小升初英语专题讲解六 名词知识点

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mang芒果
tmat西红柿
ptat土豆
knife小刀
thief小偷
leaf树叶
wife妻子
shelf架子
life生活；生命
wlf狼
half一半
strawberry /'strɔ:bəri/ n.草莓
milk /milk/ n.牛奶
bread /bred/ n.面包
fd /fu:d/ n.食物
vegetable /'vedʒitəbl/ n.蔬菜
fruit /fru:t/ n.水果
carrt /'kærət/ n.胡萝卜
rice /rais/ n.大米；米饭
chicken /'tʃikin/ n.鸡肉
sck /sɔk/ n.短袜
shrts n.(pl.)短裤
sweater /'swetə/ n.毛衣
trusers n.(pl.)裤子
she /ʃu:/ n.鞋
skirt /skə:t/ n.裙子
clthes /kləuðz/ n.(pl.)衣服；服装
wman /'wumən/ n.女子
man /mæn/ 男子
muse[maʊs] 老鼠
child[tʃaɪld]
ft[fʊt]
gse[gu:s]
fish[fɪʃ]n.鱼，鱼肉，鱼类;
Chinese[tʃaɪˈni:z] n.中文;汉语;华人;中国人
Japanese [ˌdʒæpə'ni:z] n.日语;日本
sheep[ʃi:p] n.羊，绵羊
deer [dɪə(r)] n.鹿
tth[tu:θ] n.齿;牙
sup[su:p] n.汤，羹;
husewrk 家务
hmewrk 作业
news 新闻
meat 肉类
beef 牛肉
muttn 羊肉
prk 猪肉
paper 纸张
advice 建议
wrk 工作
重点短语集锦
eating habit饮食习惯
tape player 录音机
mdel plane 飞机模型
half an hur 半个小时
my family pht=a pht f my family
我的家庭照片
what kind f 什么类型
different kinds f 不同种类的
be friendly t sb 对……友好
知识讲解
名词的定义
表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词与不可数名词
可数名词--单数--复数
a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：bk-bks, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds；读音：清辅音后读，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。
b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, bx-bxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches；读音：[iz]。
c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries；读音：[z]。
d．以“”结尾的词，分两种情况
有生命的+es, 读音：[z] mang-manges tmat-tmates ptat-ptates
无生命的+s, 读音：[z] pht-phts
e．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，读音：[z]， knife-knives, thief-thieves；
半片树叶半片黄，妻子拿刀去砍狼，架下小偷逃命忙。
half, leaf, wife, knife, wlf, shelf, thief, life
halves, leaves, wives, knives, wlves, shelves, thieves, lives
练习--写出下列单词的复数形式
peach--____________, dress--____________mnkey--____________by--____________
bdy--____________, baby--____________,library--____________, leaf--____________
wife--____________ knife --____________ thief--____________ shelf--____________
life--____________ radi--____________ z____________family--____________
schl--____________pht--____________picture--____________eraser--____________
bx--____________dictinary--____________watch--____________cmputer--____________
ntebk--____________bag--____________classrm--____________basketball--____________
hamburger--____________tmat--____________birthday--____________subject--____________
lessn--____________ hur--____________ptat--____________ z--____________
life--____________student--____________gegraphy--____________histry--____________
sister __________ parent__________ girl__________ dg__________ telephne __________
number __________friend __________ map __________ cup __________ruler __________
range __________jacket __________key __________ quilt __________
f. 不规则名词复数：
man--men, wman--wmen, muse--mice, child--children, ft--feet, tth-teeth, gse—geese
g. 单复同形:
fish-fish, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, sheep--sheep, deer--deer
h.常用作复数形式：vegetables, clthes, sprts, shrts, pants, trusers, jeans.
i.集合名词class, peple,
2) 不可数名词
液体类：water, tea, cffee, milk, ygurt, cla, juice, sup
食物：fd, bread, rice,
肉类：meat, beef, muttn, prk,
其他：paper, news, advice, fruit, hmewrk, husewrk, wrk, fd
3) 既可数又不可数的名词
chicken,
duck,
fish，
range,
复合名词的单复数
复合词通常由两个或者两个以上自由词组成.
1) 以两个名词构成的复合名词（不包括前面的名词为man和wman的），一般把后面的名词变为复数。
paper bag→paper bags...
以man或者wman为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数。
wman teacher:女教师→wmen teachers女教师们；
man dctr：男医生→men dctrs男医生们...
练习--写出下列复合名词的复数形式
by student girl nurse man nurse apple tree
mdel plane tape player family member cuntry rad
wman driver
名词所有格
在英语中，要表示“某个（些）人的”时，可以在某个（些）人后加’s来表示所有关系，这种形式我们称为所有格。
Mike的父亲：Mike’s father, 我妈妈的名字：my mther’s name
构成1)单数名词加’s.
