2026浙江省五湖联盟高一下学期4月期中考试英语含解析（含听力）

这是一份2026浙江省五湖联盟高一下学期4月期中考试英语含解析（含听力），共6页。试卷主要包含了 考试结束后，只需上交答题纸等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考生须知：
1. 本卷共8页，满分120分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。
3. 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。
4. 考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。
选择题部分
第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节： (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In the street.B. In a htel.C. In a schl.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Let me help yu carry thse bags, ma’am.
W: Oh, thanks. But my apartment is next t the Grand Htel. Tw mre blcks t g.
M: That’s fine. My schl is just in that directin.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Hw will the wman prbably g t her friend’s?
A. By subway.B. By car.C. By bike.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Catherine, where are yu ging? D yu need a ride?
W: N, thanks. I am riding t my friend’s. I used t take a bus, but I need t get sme exercise.
M: All right.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the man prmise the wman?
A. Wedding phts.B. A graduatin party.C. A lunch ut.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Brian, wuld yu cme t my graduatin party next Saturday?
M: I appreciate it, but I have a wedding t attend that day. I’ll make it up t yu by taking yu ut fr lunch later.
W: OK. I’ll take lts f phts s yu can see what yu miss ut n.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the wman’s attitude twards the prfessr’s respnse?
A. Unclear.B. Understanding.C. Supprtive.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: In the histry class yesterday, the prfessr asked a questin. I raised my hand. But the prfessr just answered his wn questin and cntinued with the lecture.
W: Well, in a big rm, it’s pssible he didn’t ntice yu. Or maybe he was trying t save time.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s the man’s suggestin abut?
A. Practice time.B. A healthy lifestyle.C. Weekend plans.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I’ve been listening t yu play the pian fr a while. And it’s fine during the weekdays fr I’m up at 7 a.m. On the weekends, I’d appreciate it if yu culd hld ff until 9 a.m.
W: N prblem. I’ll put it ff until 10 a.m.
第二节： (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What des the wman want the man t d?
A. Write an article.
B. Buy sme pizza.
C. Help with her cmputer hmewrk.
7. What’s the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student.B. Mther and sn.C. Friends.
【答案】6. C 7. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Lucas, I signed up fr a cmputer class fr senir citizens.
M: That’s great! Hw d yu feel abut it?
W: It’s been really fun. I’m just learning the basics right nw.
M: D yu get hmewrk?
W: Yes, we have t type a shrt article abut self-intrductin.
M: D yu need any help?
W: Actually, I’m nt cnfident abut editing yet.
M: I will cme ver tnight. Shall I buy sme pizza fr yu and dad?
W: N, I’ll make sme tday.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Why did the wman have t mve seats?
A. The guy in frnt f her is tall.B. The man beside her is nisy.C. She wants t sit cmfrtably.
9. What did the man agree with the wman?
A. The Jb market.B. The bring speech.C. Wrk pressure.
【答案】8. A 9. A
【解析】
【原文】M: What d yu think f the talk, Judy?
W: I think it was gd. But I had t mve my seats.
M: Were the peple beside yu chatting r smething?
W: N. I went early s I gt a seat, but a tall guy sat right in frnt f me!
M: Well, it’s hard t see thrugh peple’s heads.
W: Yes. Anyway, I think the lecture was interesting, especially what the speaker said abut the jb market.
M: Me t. I mean we knw we’re ging int a tugh field but it turns ut there are a lt f jbs that we didn’t even think f.
W: Yeah, I wasn’t expecting s.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. Why des the wman make the call?
A. T ask fr advice.B. T apply fr a jb.C. T jin a grup.
11. What interests the wman mst?
A. Caring fr the paths.B. Making new habitats.C. Cunting the species.
12. What des the man think f the wman’s making a chair in a day?
A. Impssible.B. Enjyable.C. Easy.
13. Hw much will the wman pay fr the wdwrk activity?
A. £30.B. £35.C. £45.
【答案】10. C 11. C 12. A 13. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hell?
W: Hell. My name’s Cathy. Are yu the right persn t talk t abut the New Green Grup?
M: Yes, I’m the secretary.
W: Gd. I’ve just mved t this area, and I’m interested in jining it. Culd yu tell me smething abut yur activities, please?
M: Of curse. We manage a nature reserve. It’s ppular, s we spend a lt f time lking after the paths.
W: I culd help with that.
M: Gd. We have a prgram f creating new habitats there. And we als need t identify the different species f insects that visit the reserve.
W: Cunting the species! That’s what I lve mst.
M: Then this mnth we’re having a wdwrk activity in High Wd.
W: Is it OK fr beginners t take part?
M: Of curse.
W: Excellent! I’d lve t be able t make a chair.
M: Yu can’t d it in ne day! Yu’ll be starting with wden spns. And there’s a charge f £35, including lunch, and 5 mre punds if yu want t camp fr the night in the wd.
W: I think I’ll g back hme befre evening. And, I’d certainly like t jin the grup.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What did the wman think f reading bks n a cmputer befre?
A. Interesting.B. Tiring.C. Exciting.
15. Hw des the man put the bks n his cmputer?
A. His friends send him.B. He dwnlads them by himself.C. He buys them nline by email.
16. What will the man d in the fllwing days?
A. Read sme e-bks.B. Travel fr business.C. Study with the wman.
17. What will the wman d next?
A. Wait fr Grist.B. Buy her favrite nvel.C. Experience the e-reader.
【答案】14. B 15. C 16. B 17. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Lk at my new e-bk reader.
W: Oh, it’s nice, but I’d never get used t it.
