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上海五四制 牛津沪教版八年级下册英语 期中复习核心考点(知识点)
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核心词汇(必考+拓展)
课标核心词(必须掌握,词性+词义+用法)
self-expressin n. 自我表达(不可数名词)
用法:常与介词f搭配,如the self-expressin f feelings(情感的自我表达)
例句:Art is a way f self-expressin fr many peple.
creativity n. 创造力(不可数名词)
拓展:creative adj. 有创造力的;creatively adv. 有创造力地
例句:Painting can help develp children’s creativity.
require v. 需要;依靠(及物动词)
用法:require sth.(需要某物);require t d sth.(需要做某事);require that+从句(要求……,从句用虚拟语气shuld+动词原形,shuld可省略)
例句:This jb requires patience and care. / The rules require us t wear unifrms.
paint v. 绘画;n. 颜料
拓展:painter n. 画家;painting n. 绘画作品
例句:She likes t paint flwers in her free time. / He bught a bx f paint yesterday.
landscape n. 风景;景色(可数名词)
搭配:landscape painting 山水画(对应课文中Fan Kuan的《溪山行旅图》)
例句:The landscape in the cuntryside is very beautiful.
master n. 能手;大师;v. 掌握
搭配:a master f... ……的大师;master a skill 掌握一项技能
例句:Fan Kuan was a master f landscape painting. / It takes time t master English.
vivid adj. 生动的;逼真的
用法:修饰名词(如vivid pictures/scenes),常用s vivid that... 结构(对应语法重点)
例句:The artist drew a vivid picture f the farmer.
peaceful adj. 安静的;宁静的
拓展:peace n. 和平;peacefully adv. 宁静地
例句:We enjyed a peaceful afternn in the park.
短语搭配(高频考点,必考默写+运用)
cme acrss (偶然)遇见,碰见,发现(课文原句考点)
例句:He came acrss a stranger when he was walking in the muntains.
prefer ... t ... 更喜欢……而不是……(注意:t是介词,后接名词/动名词)
例句:She prefers painting t singing.
rather than 而不是(连接两个并列成分,前后形式一致)
例句:He chse t stay at hme rather than g ut.
in return 作为回报(课文原句:Fan painted a picture fr the farmer in return.)
be scared f 害怕……(同义:be afraid f)
例句:The child is scared f dark.
light up 使……变亮;(脸上)露出笑容(拓展考点)
例句:The smile n her face lit up the rm.
拓展词汇(阅读/写作加分词)
drama n. 戏剧;acting n. 表演;pttery n. 陶器
sculpture n. 雕塑;sculptr n. 雕塑家;scissrs n. (pl.)剪刀
harmny n. 融洽;和谐(搭配:in harmny with 与……和谐相处)
核心句型(必考句型+语境运用)
s ... that ... 如此……以至于……(结果状语从句,语法重点)
结构:① s + 形容词/副词 + that ... ② s + many/few + 可数名词复数 + that ... ③ s + much/little + 不可数名词 + that ...
课文原句:Everything in the picture was s vivid that the farmer was shcked.
仿写:He is s tall that he can reach the tp f the shelf. / There are s few bks that we can’t read them all.
It is/was such a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that ... 如此……的……以至于……(同义替换,易错点)
例句:It was such a vivid picture that the farmer was shcked.(与课文原句同义转换)
宾语从句(that引导,基础入门,为U4-U6铺垫)
课文原句:Fan tld him that it was a gift frm the muntains.
注意:that可省略,主句为过去时,从句也用过去相关时态(时态一致)。
Wh/Whever + 从句,主句(引导主语从句,课文拓展)
课文原句:Whever cmes t the muntains will feel the beauty f nature.
•5. 邀请类句型(口语/写作考点)
He invited Fan t his hme and gave him smething t eat.
结构:invite sb. t + 地点/d sth. 邀请某人去某地/做某事
核心语法(必考重点,附易错点)
状语从句(结果状语从句)—— s ... that ... & such ... that ...
核心用法(必须区分,高频考点)
易错点辨析
易错1:s和such的位置混淆——s修饰形容词/副词,such修饰名词(短语)
错误:It is s an interesting bk. 正确:It is such an interesting bk. / It is s interesting a bk.(特殊用法:s + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数)
易错2:little的双重含义——little(少的,修饰不可数名词)/ little(小的,修饰可数名词)
例句:He has s little mney that he can’t buy fd.(少的)/ It is such a little dg that it can fit in my hand.(小的)
易错3:that可省略(口语中),但书面语中建议保留,避免语法错误。
阅读核心考点(课文重点+题型技巧)
课文重点(Fan Kuan相关,必考细节题)
人物信息:Fan Kuan(范宽),a great landscape painter f the Sng Dynasty(宋朝著名山水画家)。
核心事件:Fan Kuan met a farmer in the muntains, was invited t his hme, and painted a vivid picture fr him in return.
