英语八年级下册（2024）Section 2 Exploring and applying rules (Grammar)示范课课件ppt

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1. As all the seats were full he std up.2. The cuntry is nt strng because it is large. 3. This by didn’t d his hmewrk because f skating.4. I was late because f the heavy traffic.5. Since /As we’ve n mney, we can’t buy it.  6. Since everyne is here, let’s start the meeting.
Read and pay attentin t the wrds in red:
We call these sentences Adverbial clauses f reasn .(原因状语从句）
Adverbial clauses f reasn
Adverbial clauses f reasn tell us why things happen.
Read the summary f the stry n page 117. Pay attentin t the wrds in bld. Then answer the questins.
(1) Why was there a lud nise last night?(2) Why culdn't the spaceship fly?
There was a lud nise last night because a spaceship crashed in the frest. / Because a spaceship crashed in the frest, there was a lud nise last night.
Because f the damage, the spaceship culdn't fly. /The spaceship culdn’t fly because f the damage.
A 原因状语从句 在句中表示原因、理由的从句叫原因状语从句。1 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, since, as。2 表示语气的强弱顺序是：because﹥ since﹥ as。 3 这些连词都不能和s连用。4 当原因状语从句放于句首时，通常要用逗号与主句隔开。
引导词because 1 because强调明确直接的因果关系，回答“why”问题。如：She didn’t cme t schl because she was ill. 她没来上学是因为病了。— Why was he angry? 他为什么生气？— Because I was late. 因为我迟到了。2 because从句可与fr互换，但fr是并列连词，连接的是并列句，并且在fr前必须有逗号隔开。如：We must start early because it will take us 3 hurs t drive there. 我们要早点出发，因为开车去那儿要3个小时。= We must start early, fr it will take us 3 hurs t drive there.
引导词since1 since表示明摆着的理由或原因，常译为“既然”。如：Since yu have finished yur hmewrk, yu can take a rest. 既然你已完成了作业，那就休息一下吧。2 since还可引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”。如：We’ve knwn each ther since we were children. 我们从孩提时代起就相识了。
引导词as1 as语气最弱，表示附带说明的原因。如：As yu’re busy, yu needn’t g t see him tday. 你很忙，就没必要今天去看他了。2 as还可引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”、“随着……”。如：He drpped the glass as he std up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。We get wiser as we get ld. 随着年龄的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。
because与 because f的区别because和because f的意思都是“因为；由于”。 但because 是连词，其后接句子。because f 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。如：She desn’t g t schl because she is ill. = She desn’t g t schl because f her illness. 她没来上学因为她生病了。
其他可以引导原因状语从句的连词：nw that: 表示“既然”,指由于新出现的情况而做某事。Nw that the semester is ver,we can take a vacatin. 既然学期结束了，我们 可以去度假了。seeing that: 表示“既然”“由于”,和since 意思接近。 Seeing that yu're nt interested, I wn't bther yu. 既然你没兴趣，我就不 打扰你了。
1 The plice fficer asked Tm sme mre questins abut the aliens. Match the questins with the answers. Then use them t cmplete the fficer's ntes with as, since, because r because f. Remember t write cmplete sentences.
Plice fficer's ntes(because f) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________(because)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________(3)(as)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(4)(Since)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Since n ne else saw these aliens, Tina and Tm's father refused t believe them.
Tina was sure that smething landed in the frest near the hills because f a lud nise last night.
Tina and Tm hid behind sme bushes because they heard sme vices speaking a strange language.
Tina and Tm ran away as an alien saw them and made a terrible nise.
2 D yu think aliens exist? Why r why nt? Read the news headlines and discuss the questins in pairs.
Aliens exist and they culd be living amng us, says Britain's first astrnaut Why sme experts believe alien life might really existAliens may nt exist and we are perhaps ttally alne in the universe scientists say
S1: Since life exists n Earth, it is pssible fr it t exist n ther planets t.S2: I agree. As there are s many planets in the universe, we’ll discver alien life ne day.
S1: I think aliens exist, because the universe has cuntless planets like Earth.S2: I agree. Since life can appear n Earth, it may als appear n ther planets.
S1: I believe alien life might really exist, as many experts have the same idea.S2: That’s right. Since space is s big, there must be ther living things.
S1: I dn’t think aliens exist, because we have n real evidence s far.S2: I agree. As n ne has seen real aliens, we may be alne in the universe.
1.掌握because、since、as原因状语从句和because f短语的基本结构与核心用法，明确四种表达的基础句式，能在简单语境中规范运用句式表达因果关系。2.精准区分四类表达的语气强弱、使用场景差异，规避because f后接短语、because后接从句、since/as用于回答why问句等典型错误，在复杂科幻情境中灵活选用句式精准表意。3.依托单元科幻想象主题，感受英语语言逻辑表达的严谨性。
一、选择最佳答案填空。1. I called the plice ____ the terrible nise. A. because f B. because C. since D. as2. ____ I’m very tired, I am ging t bed early. A. Until B. As C. Thugh D. While3. ____ n ne knws the truth, we dn’t believe what he said. A. Whether B. When C. While D. Since4. We believe there are aliens ____ these phts f UFOs.A. since B. because C. as D. because f
5. ______ everyne is here, let’s start t discuss hw t rescue them. A. Since B. But C. Or D. S6. He didn’t g t the cinema nt ____ the bad weather, but _____ he didn’t want t see the film. A. because f; because f B. because; because f C. because; because D. because f; because7. The rad up t the tp f the muntain is still clsed till the snw weather is ver. — It’s necessary, _____ it’s dangerus t g up the muntain in the snwy weather.A. if B. whether C. as D. althugh8. The exam must be very difficult, ______ many students failed. A. thugh B. s C. fr D. but
（二）句型转换。 1 The students didn’t need t g t schl because there was a strm. The students didn’t need t g t schl __________ ____ the strm. 2 He was ill, s he didn’t g t schl. __________________ he was ill, he didn’t g t schl. 3 He culdn’t walk because his leg was brken. He culdn’t walk ____________ ____ his _________ leg.4 I came back because it was raining heavily. I came back ___________ ____ the ________ rain. 5 My parents were angry because f my pr marks in the exam.My parents were angry _________ I gt pr marks in the exam.
because f
Because / Since
because f brken
because f heavy
（三）完成句子。1 他因为一场事故失去了双亲。He lst his parents __________ _____ an accident. 2 既然你已经在这儿了，何不多待两天？ ____________ yu are here, why nt stay fr tw mre days? 3 你生病了，最好去看看医生。 ____________ yu are ill, yu’d better g t see a dctr. 4 我没去那里，因为我不想见到他。I didn’t g there _________ I didn’t want t see him. 5 因为要赶去火车站，他们很早就起床了。 _________________ they needed t g t the train statin, they gt up early.
because f
Since / As
Because / Since / As
四、翻译句子1.鸟儿们因为听到奇怪的声音而恐惧地飞走了。（because）The birds flew away in fear because they heard strange sunds.2.由于大家都很忙，我将自己完成这项工作。(As...)As everyne is busy, I will finish the wrk by myself.3.既然地球上能孕育生命，那么其他星球上也有可能出现生命。（since）Since life can appear n Earth, it may als appear n ther planets.4.既然你已经知道事实真相，你就没有必要那么伤心了。(since)Since yu have knwn the truth, there is n need t be s sad.5.因为受损，这艘宇宙飞船无法飞行。（because f）The spaceship culdn't fly because f the damage.