2021届高考英语大一轮复习Unit21HumanBiology课时作业21b北师大版选修7 练习
展开课时作业21 Human Biology
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·河南八市联考)
Many of the world's most wellknown people were once successful failures. Here are the stories of a few of them.
Abraham Lincoln (1809—1865)
Abraham Lincoln was one of America's greatest leaders, taking the country through the Civil War (from 1860 to 1865). However, his life was never easy. He started numerous businesses that failed. He went bankrupt twice, and was defeated in 26 campaigns for public office. He later said, “My great concern is not whether you have failed, but whether you are content with your failure.”
Vincent Van Gogh (1853—1890)
Van Gogh is one of the most famous and influential painters in the history of Western Art. He's renowned for paintings such as The Starry Night, The Potato Eaters and Sunflowers. However, during his lifetime, Van Gogh sold only one painting for a very small amount of money. Despite this, he carried on painting, sometimes even going without food so he could complete his collection of over 800 known works.
Albert Einstein (1879—1955)
Albert Einstein won the Noble Prize in Physics in 1921. However, he wasn't always considered as a “genius”. He didn't speak until he was four, and couldn't read until he was seven. His teachers and parents thought he was slow, so he was expelled from school and couldn't get into the Zurich Polytechnic School. He later famously said, “Success is failure in progress.”
Stephen King (born 1947)
Stephen King is one of the bestselling authors of all time, but his first book, Carrie, was rejected by about 30 publishers. Eventually, Stephen threw it in the bin, but his wife fished it out and encouraged him to resubmit it, which he did successfully this time!
这篇文章主要讲了世界上的许多人在成功之前都遭遇了失败，并且为我们列举了几个非常有名的人物的例子。
1．Which statement is true about Abraham Lincoln?
A．He led the American War of Independence.
B．He never succeeded in his business.
C．He was full of courage and perseverance.
D．He is the greatest president of the United States.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的However, his life was never easy. He started numerous businesses that failed. He went bankrupt twice, and was defeated in 26 campaigns for public office. He later said, “My great concern is not whether you have failed, but whether you are content with your failure.”可推断出亚伯拉罕·林肯充满勇气，坚持不懈，选C。
2．Who became famous all over the world after his death?
A．Abraham Lincoln. B．Vincent Van Gogh.
C．Albert Einstein. D．Stephen King.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的However, during his lifetime, Van Gogh sold only one painting for a very small amount of money... he could complete his collection of over 800 known works.可推断出梵高是在去世之后，才闻名于全世界的。
3．What was the most likely reason for Albert Einstein's dropping out of school?
A．He was too slow to learn.
B．He couldn't speak or read.
C．His teacher thought he was stupid.
D．He didn't obey the school rules.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的His teachers and parents thought he was slow, so he was expelled from school and couldn't get into the Zurich Polytechnic School.可推断出爱因斯坦被退学，最可能的原因就是老师认为他很笨。
4．What do the people in the passage have in common?
A．They are all Americans.
B．They are known for their writings.
C．They were born in the same century.
D．They all suffered failure before they succeeded.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的Many of the world's most wellknown people were once successful failures. Here are the stories of a few of them.可推断出这些人们的共同之处在于他们在成功之前都遭遇了失败。
B
(2019·福建师大附中模拟考试)
In 2013 alone at least 20,000 African elephants were killed for their teeth. In South Africa over the last two years more than 2,200 rhinos were killed for their horns. These numbers are alarming, because current rates of illegal hunting are faster than birth rates, which could lead to extinction of these ecologically important creatures in the environment. Indeed, some elephant and rhino populations are on track to be locally extinct within the next decade.
If you are reading this, you may already be aware of these facts. But you might not know that wildlife trafficking (非法交易) not only threatens the existence of elephants and rhinos but is also leading to extinction of other species, such as tigers, tortoises, sea turtles, and the world's most trafficked mammal (哺乳动物) — pangolins.
Pangolins are the only mammals that are entirely covered in tough scales (鳞), which makes them look very strong. But actually they are endangered mammals. There are eight different species of pangolins, four in Asia and four in Africa, and all are threatened with extinction. Although pangolins are protected throughout most of the countries where they live, high demand in East Asia, where the delicious pangolin meat is considered a delicacy and where their scales are used in traditional medicines, is driving an illegal trade in both live animals and pangolin parts. The number of pangolin trafficking is shocking. Experts believe that over the last 10 years more than 1 million pangolins were taken from the wild. It is estimated that between 40,000 and 81,250 pangolins were killed for the illegal trade in 2013 alone.
In February, the United States released a plan to deal with wildlife trafficking, which lays out the steps we will take to fight the illegal trade in wildlife, including pangolins. We are strengthening the carrying out of the plan: building international cooperation and making contributions to protecting wildlife and raising awareness to drive down the demand that is fuelling the illegal trade.
Get involved and remember World Wildlife Day (March 3) by spreading the plan. Use social media and tell everyone that now it is time to get serious about wildlife crime and end the demand that threatens species, big and small, from the huge elephant to the shy pangolin.
由于人们的猎杀，一些物种濒临灭绝。本文号召人们行动起来，保护濒危物种。
5．How many endangered creatures are mentioned in the passage?
A．4. B．5. C．6. D．7.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，文章提到了大象、犀牛、老虎、陆龟、海龟、穿山甲六种濒临灭绝的动物，即C项正确。
6．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?
A．Eight species of pangolins live on the same continent.
B．Pangolins are not protected in most of their natural habitats.
C．The scales of pangolins can be used as an ingredient for cooking.
