还剩19页未读，
继续阅读
2019届山东省济宁市第一中学高三上学期第一次调研（10月）检测英语试题（解析版）
展开
济宁一中2018-2019学年度高三上学期第一次调研考试
英语试题
命题人： 审题人：
本试卷分第I卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。考试结束后, 将答题卡和答题纸一并交回。
第I卷
第一部分：听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）
1. Where does the man live?
A. In Flat A, 10th Floor. B. In Flat C, 10th Floor. C. In Flat A, 9th Floor.
2. What does the man want the woman to do?
A. Speak louder. B. Apologize to her. C. Turn the radio down.
3. How is the man probably feeling about the report?
A. Disappointed. B. Stressed. C. Confused.
4. What will the man do?
A. Play baseball. B. Meet his friend. C. Go to the doctor’s.
5. When does the man suggest the woman go to Italy?
A. 1n April. B. In July. C. In August.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分）
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the woman want to do?
A. To the square. B. To the hotel. C. To the coffee house.
7. How will the woman most probably go?
A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. By underground.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. How to protect the environment.
B. How to choose gifts.
C. How to save money.
9. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Make a shopping list. B. Use less paper. C. Send Christmas cards.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题
10. What does the woman suggest the man do about the marketing report?
A. Collect information as soon as possible.
B. Talk with Ronald Freeman.
C. Wait for the boss's call.
11. Which report will be finished today?
A. The marketing report. B. The Jackson report. C. The financial report.
12. When does the conversation take place?
A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the woman?
A. A university student. B. A news reporter. C. A football player.
14. How many people was the man living with in his childhood?
A. Five. B. Nine. C. Ten
15. What was the man's opinion about Zippy?
A. He was quite confident.
B. He was hard to get on with.
C. He was very good at football.
16. Why did the man become friends with Zippy?
A. They were housemates.
B. They shared the same interests.
C. They were in the same football team.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who started Music for Education?
A. Some parents. B. Some musicians. C. Some students.
18. How did local students find their music lessons?
A. Fun. B. Impractical. C. Important.
19. What is one of the aims of Music for Education?
A. To hold a concert every month.
B. To provide money for its members.
C. To help children to develop musical skills.
20. What is the purpose of the speech?
A. To raise money.
B. To advertise for the organization.
C. To help people understand music.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
The annual World Economic Forum (经济论坛) took place in Davos, Switzerland, in Jan. 23-26, 2018. What did Chinese entrepreneurs (企业家) speak in the forum? Are there some quotable quotes for you?
★Jack Ma, founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group
“I think globalization cannot be stopped — no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade. If trade stops, the world stops. Trade is the way to dissolve (溶解，结束) the war not cause the war,” said Ma in Davos, “Google, Facebook, Amazon and Alibaba — we are the luckiest companies of this century. But we have the responsibility to have a good heart, and do something good.”
★Richard Liu, founder and chief executive officer of JD
“Business is not only a way to make money but also a way to contribute yourself, to help people,” Liu said in a speech in Davos. “How can we face the fractured (分化的) world? That’s the topics of the Davos this year. I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, if we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners,” he said.
★Jane Sun, CEO of Ctrip
“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.” Sun told Sina.com in Davos. “We invested heavily in ABC. A refers to AI, B is big data, and C is cloud computing. As we continue to expand overseas, these three will be very good weapons for us. So we think those mean opportunity,” she said.
★Hu Xiaoming, president of Aliyun
“In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use ‘cloud’, and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,” Hu told Xinhua in Davos.
1. What do Chinese entrepreneurs like Jack Ma and Richard Liu focus more on?
A. More huge jumps in profits. B. The role of science in business.
C. Reducing production costs. D. The joined efforts of mankind.
2. What is the main business of Ctrip?
A. Tourism. B. The creation of AI.
C. Computer. D. Financial service online.
3. What does Hu think will promote global economic development?
A. Economy recovery. B. Cloud computing.
C. The World Economic Forum. D. Financial efficiency.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，2018年达沃斯论坛1月23日之28日在瑞士进行，文章介绍了与会的四位中国企业家的发言内容。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“I think globalization cannot be stopped — no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade.”和第三段第三句“I think a very important thing in business is cooperation.”可知马云认为全球化是历史进程，没有人可以阻止；刘强东认为最重要的是合作。他们都认为人类要共同努力。故D项正确。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.”可知Jane Sun主要在交流与旅游相关的话题，而Ctrip是一个从事旅游行业的公司。故A项正确。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一句“More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use ‘cloud’, and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,” Hu told Xinhua in Davos.”可知Hu Xiaoming认为云计算能够提高技术和金融的效率，能够促进全球经济的发展。故B项正确。
B
If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple — eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.
During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.
The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory — where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food’s role in earning trust.
In a test, participants were told to watch TV — where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble (咬), while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked.
The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.
The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions (交易) from the start.”
Harley Street psychologist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”
4. According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who ______.
A. reduces the price of his products
B. advertises his products on TV
C. has the same taste as them
D. pays attention to the quality of his products
5. The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that ____.
A. bosses like employees that have the same taste as them
B. food plays an important role in earning people’s trust
C. people who have similar tastes to their boss’s earn more
D. people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV
6. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn’t been proved by researchers.
B. People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.
C. People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other.
D. People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things.
7. Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory?
A. Honesty is the best policy. B. All good things come to an end.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. Birds of a feather flock together.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“similarity attraction theory”，这种理论告诉我们人们倾向于喜欢和他们有类似食物品味和习惯的人。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory — where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves.”可知人们倾向于喜欢和他们有类似食物品味和习惯的人。由此类推，顾客可能会购买和他有类似食物品味的销售商的产品。故C项正确。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.”可知研究结果说明观众很容易购买商品，因为他们受到了吃同样食物的人的影响。说明食物在获得人们的信任方面起着重要的作用。故B项正确。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory — where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves.”可知人们倾向于喜欢和他们有类似食物品味和习惯的人。芝加哥大学研究人员的研究证明了这个理论是有效的，也就是说喜欢类似食物的人更可能相互信任。故C项正确。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文，说明了similarity attraction theory，这种理论告诉我们人们倾向于喜欢和他们有类似食物品味和习惯的人。D项“人以群分物以类聚”表示趣味相投的人会在一起，与该理论一致。故D项正确。
C
For environmental reasons, Britain will ban all new petro-and diesel-powered vehicles from its roads beginning in 23 years, a government report says.
The plan, expected Wednesday, aims to start removing petrol and diesel engines in 2040. It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air. Judges ruled that previous clean-air plans were not enough to meet European Union pollution limits in the coming years.
Britain’s government has said the poor air quality has an unnecessary and avoidable negative effect on citizens’ health, and costs up to $ 3.5 billion in annual lost productivity.
Part of the new plan involves an offer of $ 260 million to local governments to change rules where vehicle emissions(排放) are over EU standards. Ideas so far include changing road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.
The plan also includes $1.3 billion for government purchase of extreme-low-emission vehicles, nearly $ 130 million to improve infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations and $ 378 million for remodeling existing vehicles.
Climate change is also a reason for the plan to get these vehicles off the road. “We can’t carry on with petrol and diesel cars,” Environment Secretary Michael Gove said. “It’s important we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the problems of health caused by emissions, but the broader problems caused in terms of accelerating climate change.”
Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for coming up with ways to limit emissions, including possible limitations on commuters(上下班往返者) and the addition of cleaner mass transportation options. Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emission, he said.
8. Why does the British government decide on this ban?
A. To focus on its citizens’ health. B. To respond to the court’s request.
C. To promote solar energy in transport. D. To follow in France’s footsteps.
9. Which measure may the British government take to achieve its plan?
A. To follow in France’s footsteps.
B. Removing old and high-emission vehicles.
C. Spending some money on electric vehicles.
D. Changing the way roads are arranged.
10. What can be inferred from Gove’s words?
A. Convenient public transportation is badly needed.
B. United efforts are required to achieve the plan.
C. Vehicle emissions are the key factor in climate change.
D. Petrol and diesel cars may hold back economic progress.
11. What is the suitable title for this passage?
A. Practical ways to reduce vehicle emissions
B. The EU forces Britain to improve the poor air quality
C. Britain plans to take petrol and diesel engines off roads
D. Relationship between vehicle emissions and climate change
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，英国计划23年以后在2040年禁止使用汽油和柴油车，英国最高法院要求政府制定新的法律减少空气污染，英国政府计划了一系列的行动并号召所有人一起努力实现这个目标。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air.”可知英国最高法院要求政府制定新的法律减少空气污染，所以这个禁令是由于英国法院的要求。故B项正确。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Ideas so far include changing road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.”可知做法包括改变道路设置、重编交通灯、收取老旧车辆污染车辆费等。故D项正确。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后两段“Environment Secretary Michael Gove said. “It’s important we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the problems of health caused by … Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for ……Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emission, he said.”可知Gove认为所有人都应该共同努力，地方社区居民和地方领导人都要一起努力实现目标。故B项正确。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。本文是一篇记叙文，英国计划23年以后在2040年禁止使用汽油和柴油车，英国最高法院要求政府制定新的法律减少空气污染，英国政府计划了一系列的行动并号召所有人一起努力实现这个目标。故C项正确。
D
Skeptics are strange a lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The "eco-guilt" brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.
Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the "real state of the world" as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.
So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that "After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down."
Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's "preference for unexamined materials is incredible".
A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.
12. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as "skeptics"?
A. People who agree on the popularity of "eco-guilt".
B. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.
C. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.
D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.
13. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's books?
A. The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.
B. Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.
C. The author convinces people to speak comforting worldviews.
D. Industry–funded media present confusing information.
14. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_________.
A. find fault with Lomborg's book
B. voice a different opinion
C. challenge the authority of the media
D. point out the value of scientific views
15. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.
B. To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews.
C. To blame the media's lack of responsibility in information.
D. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文，环保怀疑主义者拒绝承认人类行为对环境的严重威胁。Bjorn Lomborg的新书认为现在地球的环境状态良好，《自然》杂志认为他所使用的材料未经检查，结果并不可信。新闻媒体应该呈现所有的客观信息让人们做出自己的决定。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them.”可知一些怀疑主义者拒绝承认人类行为对环境的严重威胁。C项“People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.”内容与之相符。故C项正确。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.”可知Lomborg's books的书很受欢迎是因为他的观点和很多受到工业资助的组织一致，背后有大的企业在维护他们的利益，用Lomborg的观点来混淆视听。故B项正确。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's "preference for unexamined materials is incredible".”可知Lomborg的观点本应该被批评，《自然》杂志就认为Lomborg的观点所使用的材料是未经检查的，他的观点是难以相信的。作者提出《自然》杂志就是就是为了发出不同的观点。故B项正确。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句“A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.”可知作者通过新闻媒体要有批判性的观点，媒体应该客观批判地呈现所有信息让人们做出决定。故A项正确。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Things You Can do for the Ocean
The ocean supports a global underwater circulation system of currents, which affects temperature and nutrient distribution. _____16_____. It’s time for you to do something for the ocean. Be the best citizen of the ocean you can be by taking these simple steps today.
___17___.
The Monterey Bay Aquarium has made it easy to choose ocean-friendly seafood wherever you live or travel. You can visit their site to determine the pocket guide. And try to carry a reusable cup when travelling. More than 200 billion pounds of plastic is produced in the world every year and about 10% of it ends up in the ocean!_____18_____ You can also make your efforts to reduce the plastic waste by travelling with your own cup.
Leave it better than you found it and reduce water pollution.
Leave natural areas and beaches better than you found them._____19_____, or get together with like-minded members of your community by participating in a local beach clean-up. Reducing water pollution is also beneficial to protecting the ocean. There are simple things you can do to reduce water pollution locally and impact water quality globally._____20_____.You should correctly deal with dangerous materials. Moreover, you should use native plants and natural fertilizers, and be mindful when washing your vehicle.
A. And this in turn affects ultimately human life.
B. The ocean pollution has been a serious problem.
C. Eat sustainable seafood and carry a reusable cup.
D. Bring a small bag and pick the rubbish along the way.
E. You should not eat at the restaurants selling wild animals.
F. You should use poisonless household products whenever possible.
G. Refusing bottled water is an effective way to reduce the waste stream of plastic.
【答案】16. A 17. C
18. G 19. D
20. F
【解析】
本文作者针对如何保护海洋，减少海洋污染这一问题给出了自己的一些建议。
【16题详解】
语义理解题。The ocean supports a global underwater circulation system of currents, which affects temperature and nutrient distribution.和 It’s time for you to do something for the ocean. Be the best citizen of the ocean you can be by taking these simple today.这里提到了海洋的作用以及是时候为海洋做些事情了，故选A。（并且这些反过来会影响人类的基本生活。）
【17题详解】
语义理解题。The Monterey Bay Aquarium has made it easy to choose ocean-friendly seafood wherever you live or travel. You can visit their site to determine the pocket guide. And try to carry a reusable cup when travelling. More than 200 billion pounds of plastic is produced in the world every year and about 10% of it ends up in the ocean! ___3___ You can also make your efforts to reduce the plastic waste by travelling with your own cup.这一段主要讲了吃可持续的海鲜和使用可重复使用的餐具的问题，故选C。
【18题详解】
语义理解题。You can also make your efforts to reduce the plastic waste by travelling with your own cup.这里提到了减少使用塑料的方法，选G。(拒绝瓶装水是一种减少塑料浪费的有效的方法。）
【19题详解】
语义理解题。这里提到了清理海滩的活动，故选D。（带一个小包，沿途捡拾垃圾。）
【20题详解】
语义理解题。You should correctly deal with dangerous materials. 这里提到了你应该正确的处理危险物品，所以上文会说只要可能，你应该使用无毒家居产品，选F。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节, 满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I am a worrier. I worry from the moment I wake to the moment I sleep.
Around a year ago, I found my worries ___21___ me down and down. I needed a way to reduce my ___22___ and make them disappear. Then a brilliant idea occurred to me. Instead of worrying about whatever ___23___ itself to my consciousness at any given moment, and unless I had a ___24___ and urgent worry to deal with, I’d___25___ myself to worrying about imaginary gluons.
This new system ___26___ me quite well for a while ___27___ the day last month when the captain of the plane I was travelling on failed in his landing ___28___ at Shannon Airport, because there was “a problem” with the landing gear (起落架). We
___29___ for a while. Then the captain announced the issue still couldn’t be solved and that the crew would take us through the ___30___ for an emergency landing.
