高考英语 二轮复习专题突破 专题28：虚拟语气与情态动词练习+答案

这是一份高考英语 二轮复习专题突破 专题28：虚拟语气与情态动词练习+答案，共8页。
核【核心知识·深度解读】
教学目标
1. 知识目标：掌握虚拟语气的三种基本时态（与现在/过去/将来相反）；掌握含蓄条件句、名词性从句中的虚拟；掌握情态动词的推测用法（must/can/culd/may/might）和“情态动词+have dne”结构；2. 能力目标：能在语法填空、短文改错中准确识别并运用虚拟语气和情态动词；3. 素养目标：通过语气变化，理解说话者的情感态度。
教学重难点
重点：if条件句虚拟语气的时态倒退；名词性从句中的虚拟（suggest/insist等）；情态动词表推测的层级；难点：含蓄条件句（withut/but fr）；错综时间虚拟语气；情态动词+have dne的区别。
虚拟语气
环节一：课前诊断（3分钟）—— 暴露学生对虚拟语气的陌生感
1. If I ________ (be) yu, I wuld accept the ffer.
2. I wish I ________ (have) mre time t travel last year.
3. He suggested that we ________ (start) earlier.
预设错误及对策： 第1题可能填am → 强调“与现在相反，be动词用were”；第2题可能填have → 强调“与过去相反，用had dne”；第3题可能填started → 强调“suggest后的宾语从句用(shuld)+动词原形”。
环节二：考点精讲
考点1：if条件句虚拟语气（时态倒退）
考点2：省略if的倒装
【高考真题】Were I yu, I wuld g. / Had he arrived earlier, he wuld have caught the train.
【规则】if从句中含有were/had/shuld时，可省略if，将were/had/shuld提前。
考点3：名词性从句中的虚拟语气
【高考真题】I suggest that he (shuld) g t the dctr immediately. (2023全国甲卷)
【规则】表示“建议、命令、要求、坚持”的动词（suggest, advise, recmmend, rder, cmmand, demand, require, request, insist）后的宾语从句，用(shuld)+动词原形。
考点4：含蓄条件句（withut/but fr/therwise）
【高考真题】Withut yur help, I wuld nt have succeeded. (2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
【规则】withut, but fr, therwise等相当于if条件句，需用虚拟语气。
考点5：wish / wuld rather / If nly 后的虚拟
【规则】wish后的从句：与现在相反用did/were；与过去相反用had dne；与将来相反用wuld/culd + d。
当堂训练
1. If I ________ (be) a bird, I wuld fly t yu.
2. If he ________ (study) harder, he wuld have passed the exam.
3. ________ (be) it nt fr yur help, I wuld be in truble.
4. I wish I ________ (knw) the answer nw.
5. She insisted that he ________ (g) t the hspital at nce.
6. Withut water, life ________ (nt exist) n Earth.
7. If nly I ________ (take) yur advice yesterday!
8. It is strange that he ________ (leave) withut saying gdbye.
9. I wuld rather yu ________ (cme) tmrrw than tday.
10. ________ (have) I knwn, I wuld have warned yu.
