合并成一句)
I _________ think he _________ to the party tomorrow.
3. 你能告诉我一个度假的好地方吗?
Could you tell me _________ _________ _________ _________ go for vacation?
4. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? (改为复合句)
Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
5. I got home in the rain. I left my umbrella in the classroom. (合并为一句)
When I _________ home in the rain, I realized I_________ _________my umbrella in the classroom.
6. Don’ t play football in the street. The policeman told the boys.(合并为一句)
The policeman told the boys_________ _________ play football in the street.
7. 你能告诉我重庆哪里有博物馆吗?
Could you tell me _________ _________ _________ a museum in Chongqing?
II. 单项选择
1. The teacher told us _____________ the earth moves around the sun.
A. whether B. if C. who D. that
2. Mr. Zhang doesn’ t doubt _____________ Mike has told his parents the truth.
A. whether B. who C. when D. that
3. —Excuse me, could you please tell me if the meeting _____________ on time?
—If it _____________ tomorrow, we’ ll have to put it off.
A. will hold;snows B. will be held;snows
C. will be held;snow D. holds;will snow
4. I know _____________ I promised to take you to dinner, but I won’ t finish working until ten o’ clock.
A. if B. that C. what D. why
1. 【2019 • 福建省中考】We don’ t know ___________, but it tells us the importance of friendship.
A. what the story is about B. whether the story is true C. when did the story take place
2. 【2019 • 广西省百色市】—I want to know ___________ we will have the meeting.
—Maybe in the classroom.
A. where B. when C. who D. whether
3. 【2019 • 黑龙江省哈尔滨市】—Excuse me, could you tell me ___________?
—Certainly. Go along the street and you will find it on the right.
A. how can I get to the radio station
B. how I can get to the radio station
C. why I can get to the radio station
4. 【2019 • 湖南省湘西州】—Hi,Shirley.Could you tell me ___________?
—At 11:30 tomorrow morning.
A. when you will arrive B. when will you arrive C. where you will arrive
5. 【2019 • 湖南省岳阳市】I’ ll never forget the story ___________.
A. that cheers me up B. who cheers me up C. what cheers me up
6. 【2019 • 江苏省南京市】—I wonder ___________.
—Someone who can make me a better person.
A. when you often meet your friends B. how you make your friends happy
C. who you want to make friends with D. where you spend weekends with friends
7. 【2019 • 四川省凉山州】—Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me ___________ it?
—OK. I bought it in a store online.
A. where you bought B. where do you buy
C. when you buy D. when did you buy
8. 【2019 • 四川省自贡市】—Excuse me. Could you tell me ___________ about the Black Hole?
—Of course. You can check it on this computer.
A. how can I get the information
B. what information can I get
C. where I can get the information
9. 【2019 • 天津市中考】—Could you tell me ___________ for the fruit?
—By paying over the Internet.
A. how much will I pay B. how much I will pay
C. how will I pay D. how I will pay
10. 【2019 • 贵州省安顺市】—Could you please tell me ___________?
—It’ s next to the People’ s Bank of China.
A. where is Wang Ruofei Square B. where Wang Ruofei Square is
C. where was Wang Ruofei Square D. where Wang Ruofei Square was
1. (江苏省盐城市阜宁县2019届九年级上学期期中考试)I never doubt _____________ his advice is of great value to me.
A. that B. whether C. how D. what
2. (陕西省师范大学附属中学2018届九年级上学期期中考试)—Jim finds _____________ easy to remember all the English words in these ways.
—_____________ smart child he is!
A. it; How B. that; How C. it; What a D. that; What a
3. (四川省苍溪县东溪片区2018届九年级上学期第一次月考)I wonder _____________ June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.
A. that B. when C. whether
4. (江苏省常州市2017届九年级下学期教学情况调研测试)—Do you think ____________ he has taken the bag?
—_____________ I’ m mistaken.
A. that; Until B. whether; If
C. that; Unless D. whether; Unless
5.(江苏省无锡市青阳片2017届九年级下学期期中)No one doubted _____________ the Germans _____________ win the 2018World Cup again.
A. if; can B. whether; could
C. that; could D. that; can
6. (江苏省徐州市部分学校2017届九年级二模联考)—The project is so difficult for your cousin.
—Yes, I am wondering ___________.
A. that he will finish it on time. B. how could I help him out
C. whether he can finish it by himself D. if can I do anything for him
7. (2019年浙江省温州瓯海中考二模)—Could you please tell me ___________?