Suddenly my mother’s voice was in my head: “In the ___31___ of an emergency, put your head between your legs and kiss your arse goodbye.” I laughed inwardly at my mother’s joke, and I wondered why I wasn’t ___32___. I suddenly realized I was experiencing a complete and total absence of worry, as there was absolutely nothing
I could do to ___33___ the problem with the plane.
As the runway rose to meet our plane’s ___34___ underbelly and the firefighters
___35___ to meet us, I felt a strange and beautiful ___36___. And as the plane landed perfectly—because, as it ___37___, the problem was with a sensor and not with the landing gear—and people ___38___ and hugged one another, I realized I wasn’t a
___39___ at all. The absence of worry I had just experienced was ___40___an absence
of any possibility of control. So I’m a control freak, wanting to control everything.
And now I’m terribly worried about that.
21. A. let B. put C. dragged D. calmed
22. A. fears B. hopes C. sorrows D. joys
23. A. committed B. presented C. contributed D. recommended
24. A. specific B. constant C. abstract D. secret
25. A. expose B. reduce C. attach D. restrict
26. A. treated B. served C. inspired D. instructed
27. A. since B. after C. before D. until
28. A. test B. rescue C. attempt D. adventure
29. A. circled B. dived C. swung D. taxied
30. A. requirement B. preparation C. procedure D. arrangement
31. A. wake B. course C. event D. light
32. A. thrilled B. amazed C. discouraged D. terrified
33. A. identify B. accept C. change D. explore
34. A. weird B. sick C. soft D. flat
35. A. fled B. marched C. approached D. raced
36. A. excitement B. nervousness C. astonishment D. calmness
37. A. turned out B. brought out C. made out D. ruled out
38. A. responded B. cheered C. wept D. complained
39. A. fighter B. loser C. worrier D. commander
40. A. actually B. strangely C. relatively D. naturally
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，作者曾经是一个忧心忡忡的人，总是担心一些无中生有的事情。后来他做出了改变，在一次飞机事故中他始终都很镇定。最后他发现自己以前总是担忧是因为控制欲太强。
【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. let让…，使…；B. put放置；C. dragged拖，拉；D. calmed使…镇定；动词短语drag down意为“拖垮”，句意：大约一年以前，发现作者的担忧把自己拖垮了。作者需要一个方法来减少自己的恐惧最终让它们消失。根据句意可知C项正确。
【22题详解】
考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. fears恐惧，害怕；B. hopes希望；C. sorrows悲伤；D. joys快乐；根据第一段“I am a worrier.”可知作者是一个悲观主义者，总是充满了恐惧，所以作者需要一个方法减少作者的恐惧并让恐惧消失。故A项正确。
【23题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. committed犯罪，承诺，托付；B. presented呈现；C. contributed捐献，贡献；D. recommended推荐，建议；句意：作者不担忧那些自动呈现在作者的意识里的事情，除非作者有清楚具体的令人担忧的事情，作者不会让自己去担心那些想象出的事情。根据句意可知B项正确。
【24题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. specific具体的，清楚的；B. constant不断的，持续的；C. abstract抽象的；D. secret秘密的；如果作者没有具体清楚的紧急的令人担忧的事情，作者不会让自己去担心那些想象出的事情。故A项正确。
【25题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. expose暴露，接触；B. reduce减少；C. attach 依附；D. restrict限制，约束；除非作者有清楚具体的紧急的令人担忧的事情，作者不会让自己去担心那些想象出的事情。作者对自己担忧的事情范围做出了限制，根据句意可知D项正确。
【26题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. treated对待，治疗；B. served服务，服役；有用C. inspired鼓励，激励；D. instructed指导；作者采用的新的方法非常有用，直到有一天作者乘坐飞机的时候遇见了机械故障。故B项正确。
【27题详解】
考查状语从句连词辨析。A. since自从，既然；B. after在…之后；C. before在…之前；D. until直到…；作者采用的新的方法非常有用，直到有一天作者乘坐飞机的时候遇见了机械故障。故D项正确。
【28题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. test测试；B. rescue救援；C. attempt尝试；D. adventure冒险；当时作者乘坐的飞机在Shannon机场尝试降落的时候，起落架出现了问题，不得不在空中盘旋了一会，机长宣布问题无法解决要采用紧急降落的程序。故C项正确。
【29题详解】
考查动词辨析及生活常识。A. circled盘旋；B. dived潜水，跳水；C. swung游泳；D. taxied滑行；飞机尝试降落失败一会通常会在机场上方盘旋一会以后再次尝试降落，这属于生活常识。故A项正确。
【30题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. requirement要求；B. preparation准备；C. procedure程序，步骤；D. arrangement安排；作者乘坐的飞机在Shannon机场尝试降落的时候，起落架出现了问题，不得不在空中盘旋了一会，机长宣布问题无法解决要采用紧急降落的程序。故C项正确。
【31题详解】
考查固定短语。短语in the event of倘若，万一发生…；句意：突然母亲的话浮现在脑海“万一发生了紧急情况，把头夹在两腿之间，和屁股吻别”。这是母亲说的笑话，让我乐不可支。故C项正确。
【32题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. thrilled激动的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. discouraged泄气的；D. terrified可怕的；当作者因为母亲的笑话而乐不可支的时候，也想知道为什么自己不害怕了。故D项正确。
【33题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. identify鉴定，识别；B. accept接受；C. change改变；D. explore探索；作者意识到自己不再害怕是因为自己无法做出任何事情来改变飞机的问题，故C项正确。
【34题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. weird离奇的；B. sick生病的；C. soft柔软的；D. flat平坦的；根据上文可知飞机的起落架出现了故障导致无法降落，起落架位于飞机的腹部，本句使用sick比喻飞机腹部生病了。故B项正确。
【35题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. fled逃离；B. marched行军；C. approached靠近；D. raced赛跑，奔跑；当飞机降落的时候，消防人员奔跑着过来接乘客脱离险境。使用race说明情况紧急。故D项正确。
【36题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. excitement兴奋；B. nervousness紧张；C. astonishment惊讶；D. calmness平静，镇定；当消防人员奔跑着过来接乘客的时候，作者感到特别的镇定，这种感觉如此特别，与之前总是忧心忡忡完全不一样了。故D项正确。
【37题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. turned out结果是；B. brought out使…显露；C. made out辨认出；D. ruled out排除；当飞机安全降落的时候，最终的结果是某个感应器出了问题而不是起落架的问题。使用turn out表示最终的结果。故A项正确。
【38题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. responded回应；B. cheered欢呼；C. wept哭泣；D. complained抱怨；人们欢呼并相互拥抱在一起，此时作者发现自己一点也不在担忧了。人们劫后余生当然会欢呼雀跃。故B项正确。
【39题详解】
考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. fighter战士；B. loser失败者；C. worrier担忧的人；D. commander指挥官；人们欢呼并相互拥抱在一起，此时作者发现自己一点也不在担忧了。文章第一句“I am a worrier.”告诉我们作者过去总是担心很多事情，现在遇见如此险境的时候，竟然非常镇定，与以前差别很大。故C项正确。
【40题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. actually实际上；B. strangely奇怪地；C. relatively相对地；D. naturally自然地；作者刚才不担忧实际上是不再有控制欲。人们担心是因为自己无法控制事物才会担忧。故A项正确。
【点睛】本文小题7考查了状语从句的连接词，作者采用的新的方法非常有用，直到有一天作者乘坐飞机的时候遇见了机械故障。所以选择连词until引导时间状语从句。
在完成完形填空时，要巧妙利用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项
逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有：
（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and, but, or, until,because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；
（2）短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；
（3）分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。
逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。
例： The girl became increasingly worried about this, both when__46__and in her dream.
