备考2027中考英语一轮复习之七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题七 非谓语动词：不定式与动名词

这是一份备考2027中考英语一轮复习之七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题七 非谓语动词：不定式与动名词，共7页。试卷主要包含了非谓语动词，非谓语动词概述，动词不定式的句法功能，动名词的句法功能，同一动词后，区分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【教材出处】
七下 Unit 1 The secrets f happiness：动名词作主语（Reading is fun.）
八上 Mdule 1 “Hw t learn English”：疑问词 + 不定式（hw t imprve English）
八上 Mdule 2 “My hme twn and my cuntry”：It takes sb + 时间 + t d
八上 Mdule 5 Unit 1 “I wanted t see the Beijing Opera”：不定式作宾语（want/decide/hpe）
八上 Mdule 6 Unit 1 “It allws peple t get clser t them”：不定式作宾语补足语（allw/ask/tell/want sb t d）
八上 Mdule 7 “A famus stry”：see sb d /see sb ding
八下 Unit 1 Career talks：不定式作目的状语、It’s + adj. + (fr/f sb) + t d
八下 Unit 3 What makes a great team?：t…t /enugh t
八下 Unit 4 Helping ut：动词 + ding（enjy/finish/mind/practice/keep/avid）
八下 Unit 6 Living with nature：be used t ding
【考点精讲】
考点一 非谓语动词概述
一个简单句中只能有一套谓语动词，其余动词必须使用非谓语形式。非谓语分三类：不定式 (t d)、动名词 (ding)、分词 (现在分词 ding / 过去分词 dne)。本专题仅讲解不定式与动名词。
补充区分：动名词 ding 本质相当于名词；现在分词 ding 相当于形容词 / 副词，二者书写形式一致、句法功能完全不同。
考点二 动词不定式（t d）的句法功能
一、作宾语
1. 动词 + t d（固定搭配）
特殊结构：不定式作宾语且后带宾补时，用 it 作形式宾语，不定式后置。
例：I find it interesting t learn English.（it 形式宾语，t learn English 真正宾语）
2. 疑问词 + t d
结构：疑问词 (what/which/when/where/hw/whether)+ 不定式，等同于宾语从句简化，可作动词 / 介词宾语。
作动词宾语
I dn’t knw what t d. = I dn’t knw what I shuld d.
She is learning hw t ck. = She is learning hw she can ck.
作介词宾语
He asked me abut where t g. = He asked me abut where he shuld g.
使用要点：what/which 在不定式内部充当主语或宾语；where/when/hw 仅作状语。
例：I dn’t knw what t buy.（what 作 buy 宾语）；I dn’t knw where t g.（where 作地点状语）
二、作宾语补足语
结构：动词 + sb + t d，否定式统一为 sb nt t d
否定示例：He tld me nt t be late.
三、作目的状语
表 “为了……”，可放句末（常规）或句首（强调目的）；可用 in rder t 替换加强语气，s as t 不能置于句首。
句末：She went t Beijing t study Chinese.
句首：T get gd grades, we must study hard.
四、作后置定语
放在名词 / 不定代词后，表 “将要去做的……”；若修饰不及物动词，末尾必须补充对应介词。
I have a lt f hmewrk t d.
She needs a rm t live in.（live 不及物，必须加 in）
He is lking fr smething t eat.
拓展搭配：a pen t write with、a chair t sit n
五、作主语
常用 it 作形式主语，不定式后置，避免句子头重脚轻。
句型 1：It + be + adj. + (fr/f sb) + t d sth
fr sb：形容词描述事物本身属性（easy/difficult/imprtant/necessary）
It’s imprtant fr us t prtect the envirnment.
f sb：形容词描述人的性格品质（kind/nice/clever/flish/plite）
It’s kind f yu t help me.
句型 2：It takes/tk sb + 时间段 + t d sth 做某事花费某人多久
It takes me half an hur t get t schl.
It tk her tw hurs t finish the wrk.
