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2019届山东省济宁市第一中学高三上学期第一次调研（10月）检测英语试题
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2019届山东省济宁市第一中学高三上学期第一次调研（10月）检测英语试题
命题人： 审题人：
本试卷分第I卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。考试结束后, 将答题卡和答题纸一并交回。
第I卷
第一部分：听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）
1. Where does the man live?
A. In Flat A, 10th Floor. B. In Flat C, 10th Floor. C. In Flat A, 9th Floor.
2. What does the man want the woman to do?
A. Speak louder. B. Apologize to her. C. Turn the radio down.
3. How is the man probably feeling about the report?
A. Disappointed. B. Stressed. C. Confused.
4. What will the man do?
A. Play baseball. B. Meet his friend. C. Go to the doctor’s.
5. When does the man suggest the woman go to Italy?
A. 1n April. B. In July. C. In August.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分）
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the woman want to do?
A. To the square. B. To the hotel. C. To the coffee house.
7. How will the woman most probably go?
A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. By underground.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. How to protect the environment.
B. How to choose gifts.
C. How to save money.
9. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Make a shopping list. B. Use less paper. C. Send Christmas cards.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题
10. What does the woman suggest the man do about the marketing report?
A. Collect information as soon as possible.
B. Talk with Ronald Freeman.
C. Wait for the boss's call.
11. Which report will be finished today?
A. The marketing report. B. The Jackson report. C. The financial report.
12. When does the conversation take place?
A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the woman?
A. A university student. B. A news reporter. C. A football player.
14. How many people was the man living with in his childhood?
A. Five. B. Nine. C. Ten
15. What was the man's opinion about Zippy?
A. He was quite confident.
B. He was hard to get on with.
C. He was very good at football.
16. Why did the man become friends with Zippy?
A. They were housemates.
B. They shared the same interests.
C. They were in the same football team.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who started Music for Education?
A. Some parents. B. Some musicians. C. Some students.
18. How did local students find their music lessons?
A. Fun. B. Impractical. C. Important.
19. What is one of the aims of Music for Education?
A. To hold a concert every month.
B. To provide money for its members.
C. To help children to develop musical skills.
20. What is the purpose of the speech?
A. To raise money.
B. To advertise for the organization.
C. To help people understand music.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
The annual World Economic Forum (经济论坛) took place in Davos, Switzerland, in Jan. 23-26, 2018. What did Chinese entrepreneurs (企业家) speak in the forum? Are there some quotable quotes for you?
★Jack Ma, founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group
“I think globalization cannot be stopped — no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade. If trade stops, the world stops. Trade is the way to dissolve (溶解，结束) the war not cause the war,” said Ma in Davos, “Google, Facebook, Amazon and Alibaba — we are the luckiest companies of this century. But we have the responsibility to have a good heart, and do something good.”
★Richard Liu, founder and chief executive officer of JD
“Business is not only a way to make money but also a way to contribute yourself, to help people,” Liu said in a speech in Davos. “How can we face the fractured (分化的) world? That’s the topics of the Davos this year. I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, if we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners,” he said.
★Jane Sun, CEO of Ctrip
“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.” Sun told Sina.com in Davos. “We invested heavily in ABC. A refers to AI, B is big data, and C is cloud computing. As we continue to expand overseas, these three will be very good weapons for us. So we think those mean opportunity,” she said.
★Hu Xiaoming, president of Aliyun
“In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use ‘cloud’, and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,” Hu told Xinhua in Davos.
21. What do Chinese entrepreneurs like Jack Ma and Richard Liu focus more on?
A. More huge jumps in profits. B. The role of science in business.
C. Reducing production costs. D. The joined efforts of mankind.
22. What is the main business of Ctrip?
A. Tourism. B. The creation of AI.
C. Computer. D. Financial service online.
23. What does Hu think will promote global economic development?
A. Economy recovery. B. Cloud computing.
C. The World Economic Forum. D. Financial efficiency.
B
If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple — eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.
During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.
The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory — where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food’s role in earning trust.
In a test, participants were told to watch TV — where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble (咬), while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked.
The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.
The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions (交易) from the start.”
Harley Street psychologist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”
24. According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who ______.
A. reduces the price of his products
B. advertises his products on TV
C. has the same taste as them
D. pays attention to the quality of his products
25. The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that ____.
A. bosses like employees that have the same taste as them
B. food plays an important role in earning people’s trust
C. people who have similar tastes to their boss’s earn more
D. people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV
26. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn’t been proved by researchers.