2) 以s结尾的复数名词加’读音不变。如the teachers’ rm(老师们的房间)
表共同所有，在最后一个名词后加“’s”。
Jim and Tm’s mther 吉姆和汤姆的母亲（共同所有）
表各自所有，在每个名词后加“’s”
Jim’s rm and Tm’s rm are big. 吉姆的房间和汤姆的房间都很大。（各自所有）
Jim and Tm’s rm is big.
f表示所属关系
my family pht =a pht f my family a map f China
翻译小练
Le的字典。
老师们的办公室。
我祖父母的房间。
我爸妈的照片。
李磊的房子。
奥巴马的朋友。
习近平的妻子。
Susan和Lily共同的爱好。
Susan和Lily各自的钥匙。
中国的历史。
学生们的教室。
儿童节。
人民医院。
Lucy的生日。
玛丽和苏珊的英语老师。
汤姆的父亲和彼得的父亲。
今天的报纸。
Tny的尺子。
五个小时的步行路程。
三小时的车程。
不可数名词
1) 不可数名词没有复数形式。 2) 不可数名词的数量表示
练习
一瓶水
一杯酒
一壶茶
一张纸
一杯咖啡
两杯咖啡
三箱饮料
一片面包
三片面包
一斤水果
一瓶可乐
一碗汤
小升初真题分类演练--名词
I.单项选择
( ) Is Lucy frm____? She knws a lt abut English peple. A. England B.English C.China
( ) I want t find a gd bk. I'm ging t the____.
A. cinema B.library C.museum D.supermarket
( ) Where are yur____? A. teacher B.friend C.sheep
( ) --What can I d fr yu, madam?--I'd like tw____．
A. bttle f milk B bttles f milks C. bttles f milk D. bttle f milks
( ) I've gt a tthache. I'm ging t the____. A. park B.dentist C.teacher
( ) Americans speak____, yu knw. A. Chinese B.Japanese C.English D.American
( ) The red T-shirt is five_______. A.yuan B.pund C.dllar
( ) --Wuld yu like sme_______?--N, thank yu. I'm nt hungry at all.
A. tea B.water C.bread D.cffee
( ) --What kind f vegetables d yu ften eat fr dinner?-- B.Milk C.Tmates
( ) --I'd like smething t read.--OK. Here're sme_______．
A. CDs B.pencils C.phts D.bks
( ) The restaurant is s ppular. Lk, there are s many______here.
A. fd B.dish C.peple D.waiter
( ) This is____rm.
A. Jack and Linda B.Jack and Linda's C. Jack's and Linda's D.Jack's and Linda
( ) The present is____；it's frm _______．
A. Tm's; Grandpa's B.Tm's; Grandpa C. Tm; Grandpa's D.Tm; Grandpa
( ) Mrs. Sun is a friend f ______. A. Mary's mther B.mther f Mary C.Mary's mther's
( ) The dresses are____. A twins B.the twins's C.the twins D.the twins'
( ) It's a _______.
A. my family's picture B my family pht C pht f my family D.phts f my family
( ) G t the____ffice and hand in yur hmewrk, please. A. teacher's B.teacher C.teachers
( ) --Whse bk is it? --Maybe it's____． A. Mary B.Marys C.Mary's
( ) The____cats are ver there. A. twins B.twin's C.twins'
( ) ______sister is an English teacher.
A. Jim and Kate B.Jim's and Kate's C. Jim's and Kate D.Jim and Kate's
( ) It's a picture f_______family. A. Bb B.Bb's C.Bbs' D. Bbs
( ) My_______favrite clr is red. A. sister B.sisters C.sister's
( ) My schl isn't far frm here. It's nly_______ walk.
A. fifteen minutes B.fifteen minutes' C.fifteen minute's D. fifteen minute
( ) There are three____in that ______shp.
A. wmen; she B.wman, she C. wman, shes D.wmen; shes
( ) Mrs Green is____mther. They are _______.
A. Lucy and Lily's; twin B.Lucy's and Lily's; twins' C. Lucy and Lily's; twins D.Lucy's and Lily's; twins
( ) I want t find a gd bk. I’m ging t the______.A. cinema B.library C.museum
( ) --What wuld yu like fr dinner? --I'd like sme____．A. wds B.sprts C.fish
( ) I have sme prblems with my English writing. Can yu give me sme____?
A. advice B.decisins C.infrmatin D.message
( ) There are 23____in ur class.A. bys students B.by student C. by students D.bys student
( ) This is ______rm.
