专题16 阅读理解（复习课件）（全国通用） 2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练

这是一份专题16 阅读理解（复习课件）（全国通用） 2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练，共45页。PPT课件主要包含了析·考情目标，二轮·讲练，析·考情目标，筑·专题框架，攻·重难考点，测·预测闯关等内容，欢迎下载使用。
真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨
解读中考考情，研究命题规律，预测考试方向
构建专题框架，强化整体感知，建立系统思维
真题动向 洞察中考命题情境，探究命题内在规律核心提炼 提炼必备知识技能，筑牢应试能力根基易错警示/技巧点拨 警示易错点，点拨解题技巧， 提升复习效率，巩固知识掌握。
Passage1（2025·山东聊城·中考真题）
1．Yu can visit Hngkun Museum f Fine Art every day EXCEPT ________.A．MndayB．WednesdayC．FridayD．Sunday2．Where is Sifang Art Museum?A．In Xi’an.B．In Suzhu.C．In Beijing.D．In Nanjing.3．One can ________ in Tangb Art Museum.A．learn sculptureB．learn paper-cutC．shw his wrksD．visit Lin Fengmian’s artwrks4．When did Six Arts Museum pen?A．In 2000.B．In 2014.C．In 2018.D．In 2020.5．Which museum has the lngest pening hurs n Tuesday?A．Six Arts Museum.B．Sifang Art Museum.C．Tangb Art Museum.D．Hngkun Museum f Fine Art.
10:00 am—6:00 pm
Passage 2（2025·山东东营·中考真题）What is ging n in Guangming Junir High Schl in June? Here are 4 ntices n the schl nticebard.
6．When is the best time t visit the psychlgy teachers?A．At 2: 30 p. m.B．At 3: 00 p. m.C．At 4: 30 p. m.D．At 5: 00 p. m.7．If Li Hng wants t learn abut paper cutting, where shuld she g?A．The schl hall.B．The schl reading rm.C．Rm 205, Science Building.D．The third flr f the Main Building.8．If Wang Gang is interested in DIY, what shuld he d?A．Call Ms. Han.B．Talk t Ms. Wang.C．Call Mr. Zhang.D．E-mail [email protected]．Which f the fllwing can help yu relax accrding t this passage?①Listening t music.        ②Creating paper cutting.③Playing with nienie.        ④Organizing bks.A．①②B．③④C．②③D．①③10．What kind f students can help in the reading rm?A．Students wh have emtinal challenges.B．Students wh are patient and respnsible.C．Students wh are interested in Chinese culture.D．Students wh want t turn their ideas int real bjects.
Passage 3（2025·山东东营·中考真题）
Once there was a beautiful big red wagn in the windw f a ty stre. Billy and Gerge ften came t the stre windw t lk at the tys. Amng them, the bys liked the red wagn best.“I have gt many tys, but I wish I had that wagn,” said Billy. “I culd use it fr s many things.”“I wish it were mine,” said Gerge. “I wuld play with it all day.”One day Gerge’s mther called, “I need sme butter. Will yu g t the stre fr me?”“Wait a minute, Mm,” said Gerge. “I want t play fr a while.” But he had such a gd time that he frgt all abut ging t the stre.The very same day Billy’s mther said, “Billy, I need sme vegetables and fruits frm the stre. Will yu get them fr me, please?” “Yes, Mm,” answered Billy. “I’ll g right nw.”When Billy went past Gerge’s huse, Gerge called, “Cme here, Billy. Let’s play tgether.”“I can’t stp nw,” answered Billy. “I’ll play with yu after I cme back.”
That evening Billy helped his father clean up the leaves. They put them tgether, carried them t the garden and burned them.“I culd d mre wrk,” said Billy, “if I had a big red wagn.”Gerge’s father was cleaning up leaves, t. He needed a helper, but Gerge was in the park playing ball.The tw bys wuld ften meet at the ty stre. One day when they saw the big red wagn, it had a green card that said SOLD n it. The bys walked hme slwly. They felt sad. They wndered wh wuld get it.Next mrning Billy’s mther called, “Billy! Wake up! Wake up!”Billy pened his eyes. He saw smething in his rm that made him cmpletely awake.There was the big red wagn! It had a card n it, but this ne did nt say SOLD．It said, “Happy Birthday t a gd helper wh needs a red wagn.”