（全国卷I）
46. A. asleep B. away C. around D. awake
析：本句的逻辑关系语是both ... and ...，它表示并列关系。and后出现了in her dreams，故此空必定和其有关。选项中只有awake和in her dreams构成反义关系，因此D项正确。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 英语知识运用
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu, _____41_____(especial), has had a great effect _____42_____ the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other _____43_____(aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the _____44_____(great) of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are _____45_____ mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it _____46_____(challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas _____47_____(give) in The Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even _____48_____(much) ancient period codified(编纂) in The Five Classics. From them, the West learns _____49_____ is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui. So far China has taken steps _____50_____(further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.
【答案】41. especially.
42. on 43. aspects
44. greatness.
45. a 46. is challenged.
47. given 48. more
49. what 50. to further
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，以中国功夫为代表的中国文化正引起全世界的注意，世界各国对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓厚，我们也在采取措施进一步宣传中国文化。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：传统中国文化开始引起全世界的注意，尤其是中国功夫对通过它了解中国的成百万人有很大的影响。副词在句中通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子；形容词通常作定语或表语修饰名词。句中使用副词修饰整个句子，所以要填副词especially。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：中国功夫对通过它了解中国的成百万人有很大的影响。动词短语have an effect on…意为“对…有很大影响”，它的宾语是the millions of people。所以本句要填介词on。
【43题详解】
考查名词单复数。句意：通过中国功夫，他们来到中国了解到中国文化的其他方面。名词aspect意为“方面”，是一个可数名词，中国文化有很多不同的方面，句中要用复数形式。所以要填aspects。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：其他的亚洲国家早就了解到古代中国文化的伟大之处。句中形容词some other后面要接名词做learn about的宾语，所以句中要填名词形式greatness。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们自己的文化是一个本土文化和古代中国文化的混合体。句中不定冠词a修饰mix，表示泛指。所以要填不定冠词a。
【46题详解】
考查语态。句意：韩国和日本很久之前就采用了孔子思想，一直持续至今受到了流行文化的挑战。本句主语it与动词challenge构成被动关系，要用被动语态，所以要填is challenged。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国文化的长处来着《四书》给出的观点。名词ideas与动词give构成被动关系，要用过去分词短语做定语修饰ideas。所以要填given。
【48题详解】
考查比较级。本句指《四书》中的观点来自于更早的古代典籍《五经》，通过句意可知把《四书》和《五经》进行比较，《五经》历史更为悠久，所以句中使用比较级形式more。
【49题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：从它们里面，西方人学会很多独特的中文，如“风水”。句中what引导宾语从句，并在句中做主语。所以要填what。
【50题详解】
考查不定式。句意：到目前为止，中国已经采取步骤来推进中国文化的传播。介词不定式短语to further this spread of its culture在句中作目的状语。所以要填to further。
【点睛】本文小题3考查了名词单复数形式。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。这是最简单也是最基本的形式变化，只要注意整体形式的一致性。
例：There are many students living at school，the(child) houses are all far from schoo1.
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—复数的所有格children’s。
以小题3为例，名词aspect意为“方面”，是一个可数名词，中国文化有很多不同的方面，句中要用复数形式。所以要填aspects。
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Rain is of greatly importance to us. Without rain, our water supply would cut off and we would die, such would plants and animals. Therefore, too much rain does a lot of harms to us. It floods fields, towns and cities, cause great losses for us. So far, man’s control over rain had never stopped. If we can gain more effective control over rain, we will enjoy more freedom from the nature. Luckily, we humans have taken steps, such as planting more trees or using weather forecasts, to help avoiding flood damage and protect our water supply.
【答案】
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是雨水对我们非常的重要。
【详解】1.考查形容词。此处importance（重要性）是名词，用形容词来修饰，故把greatly改成great。
2.考查被动语态。句意：我们的水供应将被切断。句子用过去将来时态的被动语态，故在would后加be。
3.考查so的用法。句意：没有雨水，我们的水供应就会被切断，我们就会死去，植物和动物也会死去。so + 连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+另一主语，此句型中需将主.谓语倒装.表示前句所述的肯定情况也适用于另外一个人或物.其中的so作“也这样,也如此 解。故把such改成so。
4.考查副词。句意：没有雨水，我们的水供应就会被切断，我们就会死去，植物和动物也会死去。然而，太多的雨水对我们造成了很大的伤害。前后表示一种转折关系，故把Therefore改成However。
5.考查固定搭配。do harm to sb.对某人造成伤害，故把harms改成harm。
6.考查现在分词。句意：它淹没了田野、城镇和城市，结果给我们带来了巨大的损失。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故把cause改成causing。
7.考查时态。根据so far可知句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是control，是单数第三人称，故把had改成has。
8.考查不可数名词。nature做“大自然”讲时，前面不用冠词，故把from去掉。
9.考查并列连词。句意：幸运的是，我们人类已经采取了一些措施，比如种植更多的树木和使用天气预报，以帮助避免洪水破坏和保护我们的供水。此处是递进的并列关系，故把or改成and。
10.考查固定搭配。help（to）do sth.帮助做某事，故把avoiding改成avoid。
【点睛】“so+助动词+主语”倒装
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
注意：(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别："It was cold yesterday." "So it was."“昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did."“爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你刚从英国为期五天的旅游回来，非常感谢好友Rick的款待。得知他对中国的文化非常感兴趣，特别是即将到来的国庆节，请你写一封信介绍中国的国庆节。内容要点：
1. 感谢他的招待；
2. 介绍中国的国庆节（时间、意义等）；
3. 欢迎他来中国。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Rick,
How is everything going?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Rick,
How is everything going? I had a five-day trip to London last week. I would like to express my gratitude for your hospitality and kindness when I was in London.
Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture, especially National Day, I would love to introduce it to you. National Day, one of the most significant festivals in China, falls on October 1st every year. People celebrate this festival in celebration of the foundation of People’s Republic of China dating back to 1949. People in China will hold a variety of activities to honor that day, such as holding grand military parade, having a travel.
Welcome to China. You will have an unforgettable experience if you come to China before this festival.
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇提纲类书面表达，要求考生把自己当成李华，刚从英国为期五天的旅游回来，非常感谢好友Rick的款待。得知他对中国的文化非常感兴趣，特别是即将到来的国庆节，请写信介绍中国的国庆节。全文以一般现在时和第三人称为主。
【详解】第1步：审题。根据提示可知全文是一封信件，要求考生给Rick写信感谢他的款待并介绍中国的国庆节，全文以一般现在时和第三人称为主。
第2步：组织要点。1. 感谢他的招待；2. 介绍中国的国庆节（时间10月1日、庆祝新中国成立、举行各种活动，如阅兵式等）；3. 欢迎他来中国。
第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为express my gratitude、take a great fancy to、the most significant festivals、celebrate、date back to、hold a variety of activities 等。写作时注意书信的格式和惯用语。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化，并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇，如gratitude 、significant、celebrate、date back to等等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如分词作状语：Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture, especially National Day, I would love to introduce it to you.同时文章的一些串联成分，这些串联词让各个要点更为紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。
济宁一中2018-2019学年度高三上学期第一次调研考试
英语试题
命题人： 审题人：
本试卷分第I卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。考试结束后, 将答题卡和答题纸一并交回。
第I卷
第一部分：听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）
1. Where does the man live?
A. In Flat A, 10th Floor. B. In Flat C, 10th Floor. C. In Flat A, 9th Floor.
2. What does the man want the woman to do?
A. Speak louder. B. Apologize to her. C. Turn the radio down.
3. How is the man probably feeling about the report?
A. Disappointed. B. Stressed. C. Confused.
4. What will the man do?
A. Play baseball. B. Meet his friend. C. Go to the doctor’s.
5. When does the man suggest the woman go to Italy?
A. 1n April. B. In July. C. In August.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分）
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the woman want to do?