B. People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.
C. People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other.
D. People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things.
27. Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory?
A. Honesty is the best policy. B. All good things come to an end.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. Birds of a feather flock together.
C
For environmental reasons, Britain will ban all new petro-and diesel-powered vehicles from its roads beginning in 23 years, a government report says.
The plan, expected Wednesday, aims to start removing petrol and diesel engines in 2040. It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air. Judges ruled that previous clean-air plans were not enough to meet European Union pollution limits in the coming years.
Britain’s government has said the poor air quality has an unnecessary and avoidable negative effect on citizens’ health, and costs up to $ 3.5 billion in annual lost productivity.
Part of the new plan involves an offer of $ 260 million to local governments to change rules where vehicle emissions(排放) are over EU standards. Ideas so far include changing road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.
The plan also includes $1.3 billion for government purchase of extreme-low-emission vehicles, nearly $ 130 million to improve infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations and $ 378 million for remodeling existing vehicles.
Climate change is also a reason for the plan to get these vehicles off the road. “We can’t carry on with petrol and diesel cars,” Environment Secretary Michael Gove said. “It’s important we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the problems of health caused by emissions, but the broader problems caused in terms of accelerating climate change.”
Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for coming up with ways to limit emissions, including possible limitations on commuters(上下班往返者) and the addition of cleaner mass transportation options. Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emission, he said.
28. Why does the British government decide on this ban?
A. To focus on its citizens’ health. B. To respond to the court’s request.
C. To promote solar energy in transport. D. To follow in France’s footsteps.
29. Which measure may the British government take to achieve its plan?
A. To follow in France’s footsteps.
B. Removing old and high-emission vehicles.
C. Spending some money on electric vehicles.
D. Changing the way roads are arranged.
30. What can be inferred from Gove’s words?
A. Convenient public transportation is badly needed.
B. United efforts are required to achieve the plan.
C. Vehicle emissions are the key factor in climate change.
D. Petrol and diesel cars may hold back economic progress.
31. What is the suitable title for this passage?
A. Practical ways to reduce vehicle emissions
B. The EU forces Britain to improve the poor air quality
C. Britain plans to take petrol and diesel engines off roads
D. Relationship between vehicle emissions and climate change
D
Skeptics are strange a lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The "eco-guilt" brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.
Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the "real state of the world" as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.
So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that "After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down."
Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's "preference for unexamined materials is incredible".
A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.
32. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as "skeptics"?
A. People who agree on the popularity of "eco-guilt".
B. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.
C. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.
D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.
33. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's books?
A. The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.
B. Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.
C. The author convinces people to speak comforting worldviews.
D. Industry–funded media present confusing information.
34. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_________.
A. find fault with Lomborg's book
B. voice a different opinion
C. challenge the authority of the media
D. point out the value of scientific views
35. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.
B. To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews.
C. To blame the media's lack of responsibility in information.
D. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Things You Can do for the Ocean
The ocean supports a global underwater circulation system of currents, which affects temperature and nutrient distribution. 36 . It’s time for you to do something for the ocean. Be the best citizen of the ocean you can be by taking these simple steps today.
37 .
The Monterey Bay Aquarium has made it easy to choose ocean-friendly seafood wherever you live or travel. You can visit their site to determine the pocket guide. And try to carry a reusable cup when travelling. More than 200 billion pounds of plastic is produced in the world every year and about 10% of it ends up in the ocean! 38 You can also make your efforts to reduce the plastic waste by travelling with your own cup.
Leave it better than you found it and reduce water pollution.
Leave natural areas and beaches better than you found them. 39 , or get together with like-minded members of your community by participating in a local beach clean-up. Reducing water pollution is also beneficial to protecting the ocean. There are simple things you can do to reduce water pollution locally and impact water quality globally. 40 .You should correctly deal with dangerous materials. Moreover, you should use native plants and natural fertilizers, and be mindful when washing your vehicle.
A. And this in turn affects ultimately human life.
B. The ocean pollution has been a serious problem.
C. Eat sustainable seafood and carry a reusable cup.
D. Bring a small bag and pick the rubbish along the way.
E. You should not eat at the restaurants selling wild animals.
F. You should use poisonless household products whenever possible.
G. Refusing bottled water is an effective way to reduce the waste stream of plastic.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节, 满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I am a worrier. I worry from the moment I wake to the moment I sleep.
