专题08 数词、介词考点归纳-2026届中考英语总复习（人教版）练习+答案

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考点1 基数词和序数词的构成
数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词，分为基数词和序数词。常见基数词和序数词的构成如下：
考点2 基数词和序数词的用法
一、基数词的用法
拓展 次数的表达
nce“一次”，twice“两次”，三次及以上均由“基数词+times”构成（如three times）。这些词可用于回答hw ften（多久一次）开头的问句。如：
—Hw ften des yur mm g t the market?
—Twice a week.
随堂训练
1.Abut 100______（百万）peple used ChatGPT in the first tw mnths.
2.Qi Baishi started his painting career in his______（frty）,but he still made a real success.
3.Last weekend,________（hundred）f students jined in the reading activity at the ft f the ancient Ming City Wall.
4．这个新体育馆占据了这个学校的四分之一。
This new gym__________________________________the schl.
5．为了帮助运动员快速找到运动场馆,他们每隔几百米就设置一个指示牌。
In rder t help athletes find sprts venues quickly,they set up signs________________________.
二、序数词的用法
拓展 分数的表达
分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子如果大于1，表示分母的序数词后加s。分母若是2，通常用half表示；分母若是4，可以用quarter表示。如： 1/2 a/ne half； 1/3 a/ne third； 3/4 three quarters/three furths； 2/5 tw fifths。
1.I live n the________（第六）flr f this building and have a gd view f Luma Lake.
2.Su Bingtian was the____（ne）Asian t break the 10-secnd barrier（难关）in the men's 100m race.
3.On the______（第四）day f the trip,we finally reached the beautiful beach.
4.The building has thirty-tw flrs,and I live n the______（twelve）flr.
5.Frm February 7th t 14th,the____（nine）Asian Winter Games tk place in Harbin,China.It's als the secnd time that Harbin has hsted such a great event.
6.On my grandmther's________（ninety）birthday party,I gave her my best wishes.
7．Three______（five）f the students in ur class like playing basketball.
8.Every year,peple celebrate Wrld First Aid Day n the______Saturday in September.（tw）
介词考情分析
介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分。介词后加名词、代词（宾格）、动词的-ing形式构成介宾结构；介词也可与其他词搭配使用。
易错提示 副词here、there、hme、abrad、upstairs、dwnstairs前不用介词。如：g upstairs/dwnstairs。
考点1 时间介词、地点介词及其他介词
一、时间介词
1.Jhn Warner, brn ________ 1971, has devted all his time t studying the life f sea lins.
A．atB．nC．inD．by
2.—What time d yu usually get up n weekdays, Amy?
—I usually get up ________ six ’clck in the mrning.
A．nB．inC．atD．between
3.The 9th Asian Winter Games pened in Harbin ______ February 7th, 2025.
A．atB．nC．inD．t
二、地点介词
1.表示地理位置的 in、n、at和t
2.表示方位的介词
1.Make a secnd, smaller ball and put it ________ tp f the first ne.
A．inB．nC．abveD．belw
2.Tim is s kind that he ften helps the ld walk ________ the busy rad safely.
A．abutB．acrssC．abveD．against
3.—Hw d yu like the city, Tny?
—Wnderful. A small river runs ________ the city and makes it becme tw parts.
A．acrssB．nC．abveD．thrugh
4.There is a pian ________ the wall in my study. I usually practise playing it in my free time.
A．abveB．againstC．arundD．amng
5.Peple and birds share their hmes _________ the blue sky.
A．underB．frmC．besideD．withut
三、其他介词
1.I imprved my spken English ________ watching English mvies and listening t English sngs.
A．inB．tC．frD．by
2.— Why have yu dne s well in the Maths exam, Annie?
— T tell yu the truth, I’ve made great prgress ________ wrking in a grup since last year.
A．byB．withC．atD．n
3.The ancient Greeks succeeded in capturing the city ________ a trick in nly ne night.
A．inB．thrughC．fD．fr
4.—Hw did yu get t the z, Helen?
—I went t the bus statin ________ my bike, and tk the N. l bus t the z.
A．nB．byC．inD．with
考点2 介词短语及搭配
1．They culdn't understand why I wanted t live smewhere that was s cld and far hme.
2．She ften says hell me frm her frnt garden when I cme back hme.
3．Mark asked his father sme help.
4．Als,he shws us hw t learn ur mistakes.
5．Peple thught their pictures were full imaginatin.
