高考英语·二轮复习练习专题突破专题01 · 阅读理解之细节理解题含答案

这是一份高考英语·二轮复习练习专题突破专题01 · 阅读理解之细节理解题含答案，共11页。
核【核心知识·深度解读】
细节理解题是阅读理解中最基础的题型，主要考查考生对文章具体信息的识别和理解能力。这类题目通常可以直接在原文中找到答案，但有时也会设置一些干扰项，如偷换概念、张冠李戴、断章取义等。掌握正确的解题步骤和技巧，可以快速准确地定位答案。
一、常见提问方式
1. Accrding t the passage,
2. Which f the fllwing is true/nt true?
3. All f the fllwing are mentined except...
4. The authr states that...
5. What can we learn frm
二、解题步骤
① 读题干，找关键词：圈出题干中的专有名词、时间、数字、核心名词等，作为定位依据。
② 定位原文：快速浏览文章，找到关键词所在的位置（通常在一段内）。
③ 比对信息：将选项与原文进行仔细比对，注意同义转述、正话反说等变化。
④ 排除干扰：排除与原文不符、无中生有、过度推断的选项。
三、常见干扰项特征
- 偷换概念：选项中的词与原文相似，但意思不同。
- 张冠李戴：把属于A的内容放在B上。
- 断章取义：只截取部分信息，忽略上下文。
- 无中生有：原文中没有提及的内容。
- 正反混淆：与原文意思相反。
四、 示例
原文：The study fund that participants wh exercised regularly reprted higher levels f happiness than thse wh did nt.
题目：What did the study find abut regular exercise?
选项：A. It reduces happiness. B. It increases happiness. C. It has n effect n happiness. D. It nly benefits yung peple.
解析：原文说“higher levels f happiness”，所以B正确。A、C与原文相反，D无中生有。
题型：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
专项突破·细节理解题
Passage 1 (主题：科技与健康)
Wearable fitness trackers have becme increasingly ppular in recent years. These devices, such as Fitbit and Apple Watch, can mnitr steps, heart rate, sleep patterns, and even stress levels. A study cnducted by Stanfrd University fund that fitness trackers are generally accurate in measuring step cunt, but less reliable when it cmes t calrie expenditure. Researchers tested seven different devices and discvered that nne f them measured calrie burn with an errr rate belw 20%. Hwever, they als nted that the mtivatinal effect f wearing a tracker might still lead t healthier habits. Interestingly, the study shwed that participants wh wre trackers walked an average f 1,500 mre steps per day than thse wh didn't.
1. What can fitness trackers mnitr accrding t the passage?
A. Steps, heart rate, and bld pressure. B. Steps, heart rate, sleep patterns, and stress. C. Steps, calries, and bld xygen. D. Heart rate, sleep patterns, and diet.
2. What did the Stanfrd study find abut calrie measurement?
A. It was cmpletely accurate. B. It had an errr rate belw 20%. C. It was inaccurate with errr abve 20%. D. It was nly accurate fr Fitbit.
3. Hw many mre steps did tracker wearers walk per day cmpared t nn-wearers?
A. 500. B. 1,000. C. 1,500. D. 2,000.
4. What did researchers say abut the mtivatinal effect f trackers?
A. It was insignificant. B. It might lead t healthier habits. C. It caused peple t exercise less. D. It nly wrked fr yung peple.
5. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is true?
A. All fitness trackers measure calries accurately. B. The study tested nly ne type f tracker. C. Tracker wearers walked mre steps. D. The study was cnducted by Harvard.
Passage 2 (主题：历史事件)
The Great Fire f Lndn started n September 2, 1666, in a bakery n Pudding Lane. It lasted fr three days and destryed abut 13,200 huses, 87 churches, and St Paul's Cathedral. Surprisingly, nly six deaths were fficially recrded, thugh the true number may have been higher. After the fire, King Charles II rdered the city t be rebuilt with wider streets and brick buildings t prevent future fires. The fire als had a psitive effect: it ended the Great Plague, which had killed thusands in the previus year, as the fire burned the infected areas.
6. When did the Great Fire f Lndn start?
A. September 2, 1665. B. September 2, 1666. C. September 3, 1666. D. Octber 2, 1666.
7. Where did the fire begin?
A. In a church. B. In a bakery. C. In St Paul's Cathedral. D. On a farm.
8. Hw many huses were destryed?
A. Abut 13,200. B. Abut 87. C. Abut 6. D. Abut 10,000.
9. What was the fficial death tll?
A. Six. B. Twelve. C. Hundreds. D. Unknwn.
10. What psitive effect did the fire have?
A. It created mre jbs. B. It ended the Great Plague. C. It led t the inventin f fire insurance. D. It made the city mre beautiful.
Passage 3 (主题：动物行为)
Dlphins are knwn fr their intelligence and scial behavir. They live in grups called pds, which can cnsist f up t a dzen individuals. Within these pds, dlphins cmmunicate using a variety f clicks, whistles, and bdy mvements. Each dlphin has a unique signature whistle, similar t a name, that it uses t identify itself. Research has shwn that dlphins can recgnize themselves in mirrrs, a sign f self-awareness that is rare in the animal kingdm. They als display altruistic behavir, such as helping injured members f their pd t the surface t breathe. In sme cases, dlphins have been bserved prtecting swimmers frm sharks.
11. What is a grup f dlphins called?
A. A herd. B. A pd. C. A schl. D. A pack.
12. Hw d dlphins cmmunicate?
A. Only thrugh clicks. B. Thrugh clicks, whistles, and bdy mvements. C. Only thrugh whistles. D. Thrugh sunds and smells.