M: Yu shuld try it. A lt f peple just dn’t like prgress. I’m sure the first peple t see real bks said that stries shuld be tld by strytellers and heard by listeners arund a fire. Things change.
W: Well, hw des it wrk? Isn’t it like reading a big PDF dcument n yur cmputer? When I have t d that, my eyes get s tired. I can’t imagine what it wuld be like t read a Jane Austen nvel in that way.
M: N! There isn’t a light n it like a cmputer has, s it desn’t tire yur eyes.
W: Huh, I never realized that. Hw d yu put bks n it?
M: I just buy bks fr it nline and they get delivered straight t the reader.
W: By e-mail?
M: Yeah. It’s very cnvenient. Listen, I’m ging ut n business fr a few days. I’ll leave this e-bk reader with yu. It’s gt the latest Grist nvel n it, the ne yu wanted t read. See if yu get n with it.
W: Thanks. I can’t wait t see what it’s like.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. What can visitrs d in fall?
A. Watch whales.B. Visit artists.C. G t cafes.
19. What d we knw abut the Pacific Ocean Park?
A. It’s returned t the wild.B. It’s was pened in the 1970s.C. It’s a pay-t-enter park.
20. What special activities des the Pageant f the Masters prvide?
A. Turs.B. Music perfrmances.C. Painting shws.
【答案】18. A 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【原文】 W: Hell, everyne. Tday, I’ll tell yu smething abut Suth Orange Twn. Lcated alng the Pacific cast in Suthern Califrnia, the twn attracts a few millin visitrs a year. It is knwn fr its artist cmmunity, seaside village atmsphere, and beautiful beaches. Much f the twn’s beauty is natural. Yu can see giant blue whales rise nt the sea surface in summer and fall. In the winter seasn, yu can explre the galleries and cafes alng the seaside streets. Yu can als get clse t the lcal wildlife in the Pacific Ocean Park. This is where injured sea lins that were rescued ff the regin’s beaches are cared fr befre being returned t the wild. The small, family-friendly park, which pened in the 1970s, was the first f its kind in Califrnia, and entrance is free. Every summer, the twn hsts many ppular events. The Festival f Arts is ne f them, featuring nt nly the paintings f ver 100 lcal artists, but als live music. Its sister event, the Pageant f the Masters, even prvides attractive utdr guided turs.
第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节： (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Five Mst Beautiful UNESCO Wrld Heritage Sites in the USA
The UNESCO Wrld Heritage Sites are sme f the mst beautiful places in the wrld. They represent a unique cllectin f landmarks, and the five parks in USA really deserve t be treated as such.
Yellwstne Natinal Park, USA
The wrld’s first natinal park sits n tp f a vlcanic ht spt and ffers everything frm great views t fun activities and wildlife sightings. Hme t lush frests, ht springs, alpine rivers, geysers, and mre, it’s nt hard t see why it’s ne f the greatest parks in the USA.
Grand Canyn Natinal Park, USA
Thanks t the ersin frm the Clrad River, the Grand Canyn is amng the best spectacles n the planet. Stretching almst 300 miles, this magnificent valley is almst a mile deep and the width varies between less than a half mile t almst 19 miles.
Ysemite Natinal Park, USA
Ysemite’s glacial landfrm secures its spt amng the best parks in the USA. This amazing park is als typically recgnized because f its huge sequias (红杉) and granite cliffs. In additin, yu’ll find all srts f picture-wrthy meadws, waterfalls, streams, muntains, and a variety f plants and animals.
Carlsbad Caverns Natinal Park, USA
A karst landscape defines Carlsbad Caverns Natinal Park which huses mre than 119 caves. Its tw main standuts are the namesake Carlsbad Cavern and Lechuguilla Cave. Bth are knwn fr their natural beauty, reef frmatins, and gelgic features, but Carlsbad Cavern is famus fr having ne f the largest limestne cave chambers in the cuntry at 4, 000 feet lng while Lechuguilla Cave wes its fame t its rare spelethems, r secndary mineral depsits (沉积物) , that prvide a natural labratry t study bilgical and gelgical prcesses.
Hawaii Vlcanes Natinal Park, USA
Hme t tw f the mst active vlcanes in the wrld, Mauna La and Kilauea, Hawaii Vlcanes Natinal Park was added t the UNESCO Wrld Heritage List in 1987 in recgnitin f its utstanding natural values. The park is ne f the biggest attractins in Hawaii as it ffers visitrs dramatic vlcanic landscapes and glimpses f rare flra and fauna.
21. What d Yellwstne Natinal Park and Hawaii Vlcanes Natinal Park have in cmmn?
A. They bth are related t vlcanic activities.B. They bth have rare spelethems.
C. They bth are famus fr huge sequias.D. They bth have ver 100 caves.
22. Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the Grand Canyn?