Around a year ago, I found my worries 41 me down and down. I needed a way to reduce my 41 and make them disappear. Then a brilliant idea occurred to me. Instead of worrying about whatever 41 itself to my consciousness at any given moment, and unless I had a 44 and urgent worry to deal with, I’d 45 myself to worrying about imaginary gluons.
This new system 46 me quite well for a while 47 the day last month when the captain of the plane I was travelling on failed in his landing 48 at Shannon Airport, because there was “a problem” with the landing gear (起落架). We
49 for a while. Then the captain announced the issue still couldn’t be solved and that the crew would take us through the 50 for an emergency landing.
Suddenly my mother’s voice was in my head: “In the 51 of an emergency, put your head between your legs and kiss your arse goodbye.” I laughed inwardly at my mother’s joke, and I wondered why I wasn’t 52 . I suddenly realized I was experiencing a complete and total absence of worry, as there was absolutely nothing
I could do to 53 the problem with the plane.
As the runway rose to meet our plane’s 54 underbelly and the firefighters
55 to meet us, I felt a strange and beautiful 56 . And as the plane landed perfectly—because, as it 57 , the problem was with a sensor and not with the landing gear—and people 58 and hugged one another, I realized I wasn’t a
59 at all. The absence of worry I had just experienced was 60 an absence
of any possibility of control. So I’m a control freak, wanting to control everything.
And now I’m terribly worried about that.
41. A. let B. put C. dragged D. calmed
42. A. fears B. hopes C. sorrows D. joys
43. A. committed B. presented C. contributed D. recommended
44. A. specific B. constant C. abstract D. secret
45. A. expose B. reduce C. attach D. restrict
46. A. treated B. served C. inspired D. instructed
47. A. since B. after C. before D. until
48. A. test B. rescue C. attempt D. adventure
49. A. circled B. dived C. swung D. taxied
50. A. requirement B. preparation C. procedure D. arrangement
51. A. wake B. course C. event D. light
52. A. thrilled B. amazed C. discouraged D. terrified
53. A. identify B. accept C. change D. explore
54. A. weird B. sick C. soft D. flat
55. A. fled B. marched C. approached D. raced
56. A. excitement B. nervousness C. astonishment D. calmness
57. A. turned out B. brought out C. made out D. ruled out
58. A. responded B. cheered C. wept D. complained
59. A. fighter B. loser C. worrier D. commander
60. A. actually B. strangely C. relatively D. naturally
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 英语知识运用
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu, 61 (especial), has had a great effect 62 the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other 63 (aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the 64 (great) of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are 65 mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it 66 (challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas 67 (give) in The Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even 68 (much) ancient period codified(编纂) in The Five Classics. From them, the West learns 69 is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui. So far China has taken steps 70 (further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Rain is of greatly importance to us. Without rain, our water supply would cut off and we would die, such would plants and animals. Therefore, too much rain does a lot of harms to us. It floods fields, towns and cities, cause great losses for us. So far, man’s control over rain had never stopped. If we can gain more effective control over rain, we will enjoy more freedom from the nature. Luckily, we humans have taken steps, such as planting more trees or using weather forecasts, to help avoiding flood damage and protect our water supply.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你刚从英国为期五天的旅游回来，非常感谢好友Rick的款待。得知他对中国的文化非常感兴趣，特别是即将到来的国庆节，请你写一封信介绍中国的国庆节。内容要点：
1. 感谢他的招待；
2. 介绍中国的国庆节（时间、意义等）；
3. 欢迎他来中国。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Rick,
How is everything going?
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
济宁一中2018-2019学年度高三上学期第一次调研考试
英语试题答案
第I卷
听 力：1-5 ACBCA 6-10 CBABA 11-15 ABABC 16-20 BCBCA
阅读理解：21-23 DAB 24-27 CBCD 28-31 BDBC 32-35 CBBA
七选五： 36-40 ACGDF
完型填空：41-45 CABAD 46-50 BDCAC 51-55 CDCBD 56-60 DABCA
第Ⅱ卷
语法填空：
61. especially. 62. on 63. aspects 64. greatness. 65. a
66. is challenged. 67. given. 68. more. 69. what 70. to further
短文改错：
书面表达（One possible version）：
Dear Rick,
How is everything going? I had a five-day trip to London last week. I would like to express my gratitude for your hospitality and kindness when I was in London.
Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture, especially National Day, I would love to introduce it to you. National Day, one of the most significant festivals in China, falls on October 1st every year. People celebrate this festival in celebration of the foundation of People’s Republic of China dating back to 1949. People in China will hold a variety of activities to honor that day, such as holding grand military parade, having a travel.