13. What is a "signature whistle"?
A. A whistle used t warn f danger. B. A unique sund that identifies a dlphin. C. A whistle that nly males make. D. A call t gather the pd.
14. What des the ability t recgnize themselves in mirrrs indicate?
A. Intelligence. B. Self-awareness. C. Playfulness. D. Aggressin.
15. What altruistic behavir d dlphins display?
A. Sharing fd. B. Helping injured pd members breathe. C. Teaching yung dlphins. D. Playing with ther species.
Passage 4 (主题：文化习俗)
In Japan, it is custmary t remve shes befre entering a huse. This practice dates back centuries and is rted in the desire t keep hmes clean, as streets were ften muddy. Visitrs are expected t place their shes neatly in the entrance area, pinting tward the dr. Slippers are usually prvided fr walking inside, but these are remved again befre stepping nt tatami mats. In sme traditinal restaurants and temples, the same rule applies. When using a public restrm, there are ften special slippers t wear inside, which must be taken ff when leaving. Failing t fllw these custms can be seen as disrespectful.
16. Why d Japanese remve shes befre entering a huse?
A. T keep the flr clean. B. Because shes are uncmfrtable. C. T fllw a religius rule. D. Because they have slippers.
17. Hw shuld shes be placed at the entrance?
A. Neatly, pinting tward the dr. B. Neatly, pinting away frm the dr. C. Anywhere, as lng as they are tgether. D. Stacked n tp f each ther.
18. What must be dne befre stepping nt tatami mats?
A. Take ff slippers. B. Put n clean scks. C. Bw. D. Wash feet.
19. Where else are shes remved?
A. In all public places. B. In traditinal restaurants and temples. C. Only in hmes. D. In htels.
20. What happens if yu fail t fllw these custms?
A. Yu may be asked t leave. B. It can be seen as disrespectful. C. Yu will be fined. D. Nthing happens.
Passage 5 (主题：环保数据)
A recent reprt by the United Natins Envirnment Prgramme (UNEP) shws that glbal plastic prductin reached 460 millin tns in 2023, with nly 9% being recycled. Abut 12% was incinerated, and the remaining 79% ended up in landfills r the natural envirnment. The reprt als ntes that plastic pllutin in ceans has increased by 50% ver the past decade. If current trends cntinue, by 2050 there culd be mre plastic in the cean than fish (by weight). Several cuntries have taken actin; fr example, Canada banned single-use plastics in 2022, and the Eurpean Unin has set a target t recycle 55% f plastic packaging by 2030.
21. Hw much plastic was prduced glbally in 2023?
A. 460 millin tns. B. 416 millin tns. C. 500 millin tns. D. 400 millin tns.
22. What percentage f plastic was recycled?
A. 9%. B. 12%. C. 79%. D. 50%.
23. Hw much plastic ended up in landfills r nature?
A. 9%. B. 12%. C. 79%. D. 100%.
24. By hw much has cean plastic pllutin increased ver the past decade?
A. 50%. B. 60%. C. 40%. D. 70%.
25. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?
A. Canada banned single-use plastics in 2020. B. The EU aims t recycle 55% f plastic packaging by 2030. C. By 2050, plastic will definitely utweigh fish in the cean. D. 12% f plastic was recycled in 2023.
参考答案及解析
Passage 1
1. B (第一段“mnitr steps, heart rate, sleep patterns, and even stress levels”)
2. C (第一段“nne f them measured calrie burn with an errr rate belw 20%”即误差高于20%)
3. C (第一段最后“walked an average f 1,500 mre steps per day”)
4. B (第一段“the mtivatinal effect ... might still lead t healthier habits”)
5. C (A与原文相反，B错误（测试了7种），D错误（斯坦福），C正确)
Passage 2
6. B (第一句“September 2, 1666”)
7. B (第一句“in a bakery n Pudding Lane”)
8. A (第一段“destryed abut 13,200 huses”)
9. A (第一段“nly six deaths were fficially recrded”)
10. B (最后一句“it ended the Great Plague”)
Passage 3
11. B (第二句“grups called pds”)
12. B (第三句“cmmunicate using a variety f clicks, whistles, and bdy mvements”)
13. B (第四句“a unique signature whistle, similar t a name”)
14. B (第五句“a sign f self-awareness”)
15. B (第六句“helping injured members f their pd t the surface t breathe”)
Passage 4
16. A (第二句“rted in the desire t keep hmes clean”)
17. A (第三句“place their shes neatly in the entrance area, pinting tward the dr”)
18. A (第四句“these are remved again befre stepping nt tatami mats”)
19. B (第五句“In sme traditinal restaurants and temples, the same rule applies”)
20. B (最后一句“Failing t fllw these custms can be seen as disrespectful”)
Passage 5
21. A (第一句“460 millin tns”)
22. A (第一句“nly 9% being recycled”)
23. C (第一句“the remaining 79% ended up in landfills r the natural envirnment”)
24. A (第二句“increased by 50% ver the past decade”)
25. B (最后一句“the Eurpean Unin has set a target t recycle 55% f plastic packaging by 2030”。A错误（2022），C“culd”不是“will definitely”，D错误（9% recycled）)
教学使用建议： 建议学生先通读题干，带着问题读文章，注意关键词的同义转述。做完后对照答案，分析错误原因，是定位不准还是被干扰项迷惑。平时练习中要养成在原文中划出依据的习惯。