6． first,Ann didn't want t g and said n t her,explaining that they were n lnger friends.
7．Next Friday is my sister Susie's birthday,s she is busy getting ready it.
8．It's reprted that, general,cities with gd public transprtatin systems have lwer air pllutin levels.
9．When yu have jys,yu can share them yur friends.
10．Scientists need t cme up new ways t slve the prblem.
11．The scientist made an imprtant discvery accident while ding an experiment.
12．She left a hurry and frgt her keys.
3．—What's yur teacher like?
—She is always strict us.
14．The heavy rain prevented us ging ut.
综合训练
一．填空题
1.The delta，which includes a big wetland,is a paradise fr abut fur （百）kinds f birds.
2.By 2050，abut 630 （百万）adults in China might be verweight,accrding t a study in The Lancet.
3.China Daily reprted that mre than 65 （百分比）f the wrld's electric cars were frm China.
4.________（thusand）f years ag,by the hands f the Chinese,a leaf was brewed int a delicius drink.
5.Wmen's Day is celebrated each year n the （eight）day f March.
6.We have a saying that“Of all virtues（美德），filial piety（孝心）is the （ne）”.
7.Ntice small jys in daily life，such as a beautiful sunrise r a gd cnversatin friends.
8.With AI tls,I tried t wrk ut the math prblem my wn.
9.If we just fcus the result and d nt enjy the prcess,we will be mre likely t feel disappinted and want t give up.
10.f yur American friend invites yu t her birthday party,yu can take alng sme presents flwers,a plant r chclates.
11.Because their brave and quick actins,they saved the passengers n the bus.
12.Why are these things red?There is a stry it.
13.She climbed the muntain with her friends last weekend.
14.Last term,the schl sprts meet was held in September.I tk part the 200-meter race.
15. her 14th birthday,Lin received a heavy bx with bamb strips and silk frm her grandfather,a master lantern maker.
16.“I was with my wife,and we were ur way hme,”said Wang.“All f a sudden,I heard a great nise and saw a car fall int the river.”
17.—Hey,Tm,yu are making nise.Yu shuld be plite public.
—Srry,Mum.I've gt it.
18.Pictures abut flwers and animals are put n windws,drs and walls symbls f gd wishes and gd luck.
19.The dctr pushed his way the crwd t help the dying ld man.
20.Smene says life is a mirrr,and we get the best results when we smile at it.
二．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1 1640,an ld man returned hme,weak but peaceful after his final jurney.Villagers asked,“Yu traveled all yur life.D yu regret it?”His eyes still shne brightly 2 the mment he answered,“I saw China's greatest wnders and walked where heres like Zhang Qian nce std.Hw culd I regret it?”This man was Xu Xiake,a traveler wh left his ftprints 3 China.
Xu's stry shws the true meaning 4 travel:it changes hw we see life.Every step he tk reminds us that traveling is nt nly like talking with nature,but helps us grw wiser.Tday,when we walk his paths,we remember his lessn—real discveries happen nt just 5 mving frward,but by daring t explre the unknwn.
三.将方框中所给词的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次。
There are 1 students in ur class—twenty bys and twenty girls.We have never gne n a trip tgether befre,s this is ur 2 class trip.We carefully planned the trip and finally decided t visit the city museum.When we arrived,we were amazed t see 3 f peple waiting in line.First,we visited the exhibitin n the first flr.After that,when we reached the 4 flr,we saw many cultural relics（文物）.All in all,we had a very meaningful day.考点
考向
基数词
用法：表数量、年龄、年份、年代、时刻等
序数词
①用法：表顺序；用于构成分数、日期等 ②基数词→序数词
1—9
11—19
10—90（整十）
几十几
100及以上
基数词
序数词
基数词
序数词
基数词
序数词
ne
first
eleven
eleventh
ten
tenth
基数词：
twenty-ne
thirty-tw
序数词：
twenty-first
thirty-secnd
基数词：
ne hundred（一百）
ne thusand（一千）
ne millin（一百万）
ne billin（十亿）
ne hundred and ne
ne hundred and ninety-nine
序数词：
ne hundred and first
（第一百零一）
tw
secnd
twelve
twelfth
twenty
twentieth
three
third
thirteen
thirteenth
thirty
thirtieth
fur
furth
furteen
furteenth
frty
frtieth
five
fifth
fifteen
fifteenth
fifty
fiftieth
six
sixth
sixteen
sixteenth
sixty
sixtieth
seven
seventh
seventeen
seventeenth
seventy
seventieth
eight
eighth
eighteen
eighteenth
eighty
eightieth
nine
ninth
nineteen
nineteenth
ninety
ninetieth
用法
示例
表示数量
具体数量用“基数词+可数名词单数/复数”
ne apple tw hundred dllars
概数用“hundreds/thusands/millins/billins+ f +可数名词复数”
thusands f buildings
表示年代
“in the+整十年份的阿拉伯数字加-s”表示“在……世纪……年代”
in the 1980s（在20世纪80年代）
表示年龄
“基数词+year（s）+ld”表示“……岁”
nine years ld
“at the age f+基数词”表示“在……岁时”
at the age f nine
“in ne's+整十基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”
in his twenties（在他20多岁时）
表示时刻
表示“……点整”用“基数词+'clck”
three 'clck
若分钟数小于或等于30分钟,用“基数词+past+基数词”，表示“……点过……分”
ten past three（三点十分）
若分钟数大于30分钟,用“基数词+t+基数词”，表示“差……分到……点”
ten t three（两点五十分）
表示时间/距离等
基数词与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等的词连用作主语时，常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式
Ten minutes is a lng time when we are waiting.
