河南省多校2025-2026学年高二下学期3月月考英语试卷（Word版附答案）

这是一份河南省多校2025-2026学年高二下学期3月月考英语试卷（Word版附答案），共5页。试卷主要包含了英式、美式拼写均可给分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如
需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂
到答题卡上。
第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳
选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读
两遍。
例: Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是 C。
1. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. A classmate. B. A wrkmate. C. A neighbr.
2. Why des the man prefer t take the train?
A. It is cheap. B. It is cnvenient. C. It is fast.
3. Hw des the wman prbably feel this week?
A. Excited. B. Stressed. C. Surprised.
4. Hw will the wman prbably buy the tickets?
A. Frm a website. B. Frm a ticket ffice. C. Frm a ticket machine.
5. What des the wman mean?
A. She didn’t care abut her term paper.
B. She will finish her term paper sn.
C. She has truble finishing her term paper.
第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选
项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完
后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. Why is the wman’s rm nisy?
A. It faces the street. B. It faces a market. C. It faces a bus statin.
7. What is the wman’s final decisin?
A. Checking in at anther htel.
B. Mving int anther rm.
C. Waiting fr a nn-smking rm.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。
8. What d we knw abut the handbag?
A. It’s black and red. B. It’s made f leather. C. It’s a little expensive.
9. When did the wman leave the cafe?
A. At 1:00 pm. B. At 1:30 pm. C. At 2:30 pm.
10. What did the wman want t buy after she left the cafe?
A. Smething t read. B. Smething t play. C. Smething t write.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。
11. What des the man prbably d?
A. A teacher. B. A dctr. C. A guide.
12. Where is the wman frm?
A. Singapre. B. The US. C. Thailand.
13. What des the wman hurry t d?
A. Catch her flight. B. Grade papers. C. Give a lessn.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 17 题。
14. Where are the speakers?
A. In a castle. B. On a hill. C. In a park.
15. Why des the man feel ht?
A. He has a fever. B. It is ht. C. He has been climbing.
16. Which wrd best describes the wman’s feeling abut the museum?
A. Interested. B. Bred. C. Disappinted.
17. What des the man suggest?
A. Ging hme. B. Taking a pht. C. Climbing t the tp f the twer.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题。
18. What is the purpse f arriving at the camp early?
A. T learn hw t set up tents.
B. T make friends with the camp neighbrs.
C. T have enugh time t learn abut the camp.
19. What des the speaker advise new campers t d abut meals?
A. Buy fd ne r tw days in advance.
B. Prepare extra fd fr camp neighbrs.
C. Shp n the way t the campsite.
20. What will the speaker tell us next time?
A. The transprtatin f camping.
B. Best places fr camping.
C. Places t buy fresh fd.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Best Inventins f the Past Year
Every year, ur magazine releases a list f the year’s best inventins. Which ne will be yur tp chice?
Weather intelligence
Weather frecasting systems can serve peple well, but they are nt perfect. Atlas, a netwrk f durable (耐用
的) weather ballns develped by a climate technlgy cmpany, was made t slve this prblem. The ballns
measure temperature, wind speed and ther factrs. Then Atlas uses an AI mdel t make mre accurate frecasts,
giving peple mre time t prepare fr severe weather.
Beat the bite
Are yu easily bitten by msquites? Studies shw heat can ease the pain and itching (发痒) frm msquit
bites. Heat It is a chemical-free device fr treating bites. It can be attached t a key chain and cnnected t a
smartphne. Users place it n the bite t heat the skin gently. A phne app helps cntrl temperature and treatment
time fr the best result.
Rbt rmmate
D yu want a rbt t d husewrk? Figure 03, a humanid rbt, is designed fr factries, businesses and
hmes. By Octber, it culd finish sme husehld tasks, such as flding clthes and lading a dishwasher (thugh
a human needs t start the machine and help if it drps items). The cmpany hpes t put an upgraded versin int
sme hmes in 2026.
Nn-brwning bananas
A brwn, mushy (糊状的) banana is really unpleasant. T extend its shelf life and cut dwn fd waste, a UK
cmpany created the nn-brwning banana. This kind f banana stays fresh fr at least 12 hurs after being peeled
(去皮). The cmpany is nw develping bananas that stay green lnger and can resist a disease harming banana
crps in many cuntries.