A. To the square. B. To the hotel. C. To the coffee house.
7. How will the woman most probably go?
A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. By underground.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. How to protect the environment.
B. How to choose gifts.
C. How to save money.
9. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Make a shopping list. B. Use less paper. C. Send Christmas cards.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题
10. What does the woman suggest the man do about the marketing report?
A. Collect information as soon as possible.
B. Talk with Ronald Freeman.
C. Wait for the boss's call.
11. Which report will be finished today?
A. The marketing report. B. The Jackson report. C. The financial report.
12. When does the conversation take place?
A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the woman?
A. A university student. B. A news reporter. C. A football player.
14. How many people was the man living with in his childhood?
A. Five. B. Nine. C. Ten
15. What was the man's opinion about Zippy?
A. He was quite confident.
B. He was hard to get on with.
C. He was very good at football.
16. Why did the man become friends with Zippy?
A. They were housemates.
B. They shared the same interests.
C. They were in the same football team.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who started Music for Education?
A. Some parents. B. Some musicians. C. Some students.
18. How did local students find their music lessons?
A. Fun. B. Impractical. C. Important.
19. What is one of the aims of Music for Education?
A. To hold a concert every month.
B. To provide money for its members.
C. To help children to develop musical skills.
20. What is the purpose of the speech?
A. To raise money.
B. To advertise for the organization.
C. To help people understand music.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
The annual World Economic Forum (经济论坛) took place in Davos, Switzerland, in Jan. 23-26, 2018. What did Chinese entrepreneurs (企业家) speak in the forum? Are there some quotable quotes for you?
★Jack Ma, founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group
“I think globalization cannot be stopped — no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade. If trade stops, the world stops. Trade is the way to dissolve (溶解，结束) the war not cause the war,” said Ma in Davos, “Google, Facebook, Amazon and Alibaba — we are the luckiest companies of this century. But we have the responsibility to have a good heart, and do something good.”
★Richard Liu, founder and chief executive officer of JD
“Business is not only a way to make money but also a way to contribute yourself, to help people,” Liu said in a speech in Davos. “How can we face the fractured (分化的) world? That’s the topics of the Davos this year. I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, if we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners,” he said.
★Jane Sun, CEO of Ctrip
“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.” Sun told Sina.com in Davos. “We invested heavily in ABC. A refers to AI, B is big data, and C is cloud computing. As we continue to expand overseas, these three will be very good weapons for us. So we think those mean opportunity,” she said.
★Hu Xiaoming, president of Aliyun
“In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use ‘cloud’, and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,” Hu told Xinhua in Davos.
1. What do Chinese entrepreneurs like Jack Ma and Richard Liu focus more on?
A. More huge jumps in profits. B. The role of science in business.
C. Reducing production costs. D. The joined efforts of mankind.
2. What is the main business of Ctrip?
A. Tourism. B. The creation of AI.
C. Computer. D. Financial service online.
3. What does Hu think will promote global economic development?
A. Economy recovery. B. Cloud computing.
C. The World Economic Forum. D. Financial efficiency.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，2018年达沃斯论坛1月23日之28日在瑞士进行，文章介绍了与会的四位中国企业家的发言内容。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“I think globalization cannot be stopped — no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade.”和第三段第三句“I think a very important thing in business is cooperation.”可知马云认为全球化是历史进程，没有人可以阻止；刘强东认为最重要的是合作。他们都认为人类要共同努力。故D项正确。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.”可知Jane Sun主要在交流与旅游相关的话题，而Ctrip是一个从事旅游行业的公司。故A项正确。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一句“More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use ‘cloud’, and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,” Hu told Xinhua in Davos.”可知Hu Xiaoming认为云计算能够提高技术和金融的效率，能够促进全球经济的发展。故B项正确。
B
If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple — eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.
During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.
The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory — where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food’s role in earning trust.
In a test, participants were told to watch TV — where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble (咬), while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked.
The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.
The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions (交易) from the start.”
Harley Street psychologist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”
4. According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who ______.
A. reduces the price of his products
B. advertises his products on TV
C. has the same taste as them
D. pays attention to the quality of his products
5. The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that ____.
A. bosses like employees that have the same taste as them
B. food plays an important role in earning people’s trust
C. people who have similar tastes to their boss’s earn more
D. people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV
6. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn’t been proved by researchers.
B. People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.
C. People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other.
D. People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things.
7. Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory?
A. Honesty is the best policy. B. All good things come to an end.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. Birds of a feather flock together.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“similarity attraction theory”，这种理论告诉我们人们倾向于喜欢和他们有类似食物品味和习惯的人。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory — where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves.”可知人们倾向于喜欢和他们有类似食物品味和习惯的人。由此类推，顾客可能会购买和他有类似食物品味的销售商的产品。故C项正确。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.”可知研究结果说明观众很容易购买商品，因为他们受到了吃同样食物的人的影响。说明食物在获得人们的信任方面起着重要的作用。故B项正确。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory — where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves.”可知人们倾向于喜欢和他们有类似食物品味和习惯的人。芝加哥大学研究人员的研究证明了这个理论是有效的，也就是说喜欢类似食物的人更可能相互信任。故C项正确。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文，说明了similarity attraction theory，这种理论告诉我们人们倾向于喜欢和他们有类似食物品味和习惯的人。D项“人以群分物以类聚”表示趣味相投的人会在一起，与该理论一致。故D项正确。
C
For environmental reasons, Britain will ban all new petro-and diesel-powered vehicles from its roads beginning in 23 years, a government report says.
The plan, expected Wednesday, aims to start removing petrol and diesel engines in 2040. It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air. Judges ruled that previous clean-air plans were not enough to meet European Union pollution limits in the coming years.
Britain’s government has said the poor air quality has an unnecessary and avoidable negative effect on citizens’ health, and costs up to $ 3.5 billion in annual lost productivity.
Part of the new plan involves an offer of $ 260 million to local governments to change rules where vehicle emissions(排放) are over EU standards. Ideas so far include changing road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.
The plan also includes $1.3 billion for government purchase of extreme-low-emission vehicles, nearly $ 130 million to improve infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations and $ 378 million for remodeling existing vehicles.
Climate change is also a reason for the plan to get these vehicles off the road. “We can’t carry on with petrol and diesel cars,” Environment Secretary Michael Gove said. “It’s important we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the problems of health caused by emissions, but the broader problems caused in terms of accelerating climate change.”
Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for coming up with ways to limit emissions, including possible limitations on commuters(上下班往返者) and the addition of cleaner mass transportation options. Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emission, he said.