六、省略 t 的不定式（感官 / 使役动词）
主动语态中，see/watch/hear/ntice/feel/make/let/have 后接宾语 + 动词原形（省 t）；被动语态必须还原 t。
关键区分：see sb d vs see sb ding
see sb d：看见动作完整全过程
I saw him crss the street.（我看见他过完了马路）
see sb ding：看见动作正在发生
I saw him crssing the street.（我看见他当时正在过马路）
被动还原 t 示例
主动：I saw him enter the rm.
被动：He was seen t enter the rm.
主动：She made me wait.
被动：I was made t wait fr an hur.
七、不定式核心句型汇总
t + 形 / 副 + t d 太…… 而不能……
She is t yung t g t schl.
形 / 副 + enugh + t d 足够…… 可以做……
He is ld enugh t drive a car.
疑问词 + t d 该如何 / 何时 / 何地做……
I dn’t knw what t say.
注意：t…t 本身自带否定含义，无需额外加 nt；enugh 修饰形容词 / 副词时后置。
考点三 动名词（ding）的句法功能
一、作宾语（固定搭配）
动词、介词短语后接 ding 作宾语
判断 t 的属性：t 后接动词原形 = 不定式符号；t 后接名词 /ding = 介词。
二、作主语
动名词表泛指习惯性动作，谓语动词用单数。
Reading is fun.
Swimming is gd fr health.
Watching TV t much is bad fr yur eyes.
对比不定式作主语：
Reading makes me happy.（泛指阅读这件事）
T read this bk is my plan fr tday.（特指今天要读书这个具体计划）
三、作介词宾语
介词后只能用 ding，不能用 t d
She is interested in dancing.
He left withut saying gdbye.
Thank yu fr helping me.
考点四 同一动词后 t d/ding 含义不同
例句对比
Remember t clse the windw.（记得待会关窗，还没关）
I remember clsing the windw.（我记得之前关过窗）
He frgt t turn ff the light.（忘了关灯，灯现在亮着）
He frgt turning ff the light.（不记得自己曾经关过灯）
Stp t have a rest.（停下手里的活，去休息）
Stp having a rest.（别再休息了，继续干活）
I try t learn English well.（我尽全力学好英语）
I try learning English by listening t music.（我试着用听歌的方法学英语）
【高频失分点】
失分点一 不定式漏写 t
want/decide/hpe/agree/plan/learn/wish/chse/affrd/refuse/prmise/pretend 后必须加 t d，不可直接加动词原形。
误：I want g shpping.
正：I want t g shpping.
失分点二 被动语态省略 t 的不定式忘记还原 t
主动：I saw him enter the rm.
被动：He was seen t enter the rm.
误：He was seen enter the rm.
失分点三 see sb d /see sb ding 语境混淆
全过程、动作结束用 d；
某一时刻动作正在发生用 ding。
I saw him crss the street and then he disappeared.（完整过程，crss）
I saw him crssing the street when I was waiting fr the bus.（当时正在过马路，crssing）
失分点四 介词后误用 t d
lk frward t /be gd at /be afraid f /be used t /pay attentin t /give up /feel like /can’t help，短语中 t 为介词，后接 ding。
误：I lk frward t see yu.
正：I lk frward t seeing yu.
失分点五 remember/frget/stp/try 两类搭配语义混淆
解题判断逻辑：动作是否已经完成。
误：I remember t lck the dr, but I can’t find the key.（逻辑矛盾，门已经锁了，用 ding）
正：I remember lcking the dr, but I can’t find the key.
失分点六 区分 used t d /be used t ding
误：I used t getting up late.
正：I used t get up late.
【九年级衔接预览】
九年级 Mdule 7 Great bks：不定式作结果状语、动名词复合结构 ne’s ding；
九年级 Mdule 8 My future life：不定式定语、目的状语拓展。
九年级阅读与写作中非谓语动词出现频率大幅提升，复习重点：动词搭配、被动还原 t、区分介词 t 与不定式 t、疑问词 + 不定式。
三级过关精练
过关一・基础达标
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
She wants ________ (visit) the Great Wall.
I enjy ________ (read) bks in my free time.
He decided ________ (study) abrad after graduatin.
Wuld yu mind ________ (clse) the windw?
She is gd at ________ (dance).