21. What is the main functin f Atlas?
A. T carry plenty f weather ballns. B. T deliver sharper weather frecast.
C. T recrd daily highest wind speeds. D. T adjust the heat in weather ballns.
22. Hw des Heat It help peple deal with msquit bites?
A. By using chemicals t stp itching. B. By cling the skin arund the bite.
C. By applying heat t the affected area. D. By sending warnings thrugh a smartphne.
23. Which f the fllwing is independent f AI assistance?
A. Heat It. B. Atlas. C. Figure 03. D. The nn-brwning banana.
B
I thught I grew up as the wrld’s shyest child... literally. At my 9th grade graduatin party frm my little
rural schl, I was invited t give a speech t my 25 r s classmates. Thugh I had heard numerus speeches
befre, I had n idea hw t deliver ne myself. Frm the time f the invitatin t speak up until that mment n
the stage, I was, in fact, hrrified t the pint f being almst physically ill.
I wrte ut abut 13 lines f stuff n an index card and memrized it. When I gt t abut the secnd line, I
ttally frgt the remainder. I sat dwn, utterly humiliated (丢脸的). I prmised t myself that I wuld never feel
that way again. When I reached high schl, I nticed speech classes were ffered. I wuld have drpped ut f
schl rather than have had t take ne f thse classes.
Things changed when I was called in as a last-minute replacement fr the scheduled wedding hst, Tmmy,
wh was suffering a severe cld. Of curse, I had t stand befre sizeable audience t speak, but I was still the
same shy guy. When I tried t figure ut whether Tmmy had ever felt nervus. The spntaneus (自发的) reply
that came frm his muth amazed me: “Nt really. It’s nt abut me. What I have t say is mre imprtant than my
feelings.” Miracles did happen t me, and the ptential fr humiliatin was n lnger central in my mind. My
delivery and fear-level have imprved since then.
I always appreciate the truth f Tmmy’s wrds: when yu changed what yu tld yurself abut public
speaking, yur feelings abut it changed as well and that weight inside yu just lifts. Tday, althugh basically still
shy, I can stand with ease befre any size crwd and bldly, effectively, articulately, and cnvincingly prnunce
what I have t say.
24. Why did the authr feel hrrified befre giving the speech?
A. He was frced t speak by his teacher. B. He had been weak in memrizing lines.
C. He was t frightened t speak in public. D. He had been physically ill fr a lng time.
25. Hw did the authr react t the speech class ffered in high schl?
A. He cnsidered taking it as a challenge. B. He was extremely unwilling t take it.
C. He decided t drp ut f schl t avid it. D. He felt it wuld help him vercme shyness.
26. What made the authr change his attitude twards public speaking?
A. Tmmy’s training f him in public speaking. B. His successful experience as a wedding hst.
C. His determinatin never t feel shamed again. D. Tmmy’s wrds abut the purpse f speaking.
27. What message des the authr mainly cnvey in the text?
A. Lk utward, nt inward. B. Once bitten, twice shy.
C. Well begun is half dne. D. Practice makes perfect.
C
Climate-driving migratin (迁徙) is ften viewed as a mdern crisis, but histry tells a different stry. An
interdisciplinary team f researchers frm the University f Basel has shwn that large-scale envirnmental
instability shaped scieties mre than a thusand years ag.
Their study examined hw severe hydrlgical (水 文 学 的 ) extremes such as prlnged drughts and
destructive flds in the late Tang Dynasty influenced plitical stability in China. The research fcused n nrthern
China, particularly the regin surrunding the Yellw River, an area central t agriculture, transprtatin, and
plitical pwer.
T understand hw the climate shifted during this critical perid, scientists turned t natural archives (档案)
— tree rings. In wetter years, sufficient rainfall allws trees t grw mre quickly, prducing wider rings. In dry
years, grwth slws, leaving narrwer rings. The lnger a tree lives, the further back this envirnmental recrd
extends, ffering a detailed timeline f past climate cnditins. The team relied n lng-term tree ring datasets
frm the Yellw River basin t recnstruct histrical runff (径流量) patterns, which directly affected farming.
Their findings revealed that a rise in severe weather events played a part in the fall f the Tang Dynasty in 907
CE. Mre frequent drughts and flds placed intense pressure n the sldiers respnsible fr defending the
frntiers, as well as n their families. Crp failures became cmmn due t extreme weather. With shrtages
munting, supply rutes cllapsing, and hunger spreading, many peple migrated suth in search f better
cnditins, leading t plitical destabilizatin and cntributing t the Tang Dynasty’s fall.
Hwever, the study’s first authr Michael Kempf emphasizes,“Our results are apprximatins (近似值). The
actual cnditins at that time cannt be recnstructed with certainty. It’s a cmplex interplay f many different
factrs.” The study cncluded that envirnmental phenmena and their cnsequences can disrupt scial structures
and destabilize plitical systems. This is a develpment that culd ccur mre frequently in view f climate change
tday.