用含基数词的名词所有格作定语
fifteen minutes' drive （15分钟的车程）
构成复合形容词
“基数词+连字符+单数名词（+连字符+形容词）”，作定语，表示时间、距离、年龄等
a fifteen-minute drive（一段15分钟的车程）
a five-year-ld girl
用法
示例
修饰单数名词，表示顺序、日期等
the first time（第一次） n the secnd day
序数词前若无其他修饰成分，必须使用the；如果有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格修饰时，则不用the
The sixth girl n the left is my cusin.
This is Tm's secnd visit t China.
序数词前可以用a或an，此时表示“又一，再一”
I have read this bk three times, but I want t read it a furth time.
考点
考向
介词的释义及用法
in/n/at/fr/f/t/abut/during/by/with/withut/like/as/against+名词/代词（宾格）/动词的-ing形式
介词短语及搭配
常见的介词短语和搭配
介词
用法
示例
in
in+世纪/年/季节/月
in the 21st century in 2026
in spring in March
表示在上午/下午/晚上
in the mrning/afternn/evening
in+一段时间，表示“……（多久）以后”
They will finish the wrk in an hur.
within
within+一段时间，表示“在……之内”
He finished the reprt within three days.
n
n+日期/星期几/含有Day的节日
n June 2nd n Friday
n Children's Day
n+特定某一天的上午/下午/晚上
n Sunday afternn
at
at+具体的时刻
at seven 'clck at a quarter t ne
与年龄、三餐、正午、夜晚、一些节日等搭配
at the age f five at breakfast
at nn/night
fr
fr+一段时间
He has studied English fr five years.
since
since+过去的时间，表示“从……以来（直到现在）”，一般用于现在完成时
He has studied English since 2020.
during
during+一段时间，表示“在……期间”，常与节日搭配
during his stay in Beijing
during the Spring Festival
by
by+时间点,表示“在……以前；到……为止”
I will finish the wrk by Mnday.
befre/after
befre/after+时间点，表示“在……之前/后”
Please cme here befre 10 'clck.
I'll ring yu up after tw 'clck.
until/till
until/till+时间点，表示“直到……时候）”；结构表示“直到……才……”
I waited fr my mther until/till 10 'clck.
I didn't g t bed until 10 'clck.
介词
图解及用法
例句
in
某一小地点在另一大地点范围之内；用于较大的地方
（如：国家、城市、乡镇、水域等）前
Yunnan is in the suthwest f China.
n
一地不在另一地范围内，但两地接壤
Hubei is n the nrth f Hunan.
t
不包含，也不接壤
Japan lies t the east f China.
at
用于较小的地方（如：学校、机场等）前
I wrk at a schl.
方位
介词
含义与用法
例句
上
n
表示在某物的表面上，且相互接触
There is a plate n the table.
abve
表示在某物上方，但不必在其垂直上方，不接触
Raise yur arms abve yur head.
ver
表示在某物的垂直上方，不接触
There is a bridge ver the river.
下
under
表示在某物的垂直下方，不接触
The ball is under the table.
belw
表示在某物的下方，但不必在其垂直下方，且不接触
Our apartment is belw theirs.
前
in frnt f
表示在某物的前面，并且在其外面
There are sme trees in frnt f the classrm.
in the frnt f
表示在某物内部的前面
There's a teacher's deskin the frnt f the classrm.