I saw him ________ (crss) the street when I was waiting fr the bus.
It’s imprtant ________ (learn) English well.
He finished ________ (write) the reprt yesterday.
She practices ________ (play) the pian every day.
We plan ________ (travel) t Shanghai next week.
二、单项选择
She hpes ________ t the party.
A. cme B. t cme C. cming D. came
I enjy ________ in the river in summer.
A. swim B. t swim C. swimming D. swam
The teacher tld us ________ late fr schl.
A. nt t be B. nt be C. t nt be D. dn’t be
She went t the library ________ sme bks.
A. brrw B. t brrw C. brrwing D. brrwed
I remember ________ the dr, but I’m nt sure.
A. lck B. t lck C. lcking D. lcked
He is used t ________ up early.
A. get B. getting C. gets D. gt
I saw him ________ the street when I was waiting fr the bus.
A. crss B. t crss C. crssed D. crssing
She is lking frward t ________ yu.
A. see B. t see C. seeing D. saw
It’s kind ________ yu t help me.
A. fr B. with C. t D. f
He stpped ________ a rest because he was tired.
A. t have B. have C. having D. had
过关二・能力提升
三、用所给动词的适当形式填空
Please remember ________ (turn) ff the light when yu leave.
I can’t help ________ (laugh) when I see the funny picture.
She pretended ________ (be) asleep when her mther came in.
We shuld avid ________ (make) the same mistake.
He was made ________ (wrk) 12 hurs a day.
四、单项选择
She decided ________ a new jb.
A. find B. t find C. finding D. fund
I enjy ________ with my friends n weekends.
A. chat B. t chat C. chatting D. chatted
The teacher encuraged us ________ hard.
A. study B. studied C. studying D. t study
He went t the statin ________ his friend.
A. meet B. t meet C. meeting D. met
I frgt ________ the windw. It’s still pen.
A. clse B. clsed C. clsing D. t clse
She is afraid f ________ in public.
A. speak B. t speak C. speaking D. spke
I saw the by ________ the classrm quietly when the teacher was writing n the blackbard.
A. enter B. t enter C. entering D. entered
It’s difficult ________ the prblem in 5 minutes.
A. slve B. t slve C. slving D. slved
He tried ________ the dr, but it was lcked.
A. t pen B.pen C. pening D. pened
She lks frward t ________ yu again.
A. see B. seeing C. t see D. saw
过关三・综合突破
五、短文填空：用括号内动词的不定式 / 动名词形式填空
Last summer, I decided ________ 36 (learn) hw t swim. My father encuraged me ________37 (take) swimming lessns. I was afraid f ________ 38 (dive) int the water at first, but my teacher taught me ________39(relax) in the water.
I practiced ________ 40 (swim) every day. After tw weeks, I culd swim 50 metres withut ________ 41 (stp). I remember ________42 (feel) very prud when I swam acrss the pl fr the first time. My father prmised ________ 43(take) me t the beach next summer. I can’t wait ________44 (g) there. I am lking frward t ________ 45 (swim) in the sea.形式
核心含义
可充当句子成分
t d（不定式）
表目的、将来、单次具体动作
宾语、宾补、状语、定语、主语
ding（动名词）
表泛指、习惯性、经常性动作
主语、宾语、介词宾语
动词
释义
例句
want
想要
I want t buy a new bike.
decide
决定
He decided t study abrad.
hpe
希望
She hpes t visit Beijing.
agree
同意
They agreed t help us.
plan
计划
We plan t travel t Shanghai.
learn
学习
He learned t swim by himself.
wish
盼望
I wish t becme a dctr.
chse
选择
She chse t stay at hme.
affrd
负担得起
We can’t affrd t buy a car.
refuse
拒绝
He refused t answer the questin.
prmise
承诺
She prmised t cme n time.
pretend
假装
He pretended t be asleep.
动词
释义
例句
tell
告诉
She tld me t wait here.
ask
请求
He asked me t help him.
want
想要
I want yu t g with me.
allw
允许
They dn’t allw us t smke here.
encurage
鼓励
The teacher encuraged us t try again.
advise
建议
The dctr advised me t rest.
expect
期待
We expect yu t succeed.
warn
警告
He warned me nt t g there.