11．Why did Billy want the red wagn?A．It was beautiful.B．He culd play with it all day.C．He wanted mre tys.D．He culd d many things with it.12．What did Gerge like ding accrding t the stry?A．Playing.B．Buying tys.C．Ging shpping.D．Cleaning up the leaves.13．What d yu think f Billy?A．Plite.B．Friendly.C．Helpful.D．Creative.14．Why did Billy’s parents buy him the red wagn?A．They thught it was useful.B．They knew Billy needed it.C．They thught it was a great ty.D．Billy asked his parents fr it.15．What’s the best title f the stry?A．A red wagnB．A nice wishC．Billy and GergeD．The wise parents
主要围绕Billy对红色手推车的渴望以及最终得到它的故事展开
Passage 4（2025·山东济南·中考真题）
When I was a kid, my tw brthers and I wuld stay with Grandparents fr a week during summer vacatin. We always lked frward t spending every mment with them, especially Grandpa, the “her” in ur eyes.Grandpa became blind when he was 20 years ld, but it never slwed dwn the strng-willed (坚强的) man. He wrked in a shp every day. Custmers wuld give him mney, and he wuld return the right change and give them exactly what they wanted. He had many friends wh visited the shp just t talk t him, and at that time, I helped t hand custmers their drinks and snacks. This made me feel grwn-up.He als cked lunch and washed dishes while Grandma wrked. As a by, I wuld watch him mve arund the huse frm rm t rm as if he culd see. I was s surprised abut hw he mved frm cking t washing the dishes, never making a mistake.It seemed like every time I stayed with him, we wuld visit smene in the evening wh was weak r very sick. Althugh he can’t see things, he never let it stp him frm wrking and being kind t thers. His lve fr peple never ended.During thse weeks, he taught me many lessns that I still treasure tday. They take me back t thse days and remind me hw special he was. I miss every mment I stayed with him. T this day, I still dislike hearing smene say, “I can’t d that,” because I knew a blind man wh never said thse wrds.
16．What can we learn abut Grandpa?A．He had few friends.B．He lived like a nrmal persn.C．He had many hbbies.D．He became blind at 25 years ld.17．Which f the fllwing best describes Grandpa?A．Active but shy.B．Strng-willed and caring.C．Kind but strict.D．Warm-hearted and humrus.18．What des the underlined phrase “thse days” in the last paragraph refer t?A．The time with Grandpa.B．The time with the friends.C．The time with the brthers.D．The time with the neighbrs.19．What lessn des the writer learn frm Grandpa?A．Family is imprtant.B．We shuld wrk hard.C．Anything is pssible.D．We shuld help the blind.20．Where is the text prbably taken frm?A．A strybk.B．A film review.C．A guidebk.D．A science magazine.
主要介绍作者童年时与失明但坚强的祖父共度的时光以及从中获得的感悟
一、应用文题型和考查角度：1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。2.中频考点：数字计算题；3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。细节理解题方法1：线索句定位法（直接信息题） 所谓线索句，就是为我们提供正确答案的线索，对线索句的精准定位，是阅读高分的秘诀。 首先，英语阅读的试题顺序往往对应着段落顺序，按照出题顺序，依次往下找，就能迅速定位到段落；其次，定位到段后，粗略对比，迅速找到与试题所给句子中单词/短语重复较多的目标句；最后，将目标句与试题选项的句子仔细比对，找出区别，逐个排除错误项，定位答案。方法2：间接信息法第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。
方法3：数字计算法第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；第二步：速读定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落；第三步：进行推算，得出答案。解题原则：文章中直接给出来相关数据，要经过具体的对比、分析、计算才能够得出答案。方法4：细节排除法第一步：审读题干和四个选项的内容；第二步：利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围；第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，缩小范围；如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。解题原则：采用“首尾定位法”，先根据第一个事件和最后一个事件缩小范围，再根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。
推理判断应用文的推理判断有几种：①文章出处判定法，就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、网络等。主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。②逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。
二、记叙文1.细节理解题第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。解题原则：对原文中能直接排除的进行筛选，不能直接找到的多处相关信息进行整合转换。2.推理判断推理判断题是中考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
2.推理判断推理判断题是中考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。解题指导：浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。
3.观点态度锁定关键词：根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），disagree（不同意），hpefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favr f（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。解题指导：认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点注意作者或文中人物的措辞分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；牢记观点态度的常见词语
4.写作意图锁定关键词：根据题干关键词purpse（目的），intend t（打算），want t tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage t（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。解题指导：根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图；根据文体推断写作意图记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（t tell a stry, t entertain readers, t share an experience...）
解题技巧 ：1.定位文中画线处上下文。2.理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。猜测划线单词意思1. 根据定义推测词义：有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, r, namely, in ther wrds, that is t say, t be mre exact, t put it anther way, which is等。2. 根据举例推测词义：有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, , fr example, fr instance, like , including, especially等。3. 根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead, similarly, n the cntrary, in cntrast t等。
4. 根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。5. 根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。6. 根据因果关系推测词义：因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, fr , s, therefre, due t, result in, as a result, fr this reasn, , 等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
猜测划线代词意思定关键：返回原文，找到指代词，理清句子结构。找替代：根据上下文，寻找复合逻辑关系的名词、代词、短语或句子等。再核对：比较选项，找出与符合逻辑的选项。 一般来说，it/this/that指代一件事； it/he/them/they/ne/thse指代上文提到的人或事。6.主旨大意题型和考查角度：主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。命题方式：What is the text mainly abut?What is the best title fr the text?What can be a suitable title fr the text?What's the mainly abut?What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/.. paragraph?