—They can be reused many times. In this way, we can help make the earth greener.
A. how often they walk to school
B. why we’d better use china cups and cloth bags
C. if you turn off the lights when you do not need them
D. why we divide the waste into plastic, glass, paper and rubber
8. (青海省西宁二十一中2017-2018学年九年级9月月考)—I’ d like to know ___________.
—Maybe in the forest.
A. whether we will go camping B. where we will go camping
C. whether will we go camping D. where will we go camping
9. (安徽省蚌埠市固镇县第三中学2018届九年级上学期第一次月考)—Do you know _____________ the 2020 Summer Olympic Games will be held?
—Yes. In Tokyo, Japan.
A. when B. how C. why D. where
10.(安徽省亳州市利辛县2018届九年级10月月考)—Could you please tell me _____________ get to Chaohu East Station?
—You can ride a bike.
A. when we can B. how we can
C. when can we D. how can we
跟踪训练
I. 句型转换
1. could go;to go 2. don’ t;can 3. a good place to 4. if;enjoys
5. got;had left 6. not to 7. where there is
II. 单项选择
1. D 【解析】句意:老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。A. whether 是否;B. if 如果,是否;C. who 谁;D. that引导宾语从句时无意思。通过told可知,老师在告诉我们一个客观事实,不是表疑问,只有that引导的宾语从句不表疑问,在这里that在宾语从句中不作任何成分,故答案选D。
2. D 【解析】句意:张先生相信迈克告诉了他的父母真相。A. whether 是否;B. who谁;C. when何时;D. that宾语从句的引导词。who, when在引导宾语从句时是要作句子成分的,此句的宾语从句不缺少成分,故排除B、C;doesn’t doubt相当于believes,结合句意可知,从句只是陈述,不表疑问,故答案为D。
3. B 【解析】句意:——对不起,请你告诉我会议是否将如期举行?——-如果明天下雪,我们将不得不推迟。在问句中if 表示"是否",引导宾语从句,而the meeting和hold是被动关系,故应该使用一般将来时的被动语态。在答句中if表示"如果",引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句常用一般现在时表将来,故选B。
4. B 【解析】句意:我知道我答应过要带你去吃饭,但直到十点钟我才会完成工作。考查宾语从句引导词。A. if是否的意思,常引导一般疑问句作宾语的宾语从句;B. that无任何意义,引导是陈述句的宾语从句,常省略;C. what开头的特殊疑问句的宾语从句,从句需用陈述语序;D. why引导的特殊疑问句的宾语从句,从句需用陈述语序,结合句意和语境可知选B。
真题再现
1. B【解析】考查宾语从句。根据三要素中的陈述语序可排除 C,且题意为"我们不知道这个故事是否是真的,但是它告诉我们友谊的重要性",故选 B。
2. A【解析】A表示哪里,B表示什么时候,C表示谁,D表示是否。该句是一个宾语从句,根据Maybe in the classroom可知宾语从句中引导词应用where,询问的是地点。故选A。
3. B【解析】结合答语可推知,此处指询问怎样去某地,故用表示how;又因为空格处内容在此作tell的宾语从句,宾语从句需要用陈序语序。
4. A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——嗨,雪莉。你能告诉我你什么时候到吗?——明早11:30。宾语从句中,从句通常用陈述语序,排除B. 从At 11:30 tomorrow morning. 判断句子询问的是时间,用when引导。故选A。
5. A【解析】本题考查的是定语从句的相关知识。the story(指物)是先行词,在所给的答案中,可排除B和C,因为who引导定语从句只能指代人,what 不能引导定语从句。that引导定语从句时既可指人也可指物。故选A。
6. C【解析】句意:——我想知道你想和谁交朋友。——能使我成为更好的人的人。根据答语"能使我成为更好的人的人",可知问句应该是在询问人,A项询问时间;B项询问方式;D项询问地点,都不对,只有C项在询问人。故选C。