绘画理念:He believed that t understand nature, yu had t tuch it, smell it and listen t it.(他认为要理解自然,必须触摸、感受、聆听自然)
关键细节:The painting’s details (farmer, trees, muntains) were s vivid that the farmer was shcked; Fan said his painting was a gift frm the muntains.
阅读题型技巧(适配上海中考阅读题型)
细节理解题:定位关键词(Fan Kuan, painting, farmer, muntains),从原文中找对应信息,注意同义替换(如shcked = surprised)。
推理判断题:根据原文信息推断(如Fan Kuan was mdest because he said he needed t learn frm nature.),不主观臆断。
主旨大意题:本文核心是介绍Fan Kuan的绘画理念和一次偶然的经历,体现艺术与自然的联系。
写作核心考点(话题+模板+加分句)
写作话题:My Favurite Wrk f Art(介绍自己最喜欢的艺术品)
写作模板(直接套用,适配课文D部分要求)
My favurite wrk f art is [作品名称], created by [艺术家]. It was created in [时间]. The wrk presents [描述细节:场景、人物、颜色等]. Sme [人物/事物] are [动作/状态], and thers are [动作/状态]. It is s [形容词] that [感受/想法]. I lve it because [原因:体现作品的意义、自己的感受]. D yu like it t?
加分句(结合本单元词汇/语法)
The wrk is s vivid that it makes me feel as if I were in the picture.
It is such a wnderful wrk f art that it attracts many peple’s attentin.
The artist used his creativity t shw the beauty f nature thrugh this wrk.
I think this wrk is a perfect way f self-expressin fr the artist.
Unit 2 Great Inventins and Discveries
核心词汇(必考+拓展)
课标核心词(必须掌握,词性+词义+用法)
discvery n. 发现;发觉(可数名词)
拓展:discver v. 发现;discver sth. / discver that从句
例句:The discvery f X-rays changed the wrld f medicine. / Clumbus discvered America in 1492.
ancient adj. 古代的;古老的
搭配:ancient inventins 古代发明;ancient civilizatins 古代文明
例句:Paper-making is ne f the greatest ancient inventins in China.
inventin n. 发明;发明物(可数名词)
拓展:invent v. 发明;inventr n. 发明家
例句:The telephne is a great inventin. / Edisn invented the light bulb.
by accident 偶然;意外地(短语副词,作状语)
例句:Penicillin was discvered by accident.
treat v. 医治;治疗;对待;n. 款待
用法:treat sb. well/badly(对待某人好/不好);treat a disease(治疗疾病);treat sb. t sth.(款待某人某物)
例句:Dctrs use penicillin t treat serius illnesses. / She treated me t a cup f cffee.
serius adj. 严重的;严肃的
拓展:seriusly adv. 严重地;认真地(搭配:take sth. seriusly 认真对待某事)
例句:He has a serius illness. / Please take this matter seriusly.
medical adj. 医学的;医疗的
搭配:medical bks 医书;medical care 医疗护理;medical research 医学研究
例句:Tu Yuyu read a lt f ancient medical bks t find the medicine.
vlunteer v. 自愿做;义务做;n. 志愿者
用法:vlunteer t d sth. 自愿做某事
例句:Tu Yuyu vlunteered t test the medicine n herself.
短语搭配(高频考点,必考默写+运用)
t ne’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是(课文原句:T his surprise, the muld seemed t stp the bacteria arund it frm grwing.)
用法:t ne’s + 情感名词(surprise, jy, disappintment),放句首,后用逗号隔开。
例句:T my jy, I passed the English exam.
turn ... int ... 使……变成……(课文原句:Other scientists turned penicillin int life-saving medicine.)
例句:We can turn water int ice in cld weather.
stp ... frm ding sth. 阻止……做某事(同义:prevent ... frm ding sth. / keep ... frm ding sth.)
例句:The rain stpped us frm ging ut.
keep in tuch 保持联系(课文拓展:We can keep in tuch with friends thrugh the Internet.)
light up 使……变亮;启发(课文原句:Finally, ne line lit up an idea fr her.)
be awarded sth. 被授予某物(课文原句:Röntgen was awarded the Nbel Prize.)