11. He suggested that the meeting ________ (pstpne).
12. If it ________ (rain) tmrrw, we wuld stay at hme.
13. But fr the strm, we ________ (arrive) earlier.
14. It's time that we ________ (g) t bed.
15. He talked as if he ________ (knw) everything.
情态动词与综合提升
环节五：情态动词精讲
? 考点6：情态动词表推测
考点7：情态动词+have dne（高频）
【高考真题】Yu needn't have cme s early. (本不必来却来了)
【规则】
- must have dne：过去一定做过（肯定推测）
- can't/culdn't have dne：过去不可能做过
- may/might have dne：过去可能做过
- shuld/ught t have dne：本应该做而没做
- shuldn't/ughtn't t have dne：本不该做而做了
- needn't have dne：本不必做而做了
- culd have dne：本来能够做而没做
考点8：情态动词的特殊用法
- shall：用于第二、三人称，表示“允诺、威胁、命令”（Yu shall get a reward.）
- shuld：表示“竟然”（It's strange that he shuld be late.）
- wuld：表示“过去常常”（When I was yung, I wuld g fishing.）
环节六：错题归因
错点1：主从句时态混乱
【错误案例】If I were yu, I will g.（错）→ If I were yu, I wuld g.（正）
【原因分析】与现在相反，主句用wuld/culd/might + d，不用will。
错点2：suggest后的虚拟误用
【错误案例】He suggested that I went t the dctr.（错）→ He suggested that I (shuld) g t the dctr.（正）
【原因分析】suggest表示“建议”时，从句用(shuld)+动词原形；表示“暗示”时用陈述语气。
错点3：情态动词+have dne混淆
【错误案例】He must have finished his wrk, didn't he?（错）→ He must have finished his wrk, hasn't he?（正）
【原因分析】must have dne的反义疑问句，根据完成时的时间状语判断。
环节七：综合运用
【Passage 1 · 航天精神】
If astrnauts ________ (nt have) such strng willpwer, they ________ (nt accmplish) their missins. Withut their dedicatin, China's space prgram ________ (nt achieve) such great success. It is suggested that yung peple ________ (learn) frm their spirit. If nly every student ________ (have) such determinatin! They ________ (must) have faced cuntless challenges, yet they never gave up.
【Passage 2 · 人工智能与未来】
If AI ________ (develp) t fast withut ethical guidelines, it ________ (cause) serius prblems. Sme experts insist that regulatins ________ (establish) as sn as pssible. Withut prper supervisin, AI ________ (may) g ut f cntrl. But fr these cncerns, we ________ (already) fully embrace AI. We ________ (ught) t balance innvatin with respnsibility.
【Passage 3 · 文化遗产保护】
If the digital preservatin prject ________ (nt be) launched, many murals ________ (already disappear). Withut this technlgy, future generatins ________ (nt appreciate) Dunhuang's treasures. It is vital that we ________ (cntinue) these effrts. We ________ (can) have achieved s much withut internatinal cperatin. The heritage ________ (must) be prtected at all csts.
环节八：课后作业与教学反思
分层作业：
A层（基础）：整理虚拟语气的时态表格和情态动词+have dne的用法，完成教材配套练习。
B层（提升）：用虚拟语气和情态动词各造3个句子，并尝试在作文中使用含蓄条件句。
C层（拓展）：阅读一篇科技评论，找出文中所有的虚拟语气和情态动词，分析其表达的语气。
参考答案
当堂训练答案
1. were 2. had studied 3. Were 4. knew 5. (shuld) g 6. wuld nt exist 7. had taken 8. (shuld) leave 9. came 10. Had 11. (shuld) be pstpned 12. were t rain/shuld rain 13. wuld have arrived 14. went/(shuld) g 15. knew/had knwn
综合运用答案
Passage 1: didn't have, wuldn't accmplish, wuld nt have achieved, (shuld) learn, had, must
Passage 2: develped, wuld cause, (shuld) be established, might, wuld have already, ught t
Passage 3: had nt been, wuld have already disappeared, wuld nt appreciate, (shuld) cntinue, culd nt, must时间
从句
主句
例句
与现在相反
did / were
wuld/culd/might + d
If I were yu, I wuld g.
与过去相反
had dne
wuld/culd/might + have dne
If I had knwn, I wuld have helped.
与将来相反
did / were t / shuld + d
wuld/culd/might + d
If it shuld rain, we wuld cancel.
肯定推测
must
must be / must have dne
一定
可能推测
may
may be / may have dne
可能（可能性较低）
might
might be / might have dne
或许（可能性更低）
否定推测
can't
can't be / can't have dne
不可能
culdn't
culdn't be / culdn't have dne
不可能（语气稍弱）