A. It is ver 300 miles deep.B. Its width remains the same all alng.
C. It was frmed mainly by river ersin.D. It is famus fr huge sequias.
23. What is Lechuguilla Cave famus fr?
A. Its rare spelethems used fr scientific research.B. Its length f abut 4, 000 feet.
C. Being the largest limestne cave in the cuntry.D. Its beautiful ht springs and geysers.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍美国五处联合国教科文组织世界自然遗产，分别介绍各国家公园的独特地貌、自然景观与珍稀自然资源。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The wrld’s first natinal park sits n tp f a vlcanic ht spt and ffers everything frm great views t fun activities and wildlife sightings.(世界上第一个国家公园坐落于一处火山热点之上，这里应有尽有，壮丽景色、趣味活动与野生动物观赏景观一应俱全)”以及最后一段“Hme t tw f the mst active vlcanes in the wrld, Mauna La and Kilauea, Hawaii Vlcanes Natinal Park was added t the UNESCO Wrld Heritage List in 1987 in recgnitin f its utstanding natural values. (夏威夷火山国家公园坐拥世界上两座最活跃的火山 —— 冒纳罗亚火山与基拉韦厄火山。凭借其卓越的自然价值，该公园于1987年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录)”可知，黄石公园与夏威夷火山公园都和火山活动相关。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Thanks t the ersin frm the Clrad River, the Grand Canyn is amng the best spectacles n the planet.(得益于科罗拉多河的侵蚀作用，大峡谷成为地球上的绝美景观之一)”可知，大峡谷主要由河流侵蚀形成。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Bth are knwn fr their natural beauty, reef frmatins, and gelgic features, but Carlsbad Cavern is famus fr having ne f the largest limestne cave chambers in the cuntry at 4,000 feet lng while Lechuguilla Cave wes its fame t its rare spelethems, r secndary mineral depsits (沉积物) , that prvide a natural labratry t study bilgical and gelgical prcesses.(两处景点皆以自然风光、礁石构造与地质风貌闻名，但卡尔斯巴德洞穴因拥有全美最大的石灰岩洞穴洞厅之一而著称，该洞厅长达4000英尺；而龙舌兰洞穴的名气则源于其罕见的洞穴沉积物，也就是次生矿物沉积，这些物质为研究生物与地质演变过程提供了天然实验室)”可知，该洞穴以可供科研的稀有洞穴沉积物著称。
B
The United Kingdm is a cuntry with a lng histry and special traditins. I visited Lndn last year and fund that British peple value their ld traditins while enjying mdern life. This beautiful mix makes the UK very attractive, leaving a deep impressin n me.
One f the mst famus traditinal events is the Changing f the Guard at Buckingham Palace. I watched it with many turists. The sldiers wear bright red cats, tall black hats and tidy unifrms. They walk in rder and perfrm the ceremny carefully every day. With a histry f ver 300 years, it is deeply lved by lcal peple and visitrs. In my pinin, this ceremny is mre than a shw; it shws respect fr the cuntry’s lng histry and ryal culture.
The UK als has many ld villages and histric buildings. Stne huses, ld churches and ancient castles lie in twns and cuntryside. Peple prtect these places well, helping us learn abut the life f ancestrs hundreds f years ag. They are like bridges cnnecting the past and the present.
Tday, the UK is a mdern cuntry with new shpping malls, tall buildings and mdern technlgy. But British peple never abandn their valuable traditins. They mix the ld and the new in daily life. Fr example, a mdern cffee shp can be set in an ld stne building, where peple use smart phnes and enjy traditinal afternn tea. I believe it is wise t live a mdern life withut frgetting the past.
In my pinin, traditins are imprtant t the UK. They make peple prud f their cuntry and clear abut their cultural identity. A cuntry withut traditins will lse its special character. The UK mves int the mdern wrld, but still keeps its histry and traditins alive.
24. What can we knw abut the Changing f the Guard frm Paragraph 2?
A. It is held nly fr freign turists every day.B. It is a ceremny with ver 300 years f histry.
C. It is a simple perfrmance just fr visitrs.D. It is lved by few lcal British peple.
25. Why des the authr talk abut ld buildings in the UK?
A. T shw their special building styles.B. T tell readers their lng histry value.
C. T prve the UK prtects its traditins well.D. T advise students t visit these ld places.
26. What des the underlined wrd “abandn” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. give upB. take upC. lk frD. wait fr
27. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. The UK’s traditinal ceremny is very famus.
B. The UK mixes ld traditins and mdern life well.
C. Old buildings are imprtant t the UK’s culture.
D. Mdern life makes peple frget ld traditins.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【导语】作者结合旅行见闻，介绍英国既拥有悠久传统与历史建筑，又兼具现代化发展，当地人兼顾古今，融合传统与现代生活。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“With a histry f ver 300 years, it is deeply lved by lcal peple and visitrs.(它拥有三百多年历史，深受当地民众与游客喜爱。)”可知，白金汉宫换岗仪式有着三百余年的历史。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The UK als has many ld villages and histric buildings. Stne huses, ld churches and ancient castles lie in twns and cuntryside. Peple prtect these places well, helping us learn abut the life f ancestrs hundreds f years ag. They are like bridges cnnecting the past and the present.(英国还有众多古老村落与历史建筑。石砌房屋、老旧教堂和古老城堡散落于城镇与乡间。人们妥善保护着这些古迹，助力我们了解数百年前祖先的生活。它们如同桥梁，连接着过去与当下。)”可知，作者列举古建筑，是为了证明英国很好地守护自身传统。
【26题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“But British peple never abandn their valuable traditins. They mix the ld and the new in daily life.(但英国人从不abandn珍贵的传统，他们在日常生活中融合新旧事物。)”可知，这里讲英国人在日常生活中融合新旧事物，即他们没有抛弃传统，所以猜测abandn意为“放弃；舍弃”，与give up同义。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“I visited Lndn last year and fund that British peple value their ld traditins while enjying mdern life.(作者发现英国人在享受现代生活的同时，依然重视古老传统。)”以及全文内容可知，作者结合旅行见闻，介绍英国既拥有悠久传统与历史建筑，又兼具现代化发展，当地人兼顾古今，融合传统与现代生活，即文章主要介绍英国完美融合传统与现代生活。
C
Music is an imprtant part f human life. It has existed fr thusands f years, even earlier than written language. In ancient times, peple used simple sunds and sngs t express emtins like happiness r sadness, and t pass n stries t the next generatin. Withut frmal writing, music helped cmmunities keep their traditins alive, making histry a living experience fr everyne.