拓展词汇(阅读/写作加分词)
explratin n. 探索;勘查;explre v. 探索
ecnmy n. 经济;ecnmic adj. 经济的;ecnmist n. 经济学家
material n. 材料;原料;life-saving adj. 救命的
tube n. 管子;X-ray n. X射线;bne n. 骨头
核心句型(必考句型+语境运用)
感叹句(What/Hw引导,语法重点)
结构1:What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
课文原句:What an amazing discvery! / What inspiring wrds they are!
结构2:What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
例句:What wnderful inventins they are! / What imprtant medical research it is!
结构3:Hw + 形容词/副词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
课文原句:Hw encuraging! / Hw carefully she did the experiment!
被动语态(基础入门,课文高频出现)
课文原句:X-rays were sn widely used in hspitals. / Penicillin was discvered by Alexander Fleming.
结构:主语 + be (am/is/are/was/were) + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者)
宾语从句(时态一致,延续U1,铺垫后续单元)
课文原句:He learned that the light can pass thrugh bjects.(主句过去时,从句为客观真理,用一般现在时)
目的状语从句(基础铺垫,核心:s that/in rder that)
例句:She read a lt f medical bks s that she culd find a medicine fr malaria.
核心语法(必考重点,附易错点)
感叹句(What/Hw引导)
核心用法(必须区分,高频考点)
易错点辨析
易错1:What和Hw的选择——看中心词:中心词是名词,用What;中心词是形容词/副词,用Hw。
错误:Hw a clever by he is! 正确:What a clever by he is! / Hw clever the by is!
易错2:a/an的用法——What后接可数名词单数时,形容词为辅音音素开头用a,元音音素开头用an。
错误:What an useful inventin! 正确:What a useful inventin!(useful以辅音音素/ju:/开头)
易错3:感叹句的语序——What/Hw开头,后接中心词,再跟主语和谓语,句尾用感叹号。
易错4:省略主语和谓语——当主语和谓语是it is/they are时,可省略。
例句:What a beautiful picture (it is)! / Hw wnderful (it is)!
阅读核心考点(课文重点+题型技巧)
课文重点(三大发现,必考细节题)
X-rays(X射线)—— 发现者:Wilhelm Cnrad Röntgen(德国科学家)
关键细节:偶然发现(green light frm the tubes),能穿透物体,首次看到人手骨骼;被广泛用于医院,Röntgen被授予诺贝尔奖。
Penicillin(青霉素)—— 发现者:Alexander Fleming(英国科学家)
关键细节:偶然发现(度假归来发现培养皿上的霉菌阻止细菌生长);后来被制成救命药,改变医学进程。
Qinghasu(青蒿素)—— 发现者:Tu Yuyu(中国科学家)
关键细节:为治疗疟疾而研究,从古代医书中获得灵感,用低温法提取有效成分;自愿试药,拯救数百万人生命,被称为“中医药给世界的礼物”。
阅读题型技巧
细节理解题:定位关键词(X-rays, penicillin, qinghasu, 发现者名字),注意时间、事件、结果的对应(如1895年发现X射线,1928年发现青霉素)。
推理判断题:根据科学家的行为推断品质(如Tu Yuyu’s perseverance, Fleming’s carefulness, Röntgen’s curisity)。
词义猜测题:结合上下文猜测生词(如muld“霉菌”,bacteria“细菌”,malaria“疟疾”,可通过语境推断词义)。
写作核心考点(话题+模板+加分句)
写作话题:The Mst Useful Inventin in My View(我认为最有用的发明)
写作模板(直接套用,适配课文D部分要求)
Fr me, the mst useful inventin is [发明名称]. It is useful fr many reasns. First, it [原因1:功能/影响]. I can [具体例子1] thrugh it. Besides, it [原因2:功能/影响]. It helps peple [具体例子2]. What’s mre, it [原因3:功能/影响], which makes ur life [感受]. Hw great it is! In shrt, I believe the [发明名称] is f great help t peple’s life.
加分句(结合本单元词汇/语法)
What a useful inventin it is! It has changed ur lives in many ways.
This inventin was invented by [发明家], and it was widely used all ver the wrld sn after its inventin.
Withut this inventin, ur life wuld be s difficult that we culdn’t d many things easily.
It is such an imprtant inventin that it has changed the curse f human histry.