7. A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——西蒙,你穿这件T恤看起来很帅。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗?——好的。我是在网上的一家商店买的。宾语从句中,从句通常用陈述语序,排除B、D。从I bought it in a store online. 判断句子询问在哪里买的,用where 引导。故选A。
8. C【解析】句意:——打扰一下。您能告诉在哪里可以找到关于黑洞的信息吗?——当然。你可以在这个电脑上查。本题考查宾语从句. 宾语从句的语序应该是陈述句的语序,即:疑问词+ 主语+谓语+其他。 故选C。
9. D【解析】考查宾语从句。根据题目意思,您能告诉我我将要如何支付这些水果吗?通过互联网付款. . 需要填入一个宾语从句,前文有Could you tell me,后面部分即是宾语从句,要用陈述语序,根据题干意思,是询问付款的方式. 用特殊疑问词 how. "我将如何付款",用陈述语序,就是how I will pay。故选D。
10. B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——你能告诉我王若飞广场在哪里吗?——在中国人民银行旁边。根据下文It’ s next to the People’ s Bank of China.是一般现在时,可知表达现在的事情,可知此句时态是一般现在时。C和D是一般过去时,故排除;宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,A是疑问句语序,B是陈述语序;故选B。
【点睛】本题考查宾语从句这一语法,做这类题时,要从三方面考虑:一、选准连接词(引导词); 二、当连接词不作从句的主语时,连接词后紧跟从句的主语+谓语(注意主谓一致等); 三、若主句是过去时,从句要改为相对应的过去的某种时态;四、需用陈述语序。
模拟检测
1. A【解析】句意:我从不怀疑他的建议对我来说是很有价值的。考查宾语从句的引导词。doubt用于否定句中,后面接that从句,如果用于肯定句中,则后面接whether或if从句;根据句中的never doubt可知本句为否定句,后面应用that从句,故选A。
2. C【解析】句意:——吉姆发现这些天很容易记住所有的英语单词。——他真是一个聪明的孩子。根据find/think it +形容词+to do sth.发现/认为做某事是怎样的,it在这里作形式宾语;根据感叹句结构What +a/an + 形容词+名词(+主语+谓语+其他)+! How +形容词/副词(+主语+谓语+其他)+!所以选C。
3. A 【解析】句意:我在想六月是一个参观香港的好时间。本题考查宾语从句的引导词。从句意看,宾语从句是陈述句,用that引导。故选A。
4. C 【解析】句意:——你认为他已经拿走了书包吗?——除非我弄错了。第一空后that引导的宾语从句,that在句中不作成分,只起连接的作用。根据句意句子意思完整。故第一空应该选that;until直到;if是否,如果;unless除非。故选C。
5. C 【解析】句意:没有人怀疑德国人再一次赢得了2018年的世界杯。doubt的肯定形式,后面接的宾语从句用问句;doubt是否定形式时,后面接的宾语从句用陈述句。根据No one作主语,故表示没有人怀疑,这是doubt的否定形式,故后面用that引导的陈述句作宾语从句。doubted是一般过去时,故后面接的宾语从句的谓语用过去式,故为could,故选C。
6. C 【解析】句意:——这个项目对于你的表哥来说太难了。——是的,我正在想他能否按时独自完成这个项目。am wondering可知,后面的宾语从句不能用that来引导。故排除A;宾语从句的语序应该是陈述语序,排除B、D,故选C。
7. B【解析】句意:——请问你能告诉我为什么我们最好用瓷茶杯和布袋子吗?——它们能够被重新利用很多次。用这种方式,我们能帮助使地球变得更环保。考查宾语从句。A. 他们多久步行去上学一次?B. 为什么我们最好利用瓷茶杯和布袋子。C. 当你不用灯时你是否把它们关了。D. 为什么我们把废物分成塑料,玻璃,纸和橡胶。根据答语 They can be reused many times.可知上文说的是可重新利用的环保的东西,故选B。
8. B【解析】句意: 我想知道我们会去哪里野营。也许在森林里。A. whether we will go camping我们是否去野营;B. where we will go camping我们将去哪里野营;C. whether will we go camping我们是否去野营 D. where will we go camping我们去哪里野营 。根据句意,宾语从句疑问词+用陈述句语序。故选B。
9. D 【解析】句意:——你知道2020年夏季奥运会将在哪里举办吗?——是的。在日本东京。根据In Tokyo, Japan可知,此处是讨论的地点,故用where。故选D。
10. B 【解析】句意:——你能告诉我我们如何能去巢湖东站吗?——你们可以骑自行车去。本题主要考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,横线处作 tell 的宾语,故此处应是宾语从句。tell sb. sth.为固定结构,意为"告诉某人某事",宾语从句应使用陈述语序,即"疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他",故排除C、D项。when表示什么时候,how表示如何,答语"你们可以骑自行车去"是回答的交通方式,所以此处表示如何去巢湖东站。故正确答案为B。
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