Music deeply influences ur feelings. Sft music relaxes us when we’re stressed r tired, while cheerful music lifts ur spirits when we’re upset. Many students listen t music while resting because it keeps them in a gd md. In hard times, music acts as a gentle cmpanin, ffering cmfrt and an escape frm daily pressures.
There are many music genres with unique charms. Pp music is ppular amng teenagers fr its easy lyrics and lively tunes. Classical music, by cmpsers like Mzart and Beethven, lets peple enjy art. Flk music tells rdinary peple’s life and culture, and rck music, full f energy, is lved by yung peple fr its strng rhythm and expressive lyrics. Each type reflects the diverse tastes f music lvers wrldwide.
Tday, the Internet and mbile phnes make it easy t access music anytime, anywhere. Sme peple als learn t play instruments r sing in bands. Music brings peple tgether t — at cncerts r parties, peple share jy thrugh music, strengthening friendships and family ties.
In fact, music is like a universal language. It tuches hearts withut wrds, enriches ur lives, and cnnects peple acrss cultures and generatins, making the wrld mre wnderful.
28. Why did ancient peple use music accrding t the first paragraph?
A. T develp written language.B. T make themselves mre relaxed.
C. T shw danger nly.D. T pass n stries t the next generatin.
29. Hw des music influence peple accrding t Paragraph 2?
A. It makes peple feel mre stressed.B. It helps imprve memry quickly.
C. It greatly affects peple’s mds.D. It cmpletely remves life pressure.
30. Which f the fllwing is true abut different kinds f music?
A. Flk music is famus fr its strng rhythm.B. Pp music is ppular amng teenagers.
C. Classical music is full f energy.D. Rck music tells cmmn peple’s life.
31. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T shw the imprtance f music in life.B. T intrduce the histry f ancient music.
C. T teach peple hw t create music.D. T advise n chsing right music.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文阐述音乐源远流长，能调节情绪、种类丰富，如今获取便捷，作为通用语言丰富生活、凝聚人心，凸显其重要价值。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In ancient times, peple used simple sunds and sngs t express emtins like happiness r sadness, and t pass n stries t the next generatin.(在古代，人们用简单的声音和歌曲表达喜悦与悲伤等情感，并将故事传递给下一代。)”可知，古人使用音乐是为了向后代传递故事。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Music deeply influences ur feelings. Sft music relaxes us when we’re stressed r tired, while cheerful music lifts ur spirits when we’re upset.(音乐深刻影响我们的情绪。舒缓的音乐缓解疲惫压力，欢快的音乐改善低落的心情。)”可知，音乐极大影响人们的情绪。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Pp music is ppular amng teenagers fr its easy lyrics and lively tunes.(流行乐歌词浅显、旋律轻快，深受青少年喜爱。)”可知，流行音乐在青少年中很受欢迎。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段首句“Music is an imprtant part f human life.(音乐是人类生活中重要的一部分。)”以及最后一段“It tuches hearts withut wrds, enriches ur lives, and cnnects peple acrss cultures and generatins.(它无需言语却能触动心灵、丰富生活、联结不同文化与时代的人。)”可知，全文围绕音乐的价值与作用展开，旨在说明音乐在生活中的重要性。
D
Swimmers can drwn in busy swimming pls when lifeguards fail t ntice that they are in truble. Nw a cmpany has develped an artificial intelligence system called Pseidn that sunds the alarm when it sees smene in danger f drwning.
When a swimmer sinks twards the bttm f the pl, the new system sends an alarm signal t a plside mnitring statin and a lifeguard’s pager. In trials at a pl in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few mnths, says Alistair McQuade, a spkesman fr its maker, Pseidn Technlgies.
Pseidn keeps watch thrugh a netwrk f underwater and verhead vide cameras. AI sftware analyses the images t wrk ut swimmers’ trajectries (轨迹). T d this reliably, it has t tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadw f smene being cast nt the bttm r side f the pl.
It des the same with an image frm anther camera viewing the shape frm a different angle. If the tw prjectins are in the same psitin, the shape is identified as a shadw and is ignred. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and s the system fllws its trajectry.
T pick ut ptential drwning victims, anyne in the water wh starts t descend (下降) slwly is added t the sftware’s “pre-alarm” list, says McQuade. Swimmers wh then stay immbile n the pl bttm fr five secnds r mre are cnsidered in danger f drwning. Pseidn duble-checks that the image really is f a swimmer, nt a shadw, by seeing whether it bscures (使模糊) the pl’s flr texture when viewed frm verhead. If s, it alarms the lifeguard, shwing the swimmer’s lcatin n a plside screen.
The first full-scale Pseidn system was fficially pened at a pl in High Wycmbe, Buckinghamshire. One man wh is impressed with the idea is Travr Baylis, inventr f the clckwrk radi. Baylis runs a cmpany that sets up swimming pls — and he was nce an underwater escaplgist (脱身杂技演员) with a circus. “I say full marks t them if this wrks and can save lives,” he says.
