初中英语鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级上册（2024）Section A第3课时当堂检测题

这是一份初中英语鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级上册（2024）Section A第3课时当堂检测题，文件包含_Unit4单元知识点梳理_Unit4_知识梳理与易错精讲-教师版docx、_Unit4单元知识点梳理_Unit4_知识梳理与易错精讲-学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共37页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、学习目标
1. 掌握 when 和 while 引导时间状语从句的区别与用法
2. 能正确运用过去进行时与 when/while 搭配描述事件
3. 能在语篇中准确使用 was/were/when/while 填空
二、重点
• when + 短暂性动词（一般过去时）
• while + 持续性动词（过去进行时）
• 过去进行时结构：was/were + V-ing
三、难点
• 在复合句中正确选择 when 或 while
• 理解主从句时态的呼应关系
学习支架
when vs while 用法对比
过去进行时句型转换
四、知识要点
1. when 的用法
when 意为"当……的时候"，后面通常接短暂性动词的一般过去时，表示在某个时间点发生了某事。教材例句：• We were driving hme when the strng winds started.
（我们正在开车回家，这时强风刮了起来。）
• It was raining hard while we were driving back.
对比：when the strng winds started（start 是短暂动作）
结构公式：过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时
（正在做……，这时（突然）……发生了）
注意：when 后面也可以接一般过去时的持续动词，但较少见，重点是 when 引出的往往是一个时间参考点。
2. while 的用法
while 意为"在……期间"，后面通常接持续性动词的过去进行时，表示在一段时间内持续进行的动作。教材例句：• While we were driving hme, the strng winds started.
（在我们开车回家的过程中，强风刮了起来。）
• It was raining hard while we were driving back.
（在我们开车返回期间，雨下得很大。）
结构公式：while + 过去进行时, 过去进行时/一般过去时
关键区别：• while 强调"在一段时间内"
• 后面通常用 was/were + V-ing
• 两个同时进行的动作可以都用过去进行时
3. when/while 综合运用
在同一个句子中，when 和 while 可以互换位置，但含义不同：教材中的两组对比句：① We were driving hme when the strng winds started.
（强调强风开始的那个时间点）
② While we were driving hme, the strng winds started.
（强调开车回家的整个过程中）
两句话描述的是同一事件，但侧重点不同：• when 版本：突出"就在那时"强风来了
• while 版本：突出"在开车过程中"强风来了
语篇填空技巧：• 先看空格前后的动词是持续性还是短暂性
• 持续性动词 → while
• 短暂性动词 → when
• 根据上下文判断动作是正在进行还是已经完成
五、典型例题
【例1】
用 when 或 while 合并以下句子对：I did my hmewrk. The typhn landed n the cast.
【解答】答案：I was ding my hmewrk when the typhn landed n the cast.
或：While I was ding my hmewrk, the typhn landed n the cast.
解析：- 做作业是持续性动作 → 用过去进行时 was ding
- 台风登陆是短暂动作 → 用一般过去时 landed
- 用 when 连接：过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时
- 用 while 连接：While + 过去进行时, 一般过去时
【点拨】做题步骤：①判断两个动作哪个是持续的、哪个是短暂的；②持续动作用过去进行时；③短暂动作用一般过去时；④根据持续性动词选择 when 或 while。
【例2】
用 was, were, when, while 填空：Jenny's little sister started t cry _____ they were waiting in the safe rm. Dad tld her they _____ hiding frm an angry lin.
【解答】答案：while; were
解析：- 第一空：they were waiting 是持续性动作（过去进行时），用 while 引导
- 第二空：they 是复数主语，后接 were hiding（过去进行时），所以填 were
完整句子：Jenny's little sister started t cry while they were waiting in the safe rm. Dad tld her they were hiding frm an angry lin.
【点拨】语篇填空中，先看空格后面的动词形式判断时态，再看前后文的关系判断用 when 还是 while。
同 步 练 习
用 when 或 while 填空
★ 基础巩固
1. I ______ a bk ______ the earthquake started.
A. was reading; while
B. was reading; when
C. read; when
D. read; while
2. ______ we were playing utside, it began t snw heavily.
A. When B. While
C. Befre D. After
3. She ______ TV when her mther ______ hme.
A. watched; came
B. was watching; was cming
C. was watching; came
D. watched; was cming
4. My parents ______ (pack) the supplies while I ______ (mve) ur things ff the flr.
5. Kate ______ (write) a letter ______ her brther ______ (call) t warn her f the strm.
6. It ______ (rain) cats and dgs while we ______ (drive) back hme.
7. "While I was sleeping, the phne rang." 这句话的语法是正确的。（ ）
8. "When the strm was hitting, we were hiding under the table." 这句话是正确的。（ ）
9. Chse the crrect sentence:
A. When I was cking, the fire alarm went ff.
B. While I cked, the fire alarm went ff.
C. When I cked, the fire alarm was ging ff.
D. While the fire alarm went ff, I was cking.
10. The pwer went ut. My father and I made dinner. (用 when 或 while 合并)
A. When the pwer went ut, my father and I were making dinner.
B. While the pwer went ut, my father and I made dinner.
C. When the pwer was ging ut, my father and I made dinner.
D. While the pwer went ut, my father and I were making dinner.
★★ 能力提升
11. While my family ______ fr the strm, the wind ______ the rf ff the huse.
A. was preparing; was blwing
B. were preparing; blew
C. were preparing; was blwing
D. prepared; blew
12. 用 when 或 while 填空，并用括号中动词的正确形式完成句子：1. ______ the children ______ (sleep) sundly, the fld ______ (cme).