A. Jack and Linda B.Jack and Linda's C. Jack's and Linda's D.Jack's and Linda
( ) Hw many______ d yu have? A. ft B.children C.tth D.feet
( ) --Wuld yu like sme______？--N,thank yu. I'm nt thirsty at all.
A. bread B.water C.apple D.fish
( ) Is Ann frm______？She knws a lt abut English peple. A.England B.English C.China
( ) I can buy stamps in the______． A. bank B.library C.pst ffice
( ) These bks are my______． A. students B.students's C.students' D. students f
( ) We are in the same class. We are____. A. classmates B.friends C.students
( ) Thse are______. A. apple tree B.apple trees C.apples trees
( ) It's the third day f the week. It's______. A. Mnday B.Sunday C.Tuesday
( ) --Mum, I want t eat sme ______. --Sure,it is gd t eat fruit ften.
A. juice B.cakes C.bananas
( ) I wuld like sme ______fr breakfast tmrrw.
A. egg and fruit B.bread and milk C.cake and apple
( ) I'm hungry. Please bring me sme____.
A. kites B.desks C.bxes D.cakes
( ) --What d yu want t be, Elena? --I want t be a(n)____. I like singing a lt.
A. writer B.singer C.dctr D.actr
( ) This ______ is Jim's mther.
A. wman teachers B.wmen teachers C. wman teacher D.wmen teacher
( ) The present is____; it's frm ______.
A. Tm's; Grandpa's B.Tm's; Grandpa C.Tm; Grandpa's D.Tm; Grandpa
( ) In summer, it's very ht. I usually wear my____. A. skirt B.bts C.sweater
( ) There are three ______ my family. A. peples B.peple C.persn D.／
( ) --Is Sally frm America? --N, Sally is an____girl, but she's in____nw.
A. America; England B.English; America
C. American; English D.England; America
( ) --Wh's Mr Brwn? --He's____father.
A. Tny and Sally B.Tny's and Sally's C. Tny and Sally's D.Tny,Sally's
( ) There are____ n the table.
A. tw bttles f milk B.tw bttles milk
C.tw bttles f milks D.tw bttle f milk
( ) Please give me tw bttles f______.
A. milk B.waters C.milks D.ranges
( ) Amy likes t eat______. A. ptat B.rice C.ht dg
( ) I have sme apples, Apples are my favrite（最喜欢的）______．
A. fruit B.fruits C.vegetable D.vegetables
( ) Hw many____are there in the picture? A. animal B.animals C.the animal
( ) I want sme____． A. meats B.waters C.cakes D.breads
( ) Let's draw a ______face. A．cat's B．cats C．cat
II.用所给词的适当形式填空。
There are many__________(sheep) n the farm.
Hw many____________(seasn) are there ina year?
It is Sprts Day. All the____________(student) are very excited.
Hw many__________ (knife) did yu buy yesterday?
We shuld brush ur__________ (tth) twice a day.
I have many beautiful ____________(pht)．
Jim's parents are dctrs, and my parents are____________(farm）
Hw many______(ft) des a mnkey have?
This is__________________(Lily and Lucy) mther.
June lst is __________________ (child) Day. My daughter likes that day best.
Excuse me,is the cat ____________(Tm)?
--____________( Lily) father is at hme.
Is this_ ____________(he) pencil?
--Wh is the man in the blue car? --He is _______________________(Kate and Mary) father.
III.根据短文内容，用所给单词的适当形式填空。（10分）
I have a gd __________ (friend) in my class. His name is Jim. He is frm England. He is in China with his parents. He likes China. He likes Chinese 2__________(fd), t. He has an 3________ (egg), sme 4__________ (bread) and 5__________ (milk) fr breakfast. He desn't like 6__________ (fish).
He desn't have lunch at hme. The lunch in ur schl is delicius. We can have different kinds f 7__________ (fd) fr lunch. Jim ften eats8__________(rice), 9__________(meat) and 10__________.
( vegetable).
IV.选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式完成短文，有两项多余。（20分）
game day China thing child March January peple
Every year there is a Spring Festival in l____________. Usually it is in 2____________ r February.
In 2009, it was n January 26th. It is the mst imprtant festival China. S befre it cmes, everyne has
t d many things. They buy prk, beef, chicken, fruit and many ther 3____________, and they ften make
a special kinds f 4____________ called "dumplings". On the 5__________ befre the festival, parents buy new clthes fr their 6____________. On the Festival Eve, all the family members cme back t their 7____________. This is a happy mment. They sing, dance and play kinds f 8__________. Others get the dinner ready. When they enjy the 9____________, they give each ther the best wishes fr the cming year.
Children usually get sme lucky mney（压岁钱）. At 12:00, peple light ff firewrks（燃放烟花）t welcme the cming f the Spring Festival. All the 10__________, rich and pr, ld and yung, are very happy at this time.