32. The underlined wrd “mnitring” in paragraph 2 is clsest in meaning t “________”.
A. advertisingB. watchingC. maintainingD. training
33. What is required f AI sftware t save a life?
A. It must be able t descend in the water.B. It must be able t videtape every mvement.
C. It can tell a swimmer frm a shadw.D. It can save a life within a few mnths.
34. Hw des Pseidn save a life?
A. It displays the swimmer’s shadw n the screen.
B. It rders an underwater rbt t rescue the drwning swimmer.
C. It watches the pl thrugh dzens f verhead cameras.
D. It warns the lifeguard and tells the swimmer’s spt n a plside screen.
35. Which f the fllwing statements abut Travr Baylis is NOT true?
A. He runs a cmpany.B. He invented the clckwrk radi.
C. He was nce an entertainer.D. He wns a swimming pl.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍Pseidn人工智能防溺水系统，通过摄像头和AI分析识别溺水危险，及时向救生员报警，可挽救生命。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“When a swimmer sinks twards the bttm f the pl, the new system sends an alarm signal t a plside mnitring statin and a lifeguard’s pager. (当游泳者下沉至泳池底部时，这套新型系统会向泳池边的mnitring站以及救生员的寻呼机发送警报信号。)”可知，这里指给监控站和救生员发送警报信号，以便施救，所以猜测mnitring在此处意为“监视；查看”，与watching含义相近。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“T d this reliably, it has t tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadw f smene being cast nt the bttm r side f the pl.(为了可靠运行，该系统必须区分游泳者与投射在泳池底部或池壁上的人影。)”可知，人工智能软件必须能够区分游泳者和影子。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“If s, it alarms the lifeguard, shwing the swimmer’s lcatin n a plside screen.(一旦确认危险，系统会向救生员发出警报，并在泳池旁的屏幕上显示溺水者的位置。)”可知，该系统通过提醒救生员并标注位置来挽救生命。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“One man wh is impressed with the idea is Travr Baylis, inventr f the clckwrk radi. Baylis runs a cmpany that sets up swimming pls— and he was nce an underwater escaplgist (脱身杂技演员) with a circus. (对这一设计理念印象深刻的人之一，是发条收音机的发明者特雷弗・贝利斯。贝利斯经营着一家泳池建造公司，并且他曾经是一名马戏团的水下脱身杂技演员。)”并结合选项可知，ABC项文章均提过，而并未提及他拥有游泳池，D项表述错误。
第二节： (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Negative Effects f Scial Media
Scial media is, arguably, ne f the mst exciting develpments in recent histry. It helps families and friends stay cnnected, ffers a useful tl t lk back n psitive memries, and even helps thse wh are struggling find supprt amng strangers. Despite s many benefits, it has negative effects that yu need t be aware f.
• Reduce Face-t-Face Interactin
When yu are n scial media mre ften, nt nly d yu spend less quality time with peple wh are physically present in yur life, but they will quickly get annyed when yu’re mindlessly brwsing scial media websites instead f paying attentin t them. ____36____ Even best friends may face similar situatin at times.
• Lead t depressin
Accrding t recent studies, the mre peple use scial media, the mre negative feelings they experience, including depressin. ____37____ It has been suggested that these negative feelings and depressive symptms cme frm increased scial cmparisns and a lack f scial interactin caused by spending mre time n scial media.
• Distract Frm Life Gals
____38____ Scial media allws an easy way ut t distract us when we dn’t feel like putting in the hard wrk, and we can end up ging dwn a path where we simply dn’t get things dne because it becmes t easy t find a distractin.
•____39____
Scial media is the easiest way t blck the creative prcess. Surfing scial media sites has a negative effect n the mind. Creativity ften requires intense fcus r a relatively clear, relaxed mind. Scial media gets in the way f bth.
All in all, when used wisely, scial media can be a great way t cnnect with thers when face-t-face interactins are impssible. ____40____
A. Kill Creativity.
B. Decrease sleep time.
C. Achieving gals takes hard wrk and mtivatin.
D. Hwever, it als cunts t avid its negative effects.
E. Als, it’s very clear that privacy and the Internet dn’t mix well.
F. This makes cmmunicatin mre cmplicated and causes misunderstanding.
G. This culd be particularly harmful t peple suffering anxiety and depressin.
【答案】36. F 37. G 38. C 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体的危害。
【36题详解】
上文“When yu are n scial media mre ften, nt nly d yu spend less quality time with peple wh are physically present in yur life, but they will quickly get annyed when yu’re mindlessly brwsing scial media websites instead f paying attentin t them.(当你更频繁地使用社交媒体时，你不仅会花更少的时间与生活中的人相处，而且当你无意识地浏览社交媒体网站而不是关注它们时，他们会很快感到恼火)”说明当人们过度使用社交媒体时，会减少面对面的交流，并且会让身边的人感到恼火。空处承接上文，进一步说明频繁地使用社交媒体时产生的后果。F项中的This指代前文中的“当你更频繁地使用社交媒体时，你不仅会花更少的时间与生活中的人相处”这件事，说明F项“这使得沟通更加复杂，并导致误解。”符合语境。故选F。