2. The rescue wrkers ______ (arrive) ______ we ______ (wait) fr help.
3. She ______ (ck) dinner ______ the earthquake ______ (happen).
13. 用过去进行时和 when/while 改写以下句子，使其更加生动：1. The snwstrm started. We walked hme.
2. The earthquake happened. They had dinner.
3. The fire brke ut. The students had an exam.
14. 改正下列句子中的语法错误：1. When we were walking hme, it was beginning t rain.
2. While the earthquake happened, I was under the desk.
3. She was sleeping when the alarm clck was ringing.
★★★ 拓展延伸
15. 用 when 和 while 各写一个句子来描述以下场景（每个场景写两个句子）：场景：暴风雨来了，一家人正在吃晚饭。
16. Write a shrt paragraph (60-80 wrds) abut what yu and yur family were ding when a pwer cut happened at yur hme. Use at least 3 sentences with past cntinuus tense and use when/while crrectly.
参 考 答 案
第1题：B
【解析】读书是持续性动作用过去进行时 was reading；地震开始是短暂动作，用 when 引导。
第2题：B
【解析】we were playing 是持续性动作（过去进行时），用 while 引导。
第3题：C
【解析】看电视是持续动作用过去进行时 was watching；妈妈回来是短暂动作用一般过去时 came。when 连接两个动作。
第4题：were packing; was mving
【解析】while 连接两个同时进行的持续动作，都用过去进行时。
第5题：was writing; when; called
【解析】写信是持续动作（was writing），弟弟打电话是短暂动作（called），用 when 连接。
第6题：was raining; were driving
【解析】while 连接两个同时进行的持续动作，都用过去进行时。
第7题：✓
【解析】while + 过去进行时（was sleeping），主句用一般过去时（rang），语法正确。
第8题：×
【解析】when 后面通常接短暂性动词的一般过去时，而 was hitting 是过去进行时。应改为 While the strm was hitting... 或 When the strm hit...
第9题：A
【解析】cking 是持续动作用过去进行时 was cking；fire alarm 响起是短暂动作 went ff。用 when 引导短暂动作最自然。B 中 while 后面应该用进行时。
第10题：A
【解析】the pwer went ut 是短暂动作，用 when 引导；make dinner 是正在进行的背景动作，用过去进行时 were making。
第11题：B
【解析】my family 作为集体名词用复数谓语 were preparing；while 后接持续动作；wind 把屋顶吹走是短暂动作，用一般过去时 blew。
第12题：1. While; were sleeping; came
2. arrived; while; were waiting
3. was cking; when; happened
【解析】1. 孩子们睡觉是持续动作（while + 过去进行时），洪水来是短暂动作。2. 等待是持续动作（while + 过去进行时），救援人员到达是短暂动作。3. 做饭是持续动作（过去进行时），地震发生是短暂动作（when + 一般过去时）。
第13题：1. We were walking hme when the snwstrm started.
或：While we were walking hme, the snwstrm started.
2. They were having dinner when the earthquake happened.
或：While they were having dinner, the earthquake happened.
3. The students were having an exam when the fire brke ut.
或：While the students were having an exam, the fire brke ut.
【解析】改写时注意：持续性动作改为过去进行时（were ding），短暂动作保持一般过去时，用 when/while 连接。
第14题：1. When it began t rain, we were walking hme. 或 While we were walking hme, it began t rain.
错误分析：when 后通常接短暂动作（began），不是持续动作。2. When the earthquake happened, I was under the desk.
错误分析：happened 是短暂动作，应该用 when 而不是 while。3. She was sleeping when the alarm clck rang.
错误分析：闹钟响是短暂动作，用一般过去时 rang，不用 was ringing。
【解析】关键原则：when + 短暂动作（一般过去时），while + 持续动作（过去进行时）。
第15题：用 when: The family was having dinner when the strm came.
用 while: While the family was having dinner, the strm came.
两个句子描述同一事件，但侧重点不同：- when 版本强调暴风雨来的那一刻
- while 版本强调在吃晚饭的过程中暴风雨来了
【解析】同一事件可以用 when 或 while 来表达，关键是持续性动作用过去进行时，短暂性动作用一般过去时。
第16题：Sample answer:
Last night, a pwer cut happened while my family and I were at hme. I was ding my English hmewrk when the lights suddenly went ut. My mther was cking dinner in the kitchen and my father was watching the news n TV. While we were lking fr candles, my little sister started t cry. She was afraid f the dark. We all gathered in the living rm and waited fr the pwer t cme back.
【解析】写作要点：1) 用过去进行时描述每个人正在做的事；2) 用 when/while 连接不同时态的句子；3) 注意 was/were 的正确选择。when
while
含义：当……的时候
后接：短暂性动词（一般过去时）
强调：某一时刻发生的事
例句：I did my hmewrk when the typhn landed n the cast.
（台风登陆是短暂动作）
含义：在……期间
后接：持续性动词（过去进行时）
强调：一段时间内持续的动作
例句：While we were driving hme, the strng winds started.
（开车回家是持续动作）
句型
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + was/were + V-ing
She was reading a bk.
否定句
主语 + was/were + nt + V-ing
She was nt reading a bk.
一般疑问句
Was/Were + 主语 + V-ing?
Was she reading a bk?
特殊疑问句
What + was/were + 主语 + V-ing?
What was she ding?
句子
应填 when/while
原因