后
behind
表示在某物的后面
There is a bank behind the pst ffice.
中间
between
表示在两者之间，常与and连用
Maria sits between Lucy and Lily.
amng
表示在三者或三者以上之间
Miss Wang stands amng her students.
对面
ppsite
表示“在……对面”，与acrss frm同义
She sat ppsite/acrss frm me at the table.
沿着
alng
表示“沿着；顺着”
He walked alng the rad.
附近、旁边
near
表示“在……附近”
After the accident, her friend sat next t/beside/by/near her all night.
next t
表示“紧邻；在……近旁”
by
表示“靠近；在……旁边”
beside
表示“在……旁边/附近”
倚
against
表示“紧靠；倚”
Put the bike against the wall.
横过
acrss
指从事物表面的一边到另一边，用于表示横穿马路、过桥、过河等
He can swim acrss the river.
穿过
thrugh
指从事物的内部通过
She had t push her way thrugh the crwd t get t her sn.
介词
含义与用法
示例
使用、凭借
by
表示使用某种方式或手段，后主要加交通工具/通信工具/动作（常用动词的-ing形式）
send the message by radi
make mney by selling flwers
in
表示使用某种语言、材料
sing this sng in English
write in ink
with
表示使用某种具体有形的工具
d hmewrk with a pen
thrugh
表示“凭借；由于”
Yu can achieve success nly thrugh hard wrk.
有、没有
with
表示“带有；和……一起；伴着”
Our English teacher came int the classrm with a smile n her face.
withut
表示“没有；无……相伴”
He hurried t schl withut breakfast.
包括、除了
including
表示“包括”
I've gt a three-day hliday including New Year's Day.（包括元旦在内有三天假）
besides
表示“除了……之外（包括在内）”， 含有“加”的意思
Besides the lecture， there was a cncert.
except
表示“除了……之外 （不包括在内）”， 含有“减”的意思
The stres will be pen daily except Sundays.
关于
abut
表示“关于；对于”
Can yu tell me smething abut yur life?
n
表示“关于”
I saw a mvie n histry last week.
……的
f
表示属于（某人或某物）、关于（某人或某物），意为“……的”
the name f the band
对象
t
表示“对；到；给；朝着”
He gave a ty bear t his sister.
fr
表示“为了；对于……来说”
It's very imprtant fr me.
像、作为
like
表示“相似；类似；像；像……一样；例如”
He's just like his father.
as
表示“像；如同；作为”，常与the same连用
Yu can use that glass as a vase.
数量多少
ver
表示“多于（某时间、数量、花费等）”
He's ver sixty.（六十多岁）
She stayed in Lags fr ver a mnth.
under
表示数量“小于；少于”
It tk us under an hur.（不到一小时）
赞成、反对
fr
表示“赞成”，常与系动词be连用
We are fr the idea.
against
表示“反对；违反”，还表示“与……竞争；对抗”
Mr. Smith is strngly against keeping animals in the z.
She is willing t play against any tugh players.
分类
示例
动词（+名词/代词）+介词
agree with同意……的意见 ask （sb.） fr请求 belng t属于
leave fr出发去……learn frm向……学习 laugh at嘲笑
用……装满…… thank sb. fr sth. 因某事感谢某人
remind sb. f sth. 使某人想起某事/某物 share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某事/某物
have an effect n sth. 对某事物有影响
prevent sb. frm ding sth. 阻止某人做某事
be+形容词+介词
be afraid f 害怕…… be excited abut对……感到兴奋
be pleased with对……感到满意 be srry fr 为……抱歉
be prud f为……感到自豪 be clse t 接近……
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be far frm 离……远
be famus/knwn fr因……而出名 be full f充满……
be different frm 与……不同 be strict with（sb.）对（某人）要求严格
介词+名词（短语）
after a while片刻之后 by the way顺便说一下
fr example例如 n the ther hand 另一方面
in ttal总共 with ne's help 在某人的帮助下
in this way用这种方法 t ne's surprise 使某人惊奇的是
with a smile带着微笑 under pressure处于压力之下
as a result结果;因此 by accident/chance偶然;意外地
in a hurry匆匆忙忙 in turn依次;轮流
其他
at nce立刻 at first 首先
at last 最后 cme up with想到（主意、答案等）
by the end f 到……末 at the ft f在……脚下
in the east f在……东部 n the tp f在……顶端
hundred frty tw ne