Welcome to China. You will have an unforgettable experience if you come to China before this festival.
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
命题人： 审题人：
本试卷分第I卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。考试结束后, 将答题卡和答题纸一并交回。
第I卷
第一部分：听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）
1. Where does the man live?
A. In Flat A, 10th Floor. B. In Flat C, 10th Floor. C. In Flat A, 9th Floor.
2. What does the man want the woman to do?
A. Speak louder. B. Apologize to her. C. Turn the radio down.
3. How is the man probably feeling about the report?
A. Disappointed. B. Stressed. C. Confused.
4. What will the man do?
A. Play baseball. B. Meet his friend. C. Go to the doctor’s.
5. When does the man suggest the woman go to Italy?
A. 1n April. B. In July. C. In August.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分）
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the woman want to do?
A. To the square. B. To the hotel. C. To the coffee house.
7. How will the woman most probably go?
A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. By underground.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. How to protect the environment.
B. How to choose gifts.
C. How to save money.
9. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Make a shopping list. B. Use less paper. C. Send Christmas cards.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题
10. What does the woman suggest the man do about the marketing report?
A. Collect information as soon as possible.
B. Talk with Ronald Freeman.
C. Wait for the boss's call.
11. Which report will be finished today?
A. The marketing report. B. The Jackson report. C. The financial report.
12. When does the conversation take place?
A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the woman?
A. A university student. B. A news reporter. C. A football player.
14. How many people was the man living with in his childhood?
A. Five. B. Nine. C. Ten
15. What was the man's opinion about Zippy?
A. He was quite confident.
B. He was hard to get on with.
C. He was very good at football.
16. Why did the man become friends with Zippy?
A. They were housemates.
B. They shared the same interests.
C. They were in the same football team.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who started Music for Education?
A. Some parents. B. Some musicians. C. Some students.
18. How did local students find their music lessons?
A. Fun. B. Impractical. C. Important.
19. What is one of the aims of Music for Education?
A. To hold a concert every month.
B. To provide money for its members.
C. To help children to develop musical skills.
20. What is the purpose of the speech?
A. To raise money.
B. To advertise for the organization.
C. To help people understand music.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
The annual World Economic Forum (经济论坛) took place in Davos, Switzerland, in Jan. 23-26, 2018. What did Chinese entrepreneurs (企业家) speak in the forum? Are there some quotable quotes for you?
★Jack Ma, founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group
“I think globalization cannot be stopped — no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade. If trade stops, the world stops. Trade is the way to dissolve (溶解，结束) the war not cause the war,” said Ma in Davos, “Google, Facebook, Amazon and Alibaba — we are the luckiest companies of this century. But we have the responsibility to have a good heart, and do something good.”
★Richard Liu, founder and chief executive officer of JD
“Business is not only a way to make money but also a way to contribute yourself, to help people,” Liu said in a speech in Davos. “How can we face the fractured (分化的) world? That’s the topics of the Davos this year. I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, if we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners,” he said.
★Jane Sun, CEO of Ctrip
“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.” Sun told Sina.com in Davos. “We invested heavily in ABC. A refers to AI, B is big data, and C is cloud computing. As we continue to expand overseas, these three will be very good weapons for us. So we think those mean opportunity,” she said.
★Hu Xiaoming, president of Aliyun
“In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use ‘cloud’, and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,” Hu told Xinhua in Davos.
21. What do Chinese entrepreneurs like Jack Ma and Richard Liu focus more on?
A. More huge jumps in profits. B. The role of science in business.
C. Reducing production costs. D. The joined efforts of mankind.
22. What is the main business of Ctrip?
A. Tourism. B. The creation of AI.
C. Computer. D. Financial service online.
23. What does Hu think will promote global economic development?
A. Economy recovery. B. Cloud computing.
C. The World Economic Forum. D. Financial efficiency.
B
If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple — eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.
During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.
The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory — where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food’s role in earning trust.
In a test, participants were told to watch TV — where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble (咬), while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked.
The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.
The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions (交易) from the start.”
Harley Street psychologist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”
24. According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who ______.
A. reduces the price of his products
B. advertises his products on TV
C. has the same taste as them
D. pays attention to the quality of his products
25. The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that ____.
A. bosses like employees that have the same taste as them
B. food plays an important role in earning people’s trust
C. people who have similar tastes to their boss’s earn more
D. people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV
26. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn’t been proved by researchers.
B. People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.
C. People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other.
D. People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things.
27. Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory?