【37题详解】
标题“Lead t depressin(导致抑郁)”以及上文“Accrding t recent studies, the mre peple use scial media, the mre negative feelings they experience, including depressin. (根据最近的研究，使用社交媒体的人越多，他们经历的负面情绪就越多，包括抑郁)”说明近期研究表明，社交媒体的使用与更多负面情绪体验，包括抑郁之间存在关联。空处承接上文，进一步说明负面情绪多所造成的后果，G项中的This指代上文中的“the mre negative feelings they experience, including depressin”，“anxiety and depressin”和标题相呼应，说明“这可能对患有焦虑和抑郁的人特别有害。”符合语境。故选G。
【38题详解】
下文“Scial media allws an easy way ut t distract us when we dn’t feel like putting in the hard wrk, and we can end up ging dwn a path where we simply dn’t get things dne because it becmes t easy t find a distractin.(当我们不想投入艰苦的工作时，社交媒体提供了一种简单的方法来分散我们的注意力，我们最终可能会走上一条根本无法完成任务的道路，因为很容易找到分散注意力的方法)”说明社交媒体会分散我们对生活目标的注意力。空处承接标题，引出下文。C项中的“Achieving gals”和标题中的“Life Gals”相呼应，“akes hard wrk and mtivatin”和下文“when we dn’t feel like putting in the hard wrk”相呼应，实现目标需要努力和动力，而社交媒体提供了一种简单的方法来分散我们的注意力。C项“实现目标需要努力和动力。”符合语境。故选C。
【39题详解】
下文“Scial media is the easiest way t blck the creative prcess. Surfing scial media sites has a negative effect n the mind. Creativity ften requires intense fcus r a relatively clear, relaxed mind.(社交媒体是阻止创作过程的最简单方法。浏览社交媒体网站会对大脑产生负面影响。创造力通常需要集中注意力或相对清晰、放松的心态)”说明本段主要是关于社交媒体能够阻止创造力的产生。A项“扼杀创造力”适合作本段的标题。故选A。
【40题详解】
上文“All in all, when used wisely, scial media can be a great way t cnnect with thers when face-t-face interactins are impssible.(总而言之，如果使用得当，当无法进行面对面的互动时，社交媒体可以成为与他人联系的好方法)”说明当无法进行面对面交流时，合理使用社交媒体可以成为连接他人的有效工具。空处和前文形成转折关系，提醒我们在享受社交媒体带来的好处的同时，也要注意规避它的负面影响。D项“然而，这也有助于避免其负面影响。”符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节: (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Preparing fr the Spring Festival, my task was t clear ut the ld study. It felt like a ____41____ husewrk, smething I had t ____42____ quickly. On a shelf, a piece f ____43____ red paper caught my eye. It wasn’t the perfect, shiny “Fu” ____44____ yu can buy nline. It was handwritten, its edges sft, the ink a little uneven (不均) . My grandfather had written it fr the last Spring Festival befre he passed away. I tuched it, memries ____45____ back. Grandpa had said, “This ‘Fu’ brings ____46____. But mre imprtantly, it ____47____ ur hpe fr a gd year ahead.” Back then, I just ndded, nt truly ____48____. I was mre interested in the ____49____ games n my phne. Nw, hlding this simple paper, his wrds finally ____50____.
Tday, we have digital red packets and e-cards, which are quicker and mre ____51____. ____52____, it was the first time that I had felt smething different when hlding Grandpa’s “Fu” in my hand. I realized the beauty f ur traditins desn’t lie in perfect r mdern things but ____53____ these imperfect bjects that hld ur family’s histry, lve, and wishes. They are the real ____54____ f wh we are. I carefully cleaned the paper. In its faded red, I didn’t see smething ld, ____55____ the true, lasting clur f a family’s stry, a quiet bridge frm the past, thrugh the screen-lit present, and right int my hand.
41. A. bringB. rdinaryC. peacefulD. special
42. A. get verB. lk frC. take upD. get thrugh
43. A. fldedB. fadedC. printedD. unemplyed
44. A. evidenceB. characterC. beliefD. impact
45. A. flyingB. breakingC. sweepingD. flding
46. A. luckB. pwerC. humurD. hpe
47. A. replacesB. remindsC. reducesD. represents
48. A. understandingB. trustingC. explringD. admiring
49. A. curiusB. previusC. latestD. regular
50. A. made prgressB. made upC. made senseD. made use f
51. A. diverseB. difficultC. strangeD. cnvenient
52. A. ImprtantlyB. SurprisinglyC. ObviuslyD. Actually
53. A. dresses upB. absrbs inC. belngs tD. sets up
54. A. keepersB. survivrsC. designersD. explrers
55. A. therefreB. butC. thusD. hwever
【答案】41. A 42. D 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. C 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述了春节前夕作者清理老旧书房时，偶然发现祖父生前手写的福字红纸。对比精致的现代年货与数字化节日形式，作者逐渐领悟，传统之美不在于精致新潮，而在于承载亲情、回忆与期许的质朴旧物，这些物件留存着家族温度与文化根脉。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这像是一件无聊的家务，是我必须快速做完的事。A. bring无聊的；B. rdinary普通的；C. peaceful平和的；D. special特别的。根据下文“smething I had t quickly”能看出作者只想快速完成打扫，内心对此事没有兴趣，因此这件家务是枯燥无聊的。