8. Why does the British government decide on this ban?
A. To focus on its citizens’ health. B. To respond to the court’s request.
C. To promote solar energy in transport. D. To follow in France’s footsteps.
9. Which measure may the British government take to achieve its plan?
A. To follow in France’s footsteps.
B. Removing old and high-emission vehicles.
C. Spending some money on electric vehicles.
D. Changing the way roads are arranged.
10. What can be inferred from Gove’s words?
A. Convenient public transportation is badly needed.
B. United efforts are required to achieve the plan.
C. Vehicle emissions are the key factor in climate change.
D. Petrol and diesel cars may hold back economic progress.
11. What is the suitable title for this passage?
A. Practical ways to reduce vehicle emissions
B. The EU forces Britain to improve the poor air quality
C. Britain plans to take petrol and diesel engines off roads
D. Relationship between vehicle emissions and climate change
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，英国计划23年以后在2040年禁止使用汽油和柴油车，英国最高法院要求政府制定新的法律减少空气污染，英国政府计划了一系列的行动并号召所有人一起努力实现这个目标。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air.”可知英国最高法院要求政府制定新的法律减少空气污染，所以这个禁令是由于英国法院的要求。故B项正确。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Ideas so far include changing road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.”可知做法包括改变道路设置、重编交通灯、收取老旧车辆污染车辆费等。故D项正确。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后两段“Environment Secretary Michael Gove said. “It’s important we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the problems of health caused by … Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for ……Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emission, he said.”可知Gove认为所有人都应该共同努力，地方社区居民和地方领导人都要一起努力实现目标。故B项正确。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。本文是一篇记叙文，英国计划23年以后在2040年禁止使用汽油和柴油车，英国最高法院要求政府制定新的法律减少空气污染，英国政府计划了一系列的行动并号召所有人一起努力实现这个目标。故C项正确。
D
Skeptics are strange a lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The "eco-guilt" brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.
Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the "real state of the world" as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.
So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that "After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down."
Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's "preference for unexamined materials is incredible".
A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.
12. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as "skeptics"?
A. People who agree on the popularity of "eco-guilt".
B. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.
C. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.
D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.
13. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's books?
A. The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.
B. Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.
C. The author convinces people to speak comforting worldviews.
D. Industry–funded media present confusing information.
14. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_________.
A. find fault with Lomborg's book
B. voice a different opinion
C. challenge the authority of the media
D. point out the value of scientific views
15. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.
B. To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews.
C. To blame the media's lack of responsibility in information.
D. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文，环保怀疑主义者拒绝承认人类行为对环境的严重威胁。Bjorn Lomborg的新书认为现在地球的环境状态良好，《自然》杂志认为他所使用的材料未经检查，结果并不可信。新闻媒体应该呈现所有的客观信息让人们做出自己的决定。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them.”可知一些怀疑主义者拒绝承认人类行为对环境的严重威胁。C项“People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.”内容与之相符。故C项正确。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.”可知Lomborg's books的书很受欢迎是因为他的观点和很多受到工业资助的组织一致，背后有大的企业在维护他们的利益，用Lomborg的观点来混淆视听。故B项正确。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's "preference for unexamined materials is incredible".”可知Lomborg的观点本应该被批评，《自然》杂志就认为Lomborg的观点所使用的材料是未经检查的，他的观点是难以相信的。作者提出《自然》杂志就是就是为了发出不同的观点。故B项正确。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句“A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.”可知作者通过新闻媒体要有批判性的观点，媒体应该客观批判地呈现所有信息让人们做出决定。故A项正确。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Things You Can do for the Ocean
The ocean supports a global underwater circulation system of currents, which affects temperature and nutrient distribution. _____16_____. It’s time for you to do something for the ocean. Be the best citizen of the ocean you can be by taking these simple steps today.
___17___.
The Monterey Bay Aquarium has made it easy to choose ocean-friendly seafood wherever you live or travel. You can visit their site to determine the pocket guide. And try to carry a reusable cup when travelling. More than 200 billion pounds of plastic is produced in the world every year and about 10% of it ends up in the ocean!_____18_____ You can also make your efforts to reduce the plastic waste by travelling with your own cup.
Leave it better than you found it and reduce water pollution.
Leave natural areas and beaches better than you found them._____19_____, or get together with like-minded members of your community by participating in a local beach clean-up. Reducing water pollution is also beneficial to protecting the ocean. There are simple things you can do to reduce water pollution locally and impact water quality globally._____20_____.You should correctly deal with dangerous materials. Moreover, you should use native plants and natural fertilizers, and be mindful when washing your vehicle.
A. And this in turn affects ultimately human life.
B. The ocean pollution has been a serious problem.
C. Eat sustainable seafood and carry a reusable cup.
D. Bring a small bag and pick the rubbish along the way.
E. You should not eat at the restaurants selling wild animals.
F. You should use poisonless household products whenever possible.
G. Refusing bottled water is an effective way to reduce the waste stream of plastic.
【答案】16. A 17. C
18. G 19. D
20. F
【解析】
本文作者针对如何保护海洋，减少海洋污染这一问题给出了自己的一些建议。
【16题详解】
语义理解题。The ocean supports a global underwater circulation system of currents, which affects temperature and nutrient distribution.和 It’s time for you to do something for the ocean. Be the best citizen of the ocean you can be by taking these simple today.这里提到了海洋的作用以及是时候为海洋做些事情了，故选A。（并且这些反过来会影响人类的基本生活。）
【17题详解】
语义理解题。The Monterey Bay Aquarium has made it easy to choose ocean-friendly seafood wherever you live or travel. You can visit their site to determine the pocket guide. And try to carry a reusable cup when travelling. More than 200 billion pounds of plastic is produced in the world every year and about 10% of it ends up in the ocean! ___3___ You can also make your efforts to reduce the plastic waste by travelling with your own cup.这一段主要讲了吃可持续的海鲜和使用可重复使用的餐具的问题，故选C。
【18题详解】
语义理解题。You can also make your efforts to reduce the plastic waste by travelling with your own cup.这里提到了减少使用塑料的方法，选G。(拒绝瓶装水是一种减少塑料浪费的有效的方法。）
【19题详解】
语义理解题。这里提到了清理海滩的活动，故选D。（带一个小包，沿途捡拾垃圾。）
【20题详解】
语义理解题。You should correctly deal with dangerous materials. 这里提到了你应该正确的处理危险物品，所以上文会说只要可能，你应该使用无毒家居产品，选F。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节, 满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I am a worrier. I worry from the moment I wake to the moment I sleep.
Around a year ago, I found my worries ___21___ me down and down. I needed a way to reduce my ___22___ and make them disappear. Then a brilliant idea occurred to me. Instead of worrying about whatever ___23___ itself to my consciousness at any given moment, and unless I had a ___24___ and urgent worry to deal with, I’d___25___ myself to worrying about imaginary gluons.
This new system ___26___ me quite well for a while ___27___ the day last month when the captain of the plane I was travelling on failed in his landing ___28___ at Shannon Airport, because there was “a problem” with the landing gear (起落架). We
___29___ for a while. Then the captain announced the issue still couldn’t be solved and that the crew would take us through the ___30___ for an emergency landing.