分类
动词
基础结构
例句
感官动词
see/watch/hear/ntice/feel
see sb d sth
I saw him enter the rm.
使役动词
make/let/have
make sb d sth
She made me wait fr an hur.
动词/短语
释义
例句
enjy
喜爱
She enjys reading nvels.
finish
完成
He finished writing the reprt.
mind
介意
Wuld yu mind pening the windw?
practice
练习
I practice playing the pian every day.
keep
持续、保持
Keep wrking hard.
avid
避免
We shuld avid making mistakes.
cnsider
考虑
She cnsidered mving t a new city.
suggest
建议
He suggested ging t the park.
imagine
想象
I can’t imagine living withut water.
miss
错过
She missed catching the train.
give up
放弃
He gave up smking.
lk frward t
期待
We lk frward t meeting yu.
be gd at
擅长
She is gd at swimming.
be afraid f
害怕
He is afraid f speaking in public.
be used t
习惯于
She is used t getting up early.
pay attentin t
注意
Yu shuld pay attentin t listening in class.
feel like
想要
I feel like eating smething.
can’t help
忍不住
I can’t help laughing.
动词
+t d（未发生/将来）
+ding（已发生/正在做）
remember
记得要去做某事
记得做过某事
frget
忘记要去做某事
忘记曾经做过某事
regret
将要做，感到遗憾
做过某事，感到后悔
stp
停下当前事，去做另一件
停止正在做的事
try
努力、尽力去做
尝试某种方法做
g n
做完一件，继续做另一件
不间断继续做同一件事
mean
打算、计划做
意味着
短语
t属性
含义
例句
used t d
不定式符号
过去常常（现在不）
I used t get up late.
be used t ding
介词
习惯于
I am used t getting up late.
参考答案与解析
过关一・基础达标
一、动词适当形式填空
t visit （want t d 固定搭配）
reading （enjy ding 固定搭配）
t study （decide t d）
clsing （mind ding）
dancing （at 是介词，介词后 ding）
crssing （when 引导过去进行时，强调当时动作正在发生，see sb ding）
t learn （It’s + adj. + t d 形式主语句型）
writing （finish ding）
playing （practice ding）
t travel （plan t d）
二、单项选择
B hpe 后只能接 t d，无 hpe ding 结构
C enjy 固定搭配 ding
A tell sb nt t d 不定式否定式 nt t d
B t brrw 作目的状语，表 “去图书馆借书”
C remember ding 记得做过；后文 but I’m nt sure 说明已经锁过门
B be used t ding 习惯于，t 是介词
D 等车时看见过马路，动作正在进行，see sb ding
C lk frward t 中 t 为介词，后接 ding
D kind 形容人的品格，用 f；形容事物难度重要性用 fr
A stp t d 停下手中事去休息；stp ding 停止休息，与句意矛盾
过关二・能力提升
三、动词填空
t turn remember t d 记得将要关灯（出门前提醒，未发生）
laughing can’t help ding 忍不住做某事
t be pretend t d 假装……
making avid ding 避免做某事
t wrk make sb d 主动省 t；被动 sb be made t d，必须还原 t
四、单项选择
B decide t d
C enjy chatting
D encurage sb t d 鼓励某人做某事
B t meet 作目的状语，去车站接朋友
D frget t d 忘记要关，窗户还开着，动作未完成
C f 是介词，be afraid f ding 害怕当众说话
C 老师板书时男孩正走进教室，动作进行中 see sb entering
B It’s difficult t d 固定句型
A try t d 努力尝试开门；门是锁着的，侧重付出努力
B lk frward t seeing，t 为介词
过关三・综合突破（短文填空）
t learn decide t d
t take encurage sb t d
diving f 是介词，be afraid f ding
t relax teach sb t d
swimming practice ding
stpping withut 介词，后接 ding
feeling remember ding，游泳完感到自豪，动作已发生
t take prmise t d
t g can’t wait t d 迫不及待做某事
swimming lk frward t ding