Unit 3 Mney
核心词汇(必考+拓展)
课标核心词(必须掌握,词性+词义+用法)
mall n. 购物商场;购物广场(可数名词)
搭配:shpping mall 购物中心;in the mall 在商场里
例句:I went shpping with my mum in the mall last Saturday.
sale n. 出售;特价销售(可数/不可数名词)
搭配:n sale 降价销售;summer sale 夏季促销;fr sale 待售
课文原句:It means this stre is ffering discunts n its prducts during the summer seasn.
payment n. 支付;付款(不可数名词)
拓展:pay v. 支付;pay fr sth. 为某物付款
搭配:methds f payment 支付方式;cash payment 现金支付
例句:We can chse different methds f payment in the mall.
dnate v. (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠,赠送(及物动词)
用法:dnate sth. t sb./sth. 向……捐赠某物
拓展:dnatin n. 捐赠
例句:He dnated 3,000 punds t the cmmunity centre.
save v. 节省;储蓄;拯救
用法:save mney 存钱;save time 节省时间;save sb./sth. 拯救某人/某物
课文原句:Shpping at a discunt stre is a great way t buy cheap things and save mney.
budget v. 做预算;n. 预算
用法:budget fr sth. 为某物做预算;make a budget 做预算
例句:We need t budget ur pcket mney wisely.
independent adj. 独立的;自主的
拓展:independently adv. 独立地;independence n. 独立
例句:Managing pcket mney can help us becme mre independent.
respnsible adj. 负责的;负责任的
用法:be respnsible fr sth. 对某事负责
拓展:respnsibility n. 责任
例句:We shuld be respnsible fr ur wn spending.
短语搭配(高频考点,必考默写+运用)
save mney 存钱;save up fr sth. 为某物存钱(课文原句:My parents say I need t learn t save s that I can buy bigger things in the future.)
waste mney 浪费钱(课文原句:Yu wasted yur mney when yu bught s much chclate.)
earn mney 赚钱(拓展:earn ne’s living 谋生)
dnate sth. t sb./sth. 向……捐赠某物(课文原句:He kindly dnated 3,000 punds t the cmmunity centre’s prgrammes.)
in shrt / in a wrd 总之;简而言之(写作收尾常用)
mess up 出错;搞砸(课文原句:If we mess up, we’ll learn frm it and get better at managing mney.)
accunt fr (数量上、比例上)占(阅读/写作数据描述常用)
例句:Fd accunts fr nly 10% f students’ spending.
even if 即使;纵然(让步状语从句,拓展考点)
例句:Even if we have much pcket mney, we shuldn’t waste it.
拓展词汇(阅读/写作加分词)
ecnmics n. 经济学;ecnmist n. 经济学家;sciety n. 社会
trade v. 交换;n. 贸易;gds n. (pl.)商品;货品
exchange n. 交换;sample n. 样品;saying n. 谚语;格言
percentage n. 百分率;百分比;pie chart n. 饼状图
核心句型(必考句型+语境运用)
目的状语从句(s that / in rder that,语法重点)
结构:主句 + s that / in rder that + 从句(从句用can/culd/will/wuld + 动词原形)
课文原句:Parents shuld give us pcket mney regularly s that we can learn t manage it. / I saved my pcket mney s that I culd buy a gift fr Grandma.
仿写:We shuld study hard s that we can get gd grades. / She gt up early in rder that she wuldn’t be late.
宾语从句(延续前两单元,新增whether/if引导的一般疑问句宾语从句,铺垫U5)
例句:I wnder whether/if we shuld spend pcket mney n entertainment.
数据描述句型(阅读/写作必考,适配课文D部分调查报告)
课文原句:They spend a higher percentage f their mney n bks, pens and paper than anything else-46%. / Fd accunts fr nly 10%.
拓展:① ...% f ... + 谓语动词(单数/复数,取决于f后的名词)
② A higher percentage f ... than ... ③ ... makes up just ...%
观点表达句型(口语/写作重点,课文B部分)
• I think / I dn’t think ... ② In my pinin, ... ③ In shrt / In a wrd, ...
例句:In my pinin, parents shuld help us manage ur pcket mney.
核心语法(必考重点,附易错点)
状语从句(目的状语从句)—— s that / in rder that
核心用法(必须区分,高频考点)
含义:引导目的状语从句,表示“为了……”“以便……”,说明主句动作的目的。
结构:
主句 + s that + 从句(从句用can/culd/will/wuld + 动词原形)
主句 + in rder that + 从句(用法与s that基本一致,更正式)
例句:
He studies hard s that he can pass the exam.(现在时,用can)
She saved mney s that she culd buy a new bike.(过去时,用culd)
We set ut early in rder that we wuld have mre time t shp.(过去时,用wuld)
易错点辨析
易错1:s that vs s ... that ... —— s that 表目的(为了……),s ... that ... 表结果(如此……以至于……)
例句:He studies hard s that he can pass the exam.(目的)/ He studies s hard that he passed the exam.(结果)
易错2:in rder that 与 in rder t d sth. 的转换——两者都表目的,in rder t d sth. 是不定式结构,可转换。
例句:She saved mney in rder that she culd buy a bike. = She saved mney in rder t buy a bike.