Suddenly my mother’s voice was in my head: “In the ___31___ of an emergency, put your head between your legs and kiss your arse goodbye.” I laughed inwardly at my mother’s joke, and I wondered why I wasn’t ___32___. I suddenly realized I was experiencing a complete and total absence of worry, as there was absolutely nothing
I could do to ___33___ the problem with the plane.
As the runway rose to meet our plane’s ___34___ underbelly and the firefighters
___35___ to meet us, I felt a strange and beautiful ___36___. And as the plane landed perfectly—because, as it ___37___, the problem was with a sensor and not with the landing gear—and people ___38___ and hugged one another, I realized I wasn’t a
___39___ at all. The absence of worry I had just experienced was ___40___an absence
of any possibility of control. So I’m a control freak, wanting to control everything.
And now I’m terribly worried about that.
21. A. let B. put C. dragged D. calmed
22. A. fears B. hopes C. sorrows D. joys
23. A. committed B. presented C. contributed D. recommended
24. A. specific B. constant C. abstract D. secret
25. A. expose B. reduce C. attach D. restrict
26. A. treated B. served C. inspired D. instructed
27. A. since B. after C. before D. until
28. A. test B. rescue C. attempt D. adventure
29. A. circled B. dived C. swung D. taxied
30. A. requirement B. preparation C. procedure D. arrangement
31. A. wake B. course C. event D. light
32. A. thrilled B. amazed C. discouraged D. terrified
33. A. identify B. accept C. change D. explore
34. A. weird B. sick C. soft D. flat
35. A. fled B. marched C. approached D. raced
36. A. excitement B. nervousness C. astonishment D. calmness
37. A. turned out B. brought out C. made out D. ruled out
38. A. responded B. cheered C. wept D. complained
39. A. fighter B. loser C. worrier D. commander
40. A. actually B. strangely C. relatively D. naturally
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，作者曾经是一个忧心忡忡的人，总是担心一些无中生有的事情。后来他做出了改变，在一次飞机事故中他始终都很镇定。最后他发现自己以前总是担忧是因为控制欲太强。
【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. let让…，使…；B. put放置；C. dragged拖，拉；D. calmed使…镇定；动词短语drag down意为“拖垮”，句意：大约一年以前，发现作者的担忧把自己拖垮了。作者需要一个方法来减少自己的恐惧最终让它们消失。根据句意可知C项正确。
【22题详解】
考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. fears恐惧，害怕；B. hopes希望；C. sorrows悲伤；D. joys快乐；根据第一段“I am a worrier.”可知作者是一个悲观主义者，总是充满了恐惧，所以作者需要一个方法减少作者的恐惧并让恐惧消失。故A项正确。
【23题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. committed犯罪，承诺，托付；B. presented呈现；C. contributed捐献，贡献；D. recommended推荐，建议；句意：作者不担忧那些自动呈现在作者的意识里的事情，除非作者有清楚具体的令人担忧的事情，作者不会让自己去担心那些想象出的事情。根据句意可知B项正确。
【24题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. specific具体的，清楚的；B. constant不断的，持续的；C. abstract抽象的；D. secret秘密的；如果作者没有具体清楚的紧急的令人担忧的事情，作者不会让自己去担心那些想象出的事情。故A项正确。
【25题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. expose暴露，接触；B. reduce减少；C. attach 依附；D. restrict限制，约束；除非作者有清楚具体的紧急的令人担忧的事情，作者不会让自己去担心那些想象出的事情。作者对自己担忧的事情范围做出了限制，根据句意可知D项正确。
【26题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. treated对待，治疗；B. served服务，服役；有用C. inspired鼓励，激励；D. instructed指导；作者采用的新的方法非常有用，直到有一天作者乘坐飞机的时候遇见了机械故障。故B项正确。
【27题详解】
考查状语从句连词辨析。A. since自从，既然；B. after在…之后；C. before在…之前；D. until直到…；作者采用的新的方法非常有用，直到有一天作者乘坐飞机的时候遇见了机械故障。故D项正确。
【28题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. test测试；B. rescue救援；C. attempt尝试；D. adventure冒险；当时作者乘坐的飞机在Shannon机场尝试降落的时候，起落架出现了问题，不得不在空中盘旋了一会，机长宣布问题无法解决要采用紧急降落的程序。故C项正确。
【29题详解】
考查动词辨析及生活常识。A. circled盘旋；B. dived潜水，跳水；C. swung游泳；D. taxied滑行；飞机尝试降落失败一会通常会在机场上方盘旋一会以后再次尝试降落，这属于生活常识。故A项正确。
【30题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. requirement要求；B. preparation准备；C. procedure程序，步骤；D. arrangement安排；作者乘坐的飞机在Shannon机场尝试降落的时候，起落架出现了问题，不得不在空中盘旋了一会，机长宣布问题无法解决要采用紧急降落的程序。故C项正确。
【31题详解】
考查固定短语。短语in the event of倘若，万一发生…；句意：突然母亲的话浮现在脑海“万一发生了紧急情况，把头夹在两腿之间，和屁股吻别”。这是母亲说的笑话，让我乐不可支。故C项正确。
【32题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. thrilled激动的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. discouraged泄气的；D. terrified可怕的；当作者因为母亲的笑话而乐不可支的时候，也想知道为什么自己不害怕了。故D项正确。
【33题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. identify鉴定，识别；B. accept接受；C. change改变；D. explore探索；作者意识到自己不再害怕是因为自己无法做出任何事情来改变飞机的问题，故C项正确。
【34题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. weird离奇的；B. sick生病的；C. soft柔软的；D. flat平坦的；根据上文可知飞机的起落架出现了故障导致无法降落，起落架位于飞机的腹部，本句使用sick比喻飞机腹部生病了。故B项正确。
【35题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. fled逃离；B. marched行军；C. approached靠近；D. raced赛跑，奔跑；当飞机降落的时候，消防人员奔跑着过来接乘客脱离险境。使用race说明情况紧急。故D项正确。
【36题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. excitement兴奋；B. nervousness紧张；C. astonishment惊讶；D. calmness平静，镇定；当消防人员奔跑着过来接乘客的时候，作者感到特别的镇定，这种感觉如此特别，与之前总是忧心忡忡完全不一样了。故D项正确。
【37题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. turned out结果是；B. brought out使…显露；C. made out辨认出；D. ruled out排除；当飞机安全降落的时候，最终的结果是某个感应器出了问题而不是起落架的问题。使用turn out表示最终的结果。故A项正确。
【38题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. responded回应；B. cheered欢呼；C. wept哭泣；D. complained抱怨；人们欢呼并相互拥抱在一起，此时作者发现自己一点也不在担忧了。人们劫后余生当然会欢呼雀跃。故B项正确。
【39题详解】
考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. fighter战士；B. loser失败者；C. worrier担忧的人；D. commander指挥官；人们欢呼并相互拥抱在一起，此时作者发现自己一点也不在担忧了。文章第一句“I am a worrier.”告诉我们作者过去总是担心很多事情，现在遇见如此险境的时候，竟然非常镇定，与以前差别很大。故C项正确。
【40题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. actually实际上；B. strangely奇怪地；C. relatively相对地；D. naturally自然地；作者刚才不担忧实际上是不再有控制欲。人们担心是因为自己无法控制事物才会担忧。故A项正确。
【点睛】本文小题7考查了状语从句的连接词，作者采用的新的方法非常有用，直到有一天作者乘坐飞机的时候遇见了机械故障。所以选择连词until引导时间状语从句。
在完成完形填空时，要巧妙利用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项
逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有：
（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and, but, or, until,because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；
（2）短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；
（3）分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。
逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。
例： The girl became increasingly worried about this, both when__46__and in her dream.