28. What is the main purpse f the study?
A. T questin tree rings fr climate research. B. T predict the ptential new climate crises.
C. T link climate change t plitical changes. D. T analyse the reasn fr ancient migratin.
29. Hw did the researchers get climate data f the Tang Dynasty?
A. By studying ancient trees’ grwth patterns. B. By surveying the ancient migratin rutes.
C. By analyzing fficial histrical dcuments. D. By examining the remains f ancient crps.
30. What did the research find abut the rle f climate in the late Tang Dynasty?
A. It was the majr reasn fr the dynasty’s cllapse.
B. It physically destryed mst f its frntier defence.
C. It directly resulted in the weakening f the dynasty.
D. It set ff a chain f events causing the dynasty’s fall.
31. What des Michael Kempf think f the findings?
A. They verstate envirnmental rles. B. They are estimates and require care.
C. They ignre Tang’s scial structures. D. They are accurate and widely applicable.
D
In an age dminated by digital media and rapidly advancing technlgy, nline platfrms nw prvide instant
access t vast amunts f cntent, making infrmatin readily available at the click f a buttn. Despite this digital
cnvenience, reading bks in printed frm remains fundamental and irreplaceable.
Reading printed bks is far frm a diminishing practice as it ffers several advantages ver digital frmats.
Reading printed materials is assciated with health benefits, including reduced eye strain and imprved sleep
patterns cmpared t prlnged screen use. Research and experience alike shw that reading frm paper reduces
digital distractins such as ntificatins, hyperlinks, and screen glare, allwing readers t fcus mre deeply n the
cntent. This sustained attentin helps readers better understand narratives and cncepts and enhances lng-term
memry.
It is imprtant t acknwledge that mdern technlgy has revlutinized hw peple read. E-bks and
nline learning platfrms have made cuntless written wrks accessible t a brader audience, including thse wh
may nt easily access physical libraries. While sme readers still cherish the tangible feel f turning pages, thers
appreciate the cnvenience f digital frmats.
Nevertheless, the cntinued demand fr printed bks demnstrates that physical reading materials still hld
great value. Online vendrs nw make it easier than ever t purchase new r secnd-hand bks, which can be
delivered directly t readers’ hmes. Libraries als cntinue t play a vital rle in prmting reading culture.
Althugh many readers physically visit libraries, nline catalgues (目录) have becme essential tls fr lcating
specific bks efficiently. These digital systems help readers save time and avid cnfusin when searching
thrugh shelves, shwing that technlgy can cmplement (补足) rather than replace printed bks.
In tday’s fast-paced wrld, cuntless distractins cmpete fr peple’s attentin. Smartphnes, streaming
services, pdcasts, and the pressures f daily life ften leave little rm fr sustained reading. Yet, whether bund
in paper r stred digitally, reading remains pwerful, serving as gateways t knwledge, prmting educatin,
grwth, and prgress in sciety.
32. What des the underlined wrd “diminishing” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Cnfusing B. Fading. C. Fashinable. D. Cmfrtable.
33. What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A. Library visits have becme unnecessary.
B. Bk delivery services are lsing ppularity.
C. Digital tls may facilitate access t physical bks.
D. Online catalgues have replaced traditinal shelving.
34. What might the authr intend t d in the last paragraph?
A. Advcate reading regardless f its ways. B. Advise peple t avid daily distractins.
C. Resist digital bks despite their cnvenience. D. Cmpare physical bks and the digital nes.
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Health Benefits f Reading Printed Bks
B. Hw Libraries Are Adapting t New Technlgy
C. Digital Media: Distracting Mst Peple frm Reading
D. Printed Bks: Hlding Their Grund in a Digital Age
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
余选项。
Achieving success is nt merely a matter f luck r talent. 36 Here are sme basic principles that
peple f achievement live by and yu can apply them starting tday.
Peple f achievement create an envirnment that breeds (孕育) success. That means that yu shuldn’t keep
cmpany with negative peple, read infrmatin made fr the masses, eat unhealthy fd, r the like. 37
Instead, cmmunicate with thse with similar gals, read bigraphies f successful peple, g t places that
increase yur energy, and take care f yur health. All that is part f the persn yu’ re trying t becme.
Peple f achievement dn’t listen t naysayers (反 对 者 ). There will be at least a few peple in yur
surrundings that will tell yu that yur gal is nt wrth pursuing, that what yu’ re ding is crazy, and that yur
idea is impssible. 38 Successful peple maintain an unwavering belief in their abilities and directin,
even when faced with dubt r criticism frm thers.