【42题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这像是一件无聊的家务，是我必须快速做完的事。A. get ver克服；B. lk fr寻找；C. take up占据；D. get thrugh完成。根据上文“it felt like a husewrk”以及作者想快速了结打扫这件事的心态可知，get thrugh可以表示完成琐事，贴合语境。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：书架上，一张褪色的红纸吸引了我的目光。A. flded折叠的；B. faded褪色的；C. printed印刷的；D. unemplyed闲置的。根据下文“In its faded red”以及纸张是祖父生前手写、存放已久的背景可知，这张红纸已经褪色。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：它并不是网上能买到的那种精致亮眼的福字。A. evidence证据；B. character文字；C. belief信念；D. impact影响。根据上文“a piece f red paper”及“it was handwritten”可知，此处指代的是福字这一汉字文字，结合生活常识，春节张贴的福属于文字符号。
【45题详解】
考查动词。句意：我抚摸着它，回忆涌上心头。A. flying飞翔；B. breaking破碎；C. sweeping席卷；D. flding涌现。根据下文“Grandpa had said...”可知，作者看到祖父手写的福字，关于祖父的回忆瞬间涌上脑海，fld back为常用搭配，表示回忆、思绪涌现，贴合语境。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：祖父说，这张福字带来好运。A. luck运气；B. pwer力量；C. humur幽默；D. hpe希望。根据下文“it ur hpe fr a gd year ahead”以及传统文化中福字的寓意可知，福字象征着福气与好运。
【47题详解】
考查动词。句意：但更重要的是，它代表着我们对来年美好生活的期许。A. replaces取代；B. reminds提醒；C. reduces减少；D. represents代表。根据上文“this ‘Fu’ brings ”以及下文“ur hpe fr a gd year ahead”可知，这张手写福字代表着家人对来年的美好期盼。
【48题详解】
考查动词。句意：那时我只是点头附和，并没有真正理解其中的含义。A. understanding理解；B. trusting信任；C. explring探索；D. admiring欣赏。根据下文“Nw, hlding this simple paper, his wrds finally ”可知，年少时作者没有真正明白祖父话语的深意，直到如今才领悟。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意：那时我更沉迷于手机上最新的游戏。A. curius好奇的；B. previus先前的；C. latest最新的；D. regular常规的。根据上文“Back then, I just ndded, nt truly ”可知，年少的作者心思不在祖父的话语上，更关注手机上新鲜的娱乐，latest符合语境。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如今握着这张朴素的红纸，我终于听懂了祖父的话，明白了其中的道理。A. made prgress进步；B. made up编造；C. made sense有道理、被理解；D. made use f利用。根据上文“nt truly understanding”以及如今作者的感悟可知，此刻祖父的话语终于被作者理解，有了意义。
【51题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如今我们有电子红包和电子贺卡，更加快捷便利。A. diverse多样的；B. difficult困难的；C. strange奇怪的；D. cnvenient便利的。根据上文“digital red packets and e-cards”以及“quicker”可知，数字化节日方式的优势是快捷、便利。
【52题详解】
考查副词。句意：令人意外的是，手拿祖父手写的福字，我第一次感受到了截然不同的节日感触。A. Imprtantly重要地；B. Surprisingly令人意外地；C. Obviusly明显地；D. Actually事实上。根据上文“digital red packets and e-cards, which are quicker and mre ”可知，现代节日方式便捷高效，而作者却在老旧的手写福字中收获别样感动，这种反差令人意外。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：我意识到传统之美不在于精致新潮的事物，而属于这些承载家族历史、爱意与心愿的质朴旧物。A. dresses up装扮；B. absrbs in专注于；C. belngs t属于；D. sets up建立。根据上文作者拿着祖父手写福字的感悟，以及下文“these imperfect bjects that hld ur family’s histry, lve, and wishes”可知，真正的传统之美属于这些充满温度的旧物件。
【54题详解】
考查名词。句意：它们是我们家族底色与精神内核的真正留存者。A. keepers守护者、留存物；B. survivrs幸存者；C. designers设计者；D. explrers探索者。根据上文“these imperfect bjects that hld ur family’s histry, lve, and wishes”可知，这些老旧物件留存着家族故事与情感，是家族精神与底色的守护者。
【55题详解】
考查连词。句意：在褪色的红纸里，我看到的不是陈旧，而是一个家族故事真挚且长久的底色。A. therefre因此；B. but但是；C. thus因此；D. hwever然而。根据上文“I didn’t see smething ld”以及下文“the true, lasting clur f a family’s stry”可知，此处是转折对比关系，用表示“不是……而是……”，贴合语境。
非选择题部分
第二节：语法填空 (共10小题：每题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first Buy Nthing Day was celebrated in September 1992. In 1997, it ____56____ (change) t the Friday fllwing Thanksgiving in Nvember. Sn after, it gained ____57____ supprt f Adbusters, a Canadian media cmpany questining the ____58____ (imprtant) that cultures give t advertising and shpping. When the grup tried t place cmmercials (广告) n televisin, the nly majr TV netwrk ____59____ accepted them was CNN. Despite these attempts t silence the mvement, it spread t the US, Germany, Japan, and several ther cuntries wrldwide.
Buy Nthing Day challenges peple t avid ____60____ (buy) anything fr 24 hurs. Supprters hpe that during this time, peple will reflect n the need t “have things”, which is pushed by large cmpanies. By getting peple t fcus n what they d have, they can becme mre sympathetic (有同情心的) twards the pr ____61____ peple wh have less than they d.
Anther activity ____62____ (call) the zmbie walk is t shw the way mst peple shp. In this walk, participants walk arund shpping malls like zmbies. If ____63____ (ask) what’s happening, they will educate them abut Buy Nthing Day. Whirl-Mart is anther funny methd f drawing attentin t the purpse f Buy Nthing Day. Peple will take empty shpping carts and frm a line inside a supermarket. Then, they will race thrugh the aisles (通道) ____64____ putting anything in their empty carts. Other supprters celebrate the event by ____65____ (simple) ding ther free activities such as hiking, bicycling, r taking a bat ride. N matter hw ne participates, Buy Nthing Day presents us with an pprtunity t remember that the best things in life are free.