A. Honesty is the best policy. B. All good things come to an end.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. Birds of a feather flock together.
C
For environmental reasons, Britain will ban all new petro-and diesel-powered vehicles from its roads beginning in 23 years, a government report says.
The plan, expected Wednesday, aims to start removing petrol and diesel engines in 2040. It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air. Judges ruled that previous clean-air plans were not enough to meet European Union pollution limits in the coming years.
Britain’s government has said the poor air quality has an unnecessary and avoidable negative effect on citizens’ health, and costs up to $ 3.5 billion in annual lost productivity.
Part of the new plan involves an offer of $ 260 million to local governments to change rules where vehicle emissions(排放) are over EU standards. Ideas so far include changing road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.
The plan also includes $1.3 billion for government purchase of extreme-low-emission vehicles, nearly $ 130 million to improve infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations and $ 378 million for remodeling existing vehicles.
Climate change is also a reason for the plan to get these vehicles off the road. “We can’t carry on with petrol and diesel cars,” Environment Secretary Michael Gove said. “It’s important we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the problems of health caused by emissions, but the broader problems caused in terms of accelerating climate change.”
Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for coming up with ways to limit emissions, including possible limitations on commuters(上下班往返者) and the addition of cleaner mass transportation options. Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emission, he said.
28. Why does the British government decide on this ban?
A. To focus on its citizens’ health. B. To respond to the court’s request.
C. To promote solar energy in transport. D. To follow in France’s footsteps.
29. Which measure may the British government take to achieve its plan?
A. To follow in France’s footsteps.
B. Removing old and high-emission vehicles.
C. Spending some money on electric vehicles.
D. Changing the way roads are arranged.
30. What can be inferred from Gove’s words?
A. Convenient public transportation is badly needed.
B. United efforts are required to achieve the plan.
C. Vehicle emissions are the key factor in climate change.
D. Petrol and diesel cars may hold back economic progress.
31. What is the suitable title for this passage?
A. Practical ways to reduce vehicle emissions
B. The EU forces Britain to improve the poor air quality
C. Britain plans to take petrol and diesel engines off roads
D. Relationship between vehicle emissions and climate change
D
Skeptics are strange a lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The "eco-guilt" brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.
Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the "real state of the world" as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.
So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that "After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down."
Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's "preference for unexamined materials is incredible".
A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.
32. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as "skeptics"?
A. People who agree on the popularity of "eco-guilt".
B. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.
C. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.
D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.
33. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's books?
A. The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.
B. Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.
C. The author convinces people to speak comforting worldviews.
D. Industry–funded media present confusing information.
34. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_________.
A. find fault with Lomborg's book
B. voice a different opinion
C. challenge the authority of the media
D. point out the value of scientific views
35. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.
B. To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews.
C. To blame the media's lack of responsibility in information.
D. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Things You Can do for the Ocean
The ocean supports a global underwater circulation system of currents, which affects temperature and nutrient distribution. 36 . It’s time for you to do something for the ocean. Be the best citizen of the ocean you can be by taking these simple steps today.
37 .
The Monterey Bay Aquarium has made it easy to choose ocean-friendly seafood wherever you live or travel. You can visit their site to determine the pocket guide. And try to carry a reusable cup when travelling. More than 200 billion pounds of plastic is produced in the world every year and about 10% of it ends up in the ocean! 38 You can also make your efforts to reduce the plastic waste by travelling with your own cup.
Leave it better than you found it and reduce water pollution.
Leave natural areas and beaches better than you found them. 39 , or get together with like-minded members of your community by participating in a local beach clean-up. Reducing water pollution is also beneficial to protecting the ocean. There are simple things you can do to reduce water pollution locally and impact water quality globally. 40 .You should correctly deal with dangerous materials. Moreover, you should use native plants and natural fertilizers, and be mindful when washing your vehicle.
A. And this in turn affects ultimately human life.
B. The ocean pollution has been a serious problem.
C. Eat sustainable seafood and carry a reusable cup.
D. Bring a small bag and pick the rubbish along the way.
E. You should not eat at the restaurants selling wild animals.
F. You should use poisonless household products whenever possible.
G. Refusing bottled water is an effective way to reduce the waste stream of plastic.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节, 满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I am a worrier. I worry from the moment I wake to the moment I sleep.
Around a year ago, I found my worries 41 me down and down. I needed a way to reduce my 41 and make them disappear. Then a brilliant idea occurred to me. Instead of worrying about whatever 41 itself to my consciousness at any given moment, and unless I had a 44 and urgent worry to deal with, I’d 45 myself to worrying about imaginary gluons.