39 If yu avid learning new stuff, yu’ re nly getting further frm success. But prsperus peple,
hard-wrking entrepreneurs, high achievers and utstanding artists all cnstantly learn new things. They learn frm
thers, frm the past, reading, and travelling and get t knw themselves mre. That helps them g beynd
themselves every day.
Peple f achievement wrk smarter. The average persn wastes a lt f time daily ding meaningless things
like verthinking, feeling srry fr himself, being lazy and mre. Highly prductive individuals get better at time
management, eliminate anything that’s nt prductive, wake up earlier, stp multitasking, delegate (把……委托给)
and autmate what they can and have mre time t d what matters. 40
A. It’s rted in intentinal chices in life.
B. Peple f achievement dn’t make excuses.
C. Peple f achievement are all students f life.
D. They appreciate what’s arund them right nw.
E. It’s abut ding the right things, nt just ding mre.
F. Yur jb is t ignre that and fcus n yur visin instead.
G. All thse affect yur judgment, energy levels, health, and success.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was 5:30 am as I drve t my parents’ huse fr ur Thanksgiving dinner. As I drve suth ut f twn, I
41 brake (刹车) lights n the cars in frnt f me.
As I 42 , I saw tw trucks, ne in each lane, slwing dwn until they were next t each ther and
43 all the vehicles frm getting arund them. I 44 maybe there was an accident. When the situatin
cntinued, I gt annyed at the 45 , blaming the drivers fr n 46 fr thers n the rad.
Hwever, my whle mindset 47 when I was able t peek (窥视) int the 48 between the
trucks at the rad ahead. I saw a car mving 49 dwn the rad, slwing dwn, and swerving (急转弯)
frm ne shulder t the ther.
The tw trucks held their grund side by side 50 the impatient hnks (汽车喇叭声) f the cars behind
them. This situatin lasted fr anther 15 minutes until three plice cars 51 . The plice 52 the car
t stp t the side f the highway. The trucks then sped up and mved ver t let the 53 thrugh.
It was 54 that the tw trucks saved the driver f the weaving car, wh was almst uncnscius (失去
意识的). I gave them an 55 hnking and waving as I drve by... n my way t a truly thankful day with
my family.
41. A. nticed B. caught C. damaged D. sught
42. A. stretched B. repeated C. resisted D. apprached
43. A. blcking B. delivering C. remving D. changing
44. A. warned B. assumed C. explained D. prmised
45. A. threat B. theft C. delay D. cheat
46. A. recgnitin B. cnsideratin C. reward D. hnr
47. A. imprved B. frmed C. weakened D. shifted
48. A. deference B. gap C. price D. mark
49. A. intentinally B. firmly C. unsteadily D. unnecessarily
50. A. in spite f B. in additin t C. instead f D. wing t
51. A. brke dwn B. set ff C. carried n D. turned up
52. A. mtivated B. frced C. required D. rdered
53. A. staff B. audience C. traffic D. current
54. A. bvius B. regretful C. ptential D. wise
55. A. unusual B. embarrassing C. annying D. appreciative
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The frzen Snghua River in Harbin, Heilngjiang Prvince, came alive 56 the sund f drums and
the rhythmic kncking f ice picks eching (回响) acrss the ice. Nearly200 members f ice dragn bat teams
energetically struck the icy surface 57 (mve) frward, drawing enthusiastic cheers frm the 58
(viewer).
The “HIT-Cambridge-Oxfrd Cup” Ice Dragn Bat Internatinal Friendship Race, 59 (hst) in
Harbin by the Harbin Institute f Technlgy, started n Saturday mrning, attracting 14 teams frm Oxfrd and
Cambridge universities in the United Kingdm, the C9 League, 60 is an alliance (联盟) f nine public
universities n the Chinese mainland.
“It is 61 amazing experience,” said Edward Twnsend, 22, a graduate student frm Cambridge. “The
weather is much 62 (cld) in Harbin. In the UK, the lwest temperature is arund －5℃, while here it’s
－20℃.”
“We have a traditin f rwing n the River Cam in ur cuntry, but it is the first time we 63
(participate) in the dragn bat race n the ice. It challenges participants bth 64 (physical) and as a team,”
he added.