【答案】56. was changed
57. the 58. imprtance
59. that 60. buying
61. and 62. called
63. asked 64. withut
65. simply
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍无消费日的起源发展、活动形式与设立意义，呼吁人们理性消费，反思物质欲望，学会珍惜生活中免费且珍贵的事物。
【56题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：一九九七年，它被改至十一月感恩节之后的星期五。主语it与change为被动关系，时间为过去时间，用一般过去时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。
【57题详解】
考查冠词。句意：不久之后，它获得了加拿大媒体公司Adbusters的支持，该公司质疑文化对广告和购物的重要性。固定搭配gain the supprt f，表示获得……的支持，特指某一对象需用定冠词the。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意：不久之后，它获得了加拿大媒体公司Adbusters的支持，该公司质疑文化对广告和购物的重要性。定冠词the后接名词，imprtant的名词形式为imprtance，作宾语。
【59题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：当该组织尝试在电视上投放广告时，唯一愿意接纳它们的主流电视网只有美国有线电视新闻网。先行词被the nly修饰，关系代词只能用that，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：无消费日倡议人们在二十四小时内不购买任何物品。动词avid后接动名词作宾语，固定用法avid ding sth.。
【61题详解】
考查连词。句意：让人们对贫穷人群以及物质匮乏的人抱有更多同情心。前后两个并列名词群体需用并列连词and连接。
【62题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：另一项名为僵尸行走的活动，用来展现大多数人的购物状态。名词activity与call为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。
【63题详解】
考查状语从句省略。句意：如果被问及正在做什么，他们会向人们普及无消费日的相关知识。从句主语与主句主语一致，且存在被动关系，省略主语与be动词，使用过去分词asked作状语。
【64题详解】
考查介词。句意：人们推着空购物车在超市通道快速穿行，不在车中放置任何商品。结合活动主旨，此处表达没有、不包含的含义，用介词withut。
【65题详解】
考查副词。句意：其他支持者只是通过开展徒步骑行划船等免费活动来庆祝这个节日。此处修饰动词ding，需用副词形式simply。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节：词汇填空 (根据所给的中文提示在空格内填入合适的单词正确形式。共10题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
66. Please ________ (更新) the app t the latest versin fr new features. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】update
【解析】
【详解】句意：请将应用程序更新至最新版本，以获取新功能。该句子是祈使句，根据汉语提示可知，空格处应该用动词原形update。
67. He fught bravely in ________ (保卫) f his cuntry. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】defence##defense
【解析】
【详解】句意：他为保卫自己的国家而英勇战斗。根据汉语提示“保卫”，用固定搭配in defence/defense f，名词作宾语。
68. Yu must ________ (合法地) dwnlad music and mvies frm the Internet. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】legally
【解析】
【详解】句意：你必须合法地从网上下载音乐和电影。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“合法地”应用副词legally，修饰动词dwnlad。
69. The mystery f the ancient ruins still ________ (使困惑) histrians tday. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】puzzles
【解析】
【详解】句意：这些古代遗迹的谜团至今仍使历史学家感到困惑。根据汉语提示“使困惑”，用动词 puzzle；句子主语The mystery为单数，且描述的是现在的状态，时态为一般现在时，因此动词需使用第三人称单数形式puzzles。
70. The ld twn is ________ (围绕) by beautiful muntains. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】surrunded
【解析】
【详解】句意：这座古镇被秀丽的群山环绕。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“围绕”应用动词surrund，且此空应用过去分词形式与前面is构成一般现在时的被动语态。
71. Many English wrds have their ________ (起源) in Latin and Greek. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】rigins
【解析】
【详解】句意：许多英语单词起源于拉丁语和希腊语。根据汉语提示及形容词性物主代词their可知，空处应用名词rigin，表示“起源”，根据句意用复数形式。
72. It tk a lt f ________ (精力) and time t cmplete the marathn. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】energy
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：完成这场马拉松耗费了大量精力和时间。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“精力”应用名词energy，energy表示精力时为不可数名词，符合语境。
73. The schlarship she wn in the English cmpetitin ________ (使能够) her t attend her dream university. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】enabled
【解析】
【详解】句意：她在英语竞赛中获得的奖学金使她能够进入梦想的大学。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“使能够”应用动词enable，作主句谓语动词，陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。
74. Peple began t ________ (聚集) in the square fr the evening cncert. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】gather
【解析】
【详解】句意：人们开始聚集在广场上参加晚间音乐会。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“聚集”应用动词gather，且这里应用动词原形与前面t构成不定式，符合语境。
75. A ________ (典型的) breakfast in this regin includes bread and cffee. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】typical
【解析】
【详解】句意：这个地区的典型早餐包括面包和咖啡。空格处作定语，修饰空格后的名词breakfast，根据汉语提示可知，应该用形容词typical。
第二节：书面表达 (满分25分)
76. 假定你是李华，你校英文报正在开展“Is the Internet Making Us Mre Lnely? ”的讨论。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 表明你的观点 (互联网是否让我们更孤独) ；
2. 阐述你的理由 (至少两点) ；
3. 提出你的建议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Is the Internet Making Us Mre Lnely?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文:
Is the Internet Making Us Mre Lnely?
While the Internet cnnects us digitally, I hld the view that it can indeed make us feel mre lnely if misused.
On ne hand, nline interactins ften lack depth. Scrlling thrugh scial media and sending quick messages replace face-t-face talks, leaving us with superficial cnnectins. On the ther hand, we may spend hurs chatting with strangers nline but ignre family members right beside us, widening the gap between us and thse wh truly care.
T address this issue, it’s imprtant t maintain a healthy balance between ur digital and real-wrld activities. Set aside time fr in-persn gatherings, and use the Internet as a tl t enhance, nt replace, real relatinships. Only in this way can we enjy its cnvenience withut lsing the warmth f human cnnectin.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生就学校英文报正在开展“Is the Internet Making Us Mre Lnely? ”的讨论活动写一篇短文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
代替：replace→take the place f
肤浅的：superficial→shallw
忽略：ignre→neglect
重要的：imprtant→vital/significant
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Scrlling thrugh scial media and sending quick messages replace face-t-face talks, leaving us with superficial cnnectins.
拓展句：Scrlling thrugh scial media and sending quick messages replace face-t-face talks, which leaves us with superficial cnnectins.
【点睛】【高分句型1】While the Internet cnnects us digitally, I hld the view that it can indeed make us feel mre lnely if misused.（运用了that引导的同位语从句和if状语从句的省略）