（全国卷I）
46. A. asleep B. away C. around D. awake
析：本句的逻辑关系语是both ... and ...，它表示并列关系。and后出现了in her dreams，故此空必定和其有关。选项中只有awake和in her dreams构成反义关系，因此D项正确。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 英语知识运用
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu, _____41_____(especial), has had a great effect _____42_____ the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other _____43_____(aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the _____44_____(great) of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are _____45_____ mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it _____46_____(challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas _____47_____(give) in The Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even _____48_____(much) ancient period codified(编纂) in The Five Classics. From them, the West learns _____49_____ is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui. So far China has taken steps _____50_____(further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.
【答案】41. especially.
42. on 43. aspects
44. greatness.
45. a 46. is challenged.
47. given 48. more
49. what 50. to further
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，以中国功夫为代表的中国文化正引起全世界的注意，世界各国对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓厚，我们也在采取措施进一步宣传中国文化。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：传统中国文化开始引起全世界的注意，尤其是中国功夫对通过它了解中国的成百万人有很大的影响。副词在句中通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子；形容词通常作定语或表语修饰名词。句中使用副词修饰整个句子，所以要填副词especially。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：中国功夫对通过它了解中国的成百万人有很大的影响。动词短语have an effect on…意为“对…有很大影响”，它的宾语是the millions of people。所以本句要填介词on。
【43题详解】
考查名词单复数。句意：通过中国功夫，他们来到中国了解到中国文化的其他方面。名词aspect意为“方面”，是一个可数名词，中国文化有很多不同的方面，句中要用复数形式。所以要填aspects。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：其他的亚洲国家早就了解到古代中国文化的伟大之处。句中形容词some other后面要接名词做learn about的宾语，所以句中要填名词形式greatness。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们自己的文化是一个本土文化和古代中国文化的混合体。句中不定冠词a修饰mix，表示泛指。所以要填不定冠词a。
【46题详解】
考查语态。句意：韩国和日本很久之前就采用了孔子思想，一直持续至今受到了流行文化的挑战。本句主语it与动词challenge构成被动关系，要用被动语态，所以要填is challenged。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国文化的长处来着《四书》给出的观点。名词ideas与动词give构成被动关系，要用过去分词短语做定语修饰ideas。所以要填given。
【48题详解】
考查比较级。本句指《四书》中的观点来自于更早的古代典籍《五经》，通过句意可知把《四书》和《五经》进行比较，《五经》历史更为悠久，所以句中使用比较级形式more。
【49题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：从它们里面，西方人学会很多独特的中文，如“风水”。句中what引导宾语从句，并在句中做主语。所以要填what。
【50题详解】
考查不定式。句意：到目前为止，中国已经采取步骤来推进中国文化的传播。介词不定式短语to further this spread of its culture在句中作目的状语。所以要填to further。
【点睛】本文小题3考查了名词单复数形式。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。这是最简单也是最基本的形式变化，只要注意整体形式的一致性。
例：There are many students living at school，the(child) houses are all far from schoo1.
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—复数的所有格children’s。
以小题3为例，名词aspect意为“方面”，是一个可数名词，中国文化有很多不同的方面，句中要用复数形式。所以要填aspects。
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Rain is of greatly importance to us. Without rain, our water supply would cut off and we would die, such would plants and animals. Therefore, too much rain does a lot of harms to us. It floods fields, towns and cities, cause great losses for us. So far, man’s control over rain had never stopped. If we can gain more effective control over rain, we will enjoy more freedom from the nature. Luckily, we humans have taken steps, such as planting more trees or using weather forecasts, to help avoiding flood damage and protect our water supply.
【答案】
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是雨水对我们非常的重要。
【详解】1.考查形容词。此处importance（重要性）是名词，用形容词来修饰，故把greatly改成great。
2.考查被动语态。句意：我们的水供应将被切断。句子用过去将来时态的被动语态，故在would后加be。
3.考查so的用法。句意：没有雨水，我们的水供应就会被切断，我们就会死去，植物和动物也会死去。so + 连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+另一主语，此句型中需将主.谓语倒装.表示前句所述的肯定情况也适用于另外一个人或物.其中的so作“也这样,也如此 解。故把such改成so。
4.考查副词。句意：没有雨水，我们的水供应就会被切断，我们就会死去，植物和动物也会死去。然而，太多的雨水对我们造成了很大的伤害。前后表示一种转折关系，故把Therefore改成However。
5.考查固定搭配。do harm to sb.对某人造成伤害，故把harms改成harm。
6.考查现在分词。句意：它淹没了田野、城镇和城市，结果给我们带来了巨大的损失。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故把cause改成causing。
7.考查时态。根据so far可知句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是control，是单数第三人称，故把had改成has。
8.考查不可数名词。nature做“大自然”讲时，前面不用冠词，故把from去掉。
9.考查并列连词。句意：幸运的是，我们人类已经采取了一些措施，比如种植更多的树木和使用天气预报，以帮助避免洪水破坏和保护我们的供水。此处是递进的并列关系，故把or改成and。
10.考查固定搭配。help（to）do sth.帮助做某事，故把avoiding改成avoid。
【点睛】“so+助动词+主语”倒装
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
注意：(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别："It was cold yesterday." "So it was."“昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did."“爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你刚从英国为期五天的旅游回来，非常感谢好友Rick的款待。得知他对中国的文化非常感兴趣，特别是即将到来的国庆节，请你写一封信介绍中国的国庆节。内容要点：
1. 感谢他的招待；
2. 介绍中国的国庆节（时间、意义等）；
3. 欢迎他来中国。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Rick,
How is everything going?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Rick,
How is everything going? I had a five-day trip to London last week. I would like to express my gratitude for your hospitality and kindness when I was in London.
Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture, especially National Day, I would love to introduce it to you. National Day, one of the most significant festivals in China, falls on October 1st every year. People celebrate this festival in celebration of the foundation of People’s Republic of China dating back to 1949. People in China will hold a variety of activities to honor that day, such as holding grand military parade, having a travel.
Welcome to China. You will have an unforgettable experience if you come to China before this festival.
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇提纲类书面表达，要求考生把自己当成李华，刚从英国为期五天的旅游回来，非常感谢好友Rick的款待。得知他对中国的文化非常感兴趣，特别是即将到来的国庆节，请写信介绍中国的国庆节。全文以一般现在时和第三人称为主。
【详解】第1步：审题。根据提示可知全文是一封信件，要求考生给Rick写信感谢他的款待并介绍中国的国庆节，全文以一般现在时和第三人称为主。
第2步：组织要点。1. 感谢他的招待；2. 介绍中国的国庆节（时间10月1日、庆祝新中国成立、举行各种活动，如阅兵式等）；3. 欢迎他来中国。
第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为express my gratitude、take a great fancy to、the most significant festivals、celebrate、date back to、hold a variety of activities 等。写作时注意书信的格式和惯用语。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化，并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇，如gratitude 、significant、celebrate、date back to等等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如分词作状语：Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture, especially National Day, I would love to introduce it to you.同时文章的一些串联成分，这些串联词让各个要点更为紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。
相关资料
更多