Since 2019, Harbin Institute f Technlgy has been the 65 (rganize) f three ice dragn bat races
fr the C9 League. It als cmprises Peking University, Tsinghua University, Fudan University, Shanghai Jia
Tng University, Nanjing University, Zhejiang University, the University f Science and Technlgy f China and
Xi’ an Jiatng University.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（满分 15 分）
假定你是你校艺术社团的负责人李华，你社在新学期计划招新成员。请你写一则通知发布到你校英文
公众号上，内容包括：
（1）介绍艺术社团；
（2）阐述报名流程；
（3）鼓励大家踊跃报名。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为 80 个词左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Ntice
Art Club
第二节（满分 25 分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
That Saturday mrning was suppsed t be mine. I shuld have been seeing a mvie with my friends r just
lying n the cuch scrlling thrugh vides n my phne. But Dad had ther plans. He wke me up early and tld
me t help him clip (修剪) trees and bushes n ur farm land. I wasn’t happy abut it at all. Such farm wrk
seemed s bring cmpared t hanging ut with friends r watching funny clips at hme.
My jb was simple but endless: lad the wheelbarrw (手推车) with clippings and thrw them int the big
trash bin. I wrked slwly, withut enthusiasm, and kept checking my phne every few minutes, wishing the time
wuld pass faster. But the piles f branches never seemed t get smaller — n sner had I cleared ne pile than
anther muntain f branches appeared. Every time I came back, Dad had cut mre. He just kept cutting, mving
frm ne bush t the next, having n intentin f stpping. I was sweating and tired, and my patience was running
ut fast.
When the trash bin was finally full, I felt relieved. I assumed we were dne fr the day. But then Dad walked
ver t anther sectin and picked up his tls. That was the last straw and I threw my glves n the grund hard
enugh fr him t hear. Dad stpped cutting and lked at me fr a mment. He didn’t yell r get mad, but just
wiped his frehead and said quietly, “G back hme, sn. I’ll finish up myself here.”
Upn hearing that, I walked away quickly, feeling free at last. As I walked dwn the driveway, abut ne mile
away, I lked back at my father, seeing he was struggling t psitin the ladder all by himself.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为 150 个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Lking at this scene, my feet felt heavy.
We wrked tgether in the fllwing time.
参考答案
听力（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）
1—5 BABCC 6—10 ABCBA 11—15 ABCBC 16—20 ACCAB
阅读（共 20 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 50 分）
21—23 BCD 24—27 CBDA 28—31 CADB 32—35 BCAD 36—40 AGFCE
语言运用 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
41—45 ADABC 46—50 BDBCA 51—55 DBCAD
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
56. with 57. t mve 58. viewers 59. hsted 60. which
61. an 62. clder 63. have participated 64. physically 65. rganizer
评分原则：
1．铅笔作答不给分。
2．有拼写或大小写错误的作答不给分。
3．所填词汇正确，但有形式错误的不给分。
4．英式、美式拼写均可给分。
5．除所列答案外，若试评过程中发现其他可接受答案，经评卷专家组讨论确认后也可给分。
写作：
第一节（满分 15 分）
参考范文：
Ntice
The new term is here, and Art Club is excited t annunce that we are lking fr new members! Art Club is a
vibrant and creative cmmunity where students can explre varius frms f art, including painting, calligraphy,
phtgraphy, and handicrafts. We hld regular exhibitins and exchange activities t inspire creativity and
shwcase talents.
If yu have a passin fr art and are eager t learn and share, we warmly welcme yu t jin us! N
prfessinal experience is required — just enthusiasm and cmmitment. Interested students can sign up by
sending yur applicatin t Art Club befre the end f this week.
Dn’t miss this wnderful pprtunity t express yurself and make friends with similar interests! Lking
frward t yur participatin!
Art Club
第二节（满分 25 分）
参考范文：
Lking at this scene, my feet felt heavy. I started thinking hw Dad was always at wrk and hw I was always
busy with schl since I started high schl. When was the last time we had actually dne smething tgether, just
the tw f us? My ftsteps slwed, then stpped entirely. I std there fr a minute, then turned arund and
walked back. When Dad saw me cming, he lked surprised. Then he smiled — a real smile that lit up his face.
“Changed yur mind?” he asked. I just ndded and picked up my glves.
We wrked tgether in the fllwing time. This time, I didn’t check my phne nce. We talked abut schl,
abut his jb, abut neighbrs dgs that kept digging up ur yard. Dad tld me stries abut when he was my age
that I’d never heard befre. The wrk went faster with tw f us, but I wasn’t in a hurry anymre. By the time we
finished, we were bth cvered in dirt and leaves, but I felt gd. That Saturday didn’t turn ut hw I planned, but