This new system 46 me quite well for a while 47 the day last month when the captain of the plane I was travelling on failed in his landing 48 at Shannon Airport, because there was “a problem” with the landing gear (起落架). We
49 for a while. Then the captain announced the issue still couldn’t be solved and that the crew would take us through the 50 for an emergency landing.
Suddenly my mother’s voice was in my head: “In the 51 of an emergency, put your head between your legs and kiss your arse goodbye.” I laughed inwardly at my mother’s joke, and I wondered why I wasn’t 52 . I suddenly realized I was experiencing a complete and total absence of worry, as there was absolutely nothing
I could do to 53 the problem with the plane.
As the runway rose to meet our plane’s 54 underbelly and the firefighters
55 to meet us, I felt a strange and beautiful 56 . And as the plane landed perfectly—because, as it 57 , the problem was with a sensor and not with the landing gear—and people 58 and hugged one another, I realized I wasn’t a
59 at all. The absence of worry I had just experienced was 60 an absence
of any possibility of control. So I’m a control freak, wanting to control everything.
And now I’m terribly worried about that.
41. A. let B. put C. dragged D. calmed
42. A. fears B. hopes C. sorrows D. joys
43. A. committed B. presented C. contributed D. recommended
44. A. specific B. constant C. abstract D. secret
45. A. expose B. reduce C. attach D. restrict
46. A. treated B. served C. inspired D. instructed
47. A. since B. after C. before D. until
48. A. test B. rescue C. attempt D. adventure
49. A. circled B. dived C. swung D. taxied
50. A. requirement B. preparation C. procedure D. arrangement
51. A. wake B. course C. event D. light
52. A. thrilled B. amazed C. discouraged D. terrified
53. A. identify B. accept C. change D. explore
54. A. weird B. sick C. soft D. flat
55. A. fled B. marched C. approached D. raced
56. A. excitement B. nervousness C. astonishment D. calmness
57. A. turned out B. brought out C. made out D. ruled out
58. A. responded B. cheered C. wept D. complained
59. A. fighter B. loser C. worrier D. commander
60. A. actually B. strangely C. relatively D. naturally
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 英语知识运用
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu, 61 (especial), has had a great effect 62 the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other 63 (aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the 64 (great) of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are 65 mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it 66 (challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas 67 (give) in The Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even 68 (much) ancient period codified(编纂) in The Five Classics. From them, the West learns 69 is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui. So far China has taken steps 70 (further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Rain is of greatly importance to us. Without rain, our water supply would cut off and we would die, such would plants and animals. Therefore, too much rain does a lot of harms to us. It floods fields, towns and cities, cause great losses for us. So far, man’s control over rain had never stopped. If we can gain more effective control over rain, we will enjoy more freedom from the nature. Luckily, we humans have taken steps, such as planting more trees or using weather forecasts, to help avoiding flood damage and protect our water supply.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你刚从英国为期五天的旅游回来，非常感谢好友Rick的款待。得知他对中国的文化非常感兴趣，特别是即将到来的国庆节，请你写一封信介绍中国的国庆节。内容要点：
1. 感谢他的招待；
2. 介绍中国的国庆节（时间、意义等）；
3. 欢迎他来中国。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Rick,
How is everything going?
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
济宁一中2018-2019学年度高三上学期第一次调研考试
英语试题答案
第I卷
听 力：1-5 ACBCA 6-10 CBABA 11-15 ABABC 16-20 BCBCA
阅读理解：21-23 DAB 24-27 CBCD 28-31 BDBC 32-35 CBBA
七选五： 36-40 ACGDF
完型填空：41-45 CABAD 46-50 BDCAC 51-55 CDCBD 56-60 DABCA
第Ⅱ卷
语法填空：
61. especially. 62. on 63. aspects 64. greatness. 65. a
66. is challenged. 67. given. 68. more. 69. what 70. to further
短文改错：
书面表达（One possible version）：
Dear Rick,
How is everything going? I had a five-day trip to London last week. I would like to express my gratitude for your hospitality and kindness when I was in London.
Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture, especially National Day, I would love to introduce it to you. National Day, one of the most significant festivals in China, falls on October 1st every year. People celebrate this festival in celebration of the foundation of People’s Republic of China dating back to 1949. People in China will hold a variety of activities to honor that day, such as holding grand military parade, having a travel.
Welcome to China. You will have an unforgettable experience if you come to China before this festival.
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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