D．High demand contributes to the illegal trade of pangolins in East Asia.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...high demand in East Asia...is driving an illegal trade in both live animals and pangolin parts.”可知，高需求导致了东亚穿山甲非法交易的发生，即D项正确。
7．What can we know about the plan released by the US?
A．Social media will be used to spread World Wildlife Day.
B．Whether the plan will be worked out remains to be seen.
C．The US will work together with other countries to protect wildlife.
D．More and more people are advised to increase their needs of pangolins.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句可知，美国将联合其他国家保护野生动物，即C项正确。
8．What is the author's intention of writing the passage?
A．To inform us something about World Wildlife Day.
B．To raise awareness of protecting endangered wildlife.
C．To explain why pangolins are illegally traded in East Asia.
D．To show how the United States is to fight the illegal trade in wildlife.
答案：B
解析：写作意图题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是增强人们保护濒危物种的意识，即B项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2018·吉林榆树第一高级中学检测)
While I was watching TV the other night with my wife, a commercial for a new fabric softener (织物柔顺剂) came on. You know the one I'm __1__， the thing you put in your dryer instead of adding a dryer sheet (除静电布)．
__2__ speaking, I have little __3__ in such a product, but it is being __4__ as a big time saver that will __5__ people to do the important things in life. However, is that __6__？ How long does it take to add a dryer sheet? Two seconds. And what is the worst possible __7__ of forgetting it? Only a little static (静电) on your __8__.
The commercial made me think of all the __9__ and services in our lives that are considered as “time savers”. As the years go by, we __10__ more and more of these. However, I still hear an increasing number of people complaining that they don't have any time.
How is this possible? We have __11__ to wash and dry our clothes, cook our meals and do a hundred other __12__. But we still complain about being too __13__.
Is it because we've come to take these things for granted or because we've managed to __14__ that saved time with other tasks? I think we should take some of these tasks back. Instead of driving your car down the street to the store, __15__ with the kids. Thus instead of a __16__ trip, you can enjoy 30 minutes of family time. How about __17__ the clothes on the line instead of putting them in the dryer? Then you will give yourself 15 minutes in the __18__. By doing those tasks in this way, we end up __19__ ourselves down and taking back __20__.
本文是一篇议论文。许多能够帮助我们节省时间的新产品出现了，可是我们仍然很忙碌。那么究竟怎样才能让我们放慢脚步呢？
1．A.thinking about B．talking about
C．dealing with D．looking for
答案：B
解析：本空后是对“我”在上一句中谈到的一种新型织物柔顺剂的进一步说明。
2．A.Madly B．Exactly
C．Honestly D．Specifically
答案：C
解析：根据3空后的but可知，前后两句构成转折关系。说实话，“我”对这样的产品并不感兴趣。但是，它却被认为是一种能够帮助高效节约时间的产品。
3．A.interest B．patience
C．fun D．delight
答案：A
解析：联系全句可知，“我”对这类商品不感兴趣。
4．A.admired B．remembered
C．respected D．regarded
答案：D
解析：联系空后的a big time saver可知，这件商品被人们认为可以有效节约时间。
5．A.request B．rush
C．free D．call
答案：C
解析：它能让人们有时间去做更重要的事。free sb. to do sth.“使某人有时间做某事”。
6．A.interesting B．possible
C．important D．true
答案：D
解析：根据本空后可知，“我”认为不用这种织物柔顺剂，而只用防静电布的话，也只需要两秒钟。所以，这种产品并不能帮助我们节约多少时间。人们的观点似乎是不正确的。
7．A.goal B．reason
C．outcome D．cause
答案：C
解析：如果用防静电布的话，只需要两秒钟的时间。如果不用，最坏的结果可能是什么呢？只不过是衬衫上带点静电罢了。
8．A.hands B．shirts
C．shoulders D．hair
答案：B
解析：联系前文我们知道，作者在这里讲能带静电的东西，因此B项最合适。
9．A.experiences B．advantages
C．tools D．products
答案：D
解析：这个广告让“我”想起了所有被认为能够帮助我们节约时间的服务和产品。
10．A.develop B．prove
C．introduce D．command
答案：A
解析：几年来，我们研制了越来越多这样的产品。但“我”还是听到越来越多的人在抱怨没有时间。
11．A.machines B．servants
C．friends D．parents
答案：A
解析：我们有各种机器帮助我们洗衣做饭，并承担许许多多的其他的工作。
12．A.ways B．tasks
C．lessons D．problems
答案：B
解析：从后文．..that saved time with other tasks可以得到提示。
13．A.lazy B．free
C．nervous D．busy
答案：D
解析：但是，我们仍然抱怨自己太忙了。
14．A.change B．spend
C．fill D．take
答案：C
解析：还是因为我们用别的事情占用了节省出来的时间？
15．A.walk B．talk
C．live D．play
答案：A
解析：与本空前driving构成对比：不要开车去商店，而是和孩子们一起走路过去吧。
16．A.lonely B．quick
C．long D．tiring
答案：B
解析：这样，你不是匆匆忙忙地外出，而是享受了30分钟和家人一起的美好时光。
17．A.hanging B．washing
C．listing D．showing
答案：A
解析：根据本空后的内容可判断，作者建议把衣服挂到院子里的晾衣绳上。
18．A.air B．sunshine
C．field D．street
答案：B
解析：那么你就会拥有15分钟的时间来沐浴阳光。
19．A.breaking B．turning
C．settling D．slowing
答案：D
解析：这样，我们就能放慢匆忙的脚步，并找回我们的时间。
20．A.hope B．success
C．time D．courage
答案：C
解析：从前文的as a big time saver我们可以得到提示。