易错3:that的省略——s that中的that可省略(口语中),in rder that中的that不可省略。
错误:She saved mney in rder she culd buy a bike. 正确:She saved mney in rder that she culd buy a bike.
易错4:从句时态——主句为现在时,从句用can/will;主句为过去时,从句用culd/wuld。
阅读核心考点(课文重点+题型技巧)
课文重点(经济常识+细节,必考)
核心主题:Is there such a thing as a free lunch?(天下没有免费的午餐)
核心观点:社会依靠商品和服务的交换来运转;即使是“免费”的东西,也有隐藏成本(hidden cst)。
关键细节:
农民种植食物,人们购买,农民获得报酬,才能继续种植;如果食物免费,农民就没有动力种植。
商场的免费样品、免费活动,看似免费,但商家会通过其他方式收回成本(如吸引顾客消费)。
谚语理解:“There’s n such thing as a free lunch.” 意为“天下没有免费的午餐”,强调任何东西都需要付出代价。
阅读题型技巧
主旨大意题:本文核心是解释“天下没有免费的午餐”的经济原理,说明社会运转依赖商品和服务的交换。
细节理解题:定位关键词(free lunch, hidden cst, trade, gds and services),注意例子与观点的对应(如农民的例子证明社会依赖交换)。
推理判断题:根据文章观点推断(如“免费样品不是真的免费”,因为商家有隐藏成本)。
词义猜测题:结合上下文猜测hidden cst(隐藏成本)、trade(交换)等词的含义。
写作核心考点(话题+模板+加分句)
写作话题:A Survey Reprt n Students’ Spending and Saving Habits(学生消费和储蓄习惯调查报告)
写作模板(直接套用,适配课文D部分要求)
Our schl has interviewed [数量] students abut their [消费/储蓄习惯]. Accrding t the survey, [核心数据1]. Fr example, [具体数据描述1,如...% f students spend mney n...]. Besides,[核心数据2]. [具体数据描述2,如...% f students save mney by...]. It seems that [调查发现,如mst students pay mre attentin t entertainment]. Frm the survey, we can see that [总结发现]. We suggest that [建议,如students shuld spend less n entertainment and save mre mney].
加分句(结合本单元词汇/语法)
A higher percentage f students spend their pcket mney n entertainment than n bks.(数据描述)
We shuld learn t budget ur pcket mney s that we can save fr bigger things in the future.(目的状语从句)
It is imprtant fr us t be respnsible fr ur wn spending and avid wasting mney.(不定式结构)
4. In shrt, develping gd spending and saving habits can help us becme mre independent.
U1-U3共性考点(综合复习重点)
宾语从句基础:that引导的陈述句宾语从句,时态一致(主句过去时,从句用过去相关时态;客观真理用一般现在时)。
状语从句:结果()、目的(s that/in rder that),区分两者用法,避免混淆。
短语搭配:每单元高频短语(cme acrss, by accident, save mney等),必须默写并能在语境中运用。
阅读技巧:细节定位、推理判断、主旨大意,适配上海中考阅读题型,重点练习“关键词定位法”。
写作:话题作文(艺术品、发明、调查报告),掌握模板,灵活运用本单元词汇和语法,注意逻辑连贯(用linking wrds:first, besides, what’s mre, in shrt)。结构
用法说明
例句
s + 形容词/副词 + that ...
s修饰形容词或副词,that引导结果状语从句
She sings s well that everyne likes her.
s + many/few + 可数名词复数 + that ...
many/few修饰可数名词,s修饰many/few
There are s many students that the classrm is crwded.
s + much/little + 不可数名词 + that ...
much/little修饰不可数名词,s修饰much/little
He has s little time that he can’t finish his hmewrk.
such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that ...
such修饰名词短语,形容词为辅音音素开头用a,元音音素开头用an
It is such an interesting bk that I read it twice.
such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + that ...
such修饰复数名词或不可数名词
They are such beautiful flwers that we want t pick them.
引导词
结构
例句(课文相关)
What
What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
What an amazing discvery penicillin is!
What
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
What great inventins the cmputer and the Internet are!
What
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
What imprtant medical research it is!
Hw
Hw + 形容词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
Hw imprtant the discvery f qinghasu is!
Hw
Hw + 副词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
Hw carefully Tu Yu did the experiment!
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