根据位置确定主题句:（1）主题句在文首文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。作者在首段常常亮出观点、表明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句,所以要认真阅读文章首句。（2）主题句在文末有的主题句放在文章的末尾,先摆出事实细节，最后总结, 从而形成强有力的结论, 要求考生耐心地读完全文。有时主题句首尾呼应，开篇先提出主题，结尾再次升华主题。三大方法：① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；② 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；③ 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。
（三）说明文1.推理判断题说明文中的推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题，要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理,推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势。解答该类型题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。进行推断时,要据文推理、不可脱离原文主观臆断。说明文的细节理解题常在下列处命题列举处：如first(1y)、secnd(1y)、third(1y)finally、nt nly„but als、then、in additin等表示顺承关系的词处常命题。例证处，如as、such as、fr example、fr instance等词处常命题。在转折或对比处，如hwever、but、yet、while、in fact、unlike、until、nt s much…as等词处常命题。4.在长难句处，主要考查考生对复杂句中的语法关系、指代关系和整体句意的理解能力。
2.词义猜测题说明文常出现一些反映现代科技的生词，常以科学新发明、新创造、人们对社会热点话题名词的理解态度等为题点命制试题，解题时一定要认真阅读原文，分析画线词上下句围绕对该科学新发明、新创造、 热点话题所给的是如何解释、如何定义的，在此基础上根据长难句的逻辑意义推理概括出生词词义。3.主旨大意题说明文文章大意题考查考生对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。通常说明文的主旨大意会在第一关开篇点题或者第一段抛砖引玉，第二段点题。或者在文章结尾段点明主旨。
（四）议论文 结构特点：议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，重点考查考生的思维能力和判断能力，常用难词、长词和复杂句，给阅读理解带来一定的难度。夹叙夹议类文章主要有三种类型: 1.先叙述作者的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。2. 作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。3. 提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。高分技巧双管齐下法：从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。关注标志词：句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。
表示列举的词:fr example, fr instance;表罗列的词:first，secnd, third， t begin with，t cnclude;表转折: hwever, but;表原因: because, since，as;表结果:s，therefre, thus, as a result;表对照:n the cntrary, by cntrast;表目的: s that， in rder that等。标志词就像指路牌一样，指明作者思路发展的方向和思路之间的逻辑联系。标志词前后的信息往往都是命题和答题的主要线索或依据，因此，识别标志词对考生更快、更好地理解文章具有举足轻重的作用。把握长难句：议论文中的长难句常是命题点。遇到长难句，不可慌乱，耐心拆解出主干部分，再依次定位其修饰语，如定语、状语等，便可化繁为简，读懂句意。
立足考情考法，聚焦热点难点，强化知识记忆
Passage 1 （2026·山西太原·一模）
1．When will this cmmunity event take place?A．This Friday afternn.B．This Saturday mrning.C．Next Saturday mrning.2．Hw many peple can take part in the activity?A．At mst frty.B．At least frty.C．At mst fifty.3．Why d peple need t call Lucy befre the event?A．T bk a place.B．T get mint il.C．T buy sme tls.4．What is the right rder f the steps?A．③→①→②→④B．②→①→③→④C．③→②→④→①5．What is the main purpse f the passage?A．T intrduce an activity.B．T recmmend a prduct.C．T reprt the success f an activity.
介绍了社区制作薄荷油的活动时间、地点、注意事项，并附上了自制步骤
Passage 4（2026·河北邯郸·一模）
This week we learned abut pllutin. I never knew that rubbish was s interesting.On Tuesday, all f ur classmates cleaned up the schl yard. We tk bags and picked up bttles, paper and ther rubbish. It was great t see everyne wrking tgether.Later that day, Brian, Danny and I went fr a walk arund ur neighburhd. When we saw rubbish, we picked it up. Danny fund a used ty car with ne brken wheel. He tk it hme, cleaned it and fixed it by himself.On Wednesday, we srted ur schl’s rubbish crrectly. We put n glves and divided the rubbish int different kinds: glass, metal, plastic, paper and everything else. Mst f the rubbish was paper. Peple wasted a lt f paper! There was less plastic than paper and mre plastic than metal. There was the least amunt f glass.Tday is the furth day. Danny made a car ut f rubbish! He used a big bx fr the bdy and pieces f wd fr the seats. It was great!Later this mnth, we will g n a class trip t the city rubbish center. Thusands f tns f rubbish are sent there every day. We will see the wrkers srt all f ur rubbish. Rubbish is harmful t ur envirnment. I am nly ne persn, but if I d my part, the earth will becme a cleaner and safer place. If each f us des smething fr the envirnment, all f us will have a better life. Let’s take actin frm nw n!
16．What did all f the students d n Tuesday?A．They cleaned up the schl yard.B．They went fr a walk in the park.C．They srted the rubbish.D．They went n a class trip.17．Wh fixed a used ty car?A．Brian.B．Danny.C．The writer.D．The writer’s brther.18．What was wasted the mst in the schl: plastic, paper, metal r glass?A．Metal.B．Plastic.C．Paper.D．Glass.19．In which part f the newspaper might the passage be?A．Histry.B．News.C．Weather.D．Envirnment.
全文围绕环境污染和环保行动展开，属于环境主题